xref: /external/clang/include/clang/AST/ExprCXX.h

//===--- ExprCXX.h - Classes for representing expressions -------*- C++ -*-===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//  This file defines the Expr interface and subclasses for C++ expressions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_AST_EXPRCXX_H
#define LLVM_CLANG_AST_EXPRCXX_H

#include "clang/Basic/TypeTraits.h"
#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
#include "clang/AST/UnresolvedSet.h"
#include "clang/AST/TemplateBase.h"

namespace clang {

  class CXXConstructorDecl;
  class CXXDestructorDecl;
  class CXXMethodDecl;
  class CXXTemporary;
  class TemplateArgumentListInfo;

//===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// C++ Expressions.
//===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// \brief A call to an overloaded operator written using operator
/// syntax.
///
/// Represents a call to an overloaded operator written using operator
/// syntax, e.g., "x + y" or "*p". While semantically equivalent to a
/// normal call, this AST node provides better information about the
/// syntactic representation of the call.
///
/// In a C++ template, this expression node kind will be used whenever
/// any of the arguments are type-dependent. In this case, the
/// function itself will be a (possibly empty) set of functions and
/// function templates that were found by name lookup at template
/// definition time.
class CXXOperatorCallExpr : public CallExpr {
  /// \brief The overloaded operator.
  OverloadedOperatorKind Operator;

public:
  CXXOperatorCallExpr(ASTContext& C, OverloadedOperatorKind Op, Expr *fn,
                      Expr **args, unsigned numargs, QualType t,
                      SourceLocation operatorloc)
    : CallExpr(C, CXXOperatorCallExprClass, fn, args, numargs, t, operatorloc),
      Operator(Op) {}
  explicit CXXOperatorCallExpr(ASTContext& C, EmptyShell Empty) :
    CallExpr(C, CXXOperatorCallExprClass, Empty) { }


  /// getOperator - Returns the kind of overloaded operator that this
  /// expression refers to.
  OverloadedOperatorKind getOperator() const { return Operator; }
  void setOperator(OverloadedOperatorKind Kind) { Operator = Kind; }

  /// getOperatorLoc - Returns the location of the operator symbol in
  /// the expression. When @c getOperator()==OO_Call, this is the
  /// location of the right parentheses; when @c
  /// getOperator()==OO_Subscript, this is the location of the right
  /// bracket.
  SourceLocation getOperatorLoc() const { return getRParenLoc(); }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const;

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXOperatorCallExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXOperatorCallExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXMemberCallExpr - Represents a call to a member function that
/// may be written either with member call syntax (e.g., "obj.func()"
/// or "objptr->func()") or with normal function-call syntax
/// ("func()") within a member function that ends up calling a member
/// function. The callee in either case is a MemberExpr that contains
/// both the object argument and the member function, while the
/// arguments are the arguments within the parentheses (not including
/// the object argument).
class CXXMemberCallExpr : public CallExpr {
public:
  CXXMemberCallExpr(ASTContext& C, Expr *fn, Expr **args, unsigned numargs,
                    QualType t, SourceLocation rparenloc)
    : CallExpr(C, CXXMemberCallExprClass, fn, args, numargs, t, rparenloc) {}

  /// getImplicitObjectArgument - Retrieves the implicit object
  /// argument for the member call. For example, in "x.f(5)", this
  /// operation would return "x".
  Expr *getImplicitObjectArgument();

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const;

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXMemberCallExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXMemberCallExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXNamedCastExpr - Abstract class common to all of the C++ "named"
/// casts, @c static_cast, @c dynamic_cast, @c reinterpret_cast, or @c
/// const_cast.
///
/// This abstract class is inherited by all of the classes
/// representing "named" casts, e.g., CXXStaticCastExpr,
/// CXXDynamicCastExpr, CXXReinterpretCastExpr, and CXXConstCastExpr.
class CXXNamedCastExpr : public ExplicitCastExpr {
private:
  SourceLocation Loc; // the location of the casting op

protected:
  CXXNamedCastExpr(StmtClass SC, QualType ty, CastKind kind, Expr *op,
                   TypeSourceInfo *writtenTy, SourceLocation l)
    : ExplicitCastExpr(SC, ty, kind, op, writtenTy), Loc(l) {}

  explicit CXXNamedCastExpr(StmtClass SC, EmptyShell Shell)
    : ExplicitCastExpr(SC, Shell) { }

public:
  const char *getCastName() const;

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the cast operator keyword, e.g.,
  /// "static_cast".
  SourceLocation getOperatorLoc() const { return Loc; }
  void setOperatorLoc(SourceLocation L) { Loc = L; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(Loc, getSubExpr()->getSourceRange().getEnd());
  }
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    switch (T->getStmtClass()) {
    case CXXNamedCastExprClass:
    case CXXStaticCastExprClass:
    case CXXDynamicCastExprClass:
    case CXXReinterpretCastExprClass:
    case CXXConstCastExprClass:
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
    }
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXNamedCastExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXStaticCastExpr - A C++ @c static_cast expression (C++ [expr.static.cast]).
///
/// This expression node represents a C++ static cast, e.g.,
/// @c static_cast<int>(1.0).
class CXXStaticCastExpr : public CXXNamedCastExpr {
public:
  CXXStaticCastExpr(QualType ty, CastKind kind, Expr *op,
                    TypeSourceInfo *writtenTy, SourceLocation l)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXStaticCastExprClass, ty, kind, op, writtenTy, l) {}

  explicit CXXStaticCastExpr(EmptyShell Empty)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXStaticCastExprClass, Empty) { }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXStaticCastExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXStaticCastExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXDynamicCastExpr - A C++ @c dynamic_cast expression
/// (C++ [expr.dynamic.cast]), which may perform a run-time check to
/// determine how to perform the type cast.
///
/// This expression node represents a dynamic cast, e.g.,
/// @c dynamic_cast<Derived*>(BasePtr).
class CXXDynamicCastExpr : public CXXNamedCastExpr {
public:
  CXXDynamicCastExpr(QualType ty, CastKind kind, Expr *op,
                     TypeSourceInfo *writtenTy, SourceLocation l)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXDynamicCastExprClass, ty, kind, op, writtenTy, l) {}

  explicit CXXDynamicCastExpr(EmptyShell Empty)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXDynamicCastExprClass, Empty) { }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXDynamicCastExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXDynamicCastExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXReinterpretCastExpr - A C++ @c reinterpret_cast expression (C++
/// [expr.reinterpret.cast]), which provides a differently-typed view
/// of a value but performs no actual work at run time.
///
/// This expression node represents a reinterpret cast, e.g.,
/// @c reinterpret_cast<int>(VoidPtr).
class CXXReinterpretCastExpr : public CXXNamedCastExpr {
public:
  CXXReinterpretCastExpr(QualType ty, CastKind kind, Expr *op,
                         TypeSourceInfo *writtenTy, SourceLocation l)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXReinterpretCastExprClass, ty, kind, op,
                       writtenTy, l) {}

  explicit CXXReinterpretCastExpr(EmptyShell Empty)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXReinterpretCastExprClass, Empty) { }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXReinterpretCastExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXReinterpretCastExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXConstCastExpr - A C++ @c const_cast expression (C++ [expr.const.cast]),
/// which can remove type qualifiers but does not change the underlying value.
///
/// This expression node represents a const cast, e.g.,
/// @c const_cast<char*>(PtrToConstChar).
class CXXConstCastExpr : public CXXNamedCastExpr {
public:
  CXXConstCastExpr(QualType ty, Expr *op, TypeSourceInfo *writtenTy,
                   SourceLocation l)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXConstCastExprClass, ty, CK_NoOp, op, writtenTy, l) {}

  explicit CXXConstCastExpr(EmptyShell Empty)
    : CXXNamedCastExpr(CXXConstCastExprClass, Empty) { }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXConstCastExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXConstCastExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXBoolLiteralExpr - [C++ 2.13.5] C++ Boolean Literal.
///
class CXXBoolLiteralExpr : public Expr {
  bool Value;
  SourceLocation Loc;
public:
  CXXBoolLiteralExpr(bool val, QualType Ty, SourceLocation l) :
    Expr(CXXBoolLiteralExprClass, Ty, false, false), Value(val), Loc(l) {}

  bool getValue() const { return Value; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const { return SourceRange(Loc); }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXBoolLiteralExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXBoolLiteralExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXNullPtrLiteralExpr - [C++0x 2.14.7] C++ Pointer Literal
class CXXNullPtrLiteralExpr : public Expr {
  SourceLocation Loc;
public:
  CXXNullPtrLiteralExpr(QualType Ty, SourceLocation l) :
    Expr(CXXNullPtrLiteralExprClass, Ty, false, false), Loc(l) {}

