xref: /external/clang/lib/CodeGen/CGExprScalar.cpp

//===--- CGExprScalar.cpp - Emit LLVM Code for Scalar Exprs ---------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This contains code to emit Expr nodes with scalar LLVM types as LLVM code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "clang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h"
#include "CodeGenFunction.h"
#include "CGCXXABI.h"
#include "CGObjCRuntime.h"
#include "CodeGenModule.h"
#include "CGDebugInfo.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
#include "clang/AST/RecordLayout.h"
#include "clang/AST/StmtVisitor.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/Function.h"
#include "llvm/GlobalVariable.h"
#include "llvm/Intrinsics.h"
#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CFG.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
#include <cstdarg>

using namespace clang;
using namespace CodeGen;
using llvm::Value;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                         Scalar Expression Emitter
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
struct BinOpInfo {
  Value *LHS;
  Value *RHS;
  QualType Ty;  // Computation Type.
  BinaryOperator::Opcode Opcode; // Opcode of BinOp to perform
  const Expr *E;      // Entire expr, for error unsupported.  May not be binop.
};

static bool MustVisitNullValue(const Expr *E) {
  // If a null pointer expression's type is the C++0x nullptr_t, then
  // it's not necessarily a simple constant and it must be evaluated
  // for its potential side effects.
  return E->getType()->isNullPtrType();
}

class ScalarExprEmitter
  : public StmtVisitor<ScalarExprEmitter, Value*> {
  CodeGenFunction &CGF;
  CGBuilderTy &Builder;
  bool IgnoreResultAssign;
  llvm::LLVMContext &VMContext;
public:

  ScalarExprEmitter(CodeGenFunction &cgf, bool ira=false)
    : CGF(cgf), Builder(CGF.Builder), IgnoreResultAssign(ira),
      VMContext(cgf.getLLVMContext()) {
  }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  //                               Utilities
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  bool TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign() {
    bool I = IgnoreResultAssign;
    IgnoreResultAssign = false;
    return I;
  }

  const llvm::Type *ConvertType(QualType T) { return CGF.ConvertType(T); }
  LValue EmitLValue(const Expr *E) { return CGF.EmitLValue(E); }
  LValue EmitCheckedLValue(const Expr *E) { return CGF.EmitCheckedLValue(E); }

  Value *EmitLoadOfLValue(LValue LV, QualType T) {
    return CGF.EmitLoadOfLValue(LV, T).getScalarVal();
  }

  /// EmitLoadOfLValue - Given an expression with complex type that represents a
  /// value l-value, this method emits the address of the l-value, then loads
  /// and returns the result.
  Value *EmitLoadOfLValue(const Expr *E) {
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(EmitCheckedLValue(E), E->getType());
  }

  /// EmitConversionToBool - Convert the specified expression value to a
  /// boolean (i1) truth value.  This is equivalent to "Val != 0".
  Value *EmitConversionToBool(Value *Src, QualType DstTy);

  /// EmitScalarConversion - Emit a conversion from the specified type to the
  /// specified destination type, both of which are LLVM scalar types.
  Value *EmitScalarConversion(Value *Src, QualType SrcTy, QualType DstTy);

  /// EmitComplexToScalarConversion - Emit a conversion from the specified
  /// complex type to the specified destination type, where the destination type
  /// is an LLVM scalar type.
  Value *EmitComplexToScalarConversion(CodeGenFunction::ComplexPairTy Src,
                                       QualType SrcTy, QualType DstTy);

  /// EmitNullValue - Emit a value that corresponds to null for the given type.
  Value *EmitNullValue(QualType Ty);

  /// EmitFloatToBoolConversion - Perform an FP to boolean conversion.
  Value *EmitFloatToBoolConversion(Value *V) {
    // Compare against 0.0 for fp scalars.
    llvm::Value *Zero = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(V->getType());
    return Builder.CreateFCmpUNE(V, Zero, "tobool");
  }

  /// EmitPointerToBoolConversion - Perform a pointer to boolean conversion.
  Value *EmitPointerToBoolConversion(Value *V) {
    Value *Zero = llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(
                                      cast<llvm::PointerType>(V->getType()));
    return Builder.CreateICmpNE(V, Zero, "tobool");
  }

  Value *EmitIntToBoolConversion(Value *V) {
    // Because of the type rules of C, we often end up computing a
    // logical value, then zero extending it to int, then wanting it
    // as a logical value again.  Optimize this common case.
    if (llvm::ZExtInst *ZI = dyn_cast<llvm::ZExtInst>(V)) {
      if (ZI->getOperand(0)->getType() == Builder.getInt1Ty()) {
        Value *Result = ZI->getOperand(0);
        // If there aren't any more uses, zap the instruction to save space.
        // Note that there can be more uses, for example if this
        // is the result of an assignment.
        if (ZI->use_empty())
          ZI->eraseFromParent();
        return Result;
      }
    }

    const llvm::IntegerType *Ty = cast<llvm::IntegerType>(V->getType());
    Value *Zero = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Ty, 0);
    return Builder.CreateICmpNE(V, Zero, "tobool");
  }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  //                            Visitor Methods
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  Value *Visit(Expr *E) {
    return StmtVisitor<ScalarExprEmitter, Value*>::Visit(E);
  }

  Value *VisitStmt(Stmt *S) {
    S->dump(CGF.getContext().getSourceManager());
    assert(0 && "Stmt can't have complex result type!");
    return 0;
  }
  Value *VisitExpr(Expr *S);

  Value *VisitParenExpr(ParenExpr *PE) {
    return Visit(PE->getSubExpr());
  }

  // Leaves.
  Value *VisitIntegerLiteral(const IntegerLiteral *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext, E->getValue());
  }
  Value *VisitFloatingLiteral(const FloatingLiteral *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext, E->getValue());
  }
  Value *VisitCharacterLiteral(const CharacterLiteral *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(ConvertType(E->getType()), E->getValue());
  }
  Value *VisitCXXBoolLiteralExpr(const CXXBoolLiteralExpr *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(ConvertType(E->getType()), E->getValue());
  }
  Value *VisitCXXScalarValueInitExpr(const CXXScalarValueInitExpr *E) {
    return EmitNullValue(E->getType());
  }
  Value *VisitGNUNullExpr(const GNUNullExpr *E) {
    return EmitNullValue(E->getType());
  }
  Value *VisitOffsetOfExpr(OffsetOfExpr *E);
  Value *VisitSizeOfAlignOfExpr(const SizeOfAlignOfExpr *E);
  Value *VisitAddrLabelExpr(const AddrLabelExpr *E) {
    llvm::Value *V = CGF.GetAddrOfLabel(E->getLabel());
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(V, ConvertType(E->getType()));
  }

  Value *VisitSizeOfPackExpr(SizeOfPackExpr *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(ConvertType(E->getType()),
                                  E->getPackLength());
  }

  Value *VisitOpaqueValueExpr(OpaqueValueExpr *E) {
    if (E->isGLValue())
      return EmitLoadOfLValue(CGF.getOpaqueLValueMapping(E), E->getType());

    // Otherwise, assume the mapping is the scalar directly.
    return CGF.getOpaqueRValueMapping(E).getScalarVal();
  }

  // l-values.
  Value *VisitDeclRefExpr(DeclRefExpr *E) {
    Expr::EvalResult Result;
    if (!E->Evaluate(Result, CGF.getContext()))
      return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);

    assert(!Result.HasSideEffects && "Constant declref with side-effect?!");

    llvm::Constant *C;
    if (Result.Val.isInt()) {
      C = llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext, Result.Val.getInt());
    } else if (Result.Val.isFloat()) {
      C = llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext, Result.Val.getFloat());
    } else {
      return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);
    }

    // Make sure we emit a debug reference to the global variable.
    if (VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(E->getDecl())) {
      if (!CGF.getContext().DeclMustBeEmitted(VD))
        CGF.EmitDeclRefExprDbgValue(E, C);
    } else if (isa<EnumConstantDecl>(E->getDecl())) {
      CGF.EmitDeclRefExprDbgValue(E, C);
    }

    return C;
  }
  Value *VisitObjCSelectorExpr(ObjCSelectorExpr *E) {
    return CGF.EmitObjCSelectorExpr(E);
  }
  Value *VisitObjCProtocolExpr(ObjCProtocolExpr *E) {
    return CGF.EmitObjCProtocolExpr(E);
  }
  Value *VisitObjCIvarRefExpr(ObjCIvarRefExpr *E) {
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);
  }
  Value *VisitObjCPropertyRefExpr(ObjCPropertyRefExpr *E) {
    assert(E->getObjectKind() == OK_Ordinary &&
           "reached property reference without lvalue-to-rvalue");
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);
  }
  Value *VisitObjCMessageExpr(ObjCMessageExpr *E) {
    return CGF.EmitObjCMessageExpr(E).getScalarVal();
  }

  Value *VisitObjCIsaExpr(ObjCIsaExpr *E) {
    LValue LV = CGF.EmitObjCIsaExpr(E);
    Value *V = CGF.EmitLoadOfLValue(LV, E->getType()).getScalarVal();
    return V;
  }

  Value *VisitArraySubscriptExpr(ArraySubscriptExpr *E);
  Value *VisitShuffleVectorExpr(ShuffleVectorExpr *E);
  Value *VisitMemberExpr(MemberExpr *E);
  Value *VisitExtVectorElementExpr(Expr *E) { return EmitLoadOfLValue(E); }
  Value *VisitCompoundLiteralExpr(CompoundLiteralExpr *E) {
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);
  }

  Value *VisitInitListExpr(InitListExpr *E);

  Value *VisitImplicitValueInitExpr(const ImplicitValueInitExpr *E) {
    return CGF.CGM.EmitNullConstant(E->getType());
  }
  Value *VisitCastExpr(CastExpr *E) {
    // Make sure to evaluate VLA bounds now so that we have them for later.
    if (E->getType()->isVariablyModifiedType())
      CGF.EmitVLASize(E->getType());

    return EmitCastExpr(E);
  }
  Value *EmitCastExpr(CastExpr *E);

  Value *VisitCallExpr(const CallExpr *E) {
    if (E->getCallReturnType()->isReferenceType())
      return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);

    return CGF.EmitCallExpr(E).getScalarVal();
  }

  Value *VisitStmtExpr(const StmtExpr *E);

  Value *VisitBlockDeclRefExpr(const BlockDeclRefExpr *E);

  // Unary Operators.
  Value *VisitUnaryPostDec(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
    return EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(E, LV, false, false);
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryPostInc(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
    return EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(E, LV, true, false);
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryPreDec(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
    return EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(E, LV, false, true);
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryPreInc(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    LValue LV = EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr());
    return EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(E, LV, true, true);
  }

  llvm::Value *EmitAddConsiderOverflowBehavior(const UnaryOperator *E,
                                               llvm::Value *InVal,
                                               llvm::Value *NextVal,
                                               bool IsInc);

  llvm::Value *EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(const UnaryOperator *E, LValue LV,
                                       bool isInc, bool isPre);


  Value *VisitUnaryAddrOf(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    if (isa<MemberPointerType>(E->getType())) // never sugared
      return CGF.CGM.getMemberPointerConstant(E);

    return EmitLValue(E->getSubExpr()).getAddress();
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryDeref(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    if (E->getType()->isVoidType())
      return Visit(E->getSubExpr()); // the actual value should be unused
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryPlus(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    // This differs from gcc, though, most likely due to a bug in gcc.
    TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
    return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryMinus    (const UnaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitUnaryNot      (const UnaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitUnaryLNot     (const UnaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitUnaryReal     (const UnaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitUnaryImag     (const UnaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitUnaryExtension(const UnaryOperator *E) {
    return Visit(E->getSubExpr());
  }

  // C++
  Value *VisitCXXDefaultArgExpr(CXXDefaultArgExpr *DAE) {
    return Visit(DAE->getExpr());
  }
  Value *VisitCXXThisExpr(CXXThisExpr *TE) {
    return CGF.LoadCXXThis();
  }

  Value *VisitExprWithCleanups(ExprWithCleanups *E) {
    return CGF.EmitExprWithCleanups(E).getScalarVal();
  }
  Value *VisitCXXNewExpr(const CXXNewExpr *E) {
    return CGF.EmitCXXNewExpr(E);
  }
  Value *VisitCXXDeleteExpr(const CXXDeleteExpr *E) {
    CGF.EmitCXXDeleteExpr(E);
    return 0;
  }
  Value *VisitUnaryTypeTraitExpr(const UnaryTypeTraitExpr *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(Builder.getInt1Ty(), E->getValue());
  }

  Value *VisitBinaryTypeTraitExpr(const BinaryTypeTraitExpr *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(ConvertType(E->getType()), E->getValue());
  }

  Value *VisitCXXPseudoDestructorExpr(const CXXPseudoDestructorExpr *E) {
    // C++ [expr.pseudo]p1:
    //   The result shall only be used as the operand for the function call
    //   operator (), and the result of such a call has type void. The only
    //   effect is the evaluation of the postfix-expression before the dot or
    //   arrow.
    CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
    return 0;
  }

  Value *VisitCXXNullPtrLiteralExpr(const CXXNullPtrLiteralExpr *E) {
    return EmitNullValue(E->getType());
  }

