15821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Copyright 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
25821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
3eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
4eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch// that can be found in the COPYING file in the root of the source
5eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch// tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
6eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch// in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
7eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch// be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
85821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
95821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
105821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Quantize levels for specified number of quantization-levels ([2, 256]).
115821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Min and max values are preserved (usual 0 and 255 for alpha plane).
125821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
135821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Author: Skal (pascal.massimino@gmail.com)
145821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
155821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include <assert.h>
165821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
175821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "./quant_levels.h"
185821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
195821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#if defined(__cplusplus) || defined(c_plusplus)
205821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)extern "C" {
215821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#endif
225821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
235821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#define NUM_SYMBOLS     256
245821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
255821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#define MAX_ITER  6             // Maximum number of convergence steps.
265821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#define ERROR_THRESHOLD 1e-4    // MSE stopping criterion.
275821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
285821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
295821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Quantize levels.
305821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
315821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)int QuantizeLevels(uint8_t* const data, int width, int height,
325821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)                   int num_levels, uint64_t* const sse) {
335821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  int freq[NUM_SYMBOLS] = { 0 };
345821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  int q_level[NUM_SYMBOLS] = { 0 };
355821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  double inv_q_level[NUM_SYMBOLS] = { 0 };
365821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  int min_s = 255, max_s = 0;
375821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  const size_t data_size = height * width;
385821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  int i, num_levels_in, iter;
395821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  double last_err = 1.e38, err = 0.;
405821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  const double err_threshold = ERROR_THRESHOLD * data_size;
415821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
425821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (data == NULL) {
435821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    return 0;
445821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
455821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
465821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
475821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    return 0;
485821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
495821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
505821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (num_levels < 2 || num_levels > 256) {
515821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    return 0;
525821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
535821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
545821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  {
555821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    size_t n;
565821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    num_levels_in = 0;
575821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    for (n = 0; n < data_size; ++n) {
585821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      num_levels_in += (freq[data[n]] == 0);
595821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      if (min_s > data[n]) min_s = data[n];
605821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      if (max_s < data[n]) max_s = data[n];
615821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      ++freq[data[n]];
625821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
635821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
645821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
655821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (num_levels_in <= num_levels) goto End;  // nothing to do!
665821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
675821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Start with uniformly spread centroids.
685821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  for (i = 0; i < num_levels; ++i) {
695821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    inv_q_level[i] = min_s + (double)(max_s - min_s) * i / (num_levels - 1);
705821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
715821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
725821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Fixed values. Won't be changed.
735821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  q_level[min_s] = 0;
745821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  q_level[max_s] = num_levels - 1;
755821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  assert(inv_q_level[0] == min_s);
765821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  assert(inv_q_level[num_levels - 1] == max_s);
775821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
785821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // k-Means iterations.
795821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  for (iter = 0; iter < MAX_ITER; ++iter) {
805821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    double q_sum[NUM_SYMBOLS] = { 0 };
815821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    double q_count[NUM_SYMBOLS] = { 0 };
825821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    int s, slot = 0;
835821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
845821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // Assign classes to representatives.
855821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    for (s = min_s; s <= max_s; ++s) {
865821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      // Keep track of the nearest neighbour 'slot'
875821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      while (slot < num_levels - 1 &&
885821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)             2 * s > inv_q_level[slot] + inv_q_level[slot + 1]) {
895821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        ++slot;
905821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      }
915821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      if (freq[s] > 0) {
925821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        q_sum[slot] += s * freq[s];
935821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        q_count[slot] += freq[s];
945821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      }
955821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      q_level[s] = slot;
965821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
975821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
985821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // Assign new representatives to classes.
995821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    if (num_levels > 2) {
1005821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      for (slot = 1; slot < num_levels - 1; ++slot) {
1015821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        const double count = q_count[slot];
1025821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        if (count > 0.) {
1035821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)          inv_q_level[slot] = q_sum[slot] / count;
1045821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        }
1055821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      }
1065821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
1075821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1085821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // Compute convergence error.
1095821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    err = 0.;
1105821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    for (s = min_s; s <= max_s; ++s) {
1115821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      const double error = s - inv_q_level[q_level[s]];
1125821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      err += freq[s] * error * error;
1135821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
1145821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1155821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // Check for convergence: we stop as soon as the error is no
1165821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // longer improving.
1175821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    if (last_err - err < err_threshold) break;
1185821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    last_err = err;
1195821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
1205821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1215821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Remap the alpha plane to quantized values.
1225821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  {
1235821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // double->int rounding operation can be costly, so we do it
1245821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // once for all before remapping. We also perform the data[] -> slot
1255821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // mapping, while at it (avoid one indirection in the final loop).
1265821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    uint8_t map[NUM_SYMBOLS];
1275821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    int s;
1285821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    size_t n;
1295821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    for (s = min_s; s <= max_s; ++s) {
1305821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      const int slot = q_level[s];
1315821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      map[s] = (uint8_t)(inv_q_level[slot] + .5);
1325821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
1335821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // Final pass.
1345821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    for (n = 0; n < data_size; ++n) {
1355821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      data[n] = map[data[n]];
1365821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
1375821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
1385821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles) End:
1395821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Store sum of squared error if needed.
1405821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (sse != NULL) *sse = (uint64_t)err;
1415821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1425821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  return 1;
1435821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1445821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1455821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#if defined(__cplusplus) || defined(c_plusplus)
1465821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}    // extern "C"
1475821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#endif
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