newfs_msdos.c revision eab453c612d6d422f863c31da67f00bc4beec914
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#ifndef lint 29static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $"; 31#endif /* not lint */ 32 33#include <sys/param.h> 34 35#ifndef ANDROID 36 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 37 #include <sys/disk.h> 38 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 39 #include <sys/mount.h> 40#else 41 #include <stdarg.h> 42 #include <linux/fs.h> 43 #include <linux/hdreg.h> 44#endif 45 46#include <sys/stat.h> 47#include <sys/time.h> 48 49#include <ctype.h> 50#include <err.h> 51#include <errno.h> 52#include <fcntl.h> 53#include <inttypes.h> 54#include <paths.h> 55#include <stdio.h> 56#include <stdlib.h> 57#include <string.h> 58#include <time.h> 59#include <unistd.h> 60 61#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 62#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 63#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 64 65#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 66#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 67#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 68#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 69#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 70#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 71#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 72#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 73#define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 74#define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 75#define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 76#define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 77#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 78#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 79 80#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 81 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 82 MINCLS32) 83 84#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 85 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 86 MAXCLS32) 87 88#define mk1(p, x) \ 89 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 90 91#define mk2(p, x) \ 92 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 93 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 94 95#define mk4(p, x) \ 96 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 97 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 98 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 99 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 100 101#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 102#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 103#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 104#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 105 106struct bs { 107 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 108 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 109}; 110 111struct bsbpb { 112 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 113 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 114 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 115 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 116 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 117 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 118 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 119 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 121 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 122 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 123 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 124}; 125 126struct bsxbpb { 127 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 128 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 129 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 130 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 131 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 132 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 133 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 134}; 135 136struct bsx { 137 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 140 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 141 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 142 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 143}; 144 145struct de { 146 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 147 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 148 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 149 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 150 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 151 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 152 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 153}; 154 155struct bpb { 156 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 157 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 158 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 159 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 160 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 161 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 162 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 163 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 164 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 165 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 166 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 167 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 168 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 169 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 170 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 171 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 172}; 173 174#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 175 176static struct { 177 const char *name; 178 struct bpb bpb; 179} const stdfmt[] = { 180 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 188 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 189 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 190}; 191 192static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 193 0xfa, /* cli */ 194 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 195 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 196 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 197 0xfb, /* sti */ 198 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 199 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 200 0x5e, /* pop si */ 201 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 202 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 203 0xfc, /* cld */ 204 0xac, /* lodsb */ 205 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 206 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 207 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 208 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 209 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 210 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 211 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 212 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 213 0x0d, 0x0a, 214 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 215 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 216 0x0d, 0x0a, 217 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 218 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 219 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 220 0x0d, 0x0a, 221 0 222}; 223 224static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 225static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 226static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 227 struct bpb *); 228static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 229static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 230static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 231static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 232static int oklabel(const char *); 233static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 234static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 235static void usage(void); 236 237#ifdef ANDROID 238static void err(int val, const char *fmt, ...) { 239 va_list ap; 240 va_start(ap, fmt); 241 char *fmt2; 242 asprintf(&fmt2, "%s\n", fmt); 243 vfprintf(stderr, fmt2, ap); 244 free(fmt2); 245 va_end(ap); 246} 247 248static void errx(int val, const char *fmt, ...) { 249 va_list ap; 250 va_start(ap, fmt); 251 char *fmt2; 252 asprintf(&fmt2, "%s\n", fmt); 253 vfprintf(stderr, fmt2, ap); 254 free(fmt2); 255 va_end(ap); 256} 257 258static void warnx(const char *fmt, ...) { 259 va_list ap; 260 va_start(ap, fmt); 261 char *fmt2; 262 asprintf(&fmt2, "%s\n", fmt); 263 vfprintf(stderr, fmt2, ap); 264 free(fmt2); 265 va_end(ap); 266} 267#define powerof2(x) ((((x) - 1) & (x)) == 0) 268#define howmany(x, y) (((x) + ((y) - 1)) / (y)) 269#define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y)) 270#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) 271 272#endif 273/* 274 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 275 */ 276int 277newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[]) 278{ 279 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 280 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 281 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 282 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 283 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 284 int opt_N = 0; 285 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 