clang/AST/DeclBase.h

//===-- DeclBase.h - Base Classes for representing declarations *- C++ -*-===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//  This file defines the Decl and DeclContext interfaces.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_AST_DECLBASE_H
#define LLVM_CLANG_AST_DECLBASE_H

#include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
#include "clang/AST/Type.h"
// FIXME: Layering violation
#include "clang/Parse/AccessSpecifier.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceLocation.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/PointerIntPair.h"

namespace clang {
class DeclContext;
class TranslationUnitDecl;
class NamespaceDecl;
class UsingDirectiveDecl;
class NamedDecl;
class FunctionDecl;
class CXXRecordDecl;
class EnumDecl;
class ObjCMethodDecl;
class ObjCContainerDecl;
class ObjCInterfaceDecl;
class ObjCCategoryDecl;
class ObjCProtocolDecl;
class ObjCImplementationDecl;
class ObjCCategoryImplDecl;
class LinkageSpecDecl;
class BlockDecl;
class DeclarationName;

/// Decl - This represents one declaration (or definition), e.g. a variable,
/// typedef, function, struct, etc.
///
class Decl {
public:
  /// \brief Lists the kind of concrete classes of Decl.
  enum Kind {
#define DECL(Derived, Base) Derived,
#define DECL_RANGE(CommonBase, Start, End) \
    CommonBase##First = Start, CommonBase##Last = End,
#define LAST_DECL_RANGE(CommonBase, Start, End) \
    CommonBase##First = Start, CommonBase##Last = End
#include "clang/AST/DeclNodes.def"
  };

  /// IdentifierNamespace - According to C99 6.2.3, there are four namespaces,
  /// labels, tags, members and ordinary identifiers. These are meant
  /// as bitmasks, so that searches in C++ can look into the "tag" namespace
  /// during ordinary lookup.
  enum IdentifierNamespace {
    IDNS_Label = 0x1,
    IDNS_Tag = 0x2,
    IDNS_Member = 0x4,
    IDNS_Ordinary = 0x8,
    IDNS_Protocol = 0x10
  };

  /// ObjCDeclQualifier - Qualifier used on types in method declarations
  /// for remote messaging. They are meant for the arguments though and
  /// applied to the Decls (ObjCMethodDecl and ParmVarDecl).
  enum ObjCDeclQualifier {
    OBJC_TQ_None = 0x0,
    OBJC_TQ_In = 0x1,
    OBJC_TQ_Inout = 0x2,
    OBJC_TQ_Out = 0x4,
    OBJC_TQ_Bycopy = 0x8,
    OBJC_TQ_Byref = 0x10,
    OBJC_TQ_Oneway = 0x20
  };

private:
  /// Loc - The location that this decl.
  SourceLocation Loc;

  /// NextDeclarator - If this decl was part of a multi-declarator declaration,
  /// such as "int X, Y, *Z;" this indicates Decl for the next declarator.
  Decl *NextDeclarator;

  /// NextDeclInScope - The next declaration within the same lexical
  /// DeclContext. These pointers form the linked list that is
  /// traversed via DeclContext's decls_begin()/decls_end().
  /// FIXME: If NextDeclarator is non-NULL, will it always be the same
  /// as NextDeclInScope? If so, we can use a
  /// PointerIntPair<Decl*, 1> to make Decl smaller.
  Decl *NextDeclInScope;

  friend class DeclContext;

  /// DeclCtx - Holds either a DeclContext* or a MultipleDC*.
  /// For declarations that don't contain C++ scope specifiers, it contains
  /// the DeclContext where the Decl was declared.
  /// For declarations with C++ scope specifiers, it contains a MultipleDC*
  /// with the context where it semantically belongs (SemanticDC) and the
  /// context where it was lexically declared (LexicalDC).
  /// e.g.:
  ///
  ///   namespace A {
  ///      void f(); // SemanticDC == LexicalDC == 'namespace A'
  ///   }
  ///   void A::f(); // SemanticDC == namespace 'A'
  ///                // LexicalDC == global namespace
  uintptr_t DeclCtx;

  struct MultipleDC {
    DeclContext *SemanticDC;
    DeclContext *LexicalDC;
  };

  inline bool isInSemaDC() const { return (DeclCtx & 0x1) == 0; }
  inline bool isOutOfSemaDC() const { return (DeclCtx & 0x1) != 0; }
  inline MultipleDC *getMultipleDC() const {
    return reinterpret_cast<MultipleDC*>(DeclCtx & ~0x1);
  }

