benchmark_main.cpp revision 282e232e2a32cca8a288e81edddfd95f450cfc79
17be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes/*
27be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
37be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes *
47be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
57be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
67be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * You may obtain a copy of the License at
77be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes *
87be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
97be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes *
107be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
117be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
127be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
137be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
147be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes * limitations under the License.
157be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes */
167be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
177be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes#include "benchmark.h"
187be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
197be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes#include <regex.h>
207be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes#include <stdio.h>
217be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes#include <stdlib.h>
227be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
237be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes#include <string>
247be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes#include <map>
257be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
26282e232e2a32cca8a288e81edddfd95f450cfc79Serban Constantinescu#include <inttypes.h>
27282e232e2a32cca8a288e81edddfd95f450cfc79Serban Constantinescu
287be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesstatic int64_t gBytesProcessed;
297be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesstatic int64_t gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs;
307be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesstatic int64_t gBenchmarkStartTimeNs;
317be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
327be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughestypedef std::map<std::string, ::testing::Benchmark*> BenchmarkMap;
337be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughestypedef BenchmarkMap::iterator BenchmarkMapIt;
347be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesstatic BenchmarkMap gBenchmarks;
357be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
367be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesstatic int Round(int n) {
377be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  int base = 1;
387be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  while (base*10 < n) {
397be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    base *= 10;
407be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
417be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (n < 2*base) {
427be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    return 2*base;
437be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
447be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (n < 5*base) {
457be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    return 5*base;
467be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
477be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  return 10*base;
487be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
497be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
507be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesstatic int64_t NanoTime() {
517be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  struct timespec t;
527be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  t.tv_sec = t.tv_nsec = 0;
537be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
547be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  return static_cast<int64_t>(t.tv_sec) * 1000000000LL + t.tv_nsec;
557be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
567be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
577be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesnamespace testing {
587be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
597be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott HughesBenchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int arg) {
607be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  args_.push_back(arg);
617be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  return this;
627be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
637be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
649edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughesconst char* Benchmark::Name() {
659edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes  return name_;
669edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes}
679edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes
687be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesbool Benchmark::ShouldRun(int argc, char* argv[]) {
697be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (argc == 1) {
707be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    return true;  // With no arguments, we run all benchmarks.
717be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
727be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  // Otherwise, we interpret each argument as a regular expression and
737be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  // see if any of our benchmarks match.
747be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
757be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    regex_t re;
767be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    if (regcomp(&re, argv[i], 0) != 0) {
777be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      fprintf(stderr, "couldn't compile \"%s\" as a regular expression!\n", argv[i]);
787be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
797be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    }
807be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    int match = regexec(&re, name_, 0, NULL, 0);
817be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    regfree(&re);
827be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    if (match != REG_NOMATCH) {
837be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      return true;
847be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    }
857be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
867be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  return false;
877be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
887be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
897be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid Benchmark::Register(const char* name, void (*fn)(int), void (*fn_range)(int, int)) {
907be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  name_ = name;
917be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  fn_ = fn;
927be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  fn_range_ = fn_range;
937be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
947be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (fn_ == NULL && fn_range_ == NULL) {
957be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing function\n", name_);
967be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
977be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
987be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
997be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  gBenchmarks.insert(std::make_pair(name, this));
1007be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1017be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1027be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid Benchmark::Run() {
1039edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes  if (fn_ != NULL) {
1049edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    RunWithArg(0);
1059edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes  } else {
1069edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    if (args_.empty()) {
1079edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes      fprintf(stderr, "%s: no args!\n", name_);
1089edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1099edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    }
1109edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    for (size_t i = 0; i < args_.size(); ++i) {
1119edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes      RunWithArg(args_[i]);
1129edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    }
1137be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1147be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1157be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1167be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid Benchmark::RunRepeatedlyWithArg(int iterations, int arg) {
1177be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  gBytesProcessed = 0;
