opengl.jd revision 8f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5
19066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Projectpage.title=3D with OpenGL 2c918e4a86d42d89cb893b0150358cfd01ef7d532Scott Mainparent.title=Graphics 39066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Projectparent.link=index.html 49066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project@jd:body 59066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 6a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<div id="qv-wrapper"> 7a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <div id="qv"> 8a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <h2>In this document</h2> 9a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 10a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ol> 110664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#basics">The Basics</a> 120664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ol> 130664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#packages">OpenGL packages</a></li> 140664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ol> 150664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#manifest">Declaring OpenGL Requirements</a></li> 160664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 178f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandez <li><a href="#coordinate-mapping">Mapping Coordinates for Drawn Objects</a> 180664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ol> 190664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#proj-es1">Projection and camera in ES 1.0</a></li> 200664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#proj-es1">Projection and camera in ES 2.0</a></li> 210664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ol> 220664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 23a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="#compatibility">OpenGL Versions and Device Compatibility</a> 24a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ol> 250664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#textures">Texture compression support</a></li> 260664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#gl-extension-query">Determining OpenGL Extensions</a></li> 27a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ol> 28a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 290664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="#choosing-version">Choosing an OpenGL API Version</a></li> 30a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ol> 31a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <h2>Key classes</h2> 32a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ol> 33a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView}</li> 34a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer}</li> 35a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ol> 360664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <h2>Related tutorials</h2> 370664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ol> 380664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es10.html">OpenGL ES 1.0</a></li> 390664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es20.html">OpenGL ES 2.0</a></li> 400664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ol> 410664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <h2>Related samples</h2> 42a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ol> 43a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/graphics/ 44a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezGLSurfaceViewActivity.html">GLSurfaceViewActivity</a></li> 45a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/graphics/ 46a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezGLES20Activity.html">GLES20Activity</a></li> 47a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/graphics/ 48a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezTouchRotateActivity.html">TouchRotateActivity</a></li> 49a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/graphics/ 50a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezCompressedTextureActivity.html">Compressed Textures</a></li> 51a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ol> 52a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <h2>See also</h2> 53a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ol> 54a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="{@docRoot}resources/articles/glsurfaceview.html">Introducing 55a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezGLSurfaceView</a></li> 56a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="http://www.khronos.org/opengles/">OpenGL ES</a></li> 57a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="http://www.khronos.org/opengles/1_X/">OpenGL ES 1.x Specification</a></li> 58a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li><a href="http://www.khronos.org/opengles/2_X/">OpenGL ES 2.x specification</a></li> 59a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ol> 60a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </div> 61a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez</div> 629066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 63a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p>Android includes support for high performance 2D and 3D graphics with the Open Graphics Library 640664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez(OpenGL), specifically, the OpenGL ES API. OpenGL is a cross-platform graphics API that specifies a 650664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezstandard software interface for 3D graphics processing hardware. OpenGL ES is a flavor of the OpenGL 660664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezspecification intended for embedded devices. The OpenGL ES 1.0 and 1.1 API specifications have been 670664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezsupported since Android 1.0. Beginning with Android 2.2 (API Level 8), the framework supports the 680664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezOpenGL ES 2.0 API specification.</p> 699066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 70a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p class="note"><b>Note:</b> The specific API provided by the Android framework is similar to the 71a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez J2ME JSR239 OpenGL ES API, but is not identical. If you are familiar with J2ME JSR239 72a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez specification, be alert for variations.</p> 739066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 749066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 75a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<h2 id="basics">The Basics</h2> 769066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 77a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p>Android supports OpenGL both through its framework API and the Native Development 78a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezKit (NDK). This topic focuses on the Android framework interfaces. For more information about the 79a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezNDK, see the <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/ndk/index.html">Android NDK</a>. 809066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 81a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p> 82a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez There are two foundational classes in the Android framework that let you create and manipulate 83a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezgraphics with the OpenGL ES API: {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} and {@link 84a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer}. If your goal is to use OpenGL in your Android application, 85a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezunderstanding how to implement these classes in an activity should be your first objective. 86a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez</p> 87a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 88a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<dl> 890664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <dt><strong>{@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView}</strong></dt> 900664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <dd>This class is a {@link android.view.View} where you can draw and manipulate objects using 910664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez OpenGL API calls and is similar in function to a {@link android.view.SurfaceView}. You can use 920664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez this class by creating an instance of {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} and adding your 93a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer Renderer} to it. However, if you want to capture 94a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez touch screen events, you should extend the {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} class to 950664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez implement the touch listeners, as shown in OpenGL Tutorials for 960664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es10.html#touch">ES 1.0</a>, 970664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es20.html#touch">ES 2.0</a> and the <a 98a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/graphics/TouchRotateActivity 99a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez.html">TouchRotateActivity</a> sample.