asan_rtl.cc revision 3945c58f9db42671b1a3b865fde5008f09a3a40e
15821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//===-- asan_rtl.cc -------------------------------------------------------===//
25821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
35821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
45821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
5c2e0dbddbe15c98d52c4786dac06cb8952a8ae6dTorne (Richard Coles)// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
65821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
75821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
85821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
95821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
105821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// This file is a part of AddressSanitizer, an address sanity checker.
115821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//
125821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Main file of the ASan run-time library.
135821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
145821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_allocator.h"
155821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_interceptors.h"
165821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_interface.h"
175821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_internal.h"
185821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_lock.h"
195821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_mapping.h"
205821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_report.h"
21c2e0dbddbe15c98d52c4786dac06cb8952a8ae6dTorne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_stack.h"
225e3f23d412006dc4db4e659864679f29341e113fTorne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_stats.h"
235821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "asan_thread.h"
24eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch#include "asan_thread_registry.h"
2590dce4d38c5ff5333bea97d859d4e484e27edf0cTorne (Richard Coles)#include "sanitizer_common/sanitizer_atomic.h"
265821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#include "sanitizer_common/sanitizer_flags.h"
2790dce4d38c5ff5333bea97d859d4e484e27edf0cTorne (Richard Coles)#include "sanitizer_common/sanitizer_libc.h"
28c2e0dbddbe15c98d52c4786dac06cb8952a8ae6dTorne (Richard Coles)
295821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)namespace __sanitizer {
305821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)using namespace __asan;
315821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
325821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void Die() {
335821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  static atomic_uint32_t num_calls;
345821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (atomic_fetch_add(&num_calls, 1, memory_order_relaxed) != 0) {
355821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // Don't die twice - run a busy loop.
365821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    while (1) { }
375821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
385821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->sleep_before_dying) {
395821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Report("Sleeping for %d second(s)\n", flags()->sleep_before_dying);
405821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    SleepForSeconds(flags()->sleep_before_dying);
415821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
425821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->unmap_shadow_on_exit)
435821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    UnmapOrDie((void*)kLowShadowBeg, kHighShadowEnd - kLowShadowBeg);
445821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (death_callback)
455821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    death_callback();
465821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->abort_on_error)
475821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Abort();
485821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  Exit(flags()->exitcode);
495821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
505821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
515821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)SANITIZER_INTERFACE_ATTRIBUTE
525821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void CheckFailed(const char *file, int line, const char *cond, u64 v1, u64 v2) {
535821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  AsanReport("AddressSanitizer CHECK failed: %s:%d \"%s\" (0x%zx, 0x%zx)\n",
545821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)             file, line, cond, (uptr)v1, (uptr)v2);
555821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  PRINT_CURRENT_STACK();
565821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ShowStatsAndAbort();
575821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
585821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
595821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}  // namespace __sanitizer
605821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
615821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)namespace __asan {
625821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
635821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// -------------------------- Flags ------------------------- {{{1
645821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)static const int kMallocContextSize = 30;
655821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
665821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)static Flags asan_flags;
675821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
685821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)Flags *flags() {
695821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  return &asan_flags;
705821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
715821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
725821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)static void ParseFlagsFromString(Flags *f, const char *str) {
735821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->quarantine_size, "quarantine_size");
745821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->symbolize, "symbolize");
755821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->verbosity, "verbosity");
765821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->redzone, "redzone");
775821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(f->redzone >= 16);
785821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(IsPowerOfTwo(f->redzone));
795821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
805821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->debug, "debug");
815821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->report_globals, "report_globals");
825821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->check_initialization_order, "initialization_order");
835821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->malloc_context_size, "malloc_context_size");
845821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(f->malloc_context_size <= kMallocContextSize);
855821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
865821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->replace_str, "replace_str");
875821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->replace_intrin, "replace_intrin");
885821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->replace_cfallocator, "replace_cfallocator");
895821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->mac_ignore_invalid_free, "mac_ignore_invalid_free");
905821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->use_fake_stack, "use_fake_stack");
915821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->max_malloc_fill_size, "max_malloc_fill_size");
925821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->exitcode, "exitcode");
935821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->allow_user_poisoning, "allow_user_poisoning");
945821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->sleep_before_dying, "sleep_before_dying");
955821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->handle_segv, "handle_segv");
965821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->use_sigaltstack, "use_sigaltstack");
975821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->check_malloc_usable_size, "check_malloc_usable_size");
985821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->unmap_shadow_on_exit, "unmap_shadow_on_exit");
995821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->abort_on_error, "abort_on_error");
1005821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->atexit, "atexit");
1015821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->disable_core, "disable_core");
1025821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlag(str, &f->strip_path_prefix, "strip_path_prefix");
1035821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1045821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1055821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)extern "C" {
1065821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)SANITIZER_WEAK_ATTRIBUTE
1075821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)SANITIZER_INTERFACE_ATTRIBUTE
1085821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)const char* __asan_default_options() { return ""; }
