xref: /frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Fragment.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.app;

import android.animation.Animator;
import android.content.ComponentCallbacks;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.util.AndroidRuntimeException;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.DebugUtils;
import android.util.SparseArray;
import android.view.ContextMenu;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo;
import android.view.View.OnCreateContextMenuListener;
import android.widget.AdapterView;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;

final class FragmentState implements Parcelable {
    final String mClassName;
    final int mIndex;
    final boolean mFromLayout;
    final int mFragmentId;
    final int mContainerId;
    final String mTag;
    final boolean mRetainInstance;
    final boolean mDetached;
    final Bundle mArguments;

    Bundle mSavedFragmentState;

    Fragment mInstance;

    public FragmentState(Fragment frag) {
        mClassName = frag.getClass().getName();
        mIndex = frag.mIndex;
        mFromLayout = frag.mFromLayout;
        mFragmentId = frag.mFragmentId;
        mContainerId = frag.mContainerId;
        mTag = frag.mTag;
        mRetainInstance = frag.mRetainInstance;
        mDetached = frag.mDetached;
        mArguments = frag.mArguments;
    }

    public FragmentState(Parcel in) {
        mClassName = in.readString();
        mIndex = in.readInt();
        mFromLayout = in.readInt() != 0;
        mFragmentId = in.readInt();
        mContainerId = in.readInt();
        mTag = in.readString();
        mRetainInstance = in.readInt() != 0;
        mDetached = in.readInt() != 0;
        mArguments = in.readBundle();
        mSavedFragmentState = in.readBundle();
    }

    public Fragment instantiate(Activity activity) {
        if (mInstance != null) {
            return mInstance;
        }

        if (mArguments != null) {
            mArguments.setClassLoader(activity.getClassLoader());
        }

        mInstance = Fragment.instantiate(activity, mClassName, mArguments);

        if (mSavedFragmentState != null) {
            mSavedFragmentState.setClassLoader(activity.getClassLoader());
            mInstance.mSavedFragmentState = mSavedFragmentState;
        }
        mInstance.setIndex(mIndex);
        mInstance.mFromLayout = mFromLayout;
        mInstance.mRestored = true;
        mInstance.mFragmentId = mFragmentId;
        mInstance.mContainerId = mContainerId;
        mInstance.mTag = mTag;
        mInstance.mRetainInstance = mRetainInstance;
        mInstance.mDetached = mDetached;
        mInstance.mFragmentManager = activity.mFragments;

        return mInstance;
    }

    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(mClassName);
        dest.writeInt(mIndex);
        dest.writeInt(mFromLayout ? 1 : 0);
        dest.writeInt(mFragmentId);
        dest.writeInt(mContainerId);
        dest.writeString(mTag);
        dest.writeInt(mRetainInstance ? 1 : 0);
        dest.writeInt(mDetached ? 1 : 0);
        dest.writeBundle(mArguments);
        dest.writeBundle(mSavedFragmentState);
    }

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<FragmentState> CREATOR
            = new Parcelable.Creator<FragmentState>() {
        public FragmentState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new FragmentState(in);
        }

        public FragmentState[] newArray(int size) {
            return new FragmentState[size];
        }
    };
}