</dd> 100a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 1010664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <dt><strong>{@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer}</strong></dt> 102a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <dd>This interface defines the methods required for drawing graphics in an OpenGL {@link 103a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView}. You must provide an implementation of this interface as a 104a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez separate class and attach it to your {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} instance using 105a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView#setRenderer(android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer) 106a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez GLSurfaceView.setRenderer()}. 107a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 108a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <p>The {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} interface requires that you implement the 109a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez following methods:</p> 110a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ul> 111a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li> 112a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez {@link 113a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onSurfaceCreated(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, 114a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig) onSurfaceCreated()}: The system calls this 115a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez method once, when creating the {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView}. Use this method to perform 116a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez actions that need to happen only once, such as setting OpenGL environment parameters or 117a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez initializing OpenGL graphic objects. 118a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 119a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li> 120a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez {@link 121a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onDrawFrame(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10) 122a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez onDrawFrame()}: The system calls this method on each redraw of the {@link 123a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView}. Use this method as the primary execution point for 124a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez drawing (and re-drawing) graphic objects.</li> 125a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li> 126a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez {@link 127a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onSurfaceChanged(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, 128a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez int, int) onSurfaceChanged()}: The system calls this method when the {@link 129a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} geometry changes, including changes in size of the {@link 130a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} or orientation of the device screen. For example, the system calls 131a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez this method when the device changes from portrait to landscape orientation. Use this method to 132a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez respond to changes in the {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView} container. 133a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 134a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ul> 135a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </dd> 136a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez</dl> 137a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 1380664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<h3 id="packages">OpenGL packages</h3> 139a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p>Once you have established a container view for OpenGL using {@link 140a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView} and {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer}, you can begin 141a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezcalling OpenGL APIs using the following classes:</p> 142a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 143a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<ul> 144a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>OpenGL ES 1.0/1.1 API Packages 145a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ul> 1460664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl} - This package provides a static interface to the OpenGL ES 1470664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez1.0/1.1 classes and better performance than the javax.microedition.khronos package interfaces. 1480664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ul> 1490664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLES10}</li> 1500664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLES10Ext}</li> 1510664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLES11}</li> 1520664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLES10Ext}</li> 1530664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ul> 1540664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 155a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link javax.microedition.khronos.opengles} - This package provides the standard 1560664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezimplementation of OpenGL ES 1.0/1.1. 157a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ul> 158a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10}</li> 159a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10Ext}</li> 160a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11}</li> 161a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11Ext}</li> 162a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>{@link javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL11ExtensionPack}</li> 163a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ul> 164a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 165a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ul> 166a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 167a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>OpenGL ES 2.0 API Class 168a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <ul> 1690664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@link android.opengl.GLES20 android.opengl.GLES20} - This package provides the 1700664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezinterface to OpenGL ES 2.0 and is available starting with Android 2.2 (API Level 8).</li> 171a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </ul> 172a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 173a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez</ul> 1749066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 1750664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>If you'd like to start building an app with OpenGL right away, have a look at the tutorials for 1760664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es10.html">OpenGL ES 1.0</a> or 1770664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<a href="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es20.html">OpenGL ES 2.0</a>! 1780664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</p> 1790664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 1800664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<h2 id="manifest">Declaring OpenGL Requirements</h2> 1810664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>If your application uses OpenGL features that are not available on all devices, you must include 1820664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezthese requirements in your <a 1830664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/manifest-intro.html">AndroidManifest.xml</a></code> file. 1840664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezHere are the most common OpenGL manifest declarations:</p> 1850664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 1860664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<ul> 1870664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>OpenGL ES version requirements</strong> - If your application only supports OpenGL ES 1880664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez2.0, you must declare that requirement by adding the following settings to your manifest as 1890664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezshown below. 