10ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
20ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
30ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// http://code.google.com/p/ceres-solver/
40ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//
50ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
60ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
70ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//
80ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
90ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
100ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
110ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
120ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
130ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
140ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
150ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//   specific prior written permission.
160ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//
170ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
180ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
190ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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210ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
220ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
230ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
240ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
250ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
260ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
270ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
280ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong//
290ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong// Author: sameeragarwal@google.com (Sameer Agarwal)
300ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
310ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/levenberg_marquardt_strategy.h"
320ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
330ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include <cmath>
340ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "Eigen/Core"
350ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/array_utils.h"
360ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/internal/eigen.h"
371d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling#include "ceres/linear_least_squares_problems.h"
380ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/linear_solver.h"
390ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/sparse_matrix.h"
400ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/trust_region_strategy.h"
410ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "ceres/types.h"
420ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong#include "glog/logging.h"
430ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
440ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kongnamespace ceres {
450ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kongnamespace internal {
460ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
470ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus KongLevenbergMarquardtStrategy::LevenbergMarquardtStrategy(
480ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    const TrustRegionStrategy::Options& options)
490ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    : linear_solver_(options.linear_solver),
500ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      radius_(options.initial_radius),
510ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      max_radius_(options.max_radius),
521d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling      min_diagonal_(options.min_lm_diagonal),
531d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling      max_diagonal_(options.max_lm_diagonal),
540ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      decrease_factor_(2.0),
550ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      reuse_diagonal_(false) {
560ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_NOTNULL(linear_solver_);
570ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_GT(min_diagonal_, 0.0);
580ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_LE(min_diagonal_, max_diagonal_);
590ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_GT(max_radius_, 0.0);
600ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}
610ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
620ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus KongLevenbergMarquardtStrategy::~LevenbergMarquardtStrategy() {
630ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}
640ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
650ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus KongTrustRegionStrategy::Summary LevenbergMarquardtStrategy::ComputeStep(
660ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    const TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions& per_solve_options,
670ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    SparseMatrix* jacobian,
680ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    const double* residuals,
690ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    double* step) {
700ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_NOTNULL(jacobian);
710ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_NOTNULL(residuals);
720ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_NOTNULL(step);
730ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
740ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  const int num_parameters = jacobian->num_cols();
750ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  if (!reuse_diagonal_) {
760ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    if (diagonal_.rows() != num_parameters) {
770ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      diagonal_.resize(num_parameters, 1);
780ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    }
790ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
800ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    jacobian->SquaredColumnNorm(diagonal_.data());
810ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    for (int i = 0; i < num_parameters; ++i) {
820ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      diagonal_[i] = min(max(diagonal_[i], min_diagonal_), max_diagonal_);
830ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    }
840ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  }
850ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
860ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  lm_diagonal_ = (diagonal_ / radius_).array().sqrt();
870ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
880ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  LinearSolver::PerSolveOptions solve_options;
890ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  solve_options.D = lm_diagonal_.data();
900ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  solve_options.q_tolerance = per_solve_options.eta;
910ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // Disable r_tolerance checking. Since we only care about
920ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // termination via the q_tolerance. As Nash and Sofer show,
930ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // r_tolerance based termination is essentially useless in
940ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // Truncated Newton methods.
950ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  solve_options.r_tolerance = -1.0;
960ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
970ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // Invalidate the output array lm_step, so that we can detect if
980ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // the linear solver generated numerical garbage.  This is known
990ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // to happen for the DENSE_QR and then DENSE_SCHUR solver when
1000ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // the Jacobin is severly rank deficient and mu is too small.
1010ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  InvalidateArray(num_parameters, step);
1020ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
1030ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // Instead of solving Jx = -r, solve Jy = r.
1040ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // Then x can be found as x = -y, but the inputs jacobian and residuals
1050ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  // do not need to be modified.
1060ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  LinearSolver::Summary linear_solver_summary =
1070ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong      linear_solver_->Solve(jacobian, residuals, solve_options, step);
10879397c21138f54fcff6ec067b44b847f1f7e0e98Carlos Hernandez
10979397c21138f54fcff6ec067b44b847f1f7e0e98Carlos Hernandez  if (linear_solver_summary.termination_type == LINEAR_SOLVER_FATAL_ERROR) {
11079397c21138f54fcff6ec067b44b847f1f7e0e98Carlos Hernandez    LOG(WARNING) << "Linear solver fatal error.";
11179397c21138f54fcff6ec067b44b847f1f7e0e98Carlos Hernandez  } else if (linear_solver_summary.termination_type == LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE ||
11279397c21138f54fcff6ec067b44b847f1f7e0e98Carlos Hernandez             !IsArrayValid(num_parameters, step)) {
1130ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    LOG(WARNING) << "Linear solver failure. Failed to compute a finite step.";
11479397c21138f54fcff6ec067b44b847f1f7e0e98Carlos Hernandez    linear_solver_summary.termination_type = LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE;
1150ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  } else {
1160ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong    VectorRef(step, num_parameters) *= -1.0;
1170ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  }
1180ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  reuse_diagonal_ = true;
1190ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
1201d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling  if (per_solve_options.dump_format_type == CONSOLE ||
1211d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling      (per_solve_options.dump_format_type != CONSOLE &&
1221d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling       !per_solve_options.dump_filename_base.empty())) {
1231d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling    if (!DumpLinearLeastSquaresProblem(per_solve_options.dump_filename_base,
1241d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                                       per_solve_options.dump_format_type,
1251d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                                       jacobian,
1261d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                                       solve_options.D,
1271d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                                       residuals,
1281d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                                       step,
1291d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                                       0)) {
1301d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling      LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to dump trust region problem."
1311d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling                 << " Filename base: " << per_solve_options.dump_filename_base;
1321d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling    }
1331d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling  }
1341d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling
1351d2624a10e2c559f8ba9ef89eaa30832c0a83a96Sascha Haeberling
1360ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary;
1370ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  summary.residual_norm = linear_solver_summary.residual_norm;
1380ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  summary.num_iterations = linear_solver_summary.num_iterations;
1390ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  summary.termination_type = linear_solver_summary.termination_type;
1400ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  return summary;
1410ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}
1420ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
1430ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kongvoid LevenbergMarquardtStrategy::StepAccepted(double step_quality) {
1440ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  CHECK_GT(step_quality, 0.0);
1450ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  radius_ = radius_ / std::max(1.0 / 3.0,
1460ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong                               1.0 - pow(2.0 * step_quality - 1.0, 3));
1470ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  radius_ = std::min(max_radius_, radius_);
1480ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  decrease_factor_ = 2.0;
1490ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  reuse_diagonal_ = false;
1500ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}
1510ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
1520ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kongvoid LevenbergMarquardtStrategy::StepRejected(double step_quality) {
1530ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  radius_ = radius_ / decrease_factor_;
1540ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  decrease_factor_ *= 2.0;
1550ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  reuse_diagonal_ = true;
1560ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}
1570ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
1580ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kongdouble LevenbergMarquardtStrategy::Radius() const {
1590ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong  return radius_;
1600ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}
1610ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong
1620ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}  // namespace internal
1630ae28bd5885b5daa526898fcf7c323dc2c3e1963Angus Kong}  // namespace ceres
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