  /// DeclKind - This indicates which class this is.
  Kind DeclKind   :  8;

  /// InvalidDecl - This indicates a semantic error occurred.
  unsigned int InvalidDecl :  1;

  /// HasAttrs - This indicates whether the decl has attributes or not.
  unsigned int HasAttrs : 1;

  /// Implicit - Whether this declaration was implicitly generated by
  /// the implementation rather than explicitly written by the user.
  bool Implicit : 1;

protected:
  /// Access - Used by C++ decls for the access specifier.
  // NOTE: VC++ treats enums as signed, avoid using the AccessSpecifier enum
  unsigned Access : 2;
  friend class CXXClassMemberWrapper;

  Decl(Kind DK, DeclContext *DC, SourceLocation L)
    : Loc(L), NextDeclarator(0), NextDeclInScope(0),
      DeclCtx(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(DC)), DeclKind(DK), InvalidDecl(0),
      HasAttrs(false), Implicit(false) {
    if (Decl::CollectingStats()) addDeclKind(DK);
  }

  virtual ~Decl();

  /// setDeclContext - Set both the semantic and lexical DeclContext
  /// to DC.
  void setDeclContext(DeclContext *DC);

public:
  SourceLocation getLocation() const { return Loc; }
  void setLocation(SourceLocation L) { Loc = L; }

  Kind getKind() const { return DeclKind; }
  const char *getDeclKindName() const;

  const DeclContext *getDeclContext() const {
    if (isInSemaDC())
      return reinterpret_cast<DeclContext*>(DeclCtx);
    return getMultipleDC()->SemanticDC;
  }
  DeclContext *getDeclContext() {
    return const_cast<DeclContext*>(
                         const_cast<const Decl*>(this)->getDeclContext());
  }

  void setAccess(AccessSpecifier AS) { Access = AS; }
  AccessSpecifier getAccess() const { return AccessSpecifier(Access); }

  bool hasAttrs() const { return HasAttrs; }
  void addAttr(Attr *attr);
  const Attr *getAttrs() const;
  void swapAttrs(Decl *D);
  void invalidateAttrs();

  template<typename T> const T *getAttr() const {
    for (const Attr *attr = getAttrs(); attr; attr = attr->getNext())
      if (const T *V = dyn_cast<T>(attr))
        return V;

    return 0;
  }

  /// setInvalidDecl - Indicates the Decl had a semantic error. This
  /// allows for graceful error recovery.
  void setInvalidDecl() { InvalidDecl = 1; }
  bool isInvalidDecl() const { return (bool) InvalidDecl; }

  /// isImplicit - Indicates whether the declaration was implicitly
  /// generated by the implementation. If false, this declaration
  /// was written explicitly in the source code.
  bool isImplicit() const { return Implicit; }
  void setImplicit(bool I = true) { Implicit = I; }

  IdentifierNamespace getIdentifierNamespace() const {
    switch (DeclKind) {
    default:
      if (DeclKind >= FunctionFirst && DeclKind <= FunctionLast)
        return IDNS_Ordinary;
      assert(0 && "Unknown decl kind!");
    case OverloadedFunction:
    case Typedef:
    case EnumConstant:
    case Var:
    case CXXClassVar:
    case ImplicitParam:
    case ParmVar:
    case OriginalParmVar:
    case NonTypeTemplateParm:
    case ObjCMethod:
    case ObjCContainer:
    case ObjCCategory:
    case ObjCInterface:
    case ObjCCategoryImpl:
    case ObjCProperty:
    case ObjCCompatibleAlias:
      return IDNS_Ordinary;