1900664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 1910664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 1920664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <!-- Tell the system this app requires OpenGL ES 2.0. --> 1930664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000" android:required="true" /> 1940664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 1950664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 1960664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <p>Adding this declaration causes the Android Market to restrict your application from being 1970664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez installed on devices that do not support OpenGL ES 2.0.</p> 1980664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 1990664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>Texture compression requirements</strong> - If your application uses texture 2008f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezcompression formats, you must declare the formats your application supports in your manifest file 2018f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezusing <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/supports-gl-texture-element.html">{@code 2028f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandez<supports-gl-texture>}</a>. For more information about available texture compression 2030664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezformats, see <a href="#textures">Texture compression support</a>. 2040664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2050664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>Declaring texture compression requirements in your manifest hides your application from users 2060664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezwith devices that do not support at least one of your declared compression types. For more 2070664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezinformation on how Android Market filtering works for texture compressions, see the <a 2080664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/supports-gl-texture-element.html#market-texture-filtering"> 2090664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezAndroid Market and texture compression filtering</a> section of the {@code 2100664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<supports-gl-texture>} documentation.</p> 2110664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 2120664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</ul> 2130664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2140664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2158f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandez<h2 id="coordinate-mapping">Mapping Coordinates for Drawn Objects</h2> 2160664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2170664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>One of the basic problems in displaying graphics on Android devices is that their screens can 2180664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezvary in size and shape. OpenGL assumes a square, uniform coordinate system and, by default, happily 2190664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdraws those coordinates onto your typically non-square screen as if it is perfectly square.</p> 2200664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2210664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<img src="{@docRoot}images/opengl/coordinates.png"> 2220664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p class="img-caption"> 2230664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Default OpenGL coordinate system (left) mapped to a typical Android 2240664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdevice screen (right). 2250664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</p> 2260664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2270664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>The illustration above shows the uniform coordinate system assumed for an OpenGL frame on the 2280664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezleft, and how these coordinates actually map to a typical device screen in landscape orientation 2290664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezon the right. To solve this problem, you can apply OpenGL projection modes and camera views to 2300664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandeztransform coordinates so your graphic objects have the correct proportions on any display.</p> 2310664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2320664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>In order to apply projection and camera views, you create a projection matrix and a camera view 2330664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmatrix and apply them to the OpenGL rendering pipeline. The projection matrix recalculates the 2340664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezcoordinates of your graphics so that they map correctly to Android device screens. The camera view 2350664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmatrix creates a transformation that renders objects from a specific eye position.</p> 2360664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2370664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<h3 id="proj-es1">Projection and camera view in OpenGL ES 1.0</h3> 2380664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>In the ES 1.0 API, you apply projection and camera view by creating each matrix and then 2390664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezadding them to the OpenGL environment.</p> 2400664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2410664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<ol> 2420664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<li><strong>Projection matrix</strong> - Create a projection matrix using the geometry of the 2430664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdevice screen in order to recalculate object coordinates so they are drawn with correct proportions. 2448f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe FernandezThe following example code demonstrates how to modify the {@link 2458f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onSurfaceChanged(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, 2468f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezint, int) onSurfaceChanged()} method of a {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} 2478f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezimplementation to create a projection matrix based on the screen's aspect ratio and apply it to the 2488f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe FernandezOpenGL rendering environment. 2490664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2500664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 2510664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { 2520664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); 2530664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2540664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // make adjustments for screen ratio 2550664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez float ratio = (float) width / height; 2560664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); // set matrix to projection mode 2570664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez gl.glLoadIdentity(); // reset the matrix to its default state 2580664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez gl.glFrustumf(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 3, 7); // apply the projection matrix 2590664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez } 2600664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 2610664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</li> 2620664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2630664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<li><strong>Camera transformation matrix</strong> - Once you have adjusted the coordinate system 2640664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezusing a projection matrix, you must also apply a camera view. The following example code shows how 2658f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezto modify the {@link 2668f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onDrawFrame(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10) 2678f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe FernandezonDrawFrame()} method of a {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} 2688f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezimplementation to apply a model view and use the 2698f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandez{@link android.opengl.GLU#gluLookAt(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, float, float, float, 2708f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezfloat, float, float, float, float, float) GLU.gluLookAt()} utility to create a viewing tranformation 2718f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezwhich simulates a camera position. 