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const { return SourceRange(Loc); }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXNullPtrLiteralExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXNullPtrLiteralExpr *) { return true; }

  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXTypeidExpr - A C++ @c typeid expression (C++ [expr.typeid]), which gets
/// the type_info that corresponds to the supplied type, or the (possibly
/// dynamic) type of the supplied expression.
///
/// This represents code like @c typeid(int) or @c typeid(*objPtr)
class CXXTypeidExpr : public Expr {
private:
  bool isTypeOp : 1;
  union {
    void *Ty;
    Stmt *Ex;
  } Operand;
  SourceRange Range;

public:
  CXXTypeidExpr(bool isTypeOp, void *op, QualType Ty, const SourceRange r) :
      Expr(CXXTypeidExprClass, Ty,
        // typeid is never type-dependent (C++ [temp.dep.expr]p4)
        false,
        // typeid is value-dependent if the type or expression are dependent
        (isTypeOp ? QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(op)->isDependentType()
                  : static_cast<Expr*>(op)->isValueDependent())),
      isTypeOp(isTypeOp), Range(r) {
    if (isTypeOp)
      Operand.Ty = op;
    else
      // op was an Expr*, so cast it back to that to be safe
      Operand.Ex = static_cast<Expr*>(op);
  }

  bool isTypeOperand() const { return isTypeOp; }
  QualType getTypeOperand() const {
    assert(isTypeOperand() && "Cannot call getTypeOperand for typeid(expr)");
    return QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(Operand.Ty);
  }
  Expr* getExprOperand() const {
    assert(!isTypeOperand() && "Cannot call getExprOperand for typeid(type)");
    return static_cast<Expr*>(Operand.Ex);
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return Range;
  }
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXTypeidExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXTypeidExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXThisExpr - Represents the "this" expression in C++, which is a
/// pointer to the object on which the current member function is
/// executing (C++ [expr.prim]p3). Example:
///
/// @code
/// class Foo {
/// public:
///   void bar();
///   void test() { this->bar(); }
/// };
/// @endcode
class CXXThisExpr : public Expr {
  SourceLocation Loc;
  bool Implicit : 1;

public:
  CXXThisExpr(SourceLocation L, QualType Type, bool isImplicit)
    : Expr(CXXThisExprClass, Type,
           // 'this' is type-dependent if the class type of the enclosing
           // member function is dependent (C++ [temp.dep.expr]p2)
           Type->isDependentType(), Type->isDependentType()),
      Loc(L), Implicit(isImplicit) { }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const { return SourceRange(Loc); }

  bool isImplicit() const { return Implicit; }
  void setImplicit(bool I) { Implicit = I; }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXThisExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXThisExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

///  CXXThrowExpr - [C++ 15] C++ Throw Expression.  This handles
///  'throw' and 'throw' assignment-expression.  When
///  assignment-expression isn't present, Op will be null.
///
class CXXThrowExpr : public Expr {
  Stmt *Op;
  SourceLocation ThrowLoc;
public:
  // Ty is the void type which is used as the result type of the
  // exepression.  The l is the location of the throw keyword.  expr
  // can by null, if the optional expression to throw isn't present.
  CXXThrowExpr(Expr *expr, QualType Ty, SourceLocation l) :
    Expr(CXXThrowExprClass, Ty, false, false), Op(expr), ThrowLoc(l) {}
  const Expr *getSubExpr() const { return cast_or_null<Expr>(Op); }
  Expr *getSubExpr() { return cast_or_null<Expr>(Op); }
  void setSubExpr(Expr *E) { Op = E; }

  SourceLocation getThrowLoc() const { return ThrowLoc; }
  void setThrowLoc(SourceLocation L) { ThrowLoc = L; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    if (getSubExpr() == 0)
      return SourceRange(ThrowLoc, ThrowLoc);
    return SourceRange(ThrowLoc, getSubExpr()->getSourceRange().getEnd());
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXThrowExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXThrowExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXDefaultArgExpr - C++ [dcl.fct.default]. This wraps up a
/// function call argument that was created from the corresponding
/// parameter's default argument, when the call did not explicitly
/// supply arguments for all of the parameters.
class CXXDefaultArgExpr : public Expr {
  /// \brief The parameter whose default is being used.
  ///
  /// When the bit is set, the subexpression is stored after the
  /// CXXDefaultArgExpr itself. When the bit is clear, the parameter's
  /// actual default expression is the subexpression.
  llvm::PointerIntPair<ParmVarDecl *, 1, bool> Param;

  /// \brief The location where the default argument expression was used.
  SourceLocation Loc;

protected:
  CXXDefaultArgExpr(StmtClass SC, SourceLocation Loc, ParmVarDecl *param)
    : Expr(SC,
           param->hasUnparsedDefaultArg()
             ? param->getType().getNonReferenceType()
             : param->getDefaultArg()->getType(),
           false, false),
      Param(param, false), Loc(Loc) { }

  CXXDefaultArgExpr(StmtClass SC, SourceLocation Loc, ParmVarDecl *param,
                    Expr *SubExpr)
    : Expr(SC, SubExpr->getType(), false, false), Param(param, true), Loc(Loc)
  {
    *reinterpret_cast<Expr **>(this + 1) = SubExpr;
  }

protected:
  virtual void DoDestroy(ASTContext &C);

public:
  // Param is the parameter whose default argument is used by this
  // expression.
  static CXXDefaultArgExpr *Create(ASTContext &C, SourceLocation Loc,
                                   ParmVarDecl *Param) {
    return new (C) CXXDefaultArgExpr(CXXDefaultArgExprClass, Loc, Param);
  }

  // Param is the parameter whose default argument is used by this
  // expression, and SubExpr is the expression that will actually be used.
  static CXXDefaultArgExpr *Create(ASTContext &C,
                                   SourceLocation Loc,
                                   ParmVarDecl *Param,
                                   Expr *SubExpr);

  // Retrieve the parameter that the argument was created from.
  const ParmVarDecl *getParam() const { return Param.getPointer(); }
  ParmVarDecl *getParam() { return Param.getPointer(); }

  // Retrieve the actual argument to the function call.
  const Expr *getExpr() const {
    if (Param.getInt())
      return *reinterpret_cast<Expr const * const*> (this + 1);
    return getParam()->getDefaultArg();
  }
  Expr *getExpr() {
    if (Param.getInt())
      return *reinterpret_cast<Expr **> (this + 1);
    return getParam()->getDefaultArg();
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location where this default argument was actually
  /// used.
  SourceLocation getUsedLocation() const { return Loc; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    // Default argument expressions have no representation in the
    // source, so they have an empty source range.
    return SourceRange();
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXDefaultArgExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXDefaultArgExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXTemporary - Represents a C++ temporary.
class CXXTemporary {
  /// Destructor - The destructor that needs to be called.
  const CXXDestructorDecl *Destructor;

  CXXTemporary(const CXXDestructorDecl *destructor)
    : Destructor(destructor) { }
  ~CXXTemporary() { }

public:
  static CXXTemporary *Create(ASTContext &C,
                              const CXXDestructorDecl *Destructor);

  void Destroy(ASTContext &Ctx);

  const CXXDestructorDecl *getDestructor() const { return Destructor; }
};

/// CXXBindTemporaryExpr - Represents binding an expression to a temporary,
/// so its destructor can be called later.
class CXXBindTemporaryExpr : public Expr {
  CXXTemporary *Temp;

  Stmt *SubExpr;