    case ObjCProtocol:
      return IDNS_Protocol;

    case Field:
    case ObjCAtDefsField:
    case ObjCIvar:
      return IDNS_Member;

    case Record:
    case CXXRecord:
    case Enum:
    case TemplateTypeParm:
      return IDNS_Tag;

    case Namespace:
    case Template:
    case FunctionTemplate:
    case ClassTemplate:
    case TemplateTemplateParm:
      return IdentifierNamespace(IDNS_Tag | IDNS_Ordinary);
    }
  }

  bool isInIdentifierNamespace(unsigned NS) const {
    return getIdentifierNamespace() & NS;
  }

  /// getLexicalDeclContext - The declaration context where this Decl was
  /// lexically declared (LexicalDC). May be different from
  /// getDeclContext() (SemanticDC).
  /// e.g.:
  ///
  ///   namespace A {
  ///      void f(); // SemanticDC == LexicalDC == 'namespace A'
  ///   }
  ///   void A::f(); // SemanticDC == namespace 'A'
  ///                // LexicalDC == global namespace
  const DeclContext *getLexicalDeclContext() const {
    if (isInSemaDC())
      return reinterpret_cast<DeclContext*>(DeclCtx);
    return getMultipleDC()->LexicalDC;
  }
  DeclContext *getLexicalDeclContext() {
    return const_cast<DeclContext*>(
                  const_cast<const Decl*>(this)->getLexicalDeclContext());
  }

  void setLexicalDeclContext(DeclContext *DC);

  /// getNextDeclarator - If this decl was part of a multi-declarator
  /// declaration, such as "int X, Y, *Z;" this returns the decl for the next
  /// declarator.  Otherwise it returns null.
  Decl *getNextDeclarator() { return NextDeclarator; }
  const Decl *getNextDeclarator() const { return NextDeclarator; }
  void setNextDeclarator(Decl *N) { NextDeclarator = N; }

  // isDefinedOutsideFunctionOrMethod - This predicate returns true if this
  // scoped decl is defined outside the current function or method.  This is
  // roughly global variables and functions, but also handles enums (which could
  // be defined inside or outside a function etc).
  bool isDefinedOutsideFunctionOrMethod() const;

  // getBody - If this Decl represents a declaration for a body of code,
  //  such as a function or method definition, this method returns the top-level
  //  Stmt* of that body.  Otherwise this method returns null.
  virtual Stmt* getBody() const { return 0; }

  // global temp stats (until we have a per-module visitor)
  static void addDeclKind(Kind k);
  static bool CollectingStats(bool Enable = false);
  static void PrintStats();

  /// isTemplateParameter - Determines whether this declartion is a
  /// template parameter.
  bool isTemplateParameter() const;

  // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
  static bool classof(const Decl *) { return true; }
  static DeclContext *castToDeclContext(const Decl *);
  static Decl *castFromDeclContext(const DeclContext *);

  /// Emit - Serialize this Decl to Bitcode.
  void Emit(llvm::Serializer& S) const;

  /// Create - Deserialize a Decl from Bitcode.
  static Decl* Create(llvm::Deserializer& D, ASTContext& C);

  /// Destroy - Call destructors and release memory.
  virtual void Destroy(ASTContext& C);

protected:
  /// EmitImpl - Provides the subclass-specific serialization logic for
  ///   serializing out a decl.
  virtual void EmitImpl(llvm::Serializer& S) const {
    // FIXME: This will eventually be a pure virtual function.
    assert (false && "Not implemented.");
  }
};

/// DeclContext - This is used only as base class of specific decl types that
/// can act as declaration contexts. These decls are (only the top classes
/// that directly derive from DeclContext are mentioned, not their subclasses):
///
///   TranslationUnitDecl
///   NamespaceDecl
///   FunctionDecl
///   TagDecl
///   ObjCMethodDecl
///   ObjCContainerDecl
///   ObjCCategoryImplDecl
///   ObjCImplementationDecl
///   LinkageSpecDecl
///   BlockDecl
///
class DeclContext {
  /// DeclKind - This indicates which class this is.
  Decl::Kind DeclKind   :  8;