2720664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2730664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 2740664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { 2750664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 2760664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // Set GL_MODELVIEW transformation mode 2770664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); 2780664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez gl.glLoadIdentity(); // reset the matrix to its default state 2790664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2800664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // When using GL_MODELVIEW, you must set the camera view 2810664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez GLU.gluLookAt(gl, 0, 0, -5, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); 2820664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 2830664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez } 2840664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 2850664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</li> 2860664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</ol> 2870664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2880664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>For a complete example of how to apply projection and camera views with OpenGL ES 1.0, see the <a 2890664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es10.html#projection-and-views">OpenGL ES 1.0 2900664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandeztutorial</a>.</p> 2910664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2920664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2930664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<h3 id="proj-es2">Projection and camera view in OpenGL ES 2.0</h3> 2940664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>In the ES 2.0 API, you apply projection and camera view by first adding a matrix member to 2950664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezthe vertex shaders of your graphics objects. With this matrix member added, you can then 2960664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezgenerate and apply projection and camera viewing matrices to your objects.</p> 2970664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 2980664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<ol> 2990664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<li><strong>Add matrix to vertex shaders</strong> - Create a variable for the view projection matrix 3000664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezand include it as a multiplier of the shader's position. In the following example vertex shader 3010664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezcode, the included {@code uMVPMatrix} member allows you to apply projection and camera viewing 3020664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmatrices to the coordinates of objects that use this shader. 3030664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3040664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 3050664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez private final String vertexShaderCode = 3060664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3070664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // This matrix member variable provides a hook to manipulate 3080664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // the coordinates of objects that use this vertex shader 3090664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez "uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix; \n" + 3100664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3110664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez "attribute vec4 vPosition; \n" + 3120664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez "void main(){ \n" + 3130664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3140664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // the matrix must be included as part of gl_Position 3150664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez " gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition; \n" + 3160664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3170664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez "} \n"; 3180664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 3190664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The example above defines a single transformation matrix 3200664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmember in the vertex shader into which you apply a combined projection matrix and camera view 3210664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmatrix. Depending on your application requirements, you may want to define separate projection 3220664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmatrix and camera viewing matrix members in your vertex shaders so you can change them 3230664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezindependently.</p> 3240664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</li> 3250664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<li><strong>Access the shader matrix</strong> - After creating a hook in your vertex shaders to 3260664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezapply projection and camera view, you can then access that variable to apply projection and 3278f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezcamera viewing matrices. The following code shows how to modify the {@link 3288f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onSurfaceCreated(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, 3298f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezjavax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig) onSurfaceCreated()} method of a {@link 3308f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} implementation to access the matrix 3310664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezvariable defined in the vertex shader above. 3320664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3330664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 3340664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) { 3350664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 3360664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix"); 3370664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 3380664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez } 3390664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 3400664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</li> 3410664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<li><strong>Create projection and camera viewing matrices</strong> - Generate the projection and 3420664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezviewing matrices to be applied the graphic objects. The following example code shows how to modify 3438f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezthe {@link 3448f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onSurfaceCreated(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, 3458f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezjavax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig) onSurfaceCreated()} and {@link 3468f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onSurfaceChanged(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10, 3478f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezint, int) onSurfaceChanged()} methods of a {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} 3488f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezimplementation to create camera view matrix and a projection matrix based on the screen aspect ratio 3498f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezof the device. 3500664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3510664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 3520664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) { 3530664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 3540664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // Create a camera view matrix 3550664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez Matrix.setLookAtM(mVMatrix, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); 3560664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez } 3570664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3580664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) { 3590664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); 3600664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3610664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez float ratio = (float) width / height; 3620664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3630664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // create a projection matrix from device screen geometry 3640664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez Matrix.frustumM(mProjMatrix, 0, -ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 3, 7); 3650664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez } 3660664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 3670664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</li> 3680664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3690664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<li><strong>Apply projection and camera viewing matrices</strong> - To apply the projection and 3700664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezcamera view transformations, multiply the matrices together and then set them into the vertex 3718f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezshader. The following example code shows how modify the {@link 3728f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer#onDrawFrame(javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10) 3738f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe FernandezonDrawFrame()} method of a {@link android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer} implementation to combine 3748f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezthe projection matrix and camera view created in the code above and then apply it to the graphic 3758f134ea74badba7108989898117bb70c4226b5b5Joe Fernandezobjects to be rendered by OpenGL. 