  Value *VisitCXXThrowExpr(const CXXThrowExpr *E) {
    CGF.EmitCXXThrowExpr(E);
    return 0;
  }

  Value *VisitCXXNoexceptExpr(const CXXNoexceptExpr *E) {
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(Builder.getInt1Ty(), E->getValue());
  }

  // Binary Operators.
  Value *EmitMul(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
    if (Ops.Ty->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
      switch (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().getSignedOverflowBehavior()) {
      case LangOptions::SOB_Undefined:
        return Builder.CreateNSWMul(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "mul");
      case LangOptions::SOB_Defined:
        return Builder.CreateMul(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "mul");
      case LangOptions::SOB_Trapping:
        return EmitOverflowCheckedBinOp(Ops);
      }
    }

    if (Ops.LHS->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy())
      return Builder.CreateFMul(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "mul");
    return Builder.CreateMul(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "mul");
  }
  bool isTrapvOverflowBehavior() {
    return CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().getSignedOverflowBehavior()
               == LangOptions::SOB_Trapping;
  }
  /// Create a binary op that checks for overflow.
  /// Currently only supports +, - and *.
  Value *EmitOverflowCheckedBinOp(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  // Emit the overflow BB when -ftrapv option is activated.
  void EmitOverflowBB(llvm::BasicBlock *overflowBB) {
    Builder.SetInsertPoint(overflowBB);
    llvm::Function *Trap = CGF.CGM.getIntrinsic(llvm::Intrinsic::trap);
    Builder.CreateCall(Trap);
    Builder.CreateUnreachable();
  }
  // Check for undefined division and modulus behaviors.
  void EmitUndefinedBehaviorIntegerDivAndRemCheck(const BinOpInfo &Ops,
                                                  llvm::Value *Zero,bool isDiv);
  Value *EmitDiv(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  Value *EmitRem(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  Value *EmitAdd(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  Value *EmitSub(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  Value *EmitShl(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  Value *EmitShr(const BinOpInfo &Ops);
  Value *EmitAnd(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
    return Builder.CreateAnd(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "and");
  }
  Value *EmitXor(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
    return Builder.CreateXor(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "xor");
  }
  Value *EmitOr (const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
    return Builder.CreateOr(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "or");
  }

  BinOpInfo EmitBinOps(const BinaryOperator *E);
  LValue EmitCompoundAssignLValue(const CompoundAssignOperator *E,
                            Value *(ScalarExprEmitter::*F)(const BinOpInfo &),
                                  Value *&Result);

  Value *EmitCompoundAssign(const CompoundAssignOperator *E,
                            Value *(ScalarExprEmitter::*F)(const BinOpInfo &));

  // Binary operators and binary compound assignment operators.
#define HANDLEBINOP(OP) \
  Value *VisitBin ## OP(const BinaryOperator *E) {                         \
    return Emit ## OP(EmitBinOps(E));                                      \
  }                                                                        \
  Value *VisitBin ## OP ## Assign(const CompoundAssignOperator *E) {       \
    return EmitCompoundAssign(E, &ScalarExprEmitter::Emit ## OP);          \
  }
  HANDLEBINOP(Mul)
  HANDLEBINOP(Div)
  HANDLEBINOP(Rem)
  HANDLEBINOP(Add)
  HANDLEBINOP(Sub)
  HANDLEBINOP(Shl)
  HANDLEBINOP(Shr)
  HANDLEBINOP(And)
  HANDLEBINOP(Xor)
  HANDLEBINOP(Or)
#undef HANDLEBINOP

  // Comparisons.
  Value *EmitCompare(const BinaryOperator *E, unsigned UICmpOpc,
                     unsigned SICmpOpc, unsigned FCmpOpc);
#define VISITCOMP(CODE, UI, SI, FP) \
    Value *VisitBin##CODE(const BinaryOperator *E) { \
      return EmitCompare(E, llvm::ICmpInst::UI, llvm::ICmpInst::SI, \
                         llvm::FCmpInst::FP); }
  VISITCOMP(LT, ICMP_ULT, ICMP_SLT, FCMP_OLT)
  VISITCOMP(GT, ICMP_UGT, ICMP_SGT, FCMP_OGT)
  VISITCOMP(LE, ICMP_ULE, ICMP_SLE, FCMP_OLE)
  VISITCOMP(GE, ICMP_UGE, ICMP_SGE, FCMP_OGE)
  VISITCOMP(EQ, ICMP_EQ , ICMP_EQ , FCMP_OEQ)
  VISITCOMP(NE, ICMP_NE , ICMP_NE , FCMP_UNE)
#undef VISITCOMP

  Value *VisitBinAssign     (const BinaryOperator *E);

  Value *VisitBinLAnd       (const BinaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitBinLOr        (const BinaryOperator *E);
  Value *VisitBinComma      (const BinaryOperator *E);

  Value *VisitBinPtrMemD(const Expr *E) { return EmitLoadOfLValue(E); }
  Value *VisitBinPtrMemI(const Expr *E) { return EmitLoadOfLValue(E); }

  // Other Operators.
  Value *VisitBlockExpr(const BlockExpr *BE);
  Value *VisitAbstractConditionalOperator(const AbstractConditionalOperator *);
  Value *VisitChooseExpr(ChooseExpr *CE);
  Value *VisitVAArgExpr(VAArgExpr *VE);
  Value *VisitObjCStringLiteral(const ObjCStringLiteral *E) {
    return CGF.EmitObjCStringLiteral(E);
  }
};
}  // end anonymous namespace.

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                                Utilities
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// EmitConversionToBool - Convert the specified expression value to a
/// boolean (i1) truth value.  This is equivalent to "Val != 0".
Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitConversionToBool(Value *Src, QualType SrcType) {
  assert(SrcType.isCanonical() && "EmitScalarConversion strips typedefs");

  if (SrcType->isRealFloatingType())
    return EmitFloatToBoolConversion(Src);

  if (const MemberPointerType *MPT = dyn_cast<MemberPointerType>(SrcType))
    return CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberPointerIsNotNull(CGF, Src, MPT);

  assert((SrcType->isIntegerType() || isa<llvm::PointerType>(Src->getType())) &&
         "Unknown scalar type to convert");

  if (isa<llvm::IntegerType>(Src->getType()))
    return EmitIntToBoolConversion(Src);

  assert(isa<llvm::PointerType>(Src->getType()));
  return EmitPointerToBoolConversion(Src);
}

/// EmitScalarConversion - Emit a conversion from the specified type to the
/// specified destination type, both of which are LLVM scalar types.
Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitScalarConversion(Value *Src, QualType SrcType,
                                               QualType DstType) {
  SrcType = CGF.getContext().getCanonicalType(SrcType);
  DstType = CGF.getContext().getCanonicalType(DstType);
  if (SrcType == DstType) return Src;

  if (DstType->isVoidType()) return 0;

  // Handle conversions to bool first, they are special: comparisons against 0.
  if (DstType->isBooleanType())
    return EmitConversionToBool(Src, SrcType);

  const llvm::Type *DstTy = ConvertType(DstType);

  // Ignore conversions like int -> uint.
  if (Src->getType() == DstTy)
    return Src;

  // Handle pointer conversions next: pointers can only be converted to/from
  // other pointers and integers. Check for pointer types in terms of LLVM, as
  // some native types (like Obj-C id) may map to a pointer type.
  if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(DstTy)) {
    // The source value may be an integer, or a pointer.
    if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(Src->getType()))
      return Builder.CreateBitCast(Src, DstTy, "conv");

    assert(SrcType->isIntegerType() && "Not ptr->ptr or int->ptr conversion?");
    // First, convert to the correct width so that we control the kind of
    // extension.
    const llvm::Type *MiddleTy = CGF.IntPtrTy;
    bool InputSigned = SrcType->isSignedIntegerType();
    llvm::Value* IntResult =
        Builder.CreateIntCast(Src, MiddleTy, InputSigned, "conv");
    // Then, cast to pointer.
    return Builder.CreateIntToPtr(IntResult, DstTy, "conv");
  }

  if (isa<llvm::PointerType>(Src->getType())) {
    // Must be an ptr to int cast.
    assert(isa<llvm::IntegerType>(DstTy) && "not ptr->int?");
    return Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Src, DstTy, "conv");
  }

  // A scalar can be splatted to an extended vector of the same element type
  if (DstType->isExtVectorType() && !SrcType->isVectorType()) {
    // Cast the scalar to element type
    QualType EltTy = DstType->getAs<ExtVectorType>()->getElementType();
    llvm::Value *Elt = EmitScalarConversion(Src, SrcType, EltTy);

    // Insert the element in element zero of an undef vector
    llvm::Value *UnV = llvm::UndefValue::get(DstTy);
    llvm::Value *Idx = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 0);
    UnV = Builder.CreateInsertElement(UnV, Elt, Idx, "tmp");

    // Splat the element across to all elements
    llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> Args;
    unsigned NumElements = cast<llvm::VectorType>(DstTy)->getNumElements();
    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumElements; ++i)
      Args.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 0));

    llvm::Constant *Mask = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Args);
    llvm::Value *Yay = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(UnV, UnV, Mask, "splat");
    return Yay;
  }

  // Allow bitcast from vector to integer/fp of the same size.
  if (isa<llvm::VectorType>(Src->getType()) ||
      isa<llvm::VectorType>(DstTy))
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(Src, DstTy, "conv");

  // Finally, we have the arithmetic types: real int/float.
  if (isa<llvm::IntegerType>(Src->getType())) {
    bool InputSigned = SrcType->isSignedIntegerType();
    if (isa<llvm::IntegerType>(DstTy))
      return Builder.CreateIntCast(Src, DstTy, InputSigned, "conv");
    else if (InputSigned)
      return Builder.CreateSIToFP(Src, DstTy, "conv");
    else
      return Builder.CreateUIToFP(Src, DstTy, "conv");
  }

  assert(Src->getType()->isFloatingPointTy() && "Unknown real conversion");
  if (isa<llvm::IntegerType>(DstTy)) {
    if (DstType->isSignedIntegerType())
      return Builder.CreateFPToSI(Src, DstTy, "conv");
    else
      return Builder.CreateFPToUI(Src, DstTy, "conv");
  }

  assert(DstTy->isFloatingPointTy() && "Unknown real conversion");
  if (DstTy->getTypeID() < Src->getType()->getTypeID())
    return Builder.CreateFPTrunc(Src, DstTy, "conv");
  else
    return Builder.CreateFPExt(Src, DstTy, "conv");
}

/// EmitComplexToScalarConversion - Emit a conversion from the specified complex
/// type to the specified destination type, where the destination type is an
/// LLVM scalar type.
Value *ScalarExprEmitter::
EmitComplexToScalarConversion(CodeGenFunction::ComplexPairTy Src,
                              QualType SrcTy, QualType DstTy) {
  // Get the source element type.
  SrcTy = SrcTy->getAs<ComplexType>()->getElementType();

  // Handle conversions to bool first, they are special: comparisons against 0.
  if (DstTy->isBooleanType()) {
    //  Complex != 0  -> (Real != 0) | (Imag != 0)
    Src.first  = EmitScalarConversion(Src.first, SrcTy, DstTy);
    Src.second = EmitScalarConversion(Src.second, SrcTy, DstTy);
    return Builder.CreateOr(Src.first, Src.second, "tobool");
  }

  // C99 6.3.1.7p2: "When a value of complex type is converted to a real type,
  // the imaginary part of the complex value is discarded and the value of the
  // real part is converted according to the conversion rules for the
  // corresponding real type.
  return EmitScalarConversion(Src.first, SrcTy, DstTy);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitNullValue(QualType Ty) {
  if (const MemberPointerType *MPT = Ty->getAs<MemberPointerType>())
    return CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitNullMemberPointer(MPT);

  return llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ConvertType(Ty));
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                            Visitor Methods
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitExpr(Expr *E) {
  CGF.ErrorUnsupported(E, "scalar expression");
  if (E->getType()->isVoidType())
    return 0;
  return llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.ConvertType(E->getType()));
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitShuffleVectorExpr(ShuffleVectorExpr *E) {
  // Vector Mask Case
  if (E->getNumSubExprs() == 2 ||
      (E->getNumSubExprs() == 3 && E->getExpr(2)->getType()->isVectorType())) {
    Value *LHS = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getExpr(0));
    Value *RHS = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getExpr(1));
    Value *Mask;

    const llvm::VectorType *LTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(LHS->getType());
    unsigned LHSElts = LTy->getNumElements();

    if (E->getNumSubExprs() == 3) {
      Mask = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getExpr(2));

      // Shuffle LHS & RHS into one input vector.
      llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 32> concat;
      for (unsigned i = 0; i != LHSElts; ++i) {
        concat.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 2*i));
        concat.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 2*i+1));
      }

      Value* CV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(concat);
      LHS = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(LHS, RHS, CV, "concat");
      LHSElts *= 2;
    } else {
      Mask = RHS;
    }

    const llvm::VectorType *MTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(Mask->getType());
    llvm::Constant* EltMask;