/**
 * A Fragment is a piece of an application's user interface or behavior
 * that can be placed in an {@link Activity}.  Interaction with fragments
 * is done through {@link FragmentManager}, which can be obtained via
 * {@link Activity#getFragmentManager() Activity.getFragmentManager()} and
 * {@link Fragment#getFragmentManager() Fragment.getFragmentManager()}.
 *
 * <p>The Fragment class can be used many ways to achieve a wide variety of
 * results.  It is core, it represents a particular operation or interface
 * that is running within a larger {@link Activity}.  A Fragment is closely
 * tied to the Activity it is in, and can not be used apart from one.  Though
 * Fragment defines its own lifecycle, that lifecycle is dependent on its
 * activity: if the activity is stopped, no fragments inside of it can be
 * started; when the activity is destroyed, all fragments will be destroyed.
 *
 * <p>All subclasses of Fragment must include a public empty constructor.
 * The framework will often re-instantiate a fragment class when needed,
 * in particular during state restore, and needs to be able to find this
 * constructor to instantiate it.  If the empty constructor is not available,
 * a runtime exception will occur in some cases during state restore.
 *
 * <p>Topics covered here:
 * <ol>
 * <li><a href="#OlderPlatforms">Older Platforms</a>
 * <li><a href="#Lifecycle">Lifecycle</a>
 * <li><a href="#Layout">Layout</a>
 * <li><a href="#BackStack">Back Stack</a>
 * </ol>
 *
 * <a name="OlderPlatforms"></a>
 * <h3>Older Platforms</h3>
 *
 * While the Fragment API was introduced in
 * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}, a version of the API
 * is also available for use on older platforms.  See the blog post
 * <a href="http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/03/fragments-for-all.html">
 * Fragments For All</a> for more details.
 *
 * <a name="Lifecycle"></a>
 * <h3>Lifecycle</h3>
 *
 * <p>Though a Fragment's lifecycle is tied to its owning activity, it has
 * its own wrinkle on the standard activity lifecycle.  It includes basic
 * activity lifecycle methods such as {@link #onResume}, but also important
 * are methods related to interactions with the activity and UI generation.
 *
 * <p>The core series of lifecycle methods that are called to bring a fragment
 * up to resumed state (interacting with the user) are:
 *
 * <ol>
 * <li> {@link #onAttach} called once the fragment is associated with its activity.
 * <li> {@link #onCreate} called to do initial creation of the fragment.
 * <li> {@link #onCreateView} creates and returns the view hierarchy associated
 * with the fragment.
 * <li> {@link #onActivityCreated} tells the fragment that its activity has
 * completed its own {@link Activity#onCreate Activity.onCreaate}.
 * <li> {@link #onStart} makes the fragment visible to the user (based on its
 * containing activity being started).
 * <li> {@link #onResume} makes the fragment interacting with the user (based on its
 * containing activity being resumed).
 * </ol>
 *
 * <p>As a fragment is no longer being used, it goes through a reverse
 * series of callbacks:
 *
 * <ol>
 * <li> {@link #onPause} fragment is no longer interacting with the user either
 * because its activity is being paused or a fragment operation is modifying it
 * in the activity.
 * <li> {@link #onStop} fragment is no longer visible to the user either
 * because its activity is being stopped or a fragment operation is modifying it
 * in the activity.
 * <li> {@link #onDestroyView} allows the fragment to clean up resources
 * associated with its View.
 * <li> {@link #onDestroy} called to do final cleanup of the fragment's state.
 * <li> {@link #onDetach} called immediately prior to the fragment no longer
 * being associated with its activity.
 * </ol>
 *
 * <a name="Layout"></a>
 * <h3>Layout</h3>
 *
 * <p>Fragments can be used as part of your application's layout, allowing
 * you to better modularize your code and more easily adjust your user
 * interface to the screen it is running on.  As an example, we can look
 * at a simple program consisting of a list of items, and display of the
 * details of each item.</p>
 *
 * <p>An activity's layout XML can include <code>&lt;fragment&gt;</code> tags
 * to embed fragment instances inside of the layout.  For example, here is
 * a simple layout that embeds one fragment:</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout/fragment_layout.xml layout}
 *
 * <p>The layout is installed in the activity in the normal way:</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java
 *      main}
 *
 * <p>The titles fragment, showing a list of titles, is fairly simple, relying
 * on {@link ListFragment} for most of its work.  Note the implementation of
 * clicking an item: depending on the current activity's layout, it can either
 * create and display a new fragment to show the details in-place (more about
 * this later), or start a new activity show the details.</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java
 *      titles}
 *
 * <p>The details fragment showing the contents of selected item here just
 * displays a string of text based on an index of a string array built in to
 * the app:</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java
 *      details}
 *
 * <p>In this case when the user clicks on a title, there is no details
 * container in the current activity, so the title title fragment's click code will
 * launch a new activity to display the details fragment:</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java
 *      details_activity}
 *
 * <p>However the screen may be large enough to show both the list of titles
 * and details about the currently selected title.  To use such a layout on
 * a landscape screen, this alternative layout can be placed under layout-land:</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml layout}
 *
 * <p>Note how the prior code will adjust to this alternative UI flow: the titles
 * fragment will now embed the details fragment inside of this activity, and the
 * details activity will finish itself if it is running in a configuration
 * where the details can be shown in-place.
 *
 * <p>When a configuration change causes the activity hosting these fragments
 * to restart, its new instance may use a different layout that doesn't
 * include the same fragments as the previous layout.  In this case all of
 * the previous fragments will still be instantiated and running in the new
 * instance.  However, any that are no longer associated with a &lt;fragment&gt;
 * tag in the view hierarchy will not have their content view created
 * and will return false from {@link #isInLayout}.  (The code here also shows
 * how you can determine if a fragment placed in a container is no longer
 * running in a layout with that container and avoid creating its view hierarchy
 * in that case.)
 *
 * <p>The attributes of the &lt;fragment&gt; tag are used to control the
 * LayoutParams provided when attaching the fragment's view to the parent
 * container.  They can also be parsed by the fragment in {@link #onInflate}
 * as parameters.
 *
 * <p>The fragment being instantiated must have some kind of unique identifier
 * so that it can be re-associated with a previous instance if the parent
 * activity needs to be destroyed and recreated.  This can be provided these
 * ways:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>If nothing is explicitly supplied, the view ID of the container will
 * be used.
 * <li><code>android:tag</code> can be used in &lt;fragment&gt; to provide
 * a specific tag name for the fragment.
 * <li><code>android:id</code> can be used in &lt;fragment&gt; to provide
 * a specific identifier for the fragment.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <a name="BackStack"></a>
 * <h3>Back Stack</h3>
 *
 * <p>The transaction in which fragments are modified can be placed on an
 * internal back-stack of the owning activity.  When the user presses back
 * in the activity, any transactions on the back stack are popped off before
 * the activity itself is finished.
 *
 * <p>For example, consider this simple fragment that is instantiated with
 * an integer argument and displays that in a TextView in its UI:</p>
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentStack.java
 *      fragment}
 *
 * <p>A function that creates a new instance of the fragment, replacing
 * whatever current fragment instance is being shown and pushing that change
 * on to the back stack could be written as:
 *
 * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentStack.java
 *      add_stack}
 *
 * <p>After each call to this function, a new entry is on the stack, and
 * pressing back will pop it to return the user to whatever previous state
 * the activity UI was in.
 */
public class Fragment implements ComponentCallbacks, OnCreateContextMenuListener {
    private static final HashMap<String, Class<?>> sClassMap =
            new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();

    static final int INITIALIZING = 0;     // Not yet created.
    static final int CREATED = 1;          // Created.
    static final int ACTIVITY_CREATED = 2; // The activity has finished its creation.
    static final int STOPPED = 3;          // Fully created, not started.
    static final int STARTED = 4;          // Created and started, not resumed.
    static final int RESUMED = 5;          // Created started and resumed.