  CXXBindTemporaryExpr(CXXTemporary *temp, Expr* subexpr)
   : Expr(CXXBindTemporaryExprClass, subexpr->getType(), false, false),
     Temp(temp), SubExpr(subexpr) { }
  ~CXXBindTemporaryExpr() { }

protected:
  virtual void DoDestroy(ASTContext &C);

public:
  static CXXBindTemporaryExpr *Create(ASTContext &C, CXXTemporary *Temp,
                                      Expr* SubExpr);

  CXXTemporary *getTemporary() { return Temp; }
  const CXXTemporary *getTemporary() const { return Temp; }

  const Expr *getSubExpr() const { return cast<Expr>(SubExpr); }
  Expr *getSubExpr() { return cast<Expr>(SubExpr); }
  void setSubExpr(Expr *E) { SubExpr = E; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SubExpr->getSourceRange();
  }

  // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXBindTemporaryExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXBindReferenceExpr - Represents binding an expression to a reference.
/// In the example:
///
/// const int &i = 10;
///
/// a bind reference expression is inserted to indicate that 10 is bound to
/// a reference. (Ans also that a temporary needs to be created to hold the
/// value).
class CXXBindReferenceExpr : public Expr {
  // SubExpr - The expression being bound.
  Stmt *SubExpr;

  // ExtendsLifetime - Whether binding this reference extends the lifetime of
  // the expression being bound. FIXME: Add C++ reference.
  bool ExtendsLifetime;

  /// RequiresTemporaryCopy - Whether binding the subexpression requires a
  /// temporary copy.
  bool RequiresTemporaryCopy;

  CXXBindReferenceExpr(Expr *subexpr, bool ExtendsLifetime,
                       bool RequiresTemporaryCopy)
  : Expr(CXXBindReferenceExprClass, subexpr->getType(), false, false),
    SubExpr(subexpr), ExtendsLifetime(ExtendsLifetime),
    RequiresTemporaryCopy(RequiresTemporaryCopy) { }
  ~CXXBindReferenceExpr() { }

protected:
  virtual void DoDestroy(ASTContext &C);

public:
  static CXXBindReferenceExpr *Create(ASTContext &C, Expr *SubExpr,
                                      bool ExtendsLifetime,
                                      bool RequiresTemporaryCopy);

  const Expr *getSubExpr() const { return cast<Expr>(SubExpr); }
  Expr *getSubExpr() { return cast<Expr>(SubExpr); }
  void setSubExpr(Expr *E) { SubExpr = E; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SubExpr->getSourceRange();
  }

  /// requiresTemporaryCopy - Whether binding the subexpression requires a
  /// temporary copy.
  bool requiresTemporaryCopy() const { return RequiresTemporaryCopy; }

  // extendsLifetime - Whether binding this reference extends the lifetime of
  // the expression being bound. FIXME: Add C++ reference.
  bool extendsLifetime() { return ExtendsLifetime; }

  // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXBindReferenceExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXBindReferenceExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXConstructExpr - Represents a call to a C++ constructor.
class CXXConstructExpr : public Expr {
  CXXConstructorDecl *Constructor;

  SourceLocation Loc;
  bool Elidable : 1;
  bool ZeroInitialization : 1;
  bool BaseInitialization : 1;
  Stmt **Args;
  unsigned NumArgs;

protected:
  CXXConstructExpr(ASTContext &C, StmtClass SC, QualType T,
                   SourceLocation Loc,
                   CXXConstructorDecl *d, bool elidable,
                   Expr **args, unsigned numargs,
                   bool ZeroInitialization = false,
                   bool BaseInitialization = false);
  ~CXXConstructExpr() { }

  virtual void DoDestroy(ASTContext &C);

public:
  /// \brief Construct an empty C++ construction expression that will store
  /// \p numargs arguments.
  CXXConstructExpr(EmptyShell Empty, ASTContext &C, unsigned numargs);

  static CXXConstructExpr *Create(ASTContext &C, QualType T,
                                  SourceLocation Loc,
                                  CXXConstructorDecl *D, bool Elidable,
                                  Expr **Args, unsigned NumArgs,
                                  bool ZeroInitialization = false,
                                  bool BaseInitialization = false);


  CXXConstructorDecl* getConstructor() const { return Constructor; }
  void setConstructor(CXXConstructorDecl *C) { Constructor = C; }

  SourceLocation getLocation() const { return Loc; }
  void setLocation(SourceLocation Loc) { this->Loc = Loc; }

  /// \brief Whether this construction is elidable.
  bool isElidable() const { return Elidable; }
  void setElidable(bool E) { Elidable = E; }

  /// \brief Whether this construction first requires
  /// zero-initialization before the initializer is called.
  bool requiresZeroInitialization() const { return ZeroInitialization; }
  void setRequiresZeroInitialization(bool ZeroInit) {
    ZeroInitialization = ZeroInit;
  }

  /// \brief Determines whether this constructor is actually constructing
  /// a base class (rather than a complete object).
  bool isBaseInitialization() const { return BaseInitialization; }
  void setBaseInitialization(bool BI) { BaseInitialization = BI; }

  typedef ExprIterator arg_iterator;
  typedef ConstExprIterator const_arg_iterator;

  arg_iterator arg_begin() { return Args; }
  arg_iterator arg_end() { return Args + NumArgs; }
  const_arg_iterator arg_begin() const { return Args; }
  const_arg_iterator arg_end() const { return Args + NumArgs; }

  Expr **getArgs() const { return reinterpret_cast<Expr **>(Args); }
  unsigned getNumArgs() const { return NumArgs; }

  /// getArg - Return the specified argument.
  Expr *getArg(unsigned Arg) {
    assert(Arg < NumArgs && "Arg access out of range!");
    return cast<Expr>(Args[Arg]);
  }
  const Expr *getArg(unsigned Arg) const {
    assert(Arg < NumArgs && "Arg access out of range!");
    return cast<Expr>(Args[Arg]);
  }

  /// setArg - Set the specified argument.
  void setArg(unsigned Arg, Expr *ArgExpr) {
    assert(Arg < NumArgs && "Arg access out of range!");
    Args[Arg] = ArgExpr;
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const;

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXConstructExprClass ||
      T->getStmtClass() == CXXTemporaryObjectExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXConstructExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXFunctionalCastExpr - Represents an explicit C++ type conversion
/// that uses "functional" notion (C++ [expr.type.conv]). Example: @c
/// x = int(0.5);
class CXXFunctionalCastExpr : public ExplicitCastExpr {
  SourceLocation TyBeginLoc;
  SourceLocation RParenLoc;
public:
  CXXFunctionalCastExpr(QualType ty, TypeSourceInfo *writtenTy,
                        SourceLocation tyBeginLoc, CastKind kind,
                        Expr *castExpr, SourceLocation rParenLoc)
    : ExplicitCastExpr(CXXFunctionalCastExprClass, ty, kind, castExpr,
                       writtenTy),
      TyBeginLoc(tyBeginLoc), RParenLoc(rParenLoc) {}

  explicit CXXFunctionalCastExpr(EmptyShell Shell)
    : ExplicitCastExpr(CXXFunctionalCastExprClass, Shell) { }

  SourceLocation getTypeBeginLoc() const { return TyBeginLoc; }
  void setTypeBeginLoc(SourceLocation L) { TyBeginLoc = L; }
  SourceLocation getRParenLoc() const { return RParenLoc; }
  void setRParenLoc(SourceLocation L) { RParenLoc = L; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(TyBeginLoc, RParenLoc);
  }
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXFunctionalCastExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXFunctionalCastExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// @brief Represents a C++ functional cast expression that builds a
/// temporary object.
///
/// This expression type represents a C++ "functional" cast
/// (C++[expr.type.conv]) with N != 1 arguments that invokes a
/// constructor to build a temporary object. If N == 0 but no
/// constructor will be called (because the functional cast is
/// performing a value-initialized an object whose class type has no
/// user-declared constructors), CXXZeroInitValueExpr will represent
/// the functional cast. Finally, with N == 1 arguments the functional
/// cast expression will be represented by CXXFunctionalCastExpr.
/// Example:
/// @code
/// struct X { X(int, float); }
///
/// X create_X() {
///   return X(1, 3.14f); // creates a CXXTemporaryObjectExpr
/// };
/// @endcode
class CXXTemporaryObjectExpr : public CXXConstructExpr {
  SourceLocation TyBeginLoc;
  SourceLocation RParenLoc;

public:
  CXXTemporaryObjectExpr(ASTContext &C, CXXConstructorDecl *Cons,
                         QualType writtenTy, SourceLocation tyBeginLoc,
                         Expr **Args,unsigned NumArgs,
                         SourceLocation rParenLoc);