    // Treat vec3 like vec4.
    if ((LHSElts == 6) && (E->getNumSubExprs() == 3))
      EltMask = llvm::ConstantInt::get(MTy->getElementType(),
                                       (1 << llvm::Log2_32(LHSElts+2))-1);
    else if ((LHSElts == 3) && (E->getNumSubExprs() == 2))
      EltMask = llvm::ConstantInt::get(MTy->getElementType(),
                                       (1 << llvm::Log2_32(LHSElts+1))-1);
    else
      EltMask = llvm::ConstantInt::get(MTy->getElementType(),
                                       (1 << llvm::Log2_32(LHSElts))-1);

    // Mask off the high bits of each shuffle index.
    llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant *, 32> MaskV;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = MTy->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i)
      MaskV.push_back(EltMask);

    Value* MaskBits = llvm::ConstantVector::get(MaskV);
    Mask = Builder.CreateAnd(Mask, MaskBits, "mask");

    // newv = undef
    // mask = mask & maskbits
    // for each elt
    //   n = extract mask i
    //   x = extract val n
    //   newv = insert newv, x, i
    const llvm::VectorType *RTy = llvm::VectorType::get(LTy->getElementType(),
                                                        MTy->getNumElements());
    Value* NewV = llvm::UndefValue::get(RTy);
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = MTy->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i) {
      Value *Indx = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, i);
      Indx = Builder.CreateExtractElement(Mask, Indx, "shuf_idx");
      Indx = Builder.CreateZExt(Indx, CGF.Int32Ty, "idx_zext");

      // Handle vec3 special since the index will be off by one for the RHS.
      if ((LHSElts == 6) && (E->getNumSubExprs() == 3)) {
        Value *cmpIndx, *newIndx;
        cmpIndx = Builder.CreateICmpUGT(Indx,
                                        llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 3),
                                        "cmp_shuf_idx");
        newIndx = Builder.CreateSub(Indx, llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty,1),
                                    "shuf_idx_adj");
        Indx = Builder.CreateSelect(cmpIndx, newIndx, Indx, "sel_shuf_idx");
      }
      Value *VExt = Builder.CreateExtractElement(LHS, Indx, "shuf_elt");
      NewV = Builder.CreateInsertElement(NewV, VExt, Indx, "shuf_ins");
    }
    return NewV;
  }

  Value* V1 = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getExpr(0));
  Value* V2 = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getExpr(1));

  // Handle vec3 special since the index will be off by one for the RHS.
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 32> indices;
  for (unsigned i = 2; i < E->getNumSubExprs(); i++) {
    llvm::Constant *C = cast<llvm::Constant>(CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getExpr(i)));
    const llvm::VectorType *VTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(V1->getType());
    if (VTy->getNumElements() == 3) {
      if (llvm::ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(C)) {
        uint64_t cVal = CI->getZExtValue();
        if (cVal > 3) {
          C = llvm::ConstantInt::get(C->getType(), cVal-1);
        }
      }
    }
    indices.push_back(C);
  }

  Value *SV = llvm::ConstantVector::get(indices);
  return Builder.CreateShuffleVector(V1, V2, SV, "shuffle");
}
Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitMemberExpr(MemberExpr *E) {
  Expr::EvalResult Result;
  if (E->Evaluate(Result, CGF.getContext()) && Result.Val.isInt()) {
    if (E->isArrow())
      CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getBase());
    else
      EmitLValue(E->getBase());
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext, Result.Val.getInt());
  }

  // Emit debug info for aggregate now, if it was delayed to reduce
  // debug info size.
  CGDebugInfo *DI = CGF.getDebugInfo();
  if (DI && CGF.CGM.getCodeGenOpts().LimitDebugInfo) {
    QualType PQTy = E->getBase()->IgnoreParenImpCasts()->getType();
    if (const PointerType * PTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(PQTy))
      if (FieldDecl *M = dyn_cast<FieldDecl>(E->getMemberDecl()))
        DI->getOrCreateRecordType(PTy->getPointeeType(),
                                  M->getParent()->getLocation());
  }
  return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitArraySubscriptExpr(ArraySubscriptExpr *E) {
  TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();

  // Emit subscript expressions in rvalue context's.  For most cases, this just
  // loads the lvalue formed by the subscript expr.  However, we have to be
  // careful, because the base of a vector subscript is occasionally an rvalue,
  // so we can't get it as an lvalue.
  if (!E->getBase()->getType()->isVectorType())
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(E);

  // Handle the vector case.  The base must be a vector, the index must be an
  // integer value.
  Value *Base = Visit(E->getBase());
  Value *Idx  = Visit(E->getIdx());
  bool IdxSigned = E->getIdx()->getType()->isSignedIntegerType();
  Idx = Builder.CreateIntCast(Idx, CGF.Int32Ty, IdxSigned, "vecidxcast");
  return Builder.CreateExtractElement(Base, Idx, "vecext");
}

static llvm::Constant *getMaskElt(llvm::ShuffleVectorInst *SVI, unsigned Idx,
                                  unsigned Off, const llvm::Type *I32Ty) {
  int MV = SVI->getMaskValue(Idx);
  if (MV == -1)
    return llvm::UndefValue::get(I32Ty);
  return llvm::ConstantInt::get(I32Ty, Off+MV);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitInitListExpr(InitListExpr *E) {
  bool Ignore = TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
  (void)Ignore;
  assert (Ignore == false && "init list ignored");
  unsigned NumInitElements = E->getNumInits();

  if (E->hadArrayRangeDesignator())
    CGF.ErrorUnsupported(E, "GNU array range designator extension");

  const llvm::VectorType *VType =
    dyn_cast<llvm::VectorType>(ConvertType(E->getType()));

  // We have a scalar in braces. Just use the first element.
  if (!VType)
    return Visit(E->getInit(0));

  unsigned ResElts = VType->getNumElements();

  // Loop over initializers collecting the Value for each, and remembering
  // whether the source was swizzle (ExtVectorElementExpr).  This will allow
  // us to fold the shuffle for the swizzle into the shuffle for the vector
  // initializer, since LLVM optimizers generally do not want to touch
  // shuffles.
  unsigned CurIdx = 0;
  bool VIsUndefShuffle = false;
  llvm::Value *V = llvm::UndefValue::get(VType);
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumInitElements; ++i) {
    Expr *IE = E->getInit(i);
    Value *Init = Visit(IE);
    llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> Args;

    const llvm::VectorType *VVT = dyn_cast<llvm::VectorType>(Init->getType());

    // Handle scalar elements.  If the scalar initializer is actually one
    // element of a different vector of the same width, use shuffle instead of
    // extract+insert.
    if (!VVT) {
      if (isa<ExtVectorElementExpr>(IE)) {
        llvm::ExtractElementInst *EI = cast<llvm::ExtractElementInst>(Init);

        if (EI->getVectorOperandType()->getNumElements() == ResElts) {
          llvm::ConstantInt *C = cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(EI->getIndexOperand());
          Value *LHS = 0, *RHS = 0;
          if (CurIdx == 0) {
            // insert into undef -> shuffle (src, undef)
            Args.push_back(C);
            for (unsigned j = 1; j != ResElts; ++j)
              Args.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.Int32Ty));

            LHS = EI->getVectorOperand();
            RHS = V;
            VIsUndefShuffle = true;
          } else if (VIsUndefShuffle) {
            // insert into undefshuffle && size match -> shuffle (v, src)
            llvm::ShuffleVectorInst *SVV = cast<llvm::ShuffleVectorInst>(V);
            for (unsigned j = 0; j != CurIdx; ++j)
              Args.push_back(getMaskElt(SVV, j, 0, CGF.Int32Ty));
            Args.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty,
                                                  ResElts + C->getZExtValue()));
            for (unsigned j = CurIdx + 1; j != ResElts; ++j)
              Args.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.Int32Ty));

            LHS = cast<llvm::ShuffleVectorInst>(V)->getOperand(0);
            RHS = EI->getVectorOperand();
            VIsUndefShuffle = false;
          }
          if (!Args.empty()) {
            llvm::Constant *Mask = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Args);
            V = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(LHS, RHS, Mask);
            ++CurIdx;
            continue;
          }
        }
      }
      Value *Idx = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, CurIdx);
      V = Builder.CreateInsertElement(V, Init, Idx, "vecinit");
      VIsUndefShuffle = false;
      ++CurIdx;
      continue;
    }

    unsigned InitElts = VVT->getNumElements();

    // If the initializer is an ExtVecEltExpr (a swizzle), and the swizzle's
    // input is the same width as the vector being constructed, generate an
    // optimized shuffle of the swizzle input into the result.
    unsigned Offset = (CurIdx == 0) ? 0 : ResElts;
    if (isa<ExtVectorElementExpr>(IE)) {
      llvm::ShuffleVectorInst *SVI = cast<llvm::ShuffleVectorInst>(Init);
      Value *SVOp = SVI->getOperand(0);
      const llvm::VectorType *OpTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(SVOp->getType());

      if (OpTy->getNumElements() == ResElts) {
        for (unsigned j = 0; j != CurIdx; ++j) {
          // If the current vector initializer is a shuffle with undef, merge
          // this shuffle directly into it.
          if (VIsUndefShuffle) {
            Args.push_back(getMaskElt(cast<llvm::ShuffleVectorInst>(V), j, 0,
                                      CGF.Int32Ty));
          } else {
            Args.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, j));
          }
        }
        for (unsigned j = 0, je = InitElts; j != je; ++j)
          Args.push_back(getMaskElt(SVI, j, Offset, CGF.Int32Ty));
        for (unsigned j = CurIdx + InitElts; j != ResElts; ++j)
          Args.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.Int32Ty));

        if (VIsUndefShuffle)
          V = cast<llvm::ShuffleVectorInst>(V)->getOperand(0);

        Init = SVOp;
      }
    }

    // Extend init to result vector length, and then shuffle its contribution
    // to the vector initializer into V.
    if (Args.empty()) {
      for (unsigned j = 0; j != InitElts; ++j)
        Args.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, j));
      for (unsigned j = InitElts; j != ResElts; ++j)
        Args.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.Int32Ty));
      llvm::Constant *Mask = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Args);
      Init = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(Init, llvm::UndefValue::get(VVT),
                                         Mask, "vext");

      Args.clear();
      for (unsigned j = 0; j != CurIdx; ++j)
        Args.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, j));
      for (unsigned j = 0; j != InitElts; ++j)
        Args.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, j+Offset));
      for (unsigned j = CurIdx + InitElts; j != ResElts; ++j)
        Args.push_back(llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.Int32Ty));
    }

    // If V is undef, make sure it ends up on the RHS of the shuffle to aid
    // merging subsequent shuffles into this one.
    if (CurIdx == 0)
      std::swap(V, Init);
    llvm::Constant *Mask = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Args);
    V = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(V, Init, Mask, "vecinit");
    VIsUndefShuffle = isa<llvm::UndefValue>(Init);
    CurIdx += InitElts;
  }

  // FIXME: evaluate codegen vs. shuffling against constant null vector.
  // Emit remaining default initializers.
  const llvm::Type *EltTy = VType->getElementType();

  // Emit remaining default initializers
  for (/* Do not initialize i*/; CurIdx < ResElts; ++CurIdx) {
    Value *Idx = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, CurIdx);
    llvm::Value *Init = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(EltTy);
    V = Builder.CreateInsertElement(V, Init, Idx, "vecinit");
  }
  return V;
}

static bool ShouldNullCheckClassCastValue(const CastExpr *CE) {
  const Expr *E = CE->getSubExpr();

  if (CE->getCastKind() == CK_UncheckedDerivedToBase)
    return false;

  if (isa<CXXThisExpr>(E)) {
    // We always assume that 'this' is never null.
    return false;
  }

  if (const ImplicitCastExpr *ICE = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(CE)) {
    // And that glvalue casts are never null.
    if (ICE->getValueKind() != VK_RValue)
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

// VisitCastExpr - Emit code for an explicit or implicit cast.  Implicit casts
// have to handle a more broad range of conversions than explicit casts, as they
// handle things like function to ptr-to-function decay etc.
Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitCastExpr(CastExpr *CE) {
  Expr *E = CE->getSubExpr();
  QualType DestTy = CE->getType();
  CastKind Kind = CE->getCastKind();

  if (!DestTy->isVoidType())
    TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();

  // Since almost all cast kinds apply to scalars, this switch doesn't have
  // a default case, so the compiler will warn on a missing case.  The cases
  // are in the same order as in the CastKind enum.
  switch (Kind) {
  case CK_Dependent: llvm_unreachable("dependent cast kind in IR gen!");

  case CK_LValueBitCast:
  case CK_ObjCObjectLValueCast: {
    Value *V = EmitLValue(E).getAddress();
    V = Builder.CreateBitCast(V,
                          ConvertType(CGF.getContext().getPointerType(DestTy)));
    return EmitLoadOfLValue(CGF.MakeAddrLValue(V, DestTy), DestTy);
  }

  case CK_AnyPointerToObjCPointerCast:
  case CK_AnyPointerToBlockPointerCast:
  case CK_BitCast: {
    Value *Src = Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(Src, ConvertType(DestTy));
  }
  case CK_NoOp:
  case CK_UserDefinedConversion:
    return Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));

  case CK_BaseToDerived: {
    const CXXRecordDecl *DerivedClassDecl =
      DestTy->getCXXRecordDeclForPointerType();

    return CGF.GetAddressOfDerivedClass(Visit(E), DerivedClassDecl,
                                        CE->path_begin(), CE->path_end(),
                                        ShouldNullCheckClassCastValue(CE));
  }
  case CK_UncheckedDerivedToBase:
  case CK_DerivedToBase: {
    const RecordType *DerivedClassTy =
      E->getType()->getAs<PointerType>()->getPointeeType()->getAs<RecordType>();
    CXXRecordDecl *DerivedClassDecl =
      cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DerivedClassTy->getDecl());

    return CGF.GetAddressOfBaseClass(Visit(E), DerivedClassDecl,
                                     CE->path_begin(), CE->path_end(),
                                     ShouldNullCheckClassCastValue(CE));
  }
  case CK_Dynamic: {
    Value *V = Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));
    const CXXDynamicCastExpr *DCE = cast<CXXDynamicCastExpr>(CE);
    return CGF.EmitDynamicCast(V, DCE);
  }

  case CK_ArrayToPointerDecay: {
    assert(E->getType()->isArrayType() &&
           "Array to pointer decay must have array source type!");

    Value *V = EmitLValue(E).getAddress();  // Bitfields can't be arrays.