286 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 287 struct stat sb; 288 struct timeval tv; 289 struct bpb bpb; 290 struct tm *tm; 291 struct bs *bs; 292 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 293 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 294 struct bsx *bsx; 295 struct de *de; 296 u_int8_t *img; 297 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 298 ssize_t n; 299 time_t now; 300 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 301 int ch, fd, fd1; 302 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 303 304 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 305 switch (ch) { 306 case '@': 307 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 308 break; 309 case 'N': 310 opt_N = 1; 311 break; 312 case 'B': 313 opt_B = optarg; 314 break; 315 case 'C': 316 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 317 break; 318 case 'F': 319 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 320 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 321 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 322 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 323 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 324 break; 325 case 'I': 326 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 327 Iflag = 1; 328 break; 329 case 'L': 330 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 331 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 332 opt_L = optarg; 333 break; 334 case 'O': 335 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 336 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 337 opt_O = optarg; 338 break; 339 case 'S': 340 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 341 break; 342 case 'a': 343 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 344 break; 345 case 'b': 346 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 347 opt_c = 0; 348 break; 349 case 'c': 350 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 351 opt_b = 0; 352 break; 353 case 'e': 354 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 355 break; 356 case 'f': 357 opt_f = optarg; 358 break; 359 case 'h': 360 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 361 break; 362 case 'i': 363 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 364 break; 365 case 'k': 366 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 367 break; 368 case 'm': 369 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 370 mflag = 1; 371 break; 372 case 'n': 373 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 374 break; 375 case 'o': 376 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 377 oflag = 1; 378 break; 379 case 'r': 380 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 381 break; 382 case 's': 383 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 384 break; 385 case 'u': 386 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 387 break; 388 default: 389 usage(); 390 } 391 argc -= optind; 392 argv += optind; 393 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 394 usage(); 395 fname = *argv++; 396 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 397 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 398 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 399 err(1, NULL); 400 } 401 dtype = *argv; 402 if (opt_create) { 403 if (opt_N) 404 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 405 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 406 if (fd == -1) 407 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 408 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 409 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 410 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 411 err(1, "%s", fname); 412 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 413 err(1, "%s", fname); 414 if (opt_create) { 415 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 416 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 417 } else { 418 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 419 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 420 } 421 if (!opt_N) 422 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 423 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 424 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 425 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 426 if (opt_f) { 427 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 428 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 429 bpb.sec = 0; 430 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 431 bpb.spf = 0; 432 } 433 if (opt_h) 434 bpb.hds = opt_h; 435 if (opt_u) 436 bpb.spt = opt_u; 437 if (opt_S) 438 bpb.bps = opt_S; 439 if (opt_s) 440 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 441 if (oflag) 442 bpb.hid = opt_o; 443 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 444 off_t delta; 445 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 446 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 447 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 448 if (delta != 0) { 449 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 450 (int)delta, bpb.spt); 451 bpb.bsec -= delta; 452 } 453 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 454 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 455 bpb.spc = 1; 456 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 457 bpb.spc = 8; 458 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 459 bpb.spc = 16; 460 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 461 bpb.spc = 32; 462 else 463 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 464 } 465 } 466 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 467 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 468 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 469 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 470 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 471 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 472 if (opt_f) 473 fat = 12; 474 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 475 fat = 32; 476 } 477 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 478 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 479 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 480 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 481 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 482 bpb.rde = 0; 483 if (opt_b) { 484 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 485 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 486 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 487 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 488 opt_b, bpb.bps); 489 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 490 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 491 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 492 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 493 } 494 if (opt_c) { 495 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 496 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 497 bpb.spc = opt_c; 498 } 499 if (opt_r) 500 bpb.res = opt_r; 501 if (opt_n) { 502 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 503 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 504 opt_n, MAXNFT); 505 bpb.nft = opt_n; 506 } 507 if (opt_e) 508 bpb.rde = opt_e; 509 if (mflag) { 510 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 511 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 512 bpb.mid = opt_m; 513 } 514 if (opt_a) 515 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 516 if (opt_i) 517 bpb.infs = opt_i; 518 if (opt_k) 519 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 520 bss = 1; 521 bname = NULL; 522 fd1 = -1; 523 if (opt_B) { 524 bname = opt_B; 525 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 526 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 527 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 528 err(1, NULL); 529 } 530 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 531 err(1, "%s", bname); 532 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 533 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 534 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 535 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 536 } 537 if (!bpb.nft) 538 bpb.nft = 2; 539 if (!fat) { 540 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 541 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 542 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 543 bpb.nft + 544 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 545 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 546 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 547 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 548 fat = 12; 549 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 550 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 551 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 552 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 553 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 554 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 555 fat = 16; 556 else 557 fat = 32; 558 } 559 x = bss; 560 if (fat == 32) { 561 if (!bpb.infs) { 562 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 563 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 564 bpb.infs = x; 565 } 566 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 567 x = bpb.infs + 1; 568 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 569 if (x == MAXU16) 