    int mState = INITIALIZING;

    // Non-null if the fragment's view hierarchy is currently animating away,
    // meaning we need to wait a bit on completely destroying it.  This is the
    // animation that is running.
    Animator mAnimatingAway;

    // If mAnimatingAway != null, this is the state we should move to once the
    // animation is done.
    int mStateAfterAnimating;

    // When instantiated from saved state, this is the saved state.
    Bundle mSavedFragmentState;
    SparseArray<Parcelable> mSavedViewState;

    // Index into active fragment array.
    int mIndex = -1;

    // Internal unique name for this fragment;
    String mWho;

    // Construction arguments;
    Bundle mArguments;

    // Target fragment.
    Fragment mTarget;

    // Target request code.
    int mTargetRequestCode;

    // True if the fragment is in the list of added fragments.
    boolean mAdded;

    // If set this fragment is being removed from its activity.
    boolean mRemoving;

    // True if the fragment is in the resumed state.
    boolean mResumed;

    // Set to true if this fragment was instantiated from a layout file.
    boolean mFromLayout;

    // Set to true when the view has actually been inflated in its layout.
    boolean mInLayout;

    // True if this fragment has been restored from previously saved state.
    boolean mRestored;

    // Number of active back stack entries this fragment is in.
    int mBackStackNesting;

    // The fragment manager we are associated with.  Set as soon as the
    // fragment is used in a transaction; cleared after it has been removed
    // from all transactions.
    FragmentManager mFragmentManager;

    // Set as soon as a fragment is added to a transaction (or removed),
    // to be able to do validation.
    Activity mImmediateActivity;

    // Activity this fragment is attached to.
    Activity mActivity;

    // The optional identifier for this fragment -- either the container ID if it
    // was dynamically added to the view hierarchy, or the ID supplied in
    // layout.
    int mFragmentId;

    // When a fragment is being dynamically added to the view hierarchy, this
    // is the identifier of the parent container it is being added to.
    int mContainerId;

    // The optional named tag for this fragment -- usually used to find
    // fragments that are not part of the layout.
    String mTag;

    // Set to true when the app has requested that this fragment be hidden
    // from the user.
    boolean mHidden;

    // Set to true when the app has requested that this fragment be detached.
    boolean mDetached;

    // If set this fragment would like its instance retained across
    // configuration changes.
    boolean mRetainInstance;

    // If set this fragment is being retained across the current config change.
    boolean mRetaining;

    // If set this fragment has menu items to contribute.
    boolean mHasMenu;

    // Used to verify that subclasses call through to super class.
    boolean mCalled;

    // If app has requested a specific animation, this is the one to use.
    int mNextAnim;

    // The parent container of the fragment after dynamically added to UI.
    ViewGroup mContainer;

    // The View generated for this fragment.
    View mView;

    LoaderManagerImpl mLoaderManager;
    boolean mLoadersStarted;
    boolean mCheckedForLoaderManager;

    /**
     * State information that has been retrieved from a fragment instance
     * through {@link FragmentManager#saveFragmentInstanceState(Fragment)
     * FragmentManager.saveFragmentInstanceState}.
     */
    public static class SavedState implements Parcelable {
        final Bundle mState;

        SavedState(Bundle state) {
            mState = state;
        }

        SavedState(Parcel in, ClassLoader loader) {
            mState = in.readBundle();
            if (loader != null && mState != null) {
                mState.setClassLoader(loader);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public int describeContents() {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
            dest.writeBundle(mState);
        }

        public static final Parcelable.ClassLoaderCreator<SavedState> CREATOR
                = new Parcelable.ClassLoaderCreator<SavedState>() {
            public SavedState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
                return new SavedState(in, null);
            }

            public SavedState createFromParcel(Parcel in, ClassLoader loader) {
                return new SavedState(in, loader);
            }

            public SavedState[] newArray(int size) {
                return new SavedState[size];
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Thrown by {@link Fragment#instantiate(Context, String, Bundle)} when
     * there is an instantiation failure.
     */
    static public class InstantiationException extends AndroidRuntimeException {
        public InstantiationException(String msg, Exception cause) {
            super(msg, cause);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Default constructor.  <strong>Every</strong> fragment must have an
     * empty constructor, so it can be instantiated when restoring its
     * activity's state.  It is strongly recommended that subclasses do not
     * have other constructors with parameters, since these constructors
     * will not be called when the fragment is re-instantiated; instead,
     * arguments can be supplied by the caller with {@link #setArguments}
     * and later retrieved by the Fragment with {@link #getArguments}.
     *
     * <p>Applications should generally not implement a constructor.  The
     * first place application code an run where the fragment is ready to
     * be used is in {@link #onAttach(Activity)}, the point where the fragment
     * is actually associated with its activity.  Some applications may also
     * want to implement {@link #onInflate} to retrieve attributes from a
     * layout resource, though should take care here because this happens for
     * the fragment is attached to its activity.
     */
    public Fragment() {
    }