  /// LookupPtrKind - Describes what kind of pointer LookupPtr
  /// actually is.
  enum LookupPtrKind {
    /// LookupIsMap - Indicates that LookupPtr is actually a map.
    LookupIsMap = 7
  };

  /// LookupPtr - Pointer to a data structure used to lookup
  /// declarations within this context. If the context contains fewer
  /// than seven declarations, the number of declarations is provided
  /// in the 3 lowest-order bits and the upper bits are treated as a
  /// pointer to an array of NamedDecl pointers. If the context
  /// contains seven or more declarations, the upper bits are treated
  /// as a pointer to a DenseMap<DeclarationName, std::vector<NamedDecl*>>.
  /// FIXME: We need a better data structure for this.
  llvm::PointerIntPair<void*, 3> LookupPtr;

  /// FirstDecl - The first declaration stored within this declaration
  /// context.
  Decl *FirstDecl;

  /// LastDecl - The last declaration stored within this declaration
  /// context. FIXME: We could probably cache this value somewhere
  /// outside of the DeclContext, to reduce the size of DeclContext by
  /// another pointer.
  Decl *LastDecl;

  // Used in the CastTo template to get the DeclKind
  // from a Decl or a DeclContext. DeclContext doesn't have a getKind() method
  // to avoid 'ambiguous access' compiler errors.
  template<typename T> struct KindTrait {
    static Decl::Kind getKind(const T *D) { return D->getKind(); }
  };

  // Used only by the ToDecl and FromDecl methods
  template<typename To, typename From>
  static To *CastTo(const From *D) {
    Decl::Kind DK = KindTrait<From>::getKind(D);
    switch(DK) {
#define DECL_CONTEXT(Name) \
      case Decl::Name:     \
        return static_cast<Name##Decl*>(const_cast<From*>(D));
#define DECL_CONTEXT_BASE(Name)
#include "clang/AST/DeclNodes.def"
      default:
#define DECL_CONTEXT_BASE(Name)                                   \
        if (DK >= Decl::Name##First && DK <= Decl::Name##Last)    \
          return static_cast<Name##Decl*>(const_cast<From*>(D));
#include "clang/AST/DeclNodes.def"
        assert(false && "a decl that inherits DeclContext isn't handled");
        return 0;
    }
  }

  /// isLookupMap - Determine if the lookup structure is a
  /// DenseMap. Othewise, it is an array.
  bool isLookupMap() const { return LookupPtr.getInt() == LookupIsMap; }

  static Decl *getNextDeclInScope(Decl *D) { return D->NextDeclInScope; }

protected:
   DeclContext(Decl::Kind K)
     : DeclKind(K), LookupPtr(), FirstDecl(0), LastDecl(0) { }

  void DestroyDecls(ASTContext &C);

public:
  ~DeclContext();

  Decl::Kind getDeclKind() const {
    return DeclKind;
  }
  const char *getDeclKindName() const;

  /// getParent - Returns the containing DeclContext if this is a Decl,
  /// else returns NULL.
  const DeclContext *getParent() const;
  DeclContext *getParent() {
    return const_cast<DeclContext*>(
                             const_cast<const DeclContext*>(this)->getParent());
  }

  /// getLexicalParent - Returns the containing lexical DeclContext. May be
  /// different from getParent, e.g.:
  ///
  ///   namespace A {
  ///      struct S;
  ///   }
  ///   struct A::S {}; // getParent() == namespace 'A'
  ///                   // getLexicalParent() == translation unit
  ///
  const DeclContext *getLexicalParent() const;
  DeclContext *getLexicalParent() {
    return const_cast<DeclContext*>(
                      const_cast<const DeclContext*>(this)->getLexicalParent());
  }

  bool isFunctionOrMethod() const {
    switch (DeclKind) {
      case Decl::Block:
      case Decl::ObjCMethod:
        return true;