  ~CXXTemporaryObjectExpr() { }

  SourceLocation getTypeBeginLoc() const { return TyBeginLoc; }
  SourceLocation getRParenLoc() const { return RParenLoc; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(TyBeginLoc, RParenLoc);
  }
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXTemporaryObjectExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXTemporaryObjectExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// CXXZeroInitValueExpr - [C++ 5.2.3p2]
/// Expression "T()" which creates a value-initialized rvalue of type
/// T, which is either a non-class type or a class type without any
/// user-defined constructors.
///
class CXXZeroInitValueExpr : public Expr {
  SourceLocation TyBeginLoc;
  SourceLocation RParenLoc;

public:
  CXXZeroInitValueExpr(QualType ty, SourceLocation tyBeginLoc,
                       SourceLocation rParenLoc ) :
    Expr(CXXZeroInitValueExprClass, ty, false, false),
    TyBeginLoc(tyBeginLoc), RParenLoc(rParenLoc) {}

  SourceLocation getTypeBeginLoc() const { return TyBeginLoc; }
  SourceLocation getRParenLoc() const { return RParenLoc; }

  /// @brief Whether this initialization expression was
  /// implicitly-generated.
  bool isImplicit() const {
    return TyBeginLoc.isInvalid() && RParenLoc.isInvalid();
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(TyBeginLoc, RParenLoc);
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXZeroInitValueExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXZeroInitValueExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXNewExpr - A new expression for memory allocation and constructor calls,
/// e.g: "new CXXNewExpr(foo)".
class CXXNewExpr : public Expr {
  // Was the usage ::new, i.e. is the global new to be used?
  bool GlobalNew : 1;
  // Was the form (type-id) used? Otherwise, it was new-type-id.
  bool ParenTypeId : 1;
  // Is there an initializer? If not, built-ins are uninitialized, else they're
  // value-initialized.
  bool Initializer : 1;
  // Do we allocate an array? If so, the first SubExpr is the size expression.
  bool Array : 1;
  // The number of placement new arguments.
  unsigned NumPlacementArgs : 14;
  // The number of constructor arguments. This may be 1 even for non-class
  // types; use the pseudo copy constructor.
  unsigned NumConstructorArgs : 14;
  // Contains an optional array size expression, any number of optional
  // placement arguments, and any number of optional constructor arguments,
  // in that order.
  Stmt **SubExprs;
  // Points to the allocation function used.
  FunctionDecl *OperatorNew;
  // Points to the deallocation function used in case of error. May be null.
  FunctionDecl *OperatorDelete;
  // Points to the constructor used. Cannot be null if AllocType is a record;
  // it would still point at the default constructor (even an implicit one).
  // Must be null for all other types.
  CXXConstructorDecl *Constructor;

  SourceLocation StartLoc;
  SourceLocation EndLoc;

public:
  CXXNewExpr(bool globalNew, FunctionDecl *operatorNew, Expr **placementArgs,
             unsigned numPlaceArgs, bool ParenTypeId, Expr *arraySize,
             CXXConstructorDecl *constructor, bool initializer,
             Expr **constructorArgs, unsigned numConsArgs,
             FunctionDecl *operatorDelete, QualType ty,
             SourceLocation startLoc, SourceLocation endLoc);
  ~CXXNewExpr() {
    delete[] SubExprs;
  }

  QualType getAllocatedType() const {
    assert(getType()->isPointerType());
    return getType()->getAs<PointerType>()->getPointeeType();
  }

  FunctionDecl *getOperatorNew() const { return OperatorNew; }
  FunctionDecl *getOperatorDelete() const { return OperatorDelete; }
  CXXConstructorDecl *getConstructor() const { return Constructor; }

  bool isArray() const { return Array; }
  Expr *getArraySize() {
    return Array ? cast<Expr>(SubExprs[0]) : 0;
  }
  const Expr *getArraySize() const {
    return Array ? cast<Expr>(SubExprs[0]) : 0;
  }

  unsigned getNumPlacementArgs() const { return NumPlacementArgs; }
  Expr *getPlacementArg(unsigned i) {
    assert(i < NumPlacementArgs && "Index out of range");
    return cast<Expr>(SubExprs[Array + i]);
  }
  const Expr *getPlacementArg(unsigned i) const {
    assert(i < NumPlacementArgs && "Index out of range");
    return cast<Expr>(SubExprs[Array + i]);
  }

  bool isGlobalNew() const { return GlobalNew; }
  bool isParenTypeId() const { return ParenTypeId; }
  bool hasInitializer() const { return Initializer; }

  unsigned getNumConstructorArgs() const { return NumConstructorArgs; }
  Expr *getConstructorArg(unsigned i) {
    assert(i < NumConstructorArgs && "Index out of range");
    return cast<Expr>(SubExprs[Array + NumPlacementArgs + i]);
  }
  const Expr *getConstructorArg(unsigned i) const {
    assert(i < NumConstructorArgs && "Index out of range");
    return cast<Expr>(SubExprs[Array + NumPlacementArgs + i]);
  }

  typedef ExprIterator arg_iterator;
  typedef ConstExprIterator const_arg_iterator;

  arg_iterator placement_arg_begin() {
    return SubExprs + Array;
  }
  arg_iterator placement_arg_end() {
    return SubExprs + Array + getNumPlacementArgs();
  }
  const_arg_iterator placement_arg_begin() const {
    return SubExprs + Array;
  }
  const_arg_iterator placement_arg_end() const {
    return SubExprs + Array + getNumPlacementArgs();
  }

  arg_iterator constructor_arg_begin() {
    return SubExprs + Array + getNumPlacementArgs();
  }
  arg_iterator constructor_arg_end() {
    return SubExprs + Array + getNumPlacementArgs() + getNumConstructorArgs();
  }
  const_arg_iterator constructor_arg_begin() const {
    return SubExprs + Array + getNumPlacementArgs();
  }
  const_arg_iterator constructor_arg_end() const {
    return SubExprs + Array + getNumPlacementArgs() + getNumConstructorArgs();
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(StartLoc, EndLoc);
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXNewExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXNewExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// CXXDeleteExpr - A delete expression for memory deallocation and destructor
/// calls, e.g. "delete[] pArray".
class CXXDeleteExpr : public Expr {
  // Is this a forced global delete, i.e. "::delete"?
  bool GlobalDelete : 1;
  // Is this the array form of delete, i.e. "delete[]"?
  bool ArrayForm : 1;
  // Points to the operator delete overload that is used. Could be a member.
  FunctionDecl *OperatorDelete;
  // The pointer expression to be deleted.
  Stmt *Argument;
  // Location of the expression.
  SourceLocation Loc;
public:
  CXXDeleteExpr(QualType ty, bool globalDelete, bool arrayForm,
                FunctionDecl *operatorDelete, Expr *arg, SourceLocation loc)
    : Expr(CXXDeleteExprClass, ty, false, false), GlobalDelete(globalDelete),
      ArrayForm(arrayForm), OperatorDelete(operatorDelete), Argument(arg),
      Loc(loc) { }

  bool isGlobalDelete() const { return GlobalDelete; }
  bool isArrayForm() const { return ArrayForm; }

  FunctionDecl *getOperatorDelete() const { return OperatorDelete; }

  Expr *getArgument() { return cast<Expr>(Argument); }
  const Expr *getArgument() const { return cast<Expr>(Argument); }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(Loc, Argument->getLocEnd());
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXDeleteExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXDeleteExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// \brief Represents a C++ pseudo-destructor (C++ [expr.pseudo]).
///
/// Example:
///
/// \code
/// template<typename T>
/// void destroy(T* ptr) {
///   ptr->~T();
/// }
/// \endcode
///
/// When the template is parsed, the expression \c ptr->~T will be stored as
/// a member reference expression. If it then instantiated with a scalar type
/// as a template argument for T, the resulting expression will be a
/// pseudo-destructor expression.
class CXXPseudoDestructorExpr : public Expr {
  /// \brief The base expression (that is being destroyed).
  Stmt *Base;