    /**
     * Like {@link #instantiate(Context, String, Bundle)} but with a null
     * argument Bundle.
     */
    public static Fragment instantiate(Context context, String fname) {
        return instantiate(context, fname, null);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new instance of a Fragment with the given class name.  This is
     * the same as calling its empty constructor.
     *
     * @param context The calling context being used to instantiate the fragment.
     * This is currently just used to get its ClassLoader.
     * @param fname The class name of the fragment to instantiate.
     * @param args Bundle of arguments to supply to the fragment, which it
     * can retrieve with {@link #getArguments()}.  May be null.
     * @return Returns a new fragment instance.
     * @throws InstantiationException If there is a failure in instantiating
     * the given fragment class.  This is a runtime exception; it is not
     * normally expected to happen.
     */
    public static Fragment instantiate(Context context, String fname, Bundle args) {
        try {
            Class<?> clazz = sClassMap.get(fname);
            if (clazz == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                clazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(fname);
                sClassMap.put(fname, clazz);
            }
            Fragment f = (Fragment)clazz.newInstance();
            if (args != null) {
                args.setClassLoader(f.getClass().getClassLoader());
                f.mArguments = args;
            }
            return f;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
                    + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
                    + " empty constructor that is public", e);
        } catch (java.lang.InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
                    + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
                    + " empty constructor that is public", e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname
                    + ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"
                    + " empty constructor that is public", e);
        }
    }

    final void restoreViewState() {
        if (mSavedViewState != null) {
            mView.restoreHierarchyState(mSavedViewState);
            mSavedViewState = null;
        }
    }

    final void setIndex(int index) {
        mIndex = index;
        mWho = "android:fragment:" + mIndex;
   }

    final void clearIndex() {
        mIndex = -1;
        mWho = null;
    }

    final boolean isInBackStack() {
        return mBackStackNesting > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Subclasses can not override equals().
     */
    @Override final public boolean equals(Object o) {
        return super.equals(o);
    }

    /**
     * Subclasses can not override hashCode().
     */
    @Override final public int hashCode() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
        DebugUtils.buildShortClassTag(this, sb);
        if (mIndex >= 0) {
            sb.append(" #");
            sb.append(mIndex);
        }
        if (mFragmentId != 0) {
            sb.append(" id=0x");
            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(mFragmentId));
        }
        if (mTag != null) {
            sb.append(" ");
            sb.append(mTag);
        }
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Return the identifier this fragment is known by.  This is either
     * the android:id value supplied in a layout or the container view ID
     * supplied when adding the fragment.
     */
    final public int getId() {
        return mFragmentId;
    }

    /**
     * Get the tag name of the fragment, if specified.
     */
    final public String getTag() {
        return mTag;
    }

    /**
     * Supply the construction arguments for this fragment.  This can only
     * be called before the fragment has been attached to its activity; that
     * is, you should call it immediately after constructing the fragment.  The
     * arguments supplied here will be retained across fragment destroy and
     * creation.
     */
    public void setArguments(Bundle args) {
        if (mIndex >= 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment already active");
        }
        mArguments = args;
    }

    /**
     * Return the arguments supplied when the fragment was instantiated,
     * if any.
     */
    final public Bundle getArguments() {
        return mArguments;
    }

    /**
     * Set the initial saved state that this Fragment should restore itself
     * from when first being constructed, as returned by
     * {@link FragmentManager#saveFragmentInstanceState(Fragment)
     * FragmentManager.saveFragmentInstanceState}.
     *
     * @param state The state the fragment should be restored from.
     */
    public void setInitialSavedState(SavedState state) {
        if (mIndex >= 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment already active");
        }
        mSavedFragmentState = state != null && state.mState != null
                ? state.mState : null;
    }

    /**
     * Optional target for this fragment.  This may be used, for example,
     * if this fragment is being started by another, and when done wants to
     * give a result back to the first.  The target set here is retained
     * across instances via {@link FragmentManager#putFragment
     * FragmentManager.putFragment()}.
     *
     * @param fragment The fragment that is the target of this one.
     * @param requestCode Optional request code, for convenience if you
     * are going to call back with {@link #onActivityResult(int, int, Intent)}.
     */
    public void setTargetFragment(Fragment fragment, int requestCode) {
        mTarget = fragment;
        mTargetRequestCode = requestCode;
    }

    /**
     * Return the target fragment set by {@link #setTargetFragment}.
     */
    final public Fragment getTargetFragment() {
        return mTarget;
    }

    /**
     * Return the target request code set by {@link #setTargetFragment}.
     */
    final public int getTargetRequestCode() {
        return mTargetRequestCode;
    }

    /**
     * Return the Activity this fragment is currently associated with.
     */
    final public Activity getActivity() {
        return mActivity;
    }

    /**
     * Return <code>getActivity().getResources()</code>.
     */
    final public Resources getResources() {
        if (mActivity == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + this + " not attached to Activity");
        }
        return mActivity.getResources();
    }