    // Note that VLA pointers are always decayed, so we don't need to do
    // anything here.
    if (!E->getType()->isVariableArrayType()) {
      assert(isa<llvm::PointerType>(V->getType()) && "Expected pointer");
      assert(isa<llvm::ArrayType>(cast<llvm::PointerType>(V->getType())
                                 ->getElementType()) &&
             "Expected pointer to array");
      V = Builder.CreateStructGEP(V, 0, "arraydecay");
    }

    return V;
  }
  case CK_FunctionToPointerDecay:
    return EmitLValue(E).getAddress();

  case CK_NullToPointer:
    if (MustVisitNullValue(E))
      (void) Visit(E);

    return llvm::ConstantPointerNull::get(
                               cast<llvm::PointerType>(ConvertType(DestTy)));

  case CK_NullToMemberPointer: {
    if (MustVisitNullValue(E))
      (void) Visit(E);

    const MemberPointerType *MPT = CE->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>();
    return CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitNullMemberPointer(MPT);
  }

  case CK_BaseToDerivedMemberPointer:
  case CK_DerivedToBaseMemberPointer: {
    Value *Src = Visit(E);

    // Note that the AST doesn't distinguish between checked and
    // unchecked member pointer conversions, so we always have to
    // implement checked conversions here.  This is inefficient when
    // actual control flow may be required in order to perform the
    // check, which it is for data member pointers (but not member
    // function pointers on Itanium and ARM).
    return CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberPointerConversion(CGF, CE, Src);
  }

  case CK_FloatingRealToComplex:
  case CK_FloatingComplexCast:
  case CK_IntegralRealToComplex:
  case CK_IntegralComplexCast:
  case CK_IntegralComplexToFloatingComplex:
  case CK_FloatingComplexToIntegralComplex:
  case CK_ConstructorConversion:
  case CK_ToUnion:
    llvm_unreachable("scalar cast to non-scalar value");
    break;

  case CK_GetObjCProperty: {
    assert(CGF.getContext().hasSameUnqualifiedType(E->getType(), DestTy));
    assert(E->isGLValue() && E->getObjectKind() == OK_ObjCProperty &&
           "CK_GetObjCProperty for non-lvalue or non-ObjCProperty");
    RValue RV = CGF.EmitLoadOfLValue(CGF.EmitLValue(E), E->getType());
    return RV.getScalarVal();
  }

  case CK_LValueToRValue:
    assert(CGF.getContext().hasSameUnqualifiedType(E->getType(), DestTy));
    assert(E->isGLValue() && "lvalue-to-rvalue applied to r-value!");
    return Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));

  case CK_IntegralToPointer: {
    Value *Src = Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));

    // First, convert to the correct width so that we control the kind of
    // extension.
    const llvm::Type *MiddleTy = CGF.IntPtrTy;
    bool InputSigned = E->getType()->isSignedIntegerType();
    llvm::Value* IntResult =
      Builder.CreateIntCast(Src, MiddleTy, InputSigned, "conv");

    return Builder.CreateIntToPtr(IntResult, ConvertType(DestTy));
  }
  case CK_PointerToIntegral: {
    Value *Src = Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));

    // Handle conversion to bool correctly.
    if (DestTy->isBooleanType())
      return EmitScalarConversion(Src, E->getType(), DestTy);

    return Builder.CreatePtrToInt(Src, ConvertType(DestTy));
  }
  case CK_ToVoid: {
    CGF.EmitIgnoredExpr(E);
    return 0;
  }
  case CK_VectorSplat: {
    const llvm::Type *DstTy = ConvertType(DestTy);
    Value *Elt = Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));

    // Insert the element in element zero of an undef vector
    llvm::Value *UnV = llvm::UndefValue::get(DstTy);
    llvm::Value *Idx = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 0);
    UnV = Builder.CreateInsertElement(UnV, Elt, Idx, "tmp");

    // Splat the element across to all elements
    llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Constant*, 16> Args;
    unsigned NumElements = cast<llvm::VectorType>(DstTy)->getNumElements();
    llvm::Constant *Zero = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, 0);
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumElements; i++)
      Args.push_back(Zero);

    llvm::Constant *Mask = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Args);
    llvm::Value *Yay = Builder.CreateShuffleVector(UnV, UnV, Mask, "splat");
    return Yay;
  }

  case CK_IntegralCast:
  case CK_IntegralToFloating:
  case CK_FloatingToIntegral:
  case CK_FloatingCast:
    return EmitScalarConversion(Visit(E), E->getType(), DestTy);

  case CK_IntegralToBoolean:
    return EmitIntToBoolConversion(Visit(E));
  case CK_PointerToBoolean:
    return EmitPointerToBoolConversion(Visit(E));
  case CK_FloatingToBoolean:
    return EmitFloatToBoolConversion(Visit(E));
  case CK_MemberPointerToBoolean: {
    llvm::Value *MemPtr = Visit(E);
    const MemberPointerType *MPT = E->getType()->getAs<MemberPointerType>();
    return CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberPointerIsNotNull(CGF, MemPtr, MPT);
  }

  case CK_FloatingComplexToReal:
  case CK_IntegralComplexToReal:
    return CGF.EmitComplexExpr(E, false, true).first;

  case CK_FloatingComplexToBoolean:
  case CK_IntegralComplexToBoolean: {
    CodeGenFunction::ComplexPairTy V = CGF.EmitComplexExpr(E);

    // TODO: kill this function off, inline appropriate case here
    return EmitComplexToScalarConversion(V, E->getType(), DestTy);
  }

  }

  llvm_unreachable("unknown scalar cast");
  return 0;
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitStmtExpr(const StmtExpr *E) {
  CodeGenFunction::StmtExprEvaluation eval(CGF);
  return CGF.EmitCompoundStmt(*E->getSubStmt(), !E->getType()->isVoidType())
    .getScalarVal();
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitBlockDeclRefExpr(const BlockDeclRefExpr *E) {
  llvm::Value *V = CGF.GetAddrOfBlockDecl(E);
  if (E->getType().isObjCGCWeak())
    return CGF.CGM.getObjCRuntime().EmitObjCWeakRead(CGF, V);
  return CGF.EmitLoadOfScalar(V, false, 0, E->getType());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                             Unary Operators
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

llvm::Value *ScalarExprEmitter::
EmitAddConsiderOverflowBehavior(const UnaryOperator *E,
                                llvm::Value *InVal,
                                llvm::Value *NextVal, bool IsInc) {
  switch (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().getSignedOverflowBehavior()) {
  case LangOptions::SOB_Undefined:
    return Builder.CreateNSWAdd(InVal, NextVal, IsInc ? "inc" : "dec");
    break;
  case LangOptions::SOB_Defined:
    return Builder.CreateAdd(InVal, NextVal, IsInc ? "inc" : "dec");
    break;
  case LangOptions::SOB_Trapping:
    BinOpInfo BinOp;
    BinOp.LHS = InVal;
    BinOp.RHS = NextVal;
    BinOp.Ty = E->getType();
    BinOp.Opcode = BO_Add;
    BinOp.E = E;
    return EmitOverflowCheckedBinOp(BinOp);
    break;
  }
  assert(false && "Unknown SignedOverflowBehaviorTy");
  return 0;
}

llvm::Value *
ScalarExprEmitter::EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(const UnaryOperator *E, LValue LV,
                                           bool isInc, bool isPre) {

  QualType type = E->getSubExpr()->getType();
  llvm::Value *value = EmitLoadOfLValue(LV, type);
  llvm::Value *input = value;

  int amount = (isInc ? 1 : -1);

  // Special case of integer increment that we have to check first: bool++.
  // Due to promotion rules, we get:
  //   bool++ -> bool = bool + 1
  //          -> bool = (int)bool + 1
  //          -> bool = ((int)bool + 1 != 0)
  // An interesting aspect of this is that increment is always true.
  // Decrement does not have this property.
  if (isInc && type->isBooleanType()) {
    value = Builder.getTrue();

  // Most common case by far: integer increment.
  } else if (type->isIntegerType()) {

    llvm::Value *amt = llvm::ConstantInt::get(value->getType(), amount);

    // Note that signed integer inc/dec with width less than int can't
    // overflow because of promotion rules; we're just eliding a few steps here.
    if (type->isSignedIntegerType() &&
        value->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() >=
            CGF.CGM.IntTy->getBitWidth())
      value = EmitAddConsiderOverflowBehavior(E, value, amt, isInc);
    else
      value = Builder.CreateAdd(value, amt, isInc ? "inc" : "dec");

  // Next most common: pointer increment.
  } else if (const PointerType *ptr = type->getAs<PointerType>()) {
    QualType type = ptr->getPointeeType();

    // VLA types don't have constant size.
    if (type->isVariableArrayType()) {
      llvm::Value *vlaSize =
        CGF.GetVLASize(CGF.getContext().getAsVariableArrayType(type));
      value = CGF.EmitCastToVoidPtr(value);
      if (!isInc) vlaSize = Builder.CreateNSWNeg(vlaSize, "vla.negsize");
      if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().isSignedOverflowDefined())
        value = Builder.CreateGEP(value, vlaSize, "vla.inc");
      else
        value = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(value, vlaSize, "vla.inc");
      value = Builder.CreateBitCast(value, input->getType());

    // Arithmetic on function pointers (!) is just +-1.
    } else if (type->isFunctionType()) {
      llvm::Value *amt = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, amount);

      value = CGF.EmitCastToVoidPtr(value);
      if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().isSignedOverflowDefined())
        value = Builder.CreateGEP(value, amt, "incdec.funcptr");
      else
        value = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(value, amt, "incdec.funcptr");
      value = Builder.CreateBitCast(value, input->getType());

    // For everything else, we can just do a simple increment.
    } else {
      llvm::Value *amt = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, amount);
      if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().isSignedOverflowDefined())
        value = Builder.CreateGEP(value, amt, "incdec.ptr");
      else
        value = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(value, amt, "incdec.ptr");
    }

  // Vector increment/decrement.
  } else if (type->isVectorType()) {
    if (type->hasIntegerRepresentation()) {
      llvm::Value *amt = llvm::ConstantInt::get(value->getType(), amount);

      if (type->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation())
        value = EmitAddConsiderOverflowBehavior(E, value, amt, isInc);
      else
        value = Builder.CreateAdd(value, amt, isInc ? "inc" : "dec");
    } else {
      value = Builder.CreateFAdd(
                  value,
                  llvm::ConstantFP::get(value->getType(), amount),
                  isInc ? "inc" : "dec");
    }

  // Floating point.
  } else if (type->isRealFloatingType()) {
    // Add the inc/dec to the real part.
    llvm::Value *amt;
    if (value->getType()->isFloatTy())
      amt = llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext,
                                  llvm::APFloat(static_cast<float>(amount)));
    else if (value->getType()->isDoubleTy())
      amt = llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext,
                                  llvm::APFloat(static_cast<double>(amount)));
    else {
      llvm::APFloat F(static_cast<float>(amount));
      bool ignored;
      F.convert(CGF.Target.getLongDoubleFormat(), llvm::APFloat::rmTowardZero,
                &ignored);
      amt = llvm::ConstantFP::get(VMContext, F);
    }
    value = Builder.CreateFAdd(value, amt, isInc ? "inc" : "dec");

  // Objective-C pointer types.
  } else {
    const ObjCObjectPointerType *OPT = type->castAs<ObjCObjectPointerType>();
    value = CGF.EmitCastToVoidPtr(value);

    CharUnits size = CGF.getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(OPT->getObjectType());
    if (!isInc) size = -size;
    llvm::Value *sizeValue =
      llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.SizeTy, size.getQuantity());

    if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().isSignedOverflowDefined())
      value = Builder.CreateGEP(value, sizeValue, "incdec.objptr");
    else
      value = Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(value, sizeValue, "incdec.objptr");
    value = Builder.CreateBitCast(value, input->getType());
  }