  /// \brief Whether the operator was an arrow ('->'); otherwise, it was a
  /// period ('.').
  bool IsArrow : 1;

  /// \brief The location of the '.' or '->' operator.
  SourceLocation OperatorLoc;

  /// \brief The nested-name-specifier that follows the operator, if present.
  NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier;

  /// \brief The source range that covers the nested-name-specifier, if
  /// present.
  SourceRange QualifierRange;

  /// \brief The type being destroyed.
  QualType DestroyedType;

  /// \brief The location of the type after the '~'.
  SourceLocation DestroyedTypeLoc;

public:
  CXXPseudoDestructorExpr(ASTContext &Context,
                          Expr *Base, bool isArrow, SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
                          NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                          SourceRange QualifierRange,
                          QualType DestroyedType,
                          SourceLocation DestroyedTypeLoc)
    : Expr(CXXPseudoDestructorExprClass,
           Context.getPointerType(Context.getFunctionType(Context.VoidTy, 0, 0,
                                                          false, 0)),
           /*isTypeDependent=*/false,
           /*isValueDependent=*/Base->isValueDependent()),
      Base(static_cast<Stmt *>(Base)), IsArrow(isArrow),
      OperatorLoc(OperatorLoc), Qualifier(Qualifier),
      QualifierRange(QualifierRange), DestroyedType(DestroyedType),
      DestroyedTypeLoc(DestroyedTypeLoc) { }

  void setBase(Expr *E) { Base = E; }
  Expr *getBase() const { return cast<Expr>(Base); }

  /// \brief Determines whether this member expression actually had
  /// a C++ nested-name-specifier prior to the name of the member, e.g.,
  /// x->Base::foo.
  bool hasQualifier() const { return Qualifier != 0; }

  /// \brief If the member name was qualified, retrieves the source range of
  /// the nested-name-specifier that precedes the member name. Otherwise,
  /// returns an empty source range.
  SourceRange getQualifierRange() const { return QualifierRange; }

  /// \brief If the member name was qualified, retrieves the
  /// nested-name-specifier that precedes the member name. Otherwise, returns
  /// NULL.
  NestedNameSpecifier *getQualifier() const { return Qualifier; }

  /// \brief Determine whether this pseudo-destructor expression was written
  /// using an '->' (otherwise, it used a '.').
  bool isArrow() const { return IsArrow; }
  void setArrow(bool A) { IsArrow = A; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the '.' or '->' operator.
  SourceLocation getOperatorLoc() const { return OperatorLoc; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the type that is being destroyed.
  QualType getDestroyedType() const { return DestroyedType; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the type being destroyed.
  SourceLocation getDestroyedTypeLoc() const { return DestroyedTypeLoc; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(Base->getLocStart(), DestroyedTypeLoc);
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXPseudoDestructorExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXPseudoDestructorExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// UnaryTypeTraitExpr - A GCC or MS unary type trait, as used in the
/// implementation of TR1/C++0x type trait templates.
/// Example:
/// __is_pod(int) == true
/// __is_enum(std::string) == false
class UnaryTypeTraitExpr : public Expr {
  /// UTT - The trait.
  UnaryTypeTrait UTT;

  /// Loc - The location of the type trait keyword.
  SourceLocation Loc;

  /// RParen - The location of the closing paren.
  SourceLocation RParen;

  /// QueriedType - The type we're testing.
  QualType QueriedType;

public:
  UnaryTypeTraitExpr(SourceLocation loc, UnaryTypeTrait utt, QualType queried,
                     SourceLocation rparen, QualType ty)
    : Expr(UnaryTypeTraitExprClass, ty, false, queried->isDependentType()),
      UTT(utt), Loc(loc), RParen(rparen), QueriedType(queried) { }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const { return SourceRange(Loc, RParen);}

  UnaryTypeTrait getTrait() const { return UTT; }

  QualType getQueriedType() const { return QueriedType; }

  bool EvaluateTrait(ASTContext&) const;

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == UnaryTypeTraitExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const UnaryTypeTraitExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// \brief A reference to a name which we were able to look up during
/// parsing but could not resolve to a specific declaration.  This
/// arises in several ways:
///   * we might be waiting for argument-dependent lookup
///   * the name might resolve to an overloaded function
/// and eventually:
///   * the lookup might have included a function template
/// These never include UnresolvedUsingValueDecls, which are always
/// class members and therefore appear only in
/// UnresolvedMemberLookupExprs.
class UnresolvedLookupExpr : public Expr {
  /// The results.  These are undesugared, which is to say, they may
  /// include UsingShadowDecls.
  UnresolvedSet<4> Results;

  /// The name declared.
  DeclarationName Name;

  /// The naming class (C++ [class.access.base]p5) of the lookup, if
  /// any.  This can generally be recalculated from the context chain,
  /// but that can be fairly expensive for unqualified lookups.  If we
  /// want to improve memory use here, this could go in a union
  /// against the qualified-lookup bits.
  CXXRecordDecl *NamingClass;

  /// The qualifier given, if any.
  NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier;

  /// The source range of the nested name specifier.
  SourceRange QualifierRange;

  /// The location of the name.
  SourceLocation NameLoc;

  /// True if these lookup results should be extended by
  /// argument-dependent lookup if this is the operand of a function
  /// call.
  bool RequiresADL;

  /// True if these lookup results are overloaded.  This is pretty
  /// trivially rederivable if we urgently need to kill this field.
  bool Overloaded;

  /// True if the name looked up had explicit template arguments.
  /// This requires all the results to be function templates.
  bool HasExplicitTemplateArgs;

  UnresolvedLookupExpr(QualType T, bool Dependent, CXXRecordDecl *NamingClass,
                       NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier, SourceRange QRange,
                       DeclarationName Name, SourceLocation NameLoc,
                       bool RequiresADL, bool Overloaded, bool HasTemplateArgs)
    : Expr(UnresolvedLookupExprClass, T, Dependent, Dependent),
      Name(Name), NamingClass(NamingClass),
      Qualifier(Qualifier), QualifierRange(QRange),
      NameLoc(NameLoc), RequiresADL(RequiresADL), Overloaded(Overloaded),
      HasExplicitTemplateArgs(HasTemplateArgs)
  {}

public:
  static UnresolvedLookupExpr *Create(ASTContext &C,
                                      bool Dependent,
                                      CXXRecordDecl *NamingClass,
                                      NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                                      SourceRange QualifierRange,
                                      DeclarationName Name,
                                      SourceLocation NameLoc,
                                      bool ADL, bool Overloaded) {
    return new(C) UnresolvedLookupExpr(Dependent ? C.DependentTy : C.OverloadTy,
                                       Dependent, NamingClass,
                                       Qualifier, QualifierRange,
                                       Name, NameLoc, ADL, Overloaded, false);
  }

  static UnresolvedLookupExpr *Create(ASTContext &C,
                                      bool Dependent,
                                      CXXRecordDecl *NamingClass,
                                      NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                                      SourceRange QualifierRange,
                                      DeclarationName Name,
                                      SourceLocation NameLoc,
                                      bool ADL,
                                      const TemplateArgumentListInfo &Args);

  /// Computes whether an unresolved lookup on the given declarations
  /// and optional template arguments is type- and value-dependent.
  static bool ComputeDependence(UnresolvedSetImpl::const_iterator Begin,
                                UnresolvedSetImpl::const_iterator End,
                                const TemplateArgumentListInfo *Args);

  void addDecls(UnresolvedSetIterator Begin, UnresolvedSetIterator End) {
    Results.append(Begin, End);
  }

  typedef UnresolvedSetImpl::iterator decls_iterator;
  decls_iterator decls_begin() const { return Results.begin(); }
  decls_iterator decls_end() const { return Results.end(); }

  /// Retrieves the decls as an unresolved set.
  const UnresolvedSetImpl &getDecls() { return Results; }

  /// True if this declaration should be extended by
  /// argument-dependent lookup.
  bool requiresADL() const { return RequiresADL; }

  /// True if this lookup is overloaded.
  bool isOverloaded() const { return Overloaded; }

  /// Fetches the name looked up.
  DeclarationName getName() const { return Name; }

  /// Gets the location of the name.
  SourceLocation getNameLoc() const { return NameLoc; }

  /// Gets the 'naming class' (in the sense of C++0x
  /// [class.access.base]p5) of the lookup.  This is the scope
  /// that was looked in to find these results.
  CXXRecordDecl *getNamingClass() const { return NamingClass; }

  /// Fetches the nested-name qualifier, if one was given.
  NestedNameSpecifier *getQualifier() const { return Qualifier; }

  /// Fetches the range of the nested-name qualifier.
  SourceRange getQualifierRange() const { return QualifierRange; }

  /// Determines whether this lookup had explicit template arguments.
  bool hasExplicitTemplateArgs() const { return HasExplicitTemplateArgs; }

  // Note that, inconsistently with the explicit-template-argument AST
  // nodes, users are *forbidden* from calling these methods on objects
  // without explicit template arguments.