    /**
     * Return a localized, styled CharSequence from the application's package's
     * default string table.
     *
     * @param resId Resource id for the CharSequence text
     */
    public final CharSequence getText(int resId) {
        return getResources().getText(resId);
    }

    /**
     * Return a localized string from the application's package's
     * default string table.
     *
     * @param resId Resource id for the string
     */
    public final String getString(int resId) {
        return getResources().getString(resId);
    }

    /**
     * Return a localized formatted string from the application's package's
     * default string table, substituting the format arguments as defined in
     * {@link java.util.Formatter} and {@link java.lang.String#format}.
     *
     * @param resId Resource id for the format string
     * @param formatArgs The format arguments that will be used for substitution.
     */

    public final String getString(int resId, Object... formatArgs) {
        return getResources().getString(resId, formatArgs);
    }

    /**
     * Return the FragmentManager for interacting with fragments associated
     * with this fragment's activity.  Note that this will be non-null slightly
     * before {@link #getActivity()}, during the time from when the fragment is
     * placed in a {@link FragmentTransaction} until it is committed and
     * attached to its activity.
     */
    final public FragmentManager getFragmentManager() {
        return mFragmentManager;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the fragment is currently added to its activity.
     */
    final public boolean isAdded() {
        return mActivity != null && mAdded;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if this fragment is currently being removed from its
     * activity.  This is  <em>not</em> whether its activity is finishing, but
     * rather whether it is in the process of being removed from its activity.
     */
    final public boolean isRemoving() {
        return mRemoving;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the layout is included as part of an activity view
     * hierarchy via the &lt;fragment&gt; tag.  This will always be true when
     * fragments are created through the &lt;fragment&gt; tag, <em>except</em>
     * in the case where an old fragment is restored from a previous state and
     * it does not appear in the layout of the current state.
     */
    final public boolean isInLayout() {
        return mInLayout;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the fragment is in the resumed state.  This is true
     * for the duration of {@link #onResume()} and {@link #onPause()} as well.
     */
    final public boolean isResumed() {
        return mResumed;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the fragment is currently visible to the user.  This means
     * it: (1) has been added, (2) has its view attached to the window, and
     * (3) is not hidden.
     */
    final public boolean isVisible() {
        return isAdded() && !isHidden() && mView != null
                && mView.getWindowToken() != null && mView.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if the fragment has been hidden.  By default fragments
     * are shown.  You can find out about changes to this state with
     * {@link #onHiddenChanged}.  Note that the hidden state is orthogonal
     * to other states -- that is, to be visible to the user, a fragment
     * must be both started and not hidden.
     */
    final public boolean isHidden() {
        return mHidden;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the hidden state (as returned by {@link #isHidden()} of
     * the fragment has changed.  Fragments start out not hidden; this will
     * be called whenever the fragment changes state from that.
     * @param hidden True if the fragment is now hidden, false if it is not
     * visible.
     */
    public void onHiddenChanged(boolean hidden) {
    }

    /**
     * Control whether a fragment instance is retained across Activity
     * re-creation (such as from a configuration change).  This can only
     * be used with fragments not in the back stack.  If set, the fragment
     * lifecycle will be slightly different when an activity is recreated:
     * <ul>
     * <li> {@link #onDestroy()} will not be called (but {@link #onDetach()} still
     * will be, because the fragment is being detached from its current activity).
     * <li> {@link #onCreate(Bundle)} will not be called since the fragment
     * is not being re-created.
     * <li> {@link #onAttach(Activity)} and {@link #onActivityCreated(Bundle)} <b>will</b>
     * still be called.
     * </ul>
     */
    public void setRetainInstance(boolean retain) {
        mRetainInstance = retain;
    }

    final public boolean getRetainInstance() {
        return mRetainInstance;
    }

    /**
     * Report that this fragment would like to participate in populating
     * the options menu by receiving a call to {@link #onCreateOptionsMenu}
     * and related methods.
     *
     * @param hasMenu If true, the fragment has menu items to contribute.
     */
    public void setHasOptionsMenu(boolean hasMenu) {
        if (mHasMenu != hasMenu) {
            mHasMenu = hasMenu;
            if (isAdded() && !isHidden()) {
                mActivity.invalidateOptionsMenu();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the LoaderManager for this fragment, creating it if needed.
     */
    public LoaderManager getLoaderManager() {
        if (mLoaderManager != null) {
            return mLoaderManager;
        }
        if (mActivity == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + this + " not attached to Activity");
        }
        mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
        mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mIndex, mLoadersStarted, true);
        return mLoaderManager;
    }

    /**
     * Call {@link Activity#startActivity(Intent)} on the fragment's
     * containing Activity.
     */
    public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
        if (mActivity == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + this + " not attached to Activity");
        }
        mActivity.startActivityFromFragment(this, intent, -1);
    }

    /**
     * Call {@link Activity#startActivityForResult(Intent, int)} on the fragment's
     * containing Activity.
     */
    public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) {
        if (mActivity == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + this + " not attached to Activity");
        }
        mActivity.startActivityFromFragment(this, intent, requestCode);
    }