  // Store the updated result through the lvalue.
  if (LV.isBitField())
    CGF.EmitStoreThroughBitfieldLValue(RValue::get(value), LV, type, &value);
  else
    CGF.EmitStoreThroughLValue(RValue::get(value), LV, type);

  // If this is a postinc, return the value read from memory, otherwise use the
  // updated value.
  return isPre ? value : input;
}



Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitUnaryMinus(const UnaryOperator *E) {
  TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
  // Emit unary minus with EmitSub so we handle overflow cases etc.
  BinOpInfo BinOp;
  BinOp.RHS = Visit(E->getSubExpr());

  if (BinOp.RHS->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy())
    BinOp.LHS = llvm::ConstantFP::getZeroValueForNegation(BinOp.RHS->getType());
  else
    BinOp.LHS = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(BinOp.RHS->getType());
  BinOp.Ty = E->getType();
  BinOp.Opcode = BO_Sub;
  BinOp.E = E;
  return EmitSub(BinOp);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitUnaryNot(const UnaryOperator *E) {
  TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
  Value *Op = Visit(E->getSubExpr());
  return Builder.CreateNot(Op, "neg");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitUnaryLNot(const UnaryOperator *E) {
  // Compare operand to zero.
  Value *BoolVal = CGF.EvaluateExprAsBool(E->getSubExpr());

  // Invert value.
  // TODO: Could dynamically modify easy computations here.  For example, if
  // the operand is an icmp ne, turn into icmp eq.
  BoolVal = Builder.CreateNot(BoolVal, "lnot");

  // ZExt result to the expr type.
  return Builder.CreateZExt(BoolVal, ConvertType(E->getType()), "lnot.ext");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitOffsetOfExpr(OffsetOfExpr *E) {
  // Try folding the offsetof to a constant.
  Expr::EvalResult EvalResult;
  if (E->Evaluate(EvalResult, CGF.getContext()))
    return llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext, EvalResult.Val.getInt());

  // Loop over the components of the offsetof to compute the value.
  unsigned n = E->getNumComponents();
  const llvm::Type* ResultType = ConvertType(E->getType());
  llvm::Value* Result = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ResultType);
  QualType CurrentType = E->getTypeSourceInfo()->getType();
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
    OffsetOfExpr::OffsetOfNode ON = E->getComponent(i);
    llvm::Value *Offset = 0;
    switch (ON.getKind()) {
    case OffsetOfExpr::OffsetOfNode::Array: {
      // Compute the index
      Expr *IdxExpr = E->getIndexExpr(ON.getArrayExprIndex());
      llvm::Value* Idx = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(IdxExpr);
      bool IdxSigned = IdxExpr->getType()->isSignedIntegerType();
      Idx = Builder.CreateIntCast(Idx, ResultType, IdxSigned, "conv");

      // Save the element type
      CurrentType =
          CGF.getContext().getAsArrayType(CurrentType)->getElementType();

      // Compute the element size
      llvm::Value* ElemSize = llvm::ConstantInt::get(ResultType,
          CGF.getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(CurrentType).getQuantity());

      // Multiply out to compute the result
      Offset = Builder.CreateMul(Idx, ElemSize);
      break;
    }

    case OffsetOfExpr::OffsetOfNode::Field: {
      FieldDecl *MemberDecl = ON.getField();
      RecordDecl *RD = CurrentType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();
      const ASTRecordLayout &RL = CGF.getContext().getASTRecordLayout(RD);

      // Compute the index of the field in its parent.
      unsigned i = 0;
      // FIXME: It would be nice if we didn't have to loop here!
      for (RecordDecl::field_iterator Field = RD->field_begin(),
                                      FieldEnd = RD->field_end();
           Field != FieldEnd; (void)++Field, ++i) {
        if (*Field == MemberDecl)
          break;
      }
      assert(i < RL.getFieldCount() && "offsetof field in wrong type");

      // Compute the offset to the field
      int64_t OffsetInt = RL.getFieldOffset(i) /
                          CGF.getContext().getCharWidth();
      Offset = llvm::ConstantInt::get(ResultType, OffsetInt);

      // Save the element type.
      CurrentType = MemberDecl->getType();
      break;
    }

    case OffsetOfExpr::OffsetOfNode::Identifier:
      llvm_unreachable("dependent __builtin_offsetof");

    case OffsetOfExpr::OffsetOfNode::Base: {
      if (ON.getBase()->isVirtual()) {
        CGF.ErrorUnsupported(E, "virtual base in offsetof");
        continue;
      }

      RecordDecl *RD = CurrentType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();
      const ASTRecordLayout &RL = CGF.getContext().getASTRecordLayout(RD);

      // Save the element type.
      CurrentType = ON.getBase()->getType();

      // Compute the offset to the base.
      const RecordType *BaseRT = CurrentType->getAs<RecordType>();
      CXXRecordDecl *BaseRD = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(BaseRT->getDecl());
      int64_t OffsetInt = RL.getBaseClassOffsetInBits(BaseRD) /
                          CGF.getContext().getCharWidth();
      Offset = llvm::ConstantInt::get(ResultType, OffsetInt);
      break;
    }
    }
    Result = Builder.CreateAdd(Result, Offset);
  }
  return Result;
}

/// VisitSizeOfAlignOfExpr - Return the size or alignment of the type of
/// argument of the sizeof expression as an integer.
Value *
ScalarExprEmitter::VisitSizeOfAlignOfExpr(const SizeOfAlignOfExpr *E) {
  QualType TypeToSize = E->getTypeOfArgument();
  if (E->isSizeOf()) {
    if (const VariableArrayType *VAT =
          CGF.getContext().getAsVariableArrayType(TypeToSize)) {
      if (E->isArgumentType()) {
        // sizeof(type) - make sure to emit the VLA size.
        CGF.EmitVLASize(TypeToSize);
      } else {
        // C99 6.5.3.4p2: If the argument is an expression of type
        // VLA, it is evaluated.
        CGF.EmitIgnoredExpr(E->getArgumentExpr());
      }

      return CGF.GetVLASize(VAT);
    }
  }

  // If this isn't sizeof(vla), the result must be constant; use the constant
  // folding logic so we don't have to duplicate it here.
  Expr::EvalResult Result;
  E->Evaluate(Result, CGF.getContext());
  return llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext, Result.Val.getInt());
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitUnaryReal(const UnaryOperator *E) {
  Expr *Op = E->getSubExpr();
  if (Op->getType()->isAnyComplexType()) {
    // If it's an l-value, load through the appropriate subobject l-value.
    // Note that we have to ask E because Op might be an l-value that
    // this won't work for, e.g. an Obj-C property.
    if (E->isGLValue())
      return CGF.EmitLoadOfLValue(CGF.EmitLValue(E), E->getType())
                .getScalarVal();

    // Otherwise, calculate and project.
    return CGF.EmitComplexExpr(Op, false, true).first;
  }

  return Visit(Op);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitUnaryImag(const UnaryOperator *E) {
  Expr *Op = E->getSubExpr();
  if (Op->getType()->isAnyComplexType()) {
    // If it's an l-value, load through the appropriate subobject l-value.
    // Note that we have to ask E because Op might be an l-value that
    // this won't work for, e.g. an Obj-C property.
    if (Op->isGLValue())
      return CGF.EmitLoadOfLValue(CGF.EmitLValue(E), E->getType())
                .getScalarVal();

    // Otherwise, calculate and project.
    return CGF.EmitComplexExpr(Op, true, false).second;
  }

  // __imag on a scalar returns zero.  Emit the subexpr to ensure side
  // effects are evaluated, but not the actual value.
  CGF.EmitScalarExpr(Op, true);
  return llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ConvertType(E->getType()));
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                           Binary Operators
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

BinOpInfo ScalarExprEmitter::EmitBinOps(const BinaryOperator *E) {
  TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
  BinOpInfo Result;
  Result.LHS = Visit(E->getLHS());
  Result.RHS = Visit(E->getRHS());
  Result.Ty  = E->getType();
  Result.Opcode = E->getOpcode();
  Result.E = E;
  return Result;
}

LValue ScalarExprEmitter::EmitCompoundAssignLValue(
                                              const CompoundAssignOperator *E,
                        Value *(ScalarExprEmitter::*Func)(const BinOpInfo &),
                                                   Value *&Result) {
  QualType LHSTy = E->getLHS()->getType();
  BinOpInfo OpInfo;

  if (E->getComputationResultType()->isAnyComplexType()) {
    // This needs to go through the complex expression emitter, but it's a tad
    // complicated to do that... I'm leaving it out for now.  (Note that we do
    // actually need the imaginary part of the RHS for multiplication and
    // division.)
    CGF.ErrorUnsupported(E, "complex compound assignment");
    Result = llvm::UndefValue::get(CGF.ConvertType(E->getType()));
    return LValue();
  }

  // Emit the RHS first.  __block variables need to have the rhs evaluated
  // first, plus this should improve codegen a little.
  OpInfo.RHS = Visit(E->getRHS());
  OpInfo.Ty = E->getComputationResultType();
  OpInfo.Opcode = E->getOpcode();
  OpInfo.E = E;
  // Load/convert the LHS.
  LValue LHSLV = EmitCheckedLValue(E->getLHS());
  OpInfo.LHS = EmitLoadOfLValue(LHSLV, LHSTy);
  OpInfo.LHS = EmitScalarConversion(OpInfo.LHS, LHSTy,
                                    E->getComputationLHSType());

  // Expand the binary operator.
  Result = (this->*Func)(OpInfo);

  // Convert the result back to the LHS type.
  Result = EmitScalarConversion(Result, E->getComputationResultType(), LHSTy);

  // Store the result value into the LHS lvalue. Bit-fields are handled
  // specially because the result is altered by the store, i.e., [C99 6.5.16p1]
  // 'An assignment expression has the value of the left operand after the
  // assignment...'.
  if (LHSLV.isBitField())
    CGF.EmitStoreThroughBitfieldLValue(RValue::get(Result), LHSLV, LHSTy,
                                       &Result);
  else
    CGF.EmitStoreThroughLValue(RValue::get(Result), LHSLV, LHSTy);

  return LHSLV;
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitCompoundAssign(const CompoundAssignOperator *E,
                      Value *(ScalarExprEmitter::*Func)(const BinOpInfo &)) {
  bool Ignore = TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
  Value *RHS;
  LValue LHS = EmitCompoundAssignLValue(E, Func, RHS);

  // If the result is clearly ignored, return now.
  if (Ignore)
    return 0;

  // The result of an assignment in C is the assigned r-value.
  if (!CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().CPlusPlus)
    return RHS;

  // Objective-C property assignment never reloads the value following a store.
  if (LHS.isPropertyRef())
    return RHS;

  // If the lvalue is non-volatile, return the computed value of the assignment.
  if (!LHS.isVolatileQualified())
    return RHS;

  // Otherwise, reload the value.
  return EmitLoadOfLValue(LHS, E->getType());
}

void ScalarExprEmitter::EmitUndefinedBehaviorIntegerDivAndRemCheck(
     					    const BinOpInfo &Ops,
				     	    llvm::Value *Zero, bool isDiv) {
  llvm::BasicBlock *overflowBB = CGF.createBasicBlock("overflow", CGF.CurFn);
  llvm::BasicBlock *contBB =
    CGF.createBasicBlock(isDiv ? "div.cont" : "rem.cont", CGF.CurFn);

  const llvm::IntegerType *Ty = cast<llvm::IntegerType>(Zero->getType());

  if (Ops.Ty->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
    llvm::Value *IntMin =
      llvm::ConstantInt::get(VMContext,
                             llvm::APInt::getSignedMinValue(Ty->getBitWidth()));
    llvm::Value *NegOne = llvm::ConstantInt::get(Ty, -1ULL);

    llvm::Value *Cond1 = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Ops.RHS, Zero);
    llvm::Value *LHSCmp = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Ops.LHS, IntMin);
    llvm::Value *RHSCmp = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Ops.RHS, NegOne);
    llvm::Value *Cond2 = Builder.CreateAnd(LHSCmp, RHSCmp, "and");
    Builder.CreateCondBr(Builder.CreateOr(Cond1, Cond2, "or"),
                         overflowBB, contBB);
  } else {
    CGF.Builder.CreateCondBr(Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Ops.RHS, Zero),
                             overflowBB, contBB);
  }
  EmitOverflowBB(overflowBB);
  Builder.SetInsertPoint(contBB);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitDiv(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  if (isTrapvOverflowBehavior()) {
    llvm::Value *Zero = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ConvertType(Ops.Ty));

    if (Ops.Ty->isIntegerType())
      EmitUndefinedBehaviorIntegerDivAndRemCheck(Ops, Zero, true);
    else if (Ops.Ty->isRealFloatingType()) {
      llvm::BasicBlock *overflowBB = CGF.createBasicBlock("overflow",
                                                          CGF.CurFn);
      llvm::BasicBlock *DivCont = CGF.createBasicBlock("div.cont", CGF.CurFn);
      CGF.Builder.CreateCondBr(Builder.CreateFCmpOEQ(Ops.RHS, Zero),
                               overflowBB, DivCont);
      EmitOverflowBB(overflowBB);
      Builder.SetInsertPoint(DivCont);
    }
  }
  if (Ops.LHS->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy())
    return Builder.CreateFDiv(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "div");
  else if (Ops.Ty->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation())
    return Builder.CreateUDiv(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "div");
  else
    return Builder.CreateSDiv(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "div");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitRem(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  // Rem in C can't be a floating point type: C99 6.5.5p2.
  if (isTrapvOverflowBehavior()) {
    llvm::Value *Zero = llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ConvertType(Ops.Ty));

    if (Ops.Ty->isIntegerType())
      EmitUndefinedBehaviorIntegerDivAndRemCheck(Ops, Zero, false);
  }

  if (Ops.Ty->isUnsignedIntegerType())
    return Builder.CreateURem(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "rem");
  else
    return Builder.CreateSRem(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "rem");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitOverflowCheckedBinOp(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  unsigned IID;
  unsigned OpID = 0;

  switch (Ops.Opcode) {
  case BO_Add:
  case BO_AddAssign:
    OpID = 1;
    IID = llvm::Intrinsic::sadd_with_overflow;
    break;
  case BO_Sub:
  case BO_SubAssign:
    OpID = 2;
    IID = llvm::Intrinsic::ssub_with_overflow;
    break;
  case BO_Mul:
  case BO_MulAssign:
    OpID = 3;
    IID = llvm::Intrinsic::smul_with_overflow;
    break;
  default:
    assert(false && "Unsupported operation for overflow detection");
    IID = 0;
  }
  OpID <<= 1;
  OpID |= 1;

  const llvm::Type *opTy = CGF.CGM.getTypes().ConvertType(Ops.Ty);

  llvm::Function *intrinsic = CGF.CGM.getIntrinsic(IID, &opTy, 1);