570 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 571 bpb.bkbs = x; 572 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 573 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 574 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 575 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 576 } 577 if (!bpb.res) 578 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 579 else if (bpb.res < x) 580 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 581 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 582 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 583 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 584 if (!bpb.spc) 585 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 586 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 587 bpb.res + 588 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 589 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 590 rds + 591 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 592 bpb.spc <<= 1); 593 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 594 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 595 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 596 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 597 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 598 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 599 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 600 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 601 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 602 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 603 bpb.bps * NPB); 604 if (!bpb.bspf) { 605 bpb.bspf = x2; 606 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 607 } 608 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 609 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 610 if (cls > x) 611 cls = x; 612 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 613 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 614 cls); 615 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 616 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 617 mincls(fat)); 618 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 619 cls = maxcls(fat); 620 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 621 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 622 bpb.bsec); 623 } 624 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 625 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 626 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 627 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 628 if (!bpb.mid) 629 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 630 if (fat == 32) 631 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 632 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 633 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 634 bpb.bsec = 0; 635 } 636 if (fat != 32) { 637 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 638 bpb.bspf = 0; 639 } 640 print_bpb(&bpb); 641 if (!opt_N) { 642 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 643 now = tv.tv_sec; 644 tm = localtime(&now); 645 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 646 err(1, NULL); 647 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 648 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 649 x = lsn; 650 if (opt_B && 651 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 652 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 653 x -= bpb.bkbs; 654 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 655 err(1, "%s", bname); 656 } 657 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 658 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 659 err(1, "%s", bname); 660 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 661 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 662 } else 663 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 664 if (!lsn || 665 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 666 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 667 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 668 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 669 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 670 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 671 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 672 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 673 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 674 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 675 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 676 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 677 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 678 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 679 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 680 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 681 if (fat == 32) { 682 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 683 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 684 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 685 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 686 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 687 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 688 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 689 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 690 } 691 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 692 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 693 if (Iflag) 694 x = opt_I; 695 else 696 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 697 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 698 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 699 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 700 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 701 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 702 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 703 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 704 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 705 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 706 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 707 if (!opt_B) { 708 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 709 bs = (struct bs *)img; 710 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 711 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 712 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 713 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 714 sizeof(bs->oem)); 715 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 716 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 717 } 718 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 719 (lsn == bpb.infs || 720 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 721 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 722 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 723 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 724 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 725 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 726 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 727 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 728 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 729 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 730 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 731 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 732 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 733 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 734 de = (struct de *)img; 735 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 736 mk1(de->attr, 050); 737 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 738 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 739 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 740 mk2(de->time, x); 741 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 742 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 743 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 744 mk2(de->date, x); 745 } 746 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 747 err(1, "%s", fname); 748 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) { 749 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 750 exit(1); 751 } 752 } 753 } 754 return 0; 755} 756 757/* 758 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 759 */ 760static void 761check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 762{ 763 struct statfs *mp; 764 const char *s1, *s2; 765 size_t len; 766 int n, r; 767 768#ifdef ANDROID 769 warnx("Skipping mount checks"); 770#else 771 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 772 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 773 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 774 s1 = fname; 775 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 776 s1 += len; 777 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 778 for (; n--; mp++) { 779 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 780 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 781 s2 += len; 782 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 783 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 784 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 785 } 786#endif 787} 788 789/* 790 * Get a standard format. 