      default:
       if (DeclKind >= Decl::FunctionFirst && DeclKind <= Decl::FunctionLast)
         return true;
        return false;
    }
  }

  bool isFileContext() const {
    return DeclKind == Decl::TranslationUnit || DeclKind == Decl::Namespace;
  }

  bool isTranslationUnit() const {
    return DeclKind == Decl::TranslationUnit;
  }

  bool isRecord() const {
    return DeclKind == Decl::Record || DeclKind == Decl::CXXRecord;
  }

  bool isNamespace() const {
    return DeclKind == Decl::Namespace;
  }

  /// isTransparentContext - Determines whether this context is a
  /// "transparent" context, meaning that the members declared in this
  /// context are semantically declared in the nearest enclosing
  /// non-transparent (opaque) context but are lexically declared in
  /// this context. For example, consider the enumerators of an
  /// enumeration type:
  /// @code
  /// enum E {
  ///   Val1
  /// };
  /// @endcode
  /// Here, E is a transparent context, so its enumerator (Val1) will
  /// appear (semantically) that it is in the same context of E.
  /// Examples of transparent contexts include: enumerations (except for
  /// C++0x scoped enums), C++ linkage specifications, and C++0x
  /// inline namespaces.
  bool isTransparentContext() const;

  bool Encloses(DeclContext *DC) const {
    for (; DC; DC = DC->getParent())
      if (DC == this)
        return true;
    return false;
  }

  /// getPrimaryContext - There may be many different
  /// declarations of the same entity (including forward declarations
  /// of classes, multiple definitions of namespaces, etc.), each with
  /// a different set of declarations. This routine returns the
  /// "primary" DeclContext structure, which will contain the
  /// information needed to perform name lookup into this context.
  DeclContext *getPrimaryContext();

  /// getLookupContext - Retrieve the innermost non-transparent
  /// context of this context, which corresponds to the innermost
  /// location from which name lookup can find the entities in this
  /// context.
  DeclContext *getLookupContext() {
    return const_cast<DeclContext *>(
             const_cast<const DeclContext *>(this)->getLookupContext());
  }
  const DeclContext *getLookupContext() const;

  /// getNextContext - If this is a DeclContext that may have other
  /// DeclContexts that are semantically connected but syntactically
  /// different, such as C++ namespaces, this routine retrieves the
  /// next DeclContext in the link. Iteration through the chain of
  /// DeclContexts should begin at the primary DeclContext and
  /// continue until this function returns NULL. For example, given:
  /// @code
  /// namespace N {
  ///   int x;
  /// }
  /// namespace N {
  ///   int y;
  /// }
  /// @endcode
  /// The first occurrence of namespace N will be the primary
  /// DeclContext. Its getNextContext will return the second
  /// occurrence of namespace N.
  DeclContext *getNextContext();

  /// decl_iterator - Iterates through the declarations stored
  /// within this context.
  class decl_iterator {
    /// Current - The current declaration.
    Decl *Current;

  public:
    typedef Decl*                     value_type;
    typedef Decl*                     reference;
    typedef Decl*                     pointer;
    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
    typedef std::ptrdiff_t            difference_type;

    decl_iterator() : Current(0) { }
    explicit decl_iterator(Decl *C) : Current(C) { }

    reference operator*() const { return Current; }
    pointer operator->() const { return Current; }

    decl_iterator& operator++();

    decl_iterator operator++(int) {
      decl_iterator tmp(*this);
      ++(*this);
      return tmp;
    }

    friend bool operator==(decl_iterator x, decl_iterator y) {
      return x.Current == y.Current;
    }
    friend bool operator!=(decl_iterator x, decl_iterator y) {
      return x.Current != y.Current;
    }
  };

  /// decls_begin/decls_end - Iterate over the declarations stored in
  /// this context.
  decl_iterator decls_begin() const { return decl_iterator(FirstDecl); }
  decl_iterator decls_end()   const { return decl_iterator(); }