  Value *resultAndOverflow = Builder.CreateCall2(intrinsic, Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS);
  Value *result = Builder.CreateExtractValue(resultAndOverflow, 0);
  Value *overflow = Builder.CreateExtractValue(resultAndOverflow, 1);

  // Branch in case of overflow.
  llvm::BasicBlock *initialBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  llvm::BasicBlock *overflowBB = CGF.createBasicBlock("overflow", CGF.CurFn);
  llvm::BasicBlock *continueBB = CGF.createBasicBlock("nooverflow", CGF.CurFn);

  Builder.CreateCondBr(overflow, overflowBB, continueBB);

  // Handle overflow with llvm.trap.
  const std::string *handlerName =
    &CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().OverflowHandler;
  if (handlerName->empty()) {
    EmitOverflowBB(overflowBB);
    Builder.SetInsertPoint(continueBB);
    return result;
  }

  // If an overflow handler is set, then we want to call it and then use its
  // result, if it returns.
  Builder.SetInsertPoint(overflowBB);

  // Get the overflow handler.
  const llvm::Type *Int8Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8Ty(VMContext);
  std::vector<const llvm::Type*> argTypes;
  argTypes.push_back(CGF.Int64Ty); argTypes.push_back(CGF.Int64Ty);
  argTypes.push_back(Int8Ty); argTypes.push_back(Int8Ty);
  llvm::FunctionType *handlerTy =
      llvm::FunctionType::get(CGF.Int64Ty, argTypes, true);
  llvm::Value *handler = CGF.CGM.CreateRuntimeFunction(handlerTy, *handlerName);

  // Sign extend the args to 64-bit, so that we can use the same handler for
  // all types of overflow.
  llvm::Value *lhs = Builder.CreateSExt(Ops.LHS, CGF.Int64Ty);
  llvm::Value *rhs = Builder.CreateSExt(Ops.RHS, CGF.Int64Ty);

  // Call the handler with the two arguments, the operation, and the size of
  // the result.
  llvm::Value *handlerResult = Builder.CreateCall4(handler, lhs, rhs,
      Builder.getInt8(OpID),
      Builder.getInt8(cast<llvm::IntegerType>(opTy)->getBitWidth()));

  // Truncate the result back to the desired size.
  handlerResult = Builder.CreateTrunc(handlerResult, opTy);
  Builder.CreateBr(continueBB);

  Builder.SetInsertPoint(continueBB);
  llvm::PHINode *phi = Builder.CreatePHI(opTy);
  phi->reserveOperandSpace(2);
  phi->addIncoming(result, initialBB);
  phi->addIncoming(handlerResult, overflowBB);

  return phi;
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitAdd(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  if (!Ops.Ty->isAnyPointerType()) {
    if (Ops.Ty->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
      switch (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().getSignedOverflowBehavior()) {
      case LangOptions::SOB_Undefined:
        return Builder.CreateNSWAdd(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "add");
      case LangOptions::SOB_Defined:
        return Builder.CreateAdd(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "add");
      case LangOptions::SOB_Trapping:
        return EmitOverflowCheckedBinOp(Ops);
      }
    }

    if (Ops.LHS->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy())
      return Builder.CreateFAdd(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "add");

    return Builder.CreateAdd(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "add");
  }

  // Must have binary (not unary) expr here.  Unary pointer decrement doesn't
  // use this path.
  const BinaryOperator *BinOp = cast<BinaryOperator>(Ops.E);

  if (Ops.Ty->isPointerType() &&
      Ops.Ty->getAs<PointerType>()->isVariableArrayType()) {
    // The amount of the addition needs to account for the VLA size
    CGF.ErrorUnsupported(BinOp, "VLA pointer addition");
  }

  Value *Ptr, *Idx;
  Expr *IdxExp;
  const PointerType *PT = BinOp->getLHS()->getType()->getAs<PointerType>();
  const ObjCObjectPointerType *OPT =
    BinOp->getLHS()->getType()->getAs<ObjCObjectPointerType>();
  if (PT || OPT) {
    Ptr = Ops.LHS;
    Idx = Ops.RHS;
    IdxExp = BinOp->getRHS();
  } else {  // int + pointer
    PT = BinOp->getRHS()->getType()->getAs<PointerType>();
    OPT = BinOp->getRHS()->getType()->getAs<ObjCObjectPointerType>();
    assert((PT || OPT) && "Invalid add expr");
    Ptr = Ops.RHS;
    Idx = Ops.LHS;
    IdxExp = BinOp->getLHS();
  }

  unsigned Width = cast<llvm::IntegerType>(Idx->getType())->getBitWidth();
  if (Width < CGF.PointerWidthInBits) {
    // Zero or sign extend the pointer value based on whether the index is
    // signed or not.
    const llvm::Type *IdxType = CGF.IntPtrTy;
    if (IdxExp->getType()->isSignedIntegerType())
      Idx = Builder.CreateSExt(Idx, IdxType, "idx.ext");
    else
      Idx = Builder.CreateZExt(Idx, IdxType, "idx.ext");
  }
  const QualType ElementType = PT ? PT->getPointeeType() : OPT->getPointeeType();
  // Handle interface types, which are not represented with a concrete type.
  if (const ObjCObjectType *OIT = ElementType->getAs<ObjCObjectType>()) {
    llvm::Value *InterfaceSize =
      llvm::ConstantInt::get(Idx->getType(),
          CGF.getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(OIT).getQuantity());
    Idx = Builder.CreateMul(Idx, InterfaceSize);
    const llvm::Type *i8Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(VMContext);
    Value *Casted = Builder.CreateBitCast(Ptr, i8Ty);
    Value *Res = Builder.CreateGEP(Casted, Idx, "add.ptr");
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(Res, Ptr->getType());
  }

  // Explicitly handle GNU void* and function pointer arithmetic extensions. The
  // GNU void* casts amount to no-ops since our void* type is i8*, but this is
  // future proof.
  if (ElementType->isVoidType() || ElementType->isFunctionType()) {
    const llvm::Type *i8Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(VMContext);
    Value *Casted = Builder.CreateBitCast(Ptr, i8Ty);
    Value *Res = Builder.CreateGEP(Casted, Idx, "add.ptr");
    return Builder.CreateBitCast(Res, Ptr->getType());
  }

  if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().isSignedOverflowDefined())
    return Builder.CreateGEP(Ptr, Idx, "add.ptr");
  return Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Ptr, Idx, "add.ptr");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitSub(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  if (!isa<llvm::PointerType>(Ops.LHS->getType())) {
    if (Ops.Ty->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
      switch (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().getSignedOverflowBehavior()) {
      case LangOptions::SOB_Undefined:
        return Builder.CreateNSWSub(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "sub");
      case LangOptions::SOB_Defined:
        return Builder.CreateSub(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "sub");
      case LangOptions::SOB_Trapping:
        return EmitOverflowCheckedBinOp(Ops);
      }
    }

    if (Ops.LHS->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy())
      return Builder.CreateFSub(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "sub");

    return Builder.CreateSub(Ops.LHS, Ops.RHS, "sub");
  }

  // Must have binary (not unary) expr here.  Unary pointer increment doesn't
  // use this path.
  const BinaryOperator *BinOp = cast<BinaryOperator>(Ops.E);

  if (BinOp->getLHS()->getType()->isPointerType() &&
      BinOp->getLHS()->getType()->getAs<PointerType>()->isVariableArrayType()) {
    // The amount of the addition needs to account for the VLA size for
    // ptr-int
    // The amount of the division needs to account for the VLA size for
    // ptr-ptr.
    CGF.ErrorUnsupported(BinOp, "VLA pointer subtraction");
  }

  const QualType LHSType = BinOp->getLHS()->getType();
  const QualType LHSElementType = LHSType->getPointeeType();
  if (!isa<llvm::PointerType>(Ops.RHS->getType())) {
    // pointer - int
    Value *Idx = Ops.RHS;
    unsigned Width = cast<llvm::IntegerType>(Idx->getType())->getBitWidth();
    if (Width < CGF.PointerWidthInBits) {
      // Zero or sign extend the pointer value based on whether the index is
      // signed or not.
      const llvm::Type *IdxType = CGF.IntPtrTy;
      if (BinOp->getRHS()->getType()->isSignedIntegerType())
        Idx = Builder.CreateSExt(Idx, IdxType, "idx.ext");
      else
        Idx = Builder.CreateZExt(Idx, IdxType, "idx.ext");
    }
    Idx = Builder.CreateNeg(Idx, "sub.ptr.neg");

    // Handle interface types, which are not represented with a concrete type.
    if (const ObjCObjectType *OIT = LHSElementType->getAs<ObjCObjectType>()) {
      llvm::Value *InterfaceSize =
        llvm::ConstantInt::get(Idx->getType(),
                               CGF.getContext().
                                 getTypeSizeInChars(OIT).getQuantity());
      Idx = Builder.CreateMul(Idx, InterfaceSize);
      const llvm::Type *i8Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(VMContext);
      Value *LHSCasted = Builder.CreateBitCast(Ops.LHS, i8Ty);
      Value *Res = Builder.CreateGEP(LHSCasted, Idx, "add.ptr");
      return Builder.CreateBitCast(Res, Ops.LHS->getType());
    }

    // Explicitly handle GNU void* and function pointer arithmetic
    // extensions. The GNU void* casts amount to no-ops since our void* type is
    // i8*, but this is future proof.
    if (LHSElementType->isVoidType() || LHSElementType->isFunctionType()) {
      const llvm::Type *i8Ty = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(VMContext);
      Value *LHSCasted = Builder.CreateBitCast(Ops.LHS, i8Ty);
      Value *Res = Builder.CreateGEP(LHSCasted, Idx, "sub.ptr");
      return Builder.CreateBitCast(Res, Ops.LHS->getType());
    }

    if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().isSignedOverflowDefined())
      return Builder.CreateGEP(Ops.LHS, Idx, "sub.ptr");
    return Builder.CreateInBoundsGEP(Ops.LHS, Idx, "sub.ptr");
  }

  // pointer - pointer
  Value *LHS = Ops.LHS;
  Value *RHS = Ops.RHS;

  CharUnits ElementSize;

  // Handle GCC extension for pointer arithmetic on void* and function pointer
  // types.
  if (LHSElementType->isVoidType() || LHSElementType->isFunctionType())
    ElementSize = CharUnits::One();
  else
    ElementSize = CGF.getContext().getTypeSizeInChars(LHSElementType);

  const llvm::Type *ResultType = ConvertType(Ops.Ty);
  LHS = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(LHS, ResultType, "sub.ptr.lhs.cast");
  RHS = Builder.CreatePtrToInt(RHS, ResultType, "sub.ptr.rhs.cast");
  Value *BytesBetween = Builder.CreateSub(LHS, RHS, "sub.ptr.sub");

  // Optimize out the shift for element size of 1.
  if (ElementSize.isOne())
    return BytesBetween;