1095821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}  // extern "C"
1105821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1115821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void InitializeFlags(Flags *f, const char *env) {
1125821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  internal_memset(f, 0, sizeof(*f));
1135821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1145821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->quarantine_size = (ASAN_LOW_MEMORY) ? 1UL << 24 : 1UL << 28;
1155821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->symbolize = false;
1165821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->verbosity = 0;
1175821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->redzone = (ASAN_LOW_MEMORY) ? 64 : 128;
1185821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->debug = false;
1195821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->report_globals = 1;
1205821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->check_initialization_order = true;
1215821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->malloc_context_size = kMallocContextSize;
1225821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->replace_str = true;
1235821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->replace_intrin = true;
1245821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->replace_cfallocator = true;
1255821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->mac_ignore_invalid_free = false;
1265821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->use_fake_stack = true;
1275821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->max_malloc_fill_size = 0;
1285821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->exitcode = ASAN_DEFAULT_FAILURE_EXITCODE;
1295821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->allow_user_poisoning = true;
1305821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->sleep_before_dying = 0;
1315821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->handle_segv = ASAN_NEEDS_SEGV;
1325821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->use_sigaltstack = false;
1335821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->check_malloc_usable_size = true;
1345821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->unmap_shadow_on_exit = false;
1355821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->abort_on_error = false;
1365821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->atexit = false;
1375821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->disable_core = (__WORDSIZE == 64);
1385821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  f->strip_path_prefix = "";
1395821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1405821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Override from user-specified string.
1415821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlagsFromString(f, __asan_default_options());
1425821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->verbosity) {
1435821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Report("Using the defaults from __asan_default_options: %s\n",
1445821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           __asan_default_options());
1455821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
1465821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1475821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Override from command line.
1485821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ParseFlagsFromString(f, env);
1495821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1505821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1515821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// -------------------------- Globals --------------------- {{{1
1525821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)int asan_inited;
1535821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)bool asan_init_is_running;
1545821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void (*death_callback)(void);
1555821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1565821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// -------------------------- Misc ---------------- {{{1
1575821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void ShowStatsAndAbort() {
1585821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  __asan_print_accumulated_stats();
1595821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  Die();
1605821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1615821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1625821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// ---------------------- mmap -------------------- {{{1
1635821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Reserve memory range [beg, end].
1645821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)static void ReserveShadowMemoryRange(uptr beg, uptr end) {
1655821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK((beg % kPageSize) == 0);
1665821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(((end + 1) % kPageSize) == 0);
1675821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  uptr size = end - beg + 1;
1685821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  void *res = MmapFixedNoReserve(beg, size);
1695821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(res == (void*)beg && "ReserveShadowMemoryRange failed");
1705821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1715821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1725821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// ---------------------- LowLevelAllocator ------------- {{{1
1735821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void *LowLevelAllocator::Allocate(uptr size) {
1745821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK((size & (size - 1)) == 0 && "size must be a power of two");
1755821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (allocated_end_ - allocated_current_ < (sptr)size) {
1765821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    uptr size_to_allocate = Max(size, kPageSize);
1775821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    allocated_current_ =
1785821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)        (char*)MmapOrDie(size_to_allocate, __FUNCTION__);
1795821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    allocated_end_ = allocated_current_ + size_to_allocate;
1805821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    PoisonShadow((uptr)allocated_current_, size_to_allocate,
1815821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)                 kAsanInternalHeapMagic);
1825821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
1835821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(allocated_end_ - allocated_current_ >= (sptr)size);
1845821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  void *res = allocated_current_;
1855821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  allocated_current_ += size;
1865821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  return res;
1875821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1885821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1895821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// -------------------------- Run-time entry ------------------- {{{1
1905821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// exported functions
1915821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#define ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(type, is_write, size)                     \
1925821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)extern "C" NOINLINE INTERFACE_ATTRIBUTE                        \
1935821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void __asan_report_ ## type ## size(uptr addr);                \
1945821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void __asan_report_ ## type ## size(uptr addr) {               \
1955821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  GET_CALLER_PC_BP_SP;                                              \
1965821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  __asan_report_error(pc, bp, sp, addr, is_write, size);            \
1975821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
1985821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
1995821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(load, false, 1)
2005821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(load, false, 2)
2015821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(load, false, 4)
2025821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(load, false, 8)
2035821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(load, false, 16)
2045821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(store, true, 1)
2055821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(store, true, 2)
2065821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(store, true, 4)
2075821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(store, true, 8)
2085821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)ASAN_REPORT_ERROR(store, true, 16)
2095821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2105821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// Force the linker to keep the symbols for various ASan interface functions.