  /// specific_decl_iterator - Iterates over a subrange of
  /// declarations stored in a DeclContext, providing only those that
  /// are of type SpecificDecl (or a class derived from it). This
  /// iterator is used, for example, to provide iteration over just
  /// the fields within a RecordDecl (with SpecificDecl = FieldDecl).
  template<typename SpecificDecl>
  class specific_decl_iterator {
    /// Current - The current, underlying declaration iterator, which
    /// will either be NULL or will point to a declaration of
    /// type SpecificDecl.
    DeclContext::decl_iterator Current;

    /// SkipToNextDecl - Advances the current position up to the next
    /// declaration of type SpecificDecl that also meets the criteria
    /// required by Acceptable.
    void SkipToNextDecl() {
      while (*Current && !isa<SpecificDecl>(*Current))
        ++Current;
    }

  public:
    typedef SpecificDecl* value_type;
    typedef SpecificDecl* reference;
    typedef SpecificDecl* pointer;
    typedef std::iterator_traits<DeclContext::decl_iterator>::difference_type
      difference_type;
    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;

    specific_decl_iterator() : Current() { }

    /// specific_decl_iterator - Construct a new iterator over a
    /// subset of the declarations the range [C,
    /// end-of-declarations). If A is non-NULL, it is a pointer to a
    /// member function of SpecificDecl that should return true for
    /// all of the SpecificDecl instances that will be in the subset
    /// of iterators. For example, if you want Objective-C instance
    /// methods, SpecificDecl will be ObjCMethodDecl and A will be
    /// &ObjCMethodDecl::isInstanceMethod.
    explicit specific_decl_iterator(DeclContext::decl_iterator C) : Current(C) {
      SkipToNextDecl();
    }

    reference operator*() const { return cast<SpecificDecl>(*Current); }
    pointer operator->() const { return cast<SpecificDecl>(*Current); }

    specific_decl_iterator& operator++() {
      ++Current;
      SkipToNextDecl();
      return *this;
    }

    specific_decl_iterator operator++(int) {
      specific_decl_iterator tmp(*this);
      ++(*this);
      return tmp;
    }

    friend bool
    operator==(const specific_decl_iterator& x, const specific_decl_iterator& y) {
      return x.Current == y.Current;
    }

    friend bool
    operator!=(const specific_decl_iterator& x, const specific_decl_iterator& y) {
      return x.Current != y.Current;
    }
  };

  /// \brief Iterates over a filtered subrange of declarations stored
  /// in a DeclContext.
  ///
  /// This iterator visits only those declarations that are of type
  /// SpecificDecl (or a class derived from it) and that meet some
  /// additional run-time criteria. This iterator is used, for
  /// example, to provide access to the instance methods within an
  /// Objective-C interface (with SpecificDecl = ObjCMethodDecl and
  /// Acceptable = ObjCMethodDecl::isInstanceMethod).
  template<typename SpecificDecl, bool (SpecificDecl::*Acceptable)() const>
  class filtered_decl_iterator {
    /// Current - The current, underlying declaration iterator, which
    /// will either be NULL or will point to a declaration of
    /// type SpecificDecl.
    DeclContext::decl_iterator Current;

    /// SkipToNextDecl - Advances the current position up to the next
    /// declaration of type SpecificDecl that also meets the criteria
    /// required by Acceptable.
    void SkipToNextDecl() {
      while (*Current &&
             (!isa<SpecificDecl>(*Current) ||
              (Acceptable && !(cast<SpecificDecl>(*Current)->*Acceptable)())))
        ++Current;
    }

  public:
    typedef SpecificDecl* value_type;
    typedef SpecificDecl* reference;
    typedef SpecificDecl* pointer;
    typedef std::iterator_traits<DeclContext::decl_iterator>::difference_type
      difference_type;
    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;

    filtered_decl_iterator() : Current() { }

    /// specific_decl_iterator - Construct a new iterator over a
    /// subset of the declarations the range [C,
    /// end-of-declarations). If A is non-NULL, it is a pointer to a
    /// member function of SpecificDecl that should return true for
    /// all of the SpecificDecl instances that will be in the subset
    /// of iterators. For example, if you want Objective-C instance
    /// methods, SpecificDecl will be ObjCMethodDecl and A will be
    /// &ObjCMethodDecl::isInstanceMethod.
    explicit filtered_decl_iterator(DeclContext::decl_iterator C) : Current(C) {
      SkipToNextDecl();
    }