  /// Gets a reference to the explicit template argument list.
  const ExplicitTemplateArgumentList &getExplicitTemplateArgs() const {
    assert(hasExplicitTemplateArgs());
    return *reinterpret_cast<const ExplicitTemplateArgumentList*>(this + 1);
  }

  /// \brief Copies the template arguments (if present) into the given
  /// structure.
  void copyTemplateArgumentsInto(TemplateArgumentListInfo &List) const {
    getExplicitTemplateArgs().copyInto(List);
  }

  SourceLocation getLAngleLoc() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().LAngleLoc;
  }

  SourceLocation getRAngleLoc() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().RAngleLoc;
  }

  TemplateArgumentLoc const *getTemplateArgs() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().getTemplateArgs();
  }

  unsigned getNumTemplateArgs() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().NumTemplateArgs;
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    SourceRange Range(NameLoc);
    if (Qualifier) Range.setBegin(QualifierRange.getBegin());
    if (hasExplicitTemplateArgs()) Range.setEnd(getRAngleLoc());
    return Range;
  }

  virtual StmtIterator child_begin();
  virtual StmtIterator child_end();

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == UnresolvedLookupExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const UnresolvedLookupExpr *) { return true; }
};

/// \brief A qualified reference to a name whose declaration cannot
/// yet be resolved.
///
/// DependentScopeDeclRefExpr is similar to DeclRefExpr in that
/// it expresses a reference to a declaration such as
/// X<T>::value. The difference, however, is that an
/// DependentScopeDeclRefExpr node is used only within C++ templates when
/// the qualification (e.g., X<T>::) refers to a dependent type. In
/// this case, X<T>::value cannot resolve to a declaration because the
/// declaration will differ from on instantiation of X<T> to the
/// next. Therefore, DependentScopeDeclRefExpr keeps track of the
/// qualifier (X<T>::) and the name of the entity being referenced
/// ("value"). Such expressions will instantiate to a DeclRefExpr once the
/// declaration can be found.
class DependentScopeDeclRefExpr : public Expr {
  /// The name of the entity we will be referencing.
  DeclarationName Name;

  /// Location of the name of the declaration we're referencing.
  SourceLocation Loc;

  /// QualifierRange - The source range that covers the
  /// nested-name-specifier.
  SourceRange QualifierRange;

  /// \brief The nested-name-specifier that qualifies this unresolved
  /// declaration name.
  NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier;

  /// \brief Whether the name includes explicit template arguments.
  bool HasExplicitTemplateArgs;

  DependentScopeDeclRefExpr(QualType T,
                            NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                            SourceRange QualifierRange,
                            DeclarationName Name,
                            SourceLocation NameLoc,
                            bool HasExplicitTemplateArgs)
    : Expr(DependentScopeDeclRefExprClass, T, true, true),
      Name(Name), Loc(NameLoc),
      QualifierRange(QualifierRange), Qualifier(Qualifier),
      HasExplicitTemplateArgs(HasExplicitTemplateArgs)
  {}

public:
  static DependentScopeDeclRefExpr *Create(ASTContext &C,
                                           NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                                           SourceRange QualifierRange,
                                           DeclarationName Name,
                                           SourceLocation NameLoc,
                              const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs = 0);

  /// \brief Retrieve the name that this expression refers to.
  DeclarationName getDeclName() const { return Name; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the name within the expression.
  SourceLocation getLocation() const { return Loc; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the source range of the nested-name-specifier.
  SourceRange getQualifierRange() const { return QualifierRange; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the nested-name-specifier that qualifies this
  /// declaration.
  NestedNameSpecifier *getQualifier() const { return Qualifier; }

  /// Determines whether this lookup had explicit template arguments.
  bool hasExplicitTemplateArgs() const { return HasExplicitTemplateArgs; }

  // Note that, inconsistently with the explicit-template-argument AST
  // nodes, users are *forbidden* from calling these methods on objects
  // without explicit template arguments.

  /// Gets a reference to the explicit template argument list.
  const ExplicitTemplateArgumentList &getExplicitTemplateArgs() const {
    assert(hasExplicitTemplateArgs());
    return *reinterpret_cast<const ExplicitTemplateArgumentList*>(this + 1);
  }

  /// \brief Copies the template arguments (if present) into the given
  /// structure.
  void copyTemplateArgumentsInto(TemplateArgumentListInfo &List) const {
    getExplicitTemplateArgs().copyInto(List);
  }

  SourceLocation getLAngleLoc() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().LAngleLoc;
  }

  SourceLocation getRAngleLoc() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().RAngleLoc;
  }

  TemplateArgumentLoc const *getTemplateArgs() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().getTemplateArgs();
  }

  unsigned getNumTemplateArgs() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs().NumTemplateArgs;
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    SourceRange Range(QualifierRange.getBegin(), getLocation());
    if (hasExplicitTemplateArgs())
      Range.setEnd(getRAngleLoc());
    return Range;
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == DependentScopeDeclRefExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const DependentScopeDeclRefExpr *) { return true; }

  virtual StmtIterator child_begin();
  virtual StmtIterator child_end();
};

class CXXExprWithTemporaries : public Expr {
  Stmt *SubExpr;

  CXXTemporary **Temps;
  unsigned NumTemps;

  CXXExprWithTemporaries(Expr *SubExpr, CXXTemporary **Temps,
                         unsigned NumTemps);
  ~CXXExprWithTemporaries();

protected:
  virtual void DoDestroy(ASTContext &C);

public:
  static CXXExprWithTemporaries *Create(ASTContext &C, Expr *SubExpr,
                                        CXXTemporary **Temps,
                                        unsigned NumTemps);

  unsigned getNumTemporaries() const { return NumTemps; }
  CXXTemporary *getTemporary(unsigned i) {
    assert(i < NumTemps && "Index out of range");
    return Temps[i];
  }
  const CXXTemporary *getTemporary(unsigned i) const {
    return const_cast<CXXExprWithTemporaries*>(this)->getTemporary(i);
  }

  Expr *getSubExpr() { return cast<Expr>(SubExpr); }
  const Expr *getSubExpr() const { return cast<Expr>(SubExpr); }
  void setSubExpr(Expr *E) { SubExpr = E; }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SubExpr->getSourceRange();
  }

  // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXExprWithTemporariesClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXExprWithTemporaries *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// \brief Describes an explicit type conversion that uses functional
/// notion but could not be resolved because one or more arguments are
/// type-dependent.
///
/// The explicit type conversions expressed by
/// CXXUnresolvedConstructExpr have the form \c T(a1, a2, ..., aN),
/// where \c T is some type and \c a1, a2, ..., aN are values, and
/// either \C T is a dependent type or one or more of the \c a's is
/// type-dependent. For example, this would occur in a template such
/// as:
///
/// \code
///   template<typename T, typename A1>
///   inline T make_a(const A1& a1) {
///     return T(a1);
///   }
/// \endcode
///
/// When the returned expression is instantiated, it may resolve to a
/// constructor call, conversion function call, or some kind of type
/// conversion.
class CXXUnresolvedConstructExpr : public Expr {
  /// \brief The starting location of the type
  SourceLocation TyBeginLoc;

  /// \brief The type being constructed.
  QualType Type;

  /// \brief The location of the left parentheses ('(').
  SourceLocation LParenLoc;