  // Otherwise, do a full sdiv. This uses the "exact" form of sdiv, since
  // pointer difference in C is only defined in the case where both operands
  // are pointing to elements of an array.
  Value *BytesPerElt =
      llvm::ConstantInt::get(ResultType, ElementSize.getQuantity());
  return Builder.CreateExactSDiv(BytesBetween, BytesPerElt, "sub.ptr.div");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitShl(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  // LLVM requires the LHS and RHS to be the same type: promote or truncate the
  // RHS to the same size as the LHS.
  Value *RHS = Ops.RHS;
  if (Ops.LHS->getType() != RHS->getType())
    RHS = Builder.CreateIntCast(RHS, Ops.LHS->getType(), false, "sh_prom");

  if (CGF.CatchUndefined
      && isa<llvm::IntegerType>(Ops.LHS->getType())) {
    unsigned Width = cast<llvm::IntegerType>(Ops.LHS->getType())->getBitWidth();
    llvm::BasicBlock *Cont = CGF.createBasicBlock("cont");
    CGF.Builder.CreateCondBr(Builder.CreateICmpULT(RHS,
                                 llvm::ConstantInt::get(RHS->getType(), Width)),
                             Cont, CGF.getTrapBB());
    CGF.EmitBlock(Cont);
  }

  return Builder.CreateShl(Ops.LHS, RHS, "shl");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitShr(const BinOpInfo &Ops) {
  // LLVM requires the LHS and RHS to be the same type: promote or truncate the
  // RHS to the same size as the LHS.
  Value *RHS = Ops.RHS;
  if (Ops.LHS->getType() != RHS->getType())
    RHS = Builder.CreateIntCast(RHS, Ops.LHS->getType(), false, "sh_prom");

  if (CGF.CatchUndefined
      && isa<llvm::IntegerType>(Ops.LHS->getType())) {
    unsigned Width = cast<llvm::IntegerType>(Ops.LHS->getType())->getBitWidth();
    llvm::BasicBlock *Cont = CGF.createBasicBlock("cont");
    CGF.Builder.CreateCondBr(Builder.CreateICmpULT(RHS,
                                 llvm::ConstantInt::get(RHS->getType(), Width)),
                             Cont, CGF.getTrapBB());
    CGF.EmitBlock(Cont);
  }

  if (Ops.Ty->hasUnsignedIntegerRepresentation())
    return Builder.CreateLShr(Ops.LHS, RHS, "shr");
  return Builder.CreateAShr(Ops.LHS, RHS, "shr");
}

enum IntrinsicType { VCMPEQ, VCMPGT };
// return corresponding comparison intrinsic for given vector type
static llvm::Intrinsic::ID GetIntrinsic(IntrinsicType IT,
                                        BuiltinType::Kind ElemKind) {
  switch (ElemKind) {
  default: assert(0 && "unexpected element type");
  case BuiltinType::Char_U:
  case BuiltinType::UChar:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpequb_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtub_p;
    break;
  case BuiltinType::Char_S:
  case BuiltinType::SChar:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpequb_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtsb_p;
    break;
  case BuiltinType::UShort:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpequh_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtuh_p;
    break;
  case BuiltinType::Short:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpequh_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtsh_p;
    break;
  case BuiltinType::UInt:
  case BuiltinType::ULong:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpequw_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtuw_p;
    break;
  case BuiltinType::Int:
  case BuiltinType::Long:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpequw_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtsw_p;
    break;
  case BuiltinType::Float:
    return (IT == VCMPEQ) ? llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpeqfp_p :
                            llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgtfp_p;
    break;
  }
  return llvm::Intrinsic::not_intrinsic;
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::EmitCompare(const BinaryOperator *E,unsigned UICmpOpc,
                                      unsigned SICmpOpc, unsigned FCmpOpc) {
  TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();
  Value *Result;
  QualType LHSTy = E->getLHS()->getType();
  if (const MemberPointerType *MPT = LHSTy->getAs<MemberPointerType>()) {
    assert(E->getOpcode() == BO_EQ ||
           E->getOpcode() == BO_NE);
    Value *LHS = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getLHS());
    Value *RHS = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(E->getRHS());
    Result = CGF.CGM.getCXXABI().EmitMemberPointerComparison(
                   CGF, LHS, RHS, MPT, E->getOpcode() == BO_NE);
  } else if (!LHSTy->isAnyComplexType()) {
    Value *LHS = Visit(E->getLHS());
    Value *RHS = Visit(E->getRHS());

    // If AltiVec, the comparison results in a numeric type, so we use
    // intrinsics comparing vectors and giving 0 or 1 as a result
    if (LHSTy->isVectorType() && CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().AltiVec) {
      // constants for mapping CR6 register bits to predicate result
      enum { CR6_EQ=0, CR6_EQ_REV, CR6_LT, CR6_LT_REV } CR6;

      llvm::Intrinsic::ID ID = llvm::Intrinsic::not_intrinsic;

      // in several cases vector arguments order will be reversed
      Value *FirstVecArg = LHS,
            *SecondVecArg = RHS;

      QualType ElTy = LHSTy->getAs<VectorType>()->getElementType();
      const BuiltinType *BTy = ElTy->getAs<BuiltinType>();
      BuiltinType::Kind ElementKind = BTy->getKind();

      switch(E->getOpcode()) {
      default: assert(0 && "is not a comparison operation");
      case BO_EQ:
        CR6 = CR6_LT;
        ID = GetIntrinsic(VCMPEQ, ElementKind);
        break;
      case BO_NE:
        CR6 = CR6_EQ;
        ID = GetIntrinsic(VCMPEQ, ElementKind);
        break;
      case BO_LT:
        CR6 = CR6_LT;
        ID = GetIntrinsic(VCMPGT, ElementKind);
        std::swap(FirstVecArg, SecondVecArg);
        break;
      case BO_GT:
        CR6 = CR6_LT;
        ID = GetIntrinsic(VCMPGT, ElementKind);
        break;
      case BO_LE:
        if (ElementKind == BuiltinType::Float) {
          CR6 = CR6_LT;
          ID = llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgefp_p;
          std::swap(FirstVecArg, SecondVecArg);
        }
        else {
          CR6 = CR6_EQ;
          ID = GetIntrinsic(VCMPGT, ElementKind);
        }
        break;
      case BO_GE:
        if (ElementKind == BuiltinType::Float) {
          CR6 = CR6_LT;
          ID = llvm::Intrinsic::ppc_altivec_vcmpgefp_p;
        }
        else {
          CR6 = CR6_EQ;
          ID = GetIntrinsic(VCMPGT, ElementKind);
          std::swap(FirstVecArg, SecondVecArg);
        }
        break;
      }

      Value *CR6Param = llvm::ConstantInt::get(CGF.Int32Ty, CR6);
      llvm::Function *F = CGF.CGM.getIntrinsic(ID);
      Result = Builder.CreateCall3(F, CR6Param, FirstVecArg, SecondVecArg, "");
      return EmitScalarConversion(Result, CGF.getContext().BoolTy, E->getType());
    }

    if (LHS->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy()) {
      Result = Builder.CreateFCmp((llvm::CmpInst::Predicate)FCmpOpc,
                                  LHS, RHS, "cmp");
    } else if (LHSTy->hasSignedIntegerRepresentation()) {
      Result = Builder.CreateICmp((llvm::ICmpInst::Predicate)SICmpOpc,
                                  LHS, RHS, "cmp");
    } else {
      // Unsigned integers and pointers.
      Result = Builder.CreateICmp((llvm::ICmpInst::Predicate)UICmpOpc,
                                  LHS, RHS, "cmp");
    }

    // If this is a vector comparison, sign extend the result to the appropriate
    // vector integer type and return it (don't convert to bool).
    if (LHSTy->isVectorType())
      return Builder.CreateSExt(Result, ConvertType(E->getType()), "sext");

  } else {
    // Complex Comparison: can only be an equality comparison.
    CodeGenFunction::ComplexPairTy LHS = CGF.EmitComplexExpr(E->getLHS());
    CodeGenFunction::ComplexPairTy RHS = CGF.EmitComplexExpr(E->getRHS());

    QualType CETy = LHSTy->getAs<ComplexType>()->getElementType();

    Value *ResultR, *ResultI;
    if (CETy->isRealFloatingType()) {
      ResultR = Builder.CreateFCmp((llvm::FCmpInst::Predicate)FCmpOpc,
                                   LHS.first, RHS.first, "cmp.r");
      ResultI = Builder.CreateFCmp((llvm::FCmpInst::Predicate)FCmpOpc,
                                   LHS.second, RHS.second, "cmp.i");
    } else {
      // Complex comparisons can only be equality comparisons.  As such, signed
      // and unsigned opcodes are the same.
      ResultR = Builder.CreateICmp((llvm::ICmpInst::Predicate)UICmpOpc,
                                   LHS.first, RHS.first, "cmp.r");
      ResultI = Builder.CreateICmp((llvm::ICmpInst::Predicate)UICmpOpc,
                                   LHS.second, RHS.second, "cmp.i");
    }

    if (E->getOpcode() == BO_EQ) {
      Result = Builder.CreateAnd(ResultR, ResultI, "and.ri");
    } else {
      assert(E->getOpcode() == BO_NE &&
             "Complex comparison other than == or != ?");
      Result = Builder.CreateOr(ResultR, ResultI, "or.ri");
    }
  }

  return EmitScalarConversion(Result, CGF.getContext().BoolTy, E->getType());
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitBinAssign(const BinaryOperator *E) {
  bool Ignore = TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();

  // __block variables need to have the rhs evaluated first, plus this should
  // improve codegen just a little.
  Value *RHS = Visit(E->getRHS());
  LValue LHS = EmitCheckedLValue(E->getLHS());

  // Store the value into the LHS.  Bit-fields are handled specially
  // because the result is altered by the store, i.e., [C99 6.5.16p1]
  // 'An assignment expression has the value of the left operand after
  // the assignment...'.
  if (LHS.isBitField())
    CGF.EmitStoreThroughBitfieldLValue(RValue::get(RHS), LHS, E->getType(),
                                       &RHS);
  else
    CGF.EmitStoreThroughLValue(RValue::get(RHS), LHS, E->getType());

  // If the result is clearly ignored, return now.
  if (Ignore)
    return 0;

  // The result of an assignment in C is the assigned r-value.
  if (!CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().CPlusPlus)
    return RHS;

  // Objective-C property assignment never reloads the value following a store.
  if (LHS.isPropertyRef())
    return RHS;

  // If the lvalue is non-volatile, return the computed value of the assignment.
  if (!LHS.isVolatileQualified())
    return RHS;

  // Otherwise, reload the value.
  return EmitLoadOfLValue(LHS, E->getType());
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitBinLAnd(const BinaryOperator *E) {
  const llvm::Type *ResTy = ConvertType(E->getType());

  // If we have 0 && RHS, see if we can elide RHS, if so, just return 0.
  // If we have 1 && X, just emit X without inserting the control flow.
  bool LHSCondVal;
  if (CGF.ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(E->getLHS(), LHSCondVal)) {
    if (LHSCondVal) { // If we have 1 && X, just emit X.
      Value *RHSCond = CGF.EvaluateExprAsBool(E->getRHS());
      // ZExt result to int or bool.
      return Builder.CreateZExtOrBitCast(RHSCond, ResTy, "land.ext");
    }

    // 0 && RHS: If it is safe, just elide the RHS, and return 0/false.
    if (!CGF.ContainsLabel(E->getRHS()))
      return llvm::Constant::getNullValue(ResTy);
  }

  llvm::BasicBlock *ContBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("land.end");
  llvm::BasicBlock *RHSBlock  = CGF.createBasicBlock("land.rhs");

  CodeGenFunction::ConditionalEvaluation eval(CGF);

  // Branch on the LHS first.  If it is false, go to the failure (cont) block.
  CGF.EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(E->getLHS(), RHSBlock, ContBlock);

  // Any edges into the ContBlock are now from an (indeterminate number of)
  // edges from this first condition.  All of these values will be false.  Start
  // setting up the PHI node in the Cont Block for this.
  llvm::PHINode *PN = llvm::PHINode::Create(llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(VMContext),
                                            "", ContBlock);
  PN->reserveOperandSpace(2);  // Normal case, two inputs.
  for (llvm::pred_iterator PI = pred_begin(ContBlock), PE = pred_end(ContBlock);
       PI != PE; ++PI)
    PN->addIncoming(llvm::ConstantInt::getFalse(VMContext), *PI);

  eval.begin(CGF);
  CGF.EmitBlock(RHSBlock);
  Value *RHSCond = CGF.EvaluateExprAsBool(E->getRHS());
  eval.end(CGF);

  // Reaquire the RHS block, as there may be subblocks inserted.
  RHSBlock = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  // Emit an unconditional branch from this block to ContBlock.  Insert an entry
  // into the phi node for the edge with the value of RHSCond.
  CGF.EmitBlock(ContBlock);
  PN->addIncoming(RHSCond, RHSBlock);

  // ZExt result to int.
  return Builder.CreateZExtOrBitCast(PN, ResTy, "land.ext");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitBinLOr(const BinaryOperator *E) {
  const llvm::Type *ResTy = ConvertType(E->getType());

  // If we have 1 || RHS, see if we can elide RHS, if so, just return 1.
  // If we have 0 || X, just emit X without inserting the control flow.
  bool LHSCondVal;
  if (CGF.ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(E->getLHS(), LHSCondVal)) {
    if (!LHSCondVal) { // If we have 0 || X, just emit X.
      Value *RHSCond = CGF.EvaluateExprAsBool(E->getRHS());
      // ZExt result to int or bool.
      return Builder.CreateZExtOrBitCast(RHSCond, ResTy, "lor.ext");
    }