2115821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// We want to keep those in the executable in order to let the instrumented
2125821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// dynamic libraries access the symbol even if it is not used by the executable
2135821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// itself. This should help if the build system is removing dead code at link
2145821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// time.
2155821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)static NOINLINE void force_interface_symbols() {
2165821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  volatile int fake_condition = 0;  // prevent dead condition elimination.
2175821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // __asan_report_* functions are noreturn, so we need a switch to prevent
2185821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // the compiler from removing any of them.
2195821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  switch (fake_condition) {
2205821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 1: __asan_report_load1(0); break;
221eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch    case 2: __asan_report_load2(0); break;
222eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch    case 3: __asan_report_load4(0); break;
223eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch    case 4: __asan_report_load8(0); break;
224eb525c5499e34cc9c4b825d6d9e75bb07cc06aceBen Murdoch    case 5: __asan_report_load16(0); break;
2255821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 6: __asan_report_store1(0); break;
2265821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 7: __asan_report_store2(0); break;
2275821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 8: __asan_report_store4(0); break;
2285821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 9: __asan_report_store8(0); break;
2295821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 10: __asan_report_store16(0); break;
2305821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 11: __asan_register_global(0, 0, 0); break;
2315821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 12: __asan_register_globals(0, 0); break;
2325821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 13: __asan_unregister_globals(0, 0); break;
2335821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 14: __asan_set_death_callback(0); break;
2345821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 15: __asan_set_error_report_callback(0); break;
2355821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 16: __asan_handle_no_return(); break;
2365821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 17: __asan_address_is_poisoned(0); break;
2375821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 18: __asan_get_allocated_size(0); break;
2385821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 19: __asan_get_current_allocated_bytes(); break;
2395821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 20: __asan_get_estimated_allocated_size(0); break;
2405821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 21: __asan_get_free_bytes(); break;
2415821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 22: __asan_get_heap_size(); break;
2425821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 23: __asan_get_ownership(0); break;
2435821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 24: __asan_get_unmapped_bytes(); break;
2445821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 25: __asan_poison_memory_region(0, 0); break;
2455821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 26: __asan_unpoison_memory_region(0, 0); break;
2465821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 27: __asan_set_error_exit_code(0); break;
2475821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 28: __asan_stack_free(0, 0, 0); break;
2485821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 29: __asan_stack_malloc(0, 0); break;
2495821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 30: __asan_set_on_error_callback(0); break;
2505821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    case 31: __asan_default_options(); break;
2515821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
2525821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
2535821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2545821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)static void asan_atexit() {
2555821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  AsanPrintf("AddressSanitizer exit stats:\n");
2565821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  __asan_print_accumulated_stats();
2575821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
2585821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2595821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}  // namespace __asan
2605821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2615821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)// ---------------------- Interface ---------------- {{{1
2625821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)using namespace __asan;  // NOLINT
2635821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2645821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)int NOINLINE __asan_set_error_exit_code(int exit_code) {
2655821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  int old = flags()->exitcode;
2665821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  flags()->exitcode = exit_code;
2675821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  return old;
2685821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
2695821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2705821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void NOINLINE __asan_handle_no_return() {
2715821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  int local_stack;
2725821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  AsanThread *curr_thread = asanThreadRegistry().GetCurrent();
2735821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  CHECK(curr_thread);
2745821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  uptr top = curr_thread->stack_top();
2755821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  uptr bottom = ((uptr)&local_stack - kPageSize) & ~(kPageSize-1);
2765821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  PoisonShadow(bottom, top - bottom, 0);
2775821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
2785821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2795821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void NOINLINE __asan_set_death_callback(void (*callback)(void)) {
2805821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  death_callback = callback;
2815821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
2825821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2835821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)void __asan_init() {
2845821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (asan_inited) return;
2855821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  asan_init_is_running = true;
2865821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2875821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Make sure we are not statically linked.
2885821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  AsanDoesNotSupportStaticLinkage();
2895821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2905821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // Initialize flags.