  /// \brief The location of the right parentheses (')').
  SourceLocation RParenLoc;

  /// \brief The number of arguments used to construct the type.
  unsigned NumArgs;

  CXXUnresolvedConstructExpr(SourceLocation TyBegin,
                             QualType T,
                             SourceLocation LParenLoc,
                             Expr **Args,
                             unsigned NumArgs,
                             SourceLocation RParenLoc);

public:
  static CXXUnresolvedConstructExpr *Create(ASTContext &C,
                                            SourceLocation TyBegin,
                                            QualType T,
                                            SourceLocation LParenLoc,
                                            Expr **Args,
                                            unsigned NumArgs,
                                            SourceLocation RParenLoc);

  /// \brief Retrieve the source location where the type begins.
  SourceLocation getTypeBeginLoc() const { return TyBeginLoc; }
  void setTypeBeginLoc(SourceLocation L) { TyBeginLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the type that is being constructed, as specified
  /// in the source code.
  QualType getTypeAsWritten() const { return Type; }
  void setTypeAsWritten(QualType T) { Type = T; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the left parentheses ('(') that
  /// precedes the argument list.
  SourceLocation getLParenLoc() const { return LParenLoc; }
  void setLParenLoc(SourceLocation L) { LParenLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the right parentheses (')') that
  /// follows the argument list.
  SourceLocation getRParenLoc() const { return RParenLoc; }
  void setRParenLoc(SourceLocation L) { RParenLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the number of arguments.
  unsigned arg_size() const { return NumArgs; }

  typedef Expr** arg_iterator;
  arg_iterator arg_begin() { return reinterpret_cast<Expr**>(this + 1); }
  arg_iterator arg_end() { return arg_begin() + NumArgs; }

  Expr *getArg(unsigned I) {
    assert(I < NumArgs && "Argument index out-of-range");
    return *(arg_begin() + I);
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    return SourceRange(TyBeginLoc, RParenLoc);
  }
  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXUnresolvedConstructExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXUnresolvedConstructExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// \brief Represents a C++ member access expression where the actual
/// member referenced could not be resolved because the base
/// expression or the member name was dependent.
///
/// Like UnresolvedMemberExprs, these can be either implicit or
/// explicit accesses.  It is only possible to get one of these with
/// an implicit access if a qualifier is provided.
class CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr : public Expr {
  /// \brief The expression for the base pointer or class reference,
  /// e.g., the \c x in x.f.  Can be null in implicit accesses.
  Stmt *Base;

  /// \brief The type of the base expression.  Never null, even for
  /// implicit accesses.
  QualType BaseType;

  /// \brief Whether this member expression used the '->' operator or
  /// the '.' operator.
  bool IsArrow : 1;

  /// \brief Whether this member expression has explicitly-specified template
  /// arguments.
  bool HasExplicitTemplateArgs : 1;

  /// \brief The location of the '->' or '.' operator.
  SourceLocation OperatorLoc;

  /// \brief The nested-name-specifier that precedes the member name, if any.
  NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier;

  /// \brief The source range covering the nested name specifier.
  SourceRange QualifierRange;

  /// \brief In a qualified member access expression such as t->Base::f, this
  /// member stores the resolves of name lookup in the context of the member
  /// access expression, to be used at instantiation time.
  ///
  /// FIXME: This member, along with the Qualifier and QualifierRange, could
  /// be stuck into a structure that is optionally allocated at the end of
  /// the CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr, to save space in the common case.
  NamedDecl *FirstQualifierFoundInScope;

  /// \brief The member to which this member expression refers, which
  /// can be name, overloaded operator, or destructor.
  /// FIXME: could also be a template-id
  DeclarationName Member;

  /// \brief The location of the member name.
  SourceLocation MemberLoc;

  /// \brief Retrieve the explicit template argument list that followed the
  /// member template name, if any.
  ExplicitTemplateArgumentList *getExplicitTemplateArgumentList() {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    return reinterpret_cast<ExplicitTemplateArgumentList *>(this + 1);
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the explicit template argument list that followed the
  /// member template name, if any.
  const ExplicitTemplateArgumentList *getExplicitTemplateArgumentList() const {
    return const_cast<CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr *>(this)
             ->getExplicitTemplateArgumentList();
  }

  CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr(ASTContext &C,
                          Expr *Base, QualType BaseType, bool IsArrow,
                          SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
                          NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                          SourceRange QualifierRange,
                          NamedDecl *FirstQualifierFoundInScope,
                          DeclarationName Member,
                          SourceLocation MemberLoc,
                          const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs);

public:
  CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr(ASTContext &C,
                          Expr *Base, QualType BaseType,
                          bool IsArrow,
                          SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
                          NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                          SourceRange QualifierRange,
                          NamedDecl *FirstQualifierFoundInScope,
                          DeclarationName Member,
                          SourceLocation MemberLoc)
  : Expr(CXXDependentScopeMemberExprClass, C.DependentTy, true, true),
    Base(Base), BaseType(BaseType), IsArrow(IsArrow),
    HasExplicitTemplateArgs(false), OperatorLoc(OperatorLoc),
    Qualifier(Qualifier), QualifierRange(QualifierRange),
    FirstQualifierFoundInScope(FirstQualifierFoundInScope),
    Member(Member), MemberLoc(MemberLoc) { }

  static CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr *
  Create(ASTContext &C,
         Expr *Base, QualType BaseType, bool IsArrow,
         SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
         NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
         SourceRange QualifierRange,
         NamedDecl *FirstQualifierFoundInScope,
         DeclarationName Member,
         SourceLocation MemberLoc,
         const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs);

  /// \brief True if this is an implicit access, i.e. one in which the
  /// member being accessed was not written in the source.  The source
  /// location of the operator is invalid in this case.
  bool isImplicitAccess() const { return Base == 0; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the base object of this member expressions,
  /// e.g., the \c x in \c x.m.
  Expr *getBase() const {
    assert(!isImplicitAccess());
    return cast<Expr>(Base);
  }
  void setBase(Expr *E) { Base = E; }

  QualType getBaseType() const { return BaseType; }

  /// \brief Determine whether this member expression used the '->'
  /// operator; otherwise, it used the '.' operator.
  bool isArrow() const { return IsArrow; }
  void setArrow(bool A) { IsArrow = A; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the '->' or '.' operator.
  SourceLocation getOperatorLoc() const { return OperatorLoc; }
  void setOperatorLoc(SourceLocation L) { OperatorLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the nested-name-specifier that qualifies the member
  /// name.
  NestedNameSpecifier *getQualifier() const { return Qualifier; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the source range covering the nested-name-specifier
  /// that qualifies the member name.
  SourceRange getQualifierRange() const { return QualifierRange; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the first part of the nested-name-specifier that was
  /// found in the scope of the member access expression when the member access
  /// was initially parsed.
  ///
  /// This function only returns a useful result when member access expression
  /// uses a qualified member name, e.g., "x.Base::f". Here, the declaration
  /// returned by this function describes what was found by unqualified name
  /// lookup for the identifier "Base" within the scope of the member access
  /// expression itself. At template instantiation time, this information is
  /// combined with the results of name lookup into the type of the object
  /// expression itself (the class type of x).
  NamedDecl *getFirstQualifierFoundInScope() const {
    return FirstQualifierFoundInScope;
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the name of the member that this expression
  /// refers to.
  DeclarationName getMember() const { return Member; }
  void setMember(DeclarationName N) { Member = N; }

  // \brief Retrieve the location of the name of the member that this
  // expression refers to.
  SourceLocation getMemberLoc() const { return MemberLoc; }
  void setMemberLoc(SourceLocation L) { MemberLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Determines whether this member expression actually had a C++
  /// template argument list explicitly specified, e.g., x.f<int>.
  bool hasExplicitTemplateArgs() const {
    return HasExplicitTemplateArgs;
  }