    // 1 || RHS: If it is safe, just elide the RHS, and return 1/true.
    if (!CGF.ContainsLabel(E->getRHS()))
      return llvm::ConstantInt::get(ResTy, 1);
  }

  llvm::BasicBlock *ContBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("lor.end");
  llvm::BasicBlock *RHSBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("lor.rhs");

  CodeGenFunction::ConditionalEvaluation eval(CGF);

  // Branch on the LHS first.  If it is true, go to the success (cont) block.
  CGF.EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(E->getLHS(), ContBlock, RHSBlock);

  // Any edges into the ContBlock are now from an (indeterminate number of)
  // edges from this first condition.  All of these values will be true.  Start
  // setting up the PHI node in the Cont Block for this.
  llvm::PHINode *PN = llvm::PHINode::Create(llvm::Type::getInt1Ty(VMContext),
                                            "", ContBlock);
  PN->reserveOperandSpace(2);  // Normal case, two inputs.
  for (llvm::pred_iterator PI = pred_begin(ContBlock), PE = pred_end(ContBlock);
       PI != PE; ++PI)
    PN->addIncoming(llvm::ConstantInt::getTrue(VMContext), *PI);

  eval.begin(CGF);

  // Emit the RHS condition as a bool value.
  CGF.EmitBlock(RHSBlock);
  Value *RHSCond = CGF.EvaluateExprAsBool(E->getRHS());

  eval.end(CGF);

  // Reaquire the RHS block, as there may be subblocks inserted.
  RHSBlock = Builder.GetInsertBlock();

  // Emit an unconditional branch from this block to ContBlock.  Insert an entry
  // into the phi node for the edge with the value of RHSCond.
  CGF.EmitBlock(ContBlock);
  PN->addIncoming(RHSCond, RHSBlock);

  // ZExt result to int.
  return Builder.CreateZExtOrBitCast(PN, ResTy, "lor.ext");
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitBinComma(const BinaryOperator *E) {
  CGF.EmitIgnoredExpr(E->getLHS());
  CGF.EnsureInsertPoint();
  return Visit(E->getRHS());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                             Other Operators
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// isCheapEnoughToEvaluateUnconditionally - Return true if the specified
/// expression is cheap enough and side-effect-free enough to evaluate
/// unconditionally instead of conditionally.  This is used to convert control
/// flow into selects in some cases.
static bool isCheapEnoughToEvaluateUnconditionally(const Expr *E,
                                                   CodeGenFunction &CGF) {
  if (const ParenExpr *PE = dyn_cast<ParenExpr>(E))
    return isCheapEnoughToEvaluateUnconditionally(PE->getSubExpr(), CGF);

  // TODO: Allow anything we can constant fold to an integer or fp constant.
  if (isa<IntegerLiteral>(E) || isa<CharacterLiteral>(E) ||
      isa<FloatingLiteral>(E))
    return true;

  // Non-volatile automatic variables too, to get "cond ? X : Y" where
  // X and Y are local variables.
  if (const DeclRefExpr *DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(E))
    if (const VarDecl *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(DRE->getDecl()))
      if (VD->hasLocalStorage() && !(CGF.getContext()
                                     .getCanonicalType(VD->getType())
                                     .isVolatileQualified()))
        return true;

  return false;
}


Value *ScalarExprEmitter::
VisitAbstractConditionalOperator(const AbstractConditionalOperator *E) {
  TestAndClearIgnoreResultAssign();

  // Bind the common expression if necessary.
  CodeGenFunction::OpaqueValueMapping binding(CGF, E);

  Expr *condExpr = E->getCond();
  Expr *lhsExpr = E->getTrueExpr();
  Expr *rhsExpr = E->getFalseExpr();

  // If the condition constant folds and can be elided, try to avoid emitting
  // the condition and the dead arm.
  bool CondExprBool;
  if (CGF.ConstantFoldsToSimpleInteger(condExpr, CondExprBool)) {
    Expr *live = lhsExpr, *dead = rhsExpr;
    if (!CondExprBool) std::swap(live, dead);

    // If the dead side doesn't have labels we need, and if the Live side isn't
    // the gnu missing ?: extension (which we could handle, but don't bother
    // to), just emit the Live part.
    if (!CGF.ContainsLabel(dead))
      return Visit(live);
  }

  // OpenCL: If the condition is a vector, we can treat this condition like
  // the select function.
  if (CGF.getContext().getLangOptions().OpenCL
      && condExpr->getType()->isVectorType()) {
    llvm::Value *CondV = CGF.EmitScalarExpr(condExpr);
    llvm::Value *LHS = Visit(lhsExpr);
    llvm::Value *RHS = Visit(rhsExpr);

    const llvm::Type *condType = ConvertType(condExpr->getType());
    const llvm::VectorType *vecTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(condType);

    unsigned numElem = vecTy->getNumElements();
    const llvm::Type *elemType = vecTy->getElementType();

    std::vector<llvm::Constant*> Zvals;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < numElem; ++i)
      Zvals.push_back(llvm::ConstantInt::get(elemType,0));

    llvm::Value *zeroVec = llvm::ConstantVector::get(Zvals);
    llvm::Value *TestMSB = Builder.CreateICmpSLT(CondV, zeroVec);
    llvm::Value *tmp = Builder.CreateSExt(TestMSB,
                                          llvm::VectorType::get(elemType,
                                                                numElem),
                                          "sext");
    llvm::Value *tmp2 = Builder.CreateNot(tmp);

    // Cast float to int to perform ANDs if necessary.
    llvm::Value *RHSTmp = RHS;
    llvm::Value *LHSTmp = LHS;
    bool wasCast = false;
    const llvm::VectorType *rhsVTy = cast<llvm::VectorType>(RHS->getType());
    if (rhsVTy->getElementType()->isFloatTy()) {
      RHSTmp = Builder.CreateBitCast(RHS, tmp2->getType());
      LHSTmp = Builder.CreateBitCast(LHS, tmp->getType());
      wasCast = true;
    }

    llvm::Value *tmp3 = Builder.CreateAnd(RHSTmp, tmp2);
    llvm::Value *tmp4 = Builder.CreateAnd(LHSTmp, tmp);
    llvm::Value *tmp5 = Builder.CreateOr(tmp3, tmp4, "cond");
    if (wasCast)
      tmp5 = Builder.CreateBitCast(tmp5, RHS->getType());

    return tmp5;
  }

  // If this is a really simple expression (like x ? 4 : 5), emit this as a
  // select instead of as control flow.  We can only do this if it is cheap and
  // safe to evaluate the LHS and RHS unconditionally.
  if (isCheapEnoughToEvaluateUnconditionally(lhsExpr, CGF) &&
      isCheapEnoughToEvaluateUnconditionally(rhsExpr, CGF)) {
    llvm::Value *CondV = CGF.EvaluateExprAsBool(condExpr);
    llvm::Value *LHS = Visit(lhsExpr);
    llvm::Value *RHS = Visit(rhsExpr);
    return Builder.CreateSelect(CondV, LHS, RHS, "cond");
  }

  llvm::BasicBlock *LHSBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("cond.true");
  llvm::BasicBlock *RHSBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("cond.false");
  llvm::BasicBlock *ContBlock = CGF.createBasicBlock("cond.end");

  CodeGenFunction::ConditionalEvaluation eval(CGF);
  CGF.EmitBranchOnBoolExpr(condExpr, LHSBlock, RHSBlock);

  CGF.EmitBlock(LHSBlock);
  eval.begin(CGF);
  Value *LHS = Visit(lhsExpr);
  eval.end(CGF);

  LHSBlock = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  Builder.CreateBr(ContBlock);

  CGF.EmitBlock(RHSBlock);
  eval.begin(CGF);
  Value *RHS = Visit(rhsExpr);
  eval.end(CGF);

  RHSBlock = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
  CGF.EmitBlock(ContBlock);

  // If the LHS or RHS is a throw expression, it will be legitimately null.
  if (!LHS)
    return RHS;
  if (!RHS)
    return LHS;

  // Create a PHI node for the real part.
  llvm::PHINode *PN = Builder.CreatePHI(LHS->getType(), "cond");
  PN->reserveOperandSpace(2);
  PN->addIncoming(LHS, LHSBlock);
  PN->addIncoming(RHS, RHSBlock);
  return PN;
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitChooseExpr(ChooseExpr *E) {
  return Visit(E->getChosenSubExpr(CGF.getContext()));
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitVAArgExpr(VAArgExpr *VE) {
  llvm::Value *ArgValue = CGF.EmitVAListRef(VE->getSubExpr());
  llvm::Value *ArgPtr = CGF.EmitVAArg(ArgValue, VE->getType());

  // If EmitVAArg fails, we fall back to the LLVM instruction.
  if (!ArgPtr)
    return Builder.CreateVAArg(ArgValue, ConvertType(VE->getType()));

  // FIXME Volatility.
  return Builder.CreateLoad(ArgPtr);
}

Value *ScalarExprEmitter::VisitBlockExpr(const BlockExpr *block) {
  return CGF.EmitBlockLiteral(block);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//                         Entry Point into this File
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// EmitScalarExpr - Emit the computation of the specified expression of scalar
/// type, ignoring the result.
Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitScalarExpr(const Expr *E, bool IgnoreResultAssign) {
  assert(E && !hasAggregateLLVMType(E->getType()) &&
         "Invalid scalar expression to emit");

  return ScalarExprEmitter(*this, IgnoreResultAssign)
    .Visit(const_cast<Expr*>(E));
}

/// EmitScalarConversion - Emit a conversion from the specified type to the
/// specified destination type, both of which are LLVM scalar types.
Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitScalarConversion(Value *Src, QualType SrcTy,
                                             QualType DstTy) {
  assert(!hasAggregateLLVMType(SrcTy) && !hasAggregateLLVMType(DstTy) &&
         "Invalid scalar expression to emit");
  return ScalarExprEmitter(*this).EmitScalarConversion(Src, SrcTy, DstTy);
}

/// EmitComplexToScalarConversion - Emit a conversion from the specified complex
/// type to the specified destination type, where the destination type is an
/// LLVM scalar type.
Value *CodeGenFunction::EmitComplexToScalarConversion(ComplexPairTy Src,
                                                      QualType SrcTy,
                                                      QualType DstTy) {
  assert(SrcTy->isAnyComplexType() && !hasAggregateLLVMType(DstTy) &&
         "Invalid complex -> scalar conversion");
  return ScalarExprEmitter(*this).EmitComplexToScalarConversion(Src, SrcTy,
                                                                DstTy);
}


llvm::Value *CodeGenFunction::
EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(const UnaryOperator *E, LValue LV,
                        bool isInc, bool isPre) {
  return ScalarExprEmitter(*this).EmitScalarPrePostIncDec(E, LV, isInc, isPre);
}

LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitObjCIsaExpr(const ObjCIsaExpr *E) {
  llvm::Value *V;
  // object->isa or (*object).isa
  // Generate code as for: *(Class*)object
  // build Class* type
  const llvm::Type *ClassPtrTy = ConvertType(E->getType());

  Expr *BaseExpr = E->getBase();
  if (BaseExpr->isRValue()) {
    V = CreateTempAlloca(ClassPtrTy, "resval");
    llvm::Value *Src = EmitScalarExpr(BaseExpr);
    Builder.CreateStore(Src, V);
    V = ScalarExprEmitter(*this).EmitLoadOfLValue(
      MakeAddrLValue(V, E->getType()), E->getType());
  } else {
    if (E->isArrow())
      V = ScalarExprEmitter(*this).EmitLoadOfLValue(BaseExpr);
    else
      V = EmitLValue(BaseExpr).getAddress();
  }

  // build Class* type
  ClassPtrTy = ClassPtrTy->getPointerTo();
  V = Builder.CreateBitCast(V, ClassPtrTy);
  return MakeAddrLValue(V, E->getType());
}


LValue CodeGenFunction::EmitCompoundAssignmentLValue(
                                            const CompoundAssignOperator *E) {
  ScalarExprEmitter Scalar(*this);
  Value *Result = 0;
  switch (E->getOpcode()) {
#define COMPOUND_OP(Op)                                                       \
    case BO_##Op##Assign:                                                     \
      return Scalar.EmitCompoundAssignLValue(E, &ScalarExprEmitter::Emit##Op, \
                                             Result)
  COMPOUND_OP(Mul);
  COMPOUND_OP(Div);
  COMPOUND_OP(Rem);
  COMPOUND_OP(Add);
  COMPOUND_OP(Sub);
  COMPOUND_OP(Shl);
  COMPOUND_OP(Shr);
  COMPOUND_OP(And);
  COMPOUND_OP(Xor);
  COMPOUND_OP(Or);
#undef COMPOUND_OP

  case BO_PtrMemD:
  case BO_PtrMemI:
  case BO_Mul:
  case BO_Div:
  case BO_Rem:
  case BO_Add:
  case BO_Sub:
  case BO_Shl:
  case BO_Shr:
  case BO_LT:
  case BO_GT:
  case BO_LE:
  case BO_GE:
  case BO_EQ:
  case BO_NE:
  case BO_And:
  case BO_Xor:
  case BO_Or:
  case BO_LAnd:
  case BO_LOr:
  case BO_Assign:
  case BO_Comma:
    assert(false && "Not valid compound assignment operators");
    break;
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled compound assignment operator");
}