3760664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3770664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<pre> 3780664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) { 3790664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 3800664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // Combine the projection and camera view matrices 3810664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjMatrix, 0, mVMatrix, 0); 3820664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3830664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // Apply the combined projection and camera view transformations 3840664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0); 3850664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3860664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez // Draw objects 3870664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez ... 3880664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez } 3890664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</pre> 3900664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</li> 3910664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</ol> 3920664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>For a complete example of how to apply projection and camera view with OpenGL ES 2.0, see the <a 3930664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}resources/tutorials/opengl/opengl-es20.html#projection-and-views">OpenGL ES 2.0 3940664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandeztutorial</a>.</p> 3950664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 3960664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 397a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<h2 id="compatibility">OpenGL Versions and Device Compatibility</h2> 398a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 3990664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>The OpenGL ES 1.0 and 1.1 API specifications have been supported since Android 1.0. 400a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezBeginning with Android 2.2 (API Level 8), the framework supports the OpenGL ES 2.0 API 401a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezspecification. OpenGL ES 2.0 is supported by most Android devices and is recommended for new 402a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezapplications being developed with OpenGL. For information about the relative number of 403a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezAndroid-powered devices that support a given version of OpenGL ES, see the <a 404a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}resources/dashboard/opengl.html">OpenGL ES Versions Dashboard</a>.</p> 405a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez 4060664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 407a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<h3 id="textures">Texture compression support</h3> 408a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p>Texture compression can significantly increase the performance of your OpenGL application by 409a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezreducing memory requirements and making more efficient use of memory bandwidth. The Android 410a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezframework provides support for the ETC1 compression format as a standard feature, including a {@link 4110664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezandroid.opengl.ETC1Util} utility class and the {@code etc1tool} compression tool (located in the 4120664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezAndroid SDK at {@code <sdk>/tools/}). For an example of an Android application that uses 4130664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandeztexture compression, see the <a 414a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/graphics/ 415a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe FernandezCompressedTextureActivity.html">CompressedTextureActivity</a> code sample. 4169066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project</p> 4179066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 418a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p>To check if the ETC1 format is supported on a device, call the {@link 419a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezandroid.opengl.ETC1Util#isETC1Supported() ETC1Util.isETC1Supported()} method.</p> 4209066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 421a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p class="note"><b>Note:</b> The ETC1 texture compression format does not support textures with an 422a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezalpha channel. If your application requires textures with an alpha channel, you should 423a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezinvestigate other texture compression formats available on your target devices.</p> 4249066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 425a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<p>Beyond the ETC1 format, Android devices have varied support for texture compression based on 4260664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandeztheir GPU chipsets and OpenGL implementations. You should investigate texture compression support on 4270664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezthe the devices you are are targeting to determine what compression types your application should 4280664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezsupport. In order to determine what texture formats are supported on a given device, you must <a 4290664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="#gl-extension-query">query the device</a> and review the <em>OpenGL extension names</em>, 4300664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezwhich identify what texture compression formats (and other OpenGL features) are supported by the 4310664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdevice. Some commonly supported texture compression formats are as follows:</p> 4329066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 4330664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<ul> 4340664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>ATITC (ATC)</strong> - ATI texture compression (ATITC or ATC) is available on a 4350664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezwide variety of devices and supports fixed rate compression for RGB textures with and without 4360664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezan alpha channel. This format may be represented by several OpenGL extension names, for example: 4370664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ul> 4380664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_AMD_compressed_ATC_texture}</li> 4390664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_ATI_texture_compression_atitc}</li> 4400664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ul> 4410664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 4420664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>PVRTC</strong> - PowerVR texture compression (PVRTC) is available on a wide 4430664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezvariety of devices and supports 2-bit and 4-bit per pixel textures with or without an alpha channel. 