  /// \brief Copies the template arguments (if present) into the given
  /// structure.
  void copyTemplateArgumentsInto(TemplateArgumentListInfo &List) const {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    getExplicitTemplateArgumentList()->copyInto(List);
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the left angle bracket following the
  /// member name ('<'), if any.
  SourceLocation getLAngleLoc() const {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    return getExplicitTemplateArgumentList()->LAngleLoc;
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the template arguments provided as part of this
  /// template-id.
  const TemplateArgumentLoc *getTemplateArgs() const {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    return getExplicitTemplateArgumentList()->getTemplateArgs();
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the number of template arguments provided as part of this
  /// template-id.
  unsigned getNumTemplateArgs() const {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    return getExplicitTemplateArgumentList()->NumTemplateArgs;
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the right angle bracket following the
  /// template arguments ('>').
  SourceLocation getRAngleLoc() const {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    return getExplicitTemplateArgumentList()->RAngleLoc;
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    SourceRange Range;
    if (!isImplicitAccess())
      Range.setBegin(Base->getSourceRange().getBegin());
    else if (getQualifier())
      Range.setBegin(getQualifierRange().getBegin());
    else
      Range.setBegin(MemberLoc);

    if (hasExplicitTemplateArgs())
      Range.setEnd(getRAngleLoc());
    else
      Range.setEnd(MemberLoc);
    return Range;
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == CXXDependentScopeMemberExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const CXXDependentScopeMemberExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

/// \brief Represents a C++ member access expression for which lookup
/// produced a set of overloaded functions.
///
/// The member access may be explicit or implicit:
///    struct A {
///      int a, b;
///      int explicitAccess() { return this->a + this->A::b; }
///      int implicitAccess() { return a + A::b; }
///    };
///
/// In the final AST, an explicit access always becomes a MemberExpr.
/// An implicit access may become either a MemberExpr or a
/// DeclRefExpr, depending on whether the member is static.
class UnresolvedMemberExpr : public Expr {
  /// The results.  These are undesugared, which is to say, they may
  /// include UsingShadowDecls.
  UnresolvedSet<4> Results;

  /// \brief The expression for the base pointer or class reference,
  /// e.g., the \c x in x.f.  This can be null if this is an 'unbased'
  /// member expression
  Stmt *Base;

  /// \brief The type of the base expression;  never null.
  QualType BaseType;

  /// \brief Whether this member expression used the '->' operator or
  /// the '.' operator.
  bool IsArrow : 1;

  /// \brief Whether the lookup results contain an unresolved using
  /// declaration.
  bool HasUnresolvedUsing : 1;

  /// \brief Whether this member expression has explicitly-specified template
  /// arguments.
  bool HasExplicitTemplateArgs : 1;

  /// \brief The location of the '->' or '.' operator.
  SourceLocation OperatorLoc;

  /// \brief The nested-name-specifier that precedes the member name, if any.
  NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier;

  /// \brief The source range covering the nested name specifier.
  SourceRange QualifierRange;

  /// \brief The member to which this member expression refers, which
  /// can be a name or an overloaded operator.
  DeclarationName MemberName;

  /// \brief The location of the member name.
  SourceLocation MemberLoc;

  /// \brief Retrieve the explicit template argument list that followed the
  /// member template name.
  ExplicitTemplateArgumentList *getExplicitTemplateArgs() {
    assert(HasExplicitTemplateArgs);
    return reinterpret_cast<ExplicitTemplateArgumentList *>(this + 1);
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the explicit template argument list that followed the
  /// member template name, if any.
  const ExplicitTemplateArgumentList *getExplicitTemplateArgs() const {
    return const_cast<UnresolvedMemberExpr*>(this)->getExplicitTemplateArgs();
  }

  UnresolvedMemberExpr(QualType T, bool Dependent,
                       bool HasUnresolvedUsing,
                       Expr *Base, QualType BaseType, bool IsArrow,
                       SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
                       NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
                       SourceRange QualifierRange,
                       DeclarationName Member,
                       SourceLocation MemberLoc,
                       const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs);

public:
  static UnresolvedMemberExpr *
  Create(ASTContext &C, bool Dependent, bool HasUnresolvedUsing,
         Expr *Base, QualType BaseType, bool IsArrow,
         SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
         NestedNameSpecifier *Qualifier,
         SourceRange QualifierRange,
         DeclarationName Member,
         SourceLocation MemberLoc,
         const TemplateArgumentListInfo *TemplateArgs);

  /// Adds a declaration to the unresolved set.  By assumption, all of
  /// these happen at initialization time and properties like
  /// 'Dependent' and 'HasUnresolvedUsing' take them into account.
  void addDecls(UnresolvedSetIterator Begin, UnresolvedSetIterator End) {
    Results.append(Begin, End);
  }

  typedef UnresolvedSetImpl::iterator decls_iterator;
  decls_iterator decls_begin() const { return Results.begin(); }
  decls_iterator decls_end() const { return Results.end(); }

  unsigned getNumDecls() const { return Results.size(); }

  /// Retrieves the decls as an unresolved set.
  const UnresolvedSetImpl &getDecls() { return Results; }

  /// \brief True if this is an implicit access, i.e. one in which the
  /// member being accessed was not written in the source.  The source
  /// location of the operator is invalid in this case.
  bool isImplicitAccess() const { return Base == 0; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the base object of this member expressions,
  /// e.g., the \c x in \c x.m.
  Expr *getBase() {
    assert(!isImplicitAccess());
    return cast<Expr>(Base);
  }
  void setBase(Expr *E) { Base = E; }

  QualType getBaseType() const { return BaseType; }

  /// \brief Determine whether this member expression used the '->'
  /// operator; otherwise, it used the '.' operator.
  bool isArrow() const { return IsArrow; }
  void setArrow(bool A) { IsArrow = A; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the '->' or '.' operator.
  SourceLocation getOperatorLoc() const { return OperatorLoc; }
  void setOperatorLoc(SourceLocation L) { OperatorLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the nested-name-specifier that qualifies the member
  /// name.
  NestedNameSpecifier *getQualifier() const { return Qualifier; }

  /// \brief Retrieve the source range covering the nested-name-specifier
  /// that qualifies the member name.
  SourceRange getQualifierRange() const { return QualifierRange; }

  /// \brief Retrieves the naming class of this lookup.
  CXXRecordDecl *getNamingClass() const;

  /// \brief Retrieve the name of the member that this expression
  /// refers to.
  DeclarationName getMemberName() const { return MemberName; }
  void setMemberName(DeclarationName N) { MemberName = N; }

  // \brief Retrieve the location of the name of the member that this
  // expression refers to.
  SourceLocation getMemberLoc() const { return MemberLoc; }
  void setMemberLoc(SourceLocation L) { MemberLoc = L; }

  /// \brief Determines whether this member expression actually had a C++
  /// template argument list explicitly specified, e.g., x.f<int>.
  bool hasExplicitTemplateArgs() const {
    return HasExplicitTemplateArgs;
  }

  /// \brief Copies the template arguments into the given structure.
  void copyTemplateArgumentsInto(TemplateArgumentListInfo &List) const {
    getExplicitTemplateArgs()->copyInto(List);
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the left angle bracket following
  /// the member name ('<').
  SourceLocation getLAngleLoc() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs()->LAngleLoc;
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the template arguments provided as part of this
  /// template-id.
  const TemplateArgumentLoc *getTemplateArgs() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs()->getTemplateArgs();
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the number of template arguments provided as
  /// part of this template-id.
  unsigned getNumTemplateArgs() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs()->NumTemplateArgs;
  }

  /// \brief Retrieve the location of the right angle bracket
  /// following the template arguments ('>').
  SourceLocation getRAngleLoc() const {
    return getExplicitTemplateArgs()->RAngleLoc;
  }

  virtual SourceRange getSourceRange() const {
    SourceRange Range;
    if (!isImplicitAccess())
      Range.setBegin(Base->getSourceRange().getBegin());
    else if (getQualifier())
      Range.setBegin(getQualifierRange().getBegin());
    else
      Range.setBegin(MemberLoc);

    if (hasExplicitTemplateArgs())
      Range.setEnd(getRAngleLoc());
    else
      Range.setEnd(MemberLoc);
    return Range;
  }

  static bool classof(const Stmt *T) {
    return T->getStmtClass() == UnresolvedMemberExprClass;
  }
  static bool classof(const UnresolvedMemberExpr *) { return true; }

  // Iterators
  virtual child_iterator child_begin();
  virtual child_iterator child_end();
};

}  // end namespace clang

#endif