    reference operator*() const { return cast<SpecificDecl>(*Current); }
    pointer operator->() const { return cast<SpecificDecl>(*Current); }

    filtered_decl_iterator& operator++() {
      ++Current;
      SkipToNextDecl();
      return *this;
    }

    filtered_decl_iterator operator++(int) {
      filtered_decl_iterator tmp(*this);
      ++(*this);
      return tmp;
    }

    friend bool
    operator==(const filtered_decl_iterator& x, const filtered_decl_iterator& y) {
      return x.Current == y.Current;
    }

    friend bool
    operator!=(const filtered_decl_iterator& x, const filtered_decl_iterator& y) {
      return x.Current != y.Current;
    }
  };

  /// @brief Add the declaration D into this context.
  ///
  /// This routine should be invoked when the declaration D has first
  /// been declared, to place D into the context where it was
  /// (lexically) defined. Every declaration must be added to one
  /// (and only one!) context, where it can be visited via
  /// [decls_begin(), decls_end()). Once a declaration has been added
  /// to its lexical context, the corresponding DeclContext owns the
  /// declaration.
  ///
  /// If D is also a NamedDecl, it will be made visible within its
  /// semantic context via makeDeclVisibleInContext.
  void addDecl(Decl *D);

  /// lookup_iterator - An iterator that provides access to the results
  /// of looking up a name within this context.
  typedef NamedDecl **lookup_iterator;

  /// lookup_const_iterator - An iterator that provides non-mutable
  /// access to the results of lookup up a name within this context.
  typedef NamedDecl * const * lookup_const_iterator;

  typedef std::pair<lookup_iterator, lookup_iterator> lookup_result;
  typedef std::pair<lookup_const_iterator, lookup_const_iterator>
    lookup_const_result;

  /// lookup - Find the declarations (if any) with the given Name in
  /// this context. Returns a range of iterators that contains all of
  /// the declarations with this name, with object, function, member,
  /// and enumerator names preceding any tag name. Note that this
  /// routine will not look into parent contexts.
  lookup_result lookup(DeclarationName Name);
  lookup_const_result lookup(DeclarationName Name) const;

  /// @brief Makes a declaration visible within this context.
  ///
  /// This routine makes the declaration D visible to name lookup
  /// within this context and, if this is a transparent context,
  /// within its parent contexts up to the first enclosing
  /// non-transparent context. Making a declaration visible within a
  /// context does not transfer ownership of a declaration, and a
  /// declaration can be visible in many contexts that aren't its
  /// lexical context.
  ///
  /// If D is a redeclaration of an existing declaration that is
  /// visible from this context, as determined by
  /// NamedDecl::declarationReplaces, the previous declaration will be
  /// replaced with D.
  void makeDeclVisibleInContext(NamedDecl *D);

  /// udir_iterator - Iterates through the using-directives stored
  /// within this context.
  typedef UsingDirectiveDecl * const * udir_iterator;

  typedef std::pair<udir_iterator, udir_iterator> udir_iterator_range;

  udir_iterator_range getUsingDirectives() const;

  udir_iterator using_directives_begin() const {
    return getUsingDirectives().first;
  }

  udir_iterator using_directives_end() const {
    return getUsingDirectives().second;
  }

  static bool classof(const Decl *D) {
    switch (D->getKind()) {
#define DECL_CONTEXT(Name) case Decl::Name:
#define DECL_CONTEXT_BASE(Name)
#include "clang/AST/DeclNodes.def"
        return true;
      default:
#define DECL_CONTEXT_BASE(Name)                   \
        if (D->getKind() >= Decl::Name##First &&  \
            D->getKind() <= Decl::Name##Last)     \
          return true;
#include "clang/AST/DeclNodes.def"
        return false;
    }
  }
  static bool classof(const DeclContext *D) { return true; }
#define DECL_CONTEXT(Name) \
  static bool classof(const Name##Decl *D) { return true; }
#include "clang/AST/DeclNodes.def"