1187be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs = 0;
1197be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  gBenchmarkStartTimeNs = NanoTime();
1207be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (fn_ != NULL) {
1217be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    fn_(iterations);
1227be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  } else {
1237be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    fn_range_(iterations, arg);
1247be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1257be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (gBenchmarkStartTimeNs != 0) {
1267be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs += NanoTime() - gBenchmarkStartTimeNs;
1277be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1287be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1297be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1307be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid Benchmark::RunWithArg(int arg) {
1317be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  // run once in case it's expensive
1327be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  int iterations = 1;
1337be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  RunRepeatedlyWithArg(iterations, arg);
1347be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  while (gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs < 1e9 && iterations < 1e9) {
1357be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    int last = iterations;
1367be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    if (gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs/iterations == 0) {
1377be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      iterations = 1e9;
1387be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    } else {
1397be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      iterations = 1e9 / (gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs/iterations);
1407be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    }
1417be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    iterations = std::max(last + 1, std::min(iterations + iterations/2, 100*last));
1427be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    iterations = Round(iterations);
1437be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    RunRepeatedlyWithArg(iterations, arg);
1447be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1457be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1467be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  char throughput[100];
1477be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  throughput[0] = '\0';
1487be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs > 0 && gBytesProcessed > 0) {
1497be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    double mib_processed = static_cast<double>(gBytesProcessed)/1e6;
1507be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    double seconds = static_cast<double>(gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs)/1e9;
1517be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    snprintf(throughput, sizeof(throughput), " %8.2f MiB/s", mib_processed/seconds);
1527be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1537be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1547be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  char full_name[100];
1557be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (fn_range_ != NULL) {
1567be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    if (arg >= (1<<20)) {
1577be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      snprintf(full_name, sizeof(full_name), "%s/%dM", name_, arg/(1<<20));
1587be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    } else if (arg >= (1<<10)) {
1597be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      snprintf(full_name, sizeof(full_name), "%s/%dK", name_, arg/(1<<10));
1607be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    } else {
1617be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      snprintf(full_name, sizeof(full_name), "%s/%d", name_, arg);
1627be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    }
1637be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  } else {
1647be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    snprintf(full_name, sizeof(full_name), "%s", name_);
1657be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1667be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
167282e232e2a32cca8a288e81edddfd95f450cfc79Serban Constantinescu  printf("%-20s %10d %10" PRId64 "%s\n", full_name,
168282e232e2a32cca8a288e81edddfd95f450cfc79Serban Constantinescu         iterations, gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs/iterations, throughput);
1697be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  fflush(stdout);
1707be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1717be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1727be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}  // namespace testing
1737be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1747be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid SetBenchmarkBytesProcessed(int64_t x) {
1757be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  gBytesProcessed = x;
1767be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1777be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1787be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid StopBenchmarkTiming() {
1797be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (gBenchmarkStartTimeNs != 0) {
1807be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    gBenchmarkTotalTimeNs += NanoTime() - gBenchmarkStartTimeNs;
1817be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1827be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  gBenchmarkStartTimeNs = 0;
1837be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1847be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1857be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesvoid StartBenchmarkTiming() {
1867be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (gBenchmarkStartTimeNs == 0) {
1877be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    gBenchmarkStartTimeNs = NanoTime();
1887be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1897be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
1907be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1917be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughesint main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
1927be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  if (gBenchmarks.empty()) {
1939edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    fprintf(stderr, "No benchmarks registered!\n");
1947be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1957be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
1967be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes
1979edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes  bool need_header = true;
1987be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  for (BenchmarkMapIt it = gBenchmarks.begin(); it != gBenchmarks.end(); ++it) {
1997be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    ::testing::Benchmark* b = it->second;
2007be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    if (b->ShouldRun(argc, argv)) {
2019edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes      if (need_header) {
2029edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes        printf("%-20s %10s %10s\n", "", "iterations", "ns/op");
2039edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes        fflush(stdout);
2049edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes        need_header = false;
2059edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes      }
2067be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes      b->Run();
2077be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes    }
2087be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  }
2099edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes
2109edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes  if (need_header) {
2119edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    fprintf(stderr, "No matching benchmarks!\n");
2129edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    fprintf(stderr, "Available benchmarks:\n");
2139edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    for (BenchmarkMapIt it = gBenchmarks.begin(); it != gBenchmarks.end(); ++it) {
2149edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes      fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", it->second->Name());
2159edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    }
2169edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2179edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes  }
2189edb3e004b487e08cbbb54f2af18b15241550513Elliott Hughes
2197be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes  return 0;
2207be369d4c60e9df2316fdb6c73181a40020abef2Elliott Hughes}
221