4440664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezThis format is represented by the following OpenGL extension name: 4450664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ul> 4460664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_IMG_texture_compression_pvrtc}</li> 4470664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ul> 4480664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 4490664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>S3TC (DXT<em>n</em>/DXTC)</strong> - S3 texture compression (S3TC) has several 4500664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezformat variations (DXT1 to DXT5) and is less widely available. The format supports RGB textures with 4510664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez4-bit alpha or 8-bit alpha channels. This format may be represented by several OpenGL extension 4520664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandeznames, for example: 4530664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ul> 4540664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_OES_texture_compression_S3TC}</li> 4550664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc}</li> 4560664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1}</li> 4570664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt3}</li> 4580664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt5}</li> 4590664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ul> 4600664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </li> 4610664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>3DC</strong> - 3DC texture compression (3DC) is a less widely available format that 4620664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezsupports RGB textures with an an alpha channel. This format is represented by the following OpenGL 4630664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezextension name:</li> 4640664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <ul> 4650664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>{@code GL_AMD_compressed_3DC_texture}</li> 4660664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez </ul> 4670664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</ul> 4680664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 4690664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p class="warning"><strong>Warning:</strong> These texture compression formats are <em>not 4700664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezsupported</em> on all devices. Support for these formats can vary by manufacturer and device. For 4710664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezinformation on how to determine what texture compression formats are on a particular device, see 4720664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezthe next section. 4730664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</p> 4740664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 4750664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Once you decide which texture compression formats your 4760664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezapplication will support, make sure you declare them in your manifest using <a 4770664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/supports-gl-texture-element.html"><supports-gl-texture> 4780664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</a>. Using this declaration enables filtering by external services such as Android Market, so that 4790664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezyour app is installed only on devices that support the formats your app requires. For details, see 4800664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<a 4810664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezhref="{@docRoot}guide/topics/graphics/opengl.html#manifest">OpenGL manifest declarations</a>.</p> 4820664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 4830664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<h3 id="gl-extension-query">Determining OpenGL extensions</h3> 4840664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>Implementations of OpenGL vary by Android device in terms of the extensions to the OpenGL ES API 4850664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezthat are supported. These extensions include texture compressions, but typically also include other 4860664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezextensions to the OpenGL feature set.</p> 4870664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 4880664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>To determine what texture compression formats, and other OpenGL extensions, are supported on a 4890664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezparticular device:</p> 490a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<ol> 491a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez <li>Run the following code on your target devices to determine what texture compression 492a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezformats are supported: 493a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez<pre> 494a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez String extensions = javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10.glGetString(GL10.GL_EXTENSIONS); 495a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez</pre> 4960664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <p class="warning"><b>Warning:</b> The results of this call <em>vary by device!</em> You 4970664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezmust run this call on several target devices to determine what compression types are commonly 4980664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezsupported.</p> 499a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez </li> 5000664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li>Review the output of this method to determine what OpenGL extensions are supported on the 501a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandezdevice.</li> 502a53afedf783176d531e7cf8744f9b07ce60a5c92Joe Fernandez</ol> 5039066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 5049066cfe9886ac131c34d59ed0e2d287b0e3c0087The Android Open Source Project 5050664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<h2 id="choosing-version">Choosing an OpenGL API Version</h2> 5060664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 5070664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>OpenGL ES API version 1.0 (and the 1.1 extensions) and version 2.0 both provide high 5080664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezperformance graphics interfaces for creating 3D games, visualizations and user interfaces. Graphics 5090664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezprogramming for the OpenGL ES 1.0/1.1 API versus ES 2.0 differs significantly, and so developers 5100664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezshould carefully consider the following factors before starting development with either API:</p> 5110664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 5120664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<ul> 5130664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>Performance</strong> - In general, OpenGL ES 2.0 provides faster graphics performance 5140664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezthan the ES 1.0/1.1 APIs. However, the performance difference can vary depending on the Android 5150664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdevice your OpenGL application is running on, due to differences in the implementation of the OpenGL 5160664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezgraphics pipeline.</li> 5170664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>Device Compatibility</strong> - Developers should consider the types of devices, 5180664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezAndroid versions and the OpenGL ES versions available to their customers. For more information 5190664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezon OpenGL compatibility across devices, see the <a href="#compatibility">OpenGL Versions and Device 5200664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe FernandezCompatibility</a> section.</li> 5210664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>Coding Convenience</strong> - The OpenGL ES 1.0/1.1 API provides a fixed function 5220664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezpipeline and convenience functions which are not available in the ES 2.0 API. Developers who are new 5230664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezto OpenGL may find coding for OpenGL ES 1.0/1.1 faster and more convenient.</li> 5240664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez <li><strong>Graphics Control</strong> - The OpenGL ES 2.0 API provides a higher degree 5250664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezof control by providing a fully programmable pipeline through the use of shaders. With more 5260664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdirect control of the graphics processing pipeline, developers can create effects that would be 5270664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezvery difficult to generate using the 1.0/1.1 API.</li> 5280664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez</ul> 5290664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez 5300664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandez<p>While performance, compatibility, convenience, control and other factors may influence your 5310664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezdecision, you should pick an OpenGL API version based on what you think provides the best experience 5320664a8f661e15991e20cab1c0daa41f5e21977abJoe Fernandezfor your users.</p> 533