    /**
     * Receive the result from a previous call to
     * {@link #startActivityForResult(Intent, int)}.  This follows the
     * related Activity API as described there in
     * {@link Activity#onActivityResult(int, int, Intent)}.
     *
     * @param requestCode The integer request code originally supplied to
     *                    startActivityForResult(), allowing you to identify who this
     *                    result came from.
     * @param resultCode The integer result code returned by the child activity
     *                   through its setResult().
     * @param data An Intent, which can return result data to the caller
     *               (various data can be attached to Intent "extras").
     */
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    }

    /**
     * @hide Hack so that DialogFragment can make its Dialog before creating
     * its views, and the view construction can use the dialog's context for
     * inflation.  Maybe this should become a public API. Note sure.
     */
    public LayoutInflater getLayoutInflater(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return mActivity.getLayoutInflater();
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link #onInflate(Activity, AttributeSet, Bundle)} instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void onInflate(AttributeSet attrs, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when a fragment is being created as part of a view layout
     * inflation, typically from setting the content view of an activity.  This
     * may be called immediately after the fragment is created from a <fragment>
     * tag in a layout file.  Note this is <em>before</em> the fragment's
     * {@link #onAttach(Activity)} has been called; all you should do here is
     * parse the attributes and save them away.
     *
     * <p>This is called every time the fragment is inflated, even if it is
     * being inflated into a new instance with saved state.  It typically makes
     * sense to re-parse the parameters each time, to allow them to change with
     * different configurations.</p>
     *
     * <p>Here is a typical implementation of a fragment that can take parameters
     * both through attributes supplied here as well from {@link #getArguments()}:</p>
     *
     * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentArguments.java
     *      fragment}
     *
     * <p>Note that parsing the XML attributes uses a "styleable" resource.  The
     * declaration for the styleable used here is:</p>
     *
     * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/values/attrs.xml fragment_arguments}
     *
     * <p>The fragment can then be declared within its activity's content layout
     * through a tag like this:</p>
     *
     * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout/fragment_arguments.xml from_attributes}
     *
     * <p>This fragment can also be created dynamically from arguments given
     * at runtime in the arguments Bundle; here is an example of doing so at
     * creation of the containing activity:</p>
     *
     * {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentArguments.java
     *      create}
     *
     * @param activity The Activity that is inflating this fragment.
     * @param attrs The attributes at the tag where the fragment is
     * being created.
     * @param savedInstanceState If the fragment is being re-created from
     * a previous saved state, this is the state.
     */
    public void onInflate(Activity activity, AttributeSet attrs, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        onInflate(attrs, savedInstanceState);
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when a fragment is first attached to its activity.
     * {@link #onCreate(Bundle)} will be called after this.
     */
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when a fragment loads an animation.
     */
    public Animator onCreateAnimator(int transit, boolean enter, int nextAnim) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Called to do initial creation of a fragment.  This is called after
     * {@link #onAttach(Activity)} and before
     * {@link #onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)}.
     *
     * <p>Note that this can be called while the fragment's activity is
     * still in the process of being created.  As such, you can not rely
     * on things like the activity's content view hierarchy being initialized
     * at this point.  If you want to do work once the activity itself is
     * created, see {@link #onActivityCreated(Bundle)}.
     *
     * @param savedInstanceState If the fragment is being re-created from
     * a previous saved state, this is the state.
     */
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called immediately after {@link #onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)}
     * has returned, but before any saved state has been restored in to the view.
     * This gives subclasses a chance to initialize themselves once
     * they know their view hierarchy has been completely created.  The fragment's
     * view hierarchy is not however attached to its parent at this point.
     * @param view The View returned by {@link #onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)}.
     * @param savedInstanceState If non-null, this fragment is being re-constructed
     * from a previous saved state as given here.
     */
    public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    }

    /**
     * Called to have the fragment instantiate its user interface view.
     * This is optional, and non-graphical fragments can return null (which
     * is the default implementation).  This will be called between
     * {@link #onCreate(Bundle)} and {@link #onActivityCreated(Bundle)}.
     *
     * <p>If you return a View from here, you will later be called in
     * {@link #onDestroyView} when the view is being released.
     *
     * @param inflater The LayoutInflater object that can be used to inflate
     * any views in the fragment,
     * @param container If non-null, this is the parent view that the fragment's
     * UI should be attached to.  The fragment should not add the view itself,
     * but this can be used to generate the LayoutParams of the view.
     * @param savedInstanceState If non-null, this fragment is being re-constructed
     * from a previous saved state as given here.
     *
     * @return Return the View for the fragment's UI, or null.
     */
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the root view for the fragment's layout (the one returned by {@link #onCreateView}),
     * if provided.
     *
     * @return The fragment's root view, or null if it has no layout.
     */
    public View getView() {
        return mView;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the fragment's activity has been created and this
     * fragment's view hierarchy instantiated.  It can be used to do final
     * initialization once these pieces are in place, such as retrieving
     * views or restoring state.  It is also useful for fragments that use
     * {@link #setRetainInstance(boolean)} to retain their instance,
     * as this callback tells the fragment when it is fully associated with
     * the new activity instance.  This is called after {@link #onCreateView}
     * and before {@link #onStart()}.
     *
     * @param savedInstanceState If the fragment is being re-created from
     * a previous saved state, this is the state.
     */
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the Fragment is visible to the user.  This is generally
     * tied to {@link Activity#onStart() Activity.onStart} of the containing
     * Activity's lifecycle.
     */
    public void onStart() {
        mCalled = true;