791 */ 792static void 793getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 794{ 795 u_int x, i; 796 797 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 798 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 799 if (i == x) 800 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 801 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 802} 803 804/* 805 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 806 */ 807 808#ifdef ANDROID 809static void 810getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 811 struct bpb *bpb) 812{ 813 struct hd_geometry geom; 814 815 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) { 816 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 817 exit(1); 818 } 819 820 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector"); 821 822 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) { 823 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 824 exit(1); 825 } 826 827 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) { 828 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno)); 829 geom.heads = 64; 830 geom.sectors = 63; 831 } 832 833 if (!geom.heads) { 834 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 835 geom.heads = 64; 836 } 837 838 if (!geom.sectors) { 839 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 840 geom.sectors = 63; 841 } 842 843 bpb->spt = geom.sectors; 844 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track"); 845 846 bpb->hds = geom.heads; 847 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads"); 848} 849 850#else 851 852static void 853getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 854 struct bpb *bpb) 855{ 856 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 857 struct fd_type type; 858 off_t ms, hs = 0; 859 860 lp = NULL; 861 862 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 863 if (dtype != NULL) { 864 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 865 } 866 867 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 868 if (lp == NULL) { 869 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 870 struct stat st; 871 872 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 873 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 874 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 875 ms = st.st_size; 876 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 877 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 878 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 879 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 880 lp = &dlp; 881 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 882 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 883 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 884 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 885 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 886 lp = &dlp; 887 } 888 } 889 890 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 891 if (lp == NULL) { 892 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 893 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 894 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 895 896 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */ 897 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 898 899 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 900 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 901 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 902 } 903 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 904 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 905 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 906 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 907 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 908 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 909 else 910 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 911 } 912 } 913 914 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 915 lp = &dlp; 916 } 917 918 if (bpb->bps == 0) 919 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 920 if (bpb->spt == 0) 921 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 922 if (bpb->hds == 0) 923 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 924 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 925 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 926 if (bpb->hid == 0) 927 bpb->hid = hs; 928} 929#endif 930 931/* 932 * Print out BPB values. 933 */ 934static void 935print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 936{ 937 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 938 bpb->nft); 939 if (bpb->rde) 940 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 941 if (bpb->sec) 942 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 943 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 944 if (bpb->spf) 945 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 946 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 947 if (bpb->bsec) 948 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 949 if (!bpb->spf) { 950 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 951 printf(" infs="); 952 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 953 printf(" bkbs="); 954 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 955 } 956 printf("\n"); 957} 958 959/* 960 * Check a disk geometry value. 961 */ 962static u_int 963ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 964{ 965 if (!val) 966 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 967 if (val > MAXU16) 968 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 969 return val; 970} 971 972/* 973 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 974 */ 975static u_int 976argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 977{ 978 char *s; 979 u_long x; 980 981 errno = 0; 982 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 983 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 984 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 985 return x; 986} 987 988/* 989 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 990 */ 991static off_t 992argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 993{ 994 char *s; 995 off_t x; 996 997 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 998 /* allow at most one extra char */ 999 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 1000 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 1001 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 1002 switch (*s) { 1003 default: 1004 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 1005 /* notreached */ 1006 1007 case 's': /* sector */ 1008 case 'S': 1009 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 1010 break; 1011 1012 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 1013 case 'K': 1014 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 1015 break; 1016 1017 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 1018 case 'M': 1019 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 1020 break; 1021 1022 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 1023 case 'G': 1024 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 1025 break; 1026 1027 case 'p': /* partition start */ 1028 case 'P': /* partition start */ 1029 case 'l': /* partition length */ 1030 case 'L': /* partition length */ 1031 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 1032 /* notreached */ 1033 } 1034 } 1035 return x; 1036} 1037 1038/* 1039 * Check a volume label. 1040 */ 1041static int 1042oklabel(const char *src) 1043{ 1044 int c, i; 1045 1046 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1047 c = (u_char)*src++; 1048 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1049 break; 1050 } 1051 return i && !c; 1052} 1053 1054/* 1055 * Make a volume label. 1056 */ 1057static void 1058mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1059{ 1060 int c, i; 1061 1062 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1063 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1064 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1065 } 1066} 1067 1068/* 1069 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1070 */ 1071static void 1072setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1073{ 1074 while (len--) 1075 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1076} 1077 1078/* 1079 * Print usage message. 1080 */ 1081static void 1082usage(void) 1083{ 1084 fprintf(stderr, 1085 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 1086 "where the options are:\n" 1087 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 1088 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 1089 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 1090 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 1091 "\t-I volume ID\n" 1092 "\t-L volume label\n" 1093 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 1094 "\t-O OEM string\n" 1095 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1096 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1097 "\t-b block size\n" 1098 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1099 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1100 "\t-f standard format\n" 1101 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1102 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1103 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1104 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1105 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1106 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1107 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1108 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1109 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1110 exit(1); 1111} 1112