private:
  void buildLookup(DeclContext *DCtx);
  void makeDeclVisibleInContextImpl(NamedDecl *D);

  void EmitOutRec(llvm::Serializer& S) const;
  void ReadOutRec(llvm::Deserializer& D, ASTContext& C);

  friend class Decl;
};

template<> struct DeclContext::KindTrait<DeclContext> {
  static Decl::Kind getKind(const DeclContext *D) { return D->DeclKind; }
};

inline bool Decl::isTemplateParameter() const {
  return getKind() == TemplateTypeParm || getKind() == NonTypeTemplateParm;
}

inline bool Decl::isDefinedOutsideFunctionOrMethod() const {
  if (getDeclContext())
    return !getDeclContext()->getLookupContext()->isFunctionOrMethod();
  else
    return true;
}

inline DeclContext::decl_iterator& DeclContext::decl_iterator::operator++() {
  Current = getNextDeclInScope(Current);
  return *this;
}

} // end clang.

namespace llvm {

/// Implement a isa_impl_wrap specialization to check whether a DeclContext is
/// a specific Decl.
template<class ToTy>
struct isa_impl_wrap<ToTy,
                     const ::clang::DeclContext,const ::clang::DeclContext> {
  static bool doit(const ::clang::DeclContext &Val) {
    return ToTy::classof(::clang::Decl::castFromDeclContext(&Val));
  }
};
template<class ToTy>
struct isa_impl_wrap<ToTy, ::clang::DeclContext, ::clang::DeclContext>
  : public isa_impl_wrap<ToTy,
                      const ::clang::DeclContext,const ::clang::DeclContext> {};

/// Implement cast_convert_val for Decl -> DeclContext conversions.
template<class FromTy>
struct cast_convert_val< ::clang::DeclContext, FromTy, FromTy> {
  static ::clang::DeclContext &doit(const FromTy &Val) {
    return *FromTy::castToDeclContext(&Val);
  }
};

template<class FromTy>
struct cast_convert_val< ::clang::DeclContext, FromTy*, FromTy*> {
  static ::clang::DeclContext *doit(const FromTy *Val) {
    return FromTy::castToDeclContext(Val);
  }
};

template<class FromTy>
struct cast_convert_val< const ::clang::DeclContext, FromTy, FromTy> {
  static const ::clang::DeclContext &doit(const FromTy &Val) {
    return *FromTy::castToDeclContext(&Val);
  }
};

template<class FromTy>
struct cast_convert_val< const ::clang::DeclContext, FromTy*, FromTy*> {
  static const ::clang::DeclContext *doit(const FromTy *Val) {
    return FromTy::castToDeclContext(Val);
  }
};

/// Implement cast_convert_val for DeclContext -> Decl conversions.
template<class ToTy>
struct cast_convert_val<ToTy,
                        const ::clang::DeclContext,const ::clang::DeclContext> {
  static ToTy &doit(const ::clang::DeclContext &Val) {
    return *reinterpret_cast<ToTy*>(ToTy::castFromDeclContext(&Val));
  }
};
template<class ToTy>
struct cast_convert_val<ToTy, ::clang::DeclContext, ::clang::DeclContext>
  : public cast_convert_val<ToTy,
                      const ::clang::DeclContext,const ::clang::DeclContext> {};

template<class ToTy>
struct cast_convert_val<ToTy,
                     const ::clang::DeclContext*, const ::clang::DeclContext*> {
  static ToTy *doit(const ::clang::DeclContext *Val) {
    return reinterpret_cast<ToTy*>(ToTy::castFromDeclContext(Val));
  }
};
template<class ToTy>
struct cast_convert_val<ToTy, ::clang::DeclContext*, ::clang::DeclContext*>
  : public cast_convert_val<ToTy,
                    const ::clang::DeclContext*,const ::clang::DeclContext*> {};

} // end namespace llvm

#endif