        if (!mLoadersStarted) {
            mLoadersStarted = true;
            if (!mCheckedForLoaderManager) {
                mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
                mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mIndex, mLoadersStarted, false);
            }
            if (mLoaderManager != null) {
                mLoaderManager.doStart();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called when the fragment is visible to the user and actively running.
     * This is generally
     * tied to {@link Activity#onResume() Activity.onResume} of the containing
     * Activity's lifecycle.
     */
    public void onResume() {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called to ask the fragment to save its current dynamic state, so it
     * can later be reconstructed in a new instance of its process is
     * restarted.  If a new instance of the fragment later needs to be
     * created, the data you place in the Bundle here will be available
     * in the Bundle given to {@link #onCreate(Bundle)},
     * {@link #onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)}, and
     * {@link #onActivityCreated(Bundle)}.
     *
     * <p>This corresponds to {@link Activity#onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)
     * Activity.onSaveInstanceState(Bundle)} and most of the discussion there
     * applies here as well.  Note however: <em>this method may be called
     * at any time before {@link #onDestroy()}</em>.  There are many situations
     * where a fragment may be mostly torn down (such as when placed on the
     * back stack with no UI showing), but its state will not be saved until
     * its owning activity actually needs to save its state.
     *
     * @param outState Bundle in which to place your saved state.
     */
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    }

    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the Fragment is no longer resumed.  This is generally
     * tied to {@link Activity#onPause() Activity.onPause} of the containing
     * Activity's lifecycle.
     */
    public void onPause() {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the Fragment is no longer started.  This is generally
     * tied to {@link Activity#onStop() Activity.onStop} of the containing
     * Activity's lifecycle.
     */
    public void onStop() {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    public void onLowMemory() {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the view previously created by {@link #onCreateView} has
     * been detached from the fragment.  The next time the fragment needs
     * to be displayed, a new view will be created.  This is called
     * after {@link #onStop()} and before {@link #onDestroy()}.  It is called
     * <em>regardless</em> of whether {@link #onCreateView} returned a
     * non-null view.  Internally it is called after the view's state has
     * been saved but before it has been removed from its parent.
     */
    public void onDestroyView() {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Called when the fragment is no longer in use.  This is called
     * after {@link #onStop()} and before {@link #onDetach()}.
     */
    public void onDestroy() {
        mCalled = true;
        //Log.v("foo", "onDestroy: mCheckedForLoaderManager=" + mCheckedForLoaderManager
        //        + " mLoaderManager=" + mLoaderManager);
        if (!mCheckedForLoaderManager) {
            mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
            mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mIndex, mLoadersStarted, false);
        }
        if (mLoaderManager != null) {
            mLoaderManager.doDestroy();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called when the fragment is no longer attached to its activity.  This
     * is called after {@link #onDestroy()}.
     */
    public void onDetach() {
        mCalled = true;
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the contents of the Activity's standard options menu.  You
     * should place your menu items in to <var>menu</var>.  For this method
     * to be called, you must have first called {@link #setHasOptionsMenu}.  See
     * {@link Activity#onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu) Activity.onCreateOptionsMenu}
     * for more information.
     *
     * @param menu The options menu in which you place your items.
     *
     * @see #setHasOptionsMenu
     * @see #onPrepareOptionsMenu
     * @see #onOptionsItemSelected
     */
    public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
    }

    /**
     * Prepare the Screen's standard options menu to be displayed.  This is
     * called right before the menu is shown, every time it is shown.  You can
     * use this method to efficiently enable/disable items or otherwise
     * dynamically modify the contents.  See
     * {@link Activity#onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu) Activity.onPrepareOptionsMenu}
     * for more information.
     *
     * @param menu The options menu as last shown or first initialized by
     *             onCreateOptionsMenu().
     *
     * @see #setHasOptionsMenu
     * @see #onCreateOptionsMenu
     */
    public void onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    }

    /**
     * Called when this fragment's option menu items are no longer being
     * included in the overall options menu.  Receiving this call means that
     * the menu needed to be rebuilt, but this fragment's items were not
     * included in the newly built menu (its {@link #onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu, MenuInflater)}
     * was not called).
     */
    public void onDestroyOptionsMenu() {
    }

    /**
     * This hook is called whenever an item in your options menu is selected.
     * The default implementation simply returns false to have the normal
     * processing happen (calling the item's Runnable or sending a message to
     * its Handler as appropriate).  You can use this method for any items
     * for which you would like to do processing without those other
     * facilities.
     *
     * <p>Derived classes should call through to the base class for it to
     * perform the default menu handling.
     *
     * @param item The menu item that was selected.
     *
     * @return boolean Return false to allow normal menu processing to
     *         proceed, true to consume it here.
     *
     * @see #onCreateOptionsMenu
     */
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * This hook is called whenever the options menu is being closed (either by the user canceling
     * the menu with the back/menu button, or when an item is selected).
     *
     * @param menu The options menu as last shown or first initialized by
     *             onCreateOptionsMenu().
     */
    public void onOptionsMenuClosed(Menu menu) {
    }

    /**
     * Called when a context menu for the {@code view} is about to be shown.
     * Unlike {@link #onCreateOptionsMenu}, this will be called every
     * time the context menu is about to be shown and should be populated for
     * the view (or item inside the view for {@link AdapterView} subclasses,
     * this can be found in the {@code menuInfo})).
     * <p>
     * Use {@link #onContextItemSelected(android.view.MenuItem)} to know when an
     * item has been selected.
     * <p>
     * The default implementation calls up to
     * {@link Activity#onCreateContextMenu Activity.onCreateContextMenu}, though
     * you can not call this implementation if you don't want that behavior.
     * <p>
     * It is not safe to hold onto the context menu after this method returns.
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
        getActivity().onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo);
    }

    /**
     * Registers a context menu to be shown for the given view (multiple views
     * can show the context menu). This method will set the
     * {@link OnCreateContextMenuListener} on the view to this fragment, so
     * {@link #onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu, View, ContextMenuInfo)} will be
     * called when it is time to show the context menu.
     *
     * @see #unregisterForContextMenu(View)
     * @param view The view that should show a context menu.
     */
    public void registerForContextMenu(View view) {
        view.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(this);
    }

    /**
     * Prevents a context menu to be shown for the given view. This method will
     * remove the {@link OnCreateContextMenuListener} on the view.
     *
     * @see #registerForContextMenu(View)
     * @param view The view that should stop showing a context menu.
     */
    public void unregisterForContextMenu(View view) {
        view.setOnCreateContextMenuListener(null);
    }

    /**
     * This hook is called whenever an item in a context menu is selected. The
     * default implementation simply returns false to have the normal processing
     * happen (calling the item's Runnable or sending a message to its Handler
     * as appropriate). You can use this method for any items for which you
     * would like to do processing without those other facilities.
     * <p>
     * Use {@link MenuItem#getMenuInfo()} to get extra information set by the
     * View that added this menu item.
     * <p>
     * Derived classes should call through to the base class for it to perform
     * the default menu handling.
     *
     * @param item The context menu item that was selected.
     * @return boolean Return false to allow normal context menu processing to
     *         proceed, true to consume it here.
     */
    public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Print the Fragments's state into the given stream.
     *
     * @param prefix Text to print at the front of each line.
     * @param fd The raw file descriptor that the dump is being sent to.
     * @param writer The PrintWriter to which you should dump your state.  This will be
     * closed for you after you return.
     * @param args additional arguments to the dump request.
     */
    public void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mFragmentId=#");
                writer.print(Integer.toHexString(mFragmentId));
                writer.print(" mContainerId#=");
                writer.print(Integer.toHexString(mContainerId));
                writer.print(" mTag="); writer.println(mTag);
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mState="); writer.print(mState);
                writer.print(" mIndex="); writer.print(mIndex);
                writer.print(" mWho="); writer.print(mWho);
                writer.print(" mBackStackNesting="); writer.println(mBackStackNesting);
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mAdded="); writer.print(mAdded);
                writer.print(" mRemoving="); writer.print(mRemoving);
                writer.print(" mResumed="); writer.print(mResumed);
                writer.print(" mFromLayout="); writer.print(mFromLayout);
                writer.print(" mInLayout="); writer.println(mInLayout);
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mHidden="); writer.print(mHidden);
                writer.print(" mDetached="); writer.print(mDetached);
                writer.print(" mRetainInstance="); writer.print(mRetainInstance);
                writer.print(" mRetaining="); writer.print(mRetaining);
                writer.print(" mHasMenu="); writer.println(mHasMenu);
        if (mFragmentManager != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mFragmentManager=");
                    writer.println(mFragmentManager);
        }
        if (mImmediateActivity != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mImmediateActivity=");
                    writer.println(mImmediateActivity);
        }
        if (mActivity != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mActivity=");
                    writer.println(mActivity);
        }
        if (mArguments != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mArguments="); writer.println(mArguments);
        }
        if (mSavedFragmentState != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mSavedFragmentState=");
                    writer.println(mSavedFragmentState);
        }
        if (mSavedViewState != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mSavedViewState=");
                    writer.println(mSavedViewState);
        }
        if (mTarget != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mTarget="); writer.print(mTarget);
                    writer.print(" mTargetRequestCode=");
                    writer.println(mTargetRequestCode);
        }
        if (mNextAnim != 0) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mNextAnim="); writer.println(mNextAnim);
        }
        if (mContainer != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mContainer="); writer.println(mContainer);
        }
        if (mView != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mView="); writer.println(mView);
        }
        if (mAnimatingAway != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mAnimatingAway="); writer.println(mAnimatingAway);
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mStateAfterAnimating=");
                    writer.println(mStateAfterAnimating);
        }
        if (mLoaderManager != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.println("Loader Manager:");
            mLoaderManager.dump(prefix + "  ", fd, writer, args);
        }
    }

    void performStop() {
        onStop();

        if (mLoadersStarted) {
            mLoadersStarted = false;
            if (!mCheckedForLoaderManager) {
                mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
                mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mIndex, mLoadersStarted, false);
            }
            if (mLoaderManager != null) {
                if (mActivity == null || !mActivity.mChangingConfigurations) {
                    mLoaderManager.doStop();
                } else {
                    mLoaderManager.doRetain();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}