2915821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  const char *options = GetEnv("ASAN_OPTIONS");
2925821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  InitializeFlags(flags(), options);
2935821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2945821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->verbosity && options) {
2955821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Report("Parsed ASAN_OPTIONS: %s\n", options);
2965821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
2975821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
2985821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->atexit) {
2995821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Atexit(asan_atexit);
3005821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
3015821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3025821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // interceptors
3035821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  InitializeAsanInterceptors();
3045821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3055821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ReplaceSystemMalloc();
3065821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  ReplaceOperatorsNewAndDelete();
3075821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3085821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->verbosity) {
3095821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("|| `[%p, %p]` || HighMem    ||\n",
3105821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)kHighMemBeg, (void*)kHighMemEnd);
3115821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("|| `[%p, %p]` || HighShadow ||\n",
3125821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)kHighShadowBeg, (void*)kHighShadowEnd);
3135821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("|| `[%p, %p]` || ShadowGap  ||\n",
3145821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)kShadowGapBeg, (void*)kShadowGapEnd);
3155821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("|| `[%p, %p]` || LowShadow  ||\n",
3165821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)kLowShadowBeg, (void*)kLowShadowEnd);
3175821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("|| `[%p, %p]` || LowMem     ||\n",
3185821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)kLowMemBeg, (void*)kLowMemEnd);
3195821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("MemToShadow(shadow): %p %p %p %p\n",
3205821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)MEM_TO_SHADOW(kLowShadowBeg),
3215821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)MEM_TO_SHADOW(kLowShadowEnd),
3225821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)MEM_TO_SHADOW(kHighShadowBeg),
3235821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           (void*)MEM_TO_SHADOW(kHighShadowEnd));
3245821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("red_zone=%zu\n", (uptr)flags()->redzone);
3255821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("malloc_context_size=%zu\n", (uptr)flags()->malloc_context_size);
3265821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3275821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("SHADOW_SCALE: %zx\n", (uptr)SHADOW_SCALE);
3285821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("SHADOW_GRANULARITY: %zx\n", (uptr)SHADOW_GRANULARITY);
3295821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Printf("SHADOW_OFFSET: %zx\n", (uptr)SHADOW_OFFSET);
3305821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    CHECK(SHADOW_SCALE >= 3 && SHADOW_SCALE <= 7);
3315821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
3325821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3335821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->disable_core) {
3345821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    DisableCoreDumper();
3355821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
3365821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3375821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  uptr shadow_start = kLowShadowBeg;
3385821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (kLowShadowBeg > 0) shadow_start -= kMmapGranularity;
3395821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  uptr shadow_end = kHighShadowEnd;
3405821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (MemoryRangeIsAvailable(shadow_start, shadow_end)) {
3415821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    if (kLowShadowBeg != kLowShadowEnd) {
3425821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      // mmap the low shadow plus at least one page.
3435821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)      ReserveShadowMemoryRange(kLowShadowBeg - kMmapGranularity, kLowShadowEnd);
3445821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    }
3455821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // mmap the high shadow.
3465821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    ReserveShadowMemoryRange(kHighShadowBeg, kHighShadowEnd);
3475821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    // protect the gap
3485821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    void *prot = Mprotect(kShadowGapBeg, kShadowGapEnd - kShadowGapBeg + 1);
3495821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    CHECK(prot == (void*)kShadowGapBeg);
3505821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  } else {
3515821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Report("Shadow memory range interleaves with an existing memory mapping. "
3525821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)           "ASan cannot proceed correctly. ABORTING.\n");
3535821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    DumpProcessMap();
3545821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Die();
3555821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
3565821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3575821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  InstallSignalHandlers();
3585821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3595821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // On Linux AsanThread::ThreadStart() calls malloc() that's why asan_inited
3605821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // should be set to 1 prior to initializing the threads.
3615821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  asan_inited = 1;
3625821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  asan_init_is_running = false;
3635821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3645821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  asanThreadRegistry().Init();
3655821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  asanThreadRegistry().GetMain()->ThreadStart();
3665821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  force_interface_symbols();  // no-op.
3675821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3685821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  if (flags()->verbosity) {
3695821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    Report("AddressSanitizer Init done\n");
3705821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  }
3715821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)}
3725821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)
3735821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#if defined(ASAN_USE_PREINIT_ARRAY)
3745821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // On Linux, we force __asan_init to be called before anyone else
3755821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // by placing it into .preinit_array section.
3765821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // FIXME: do we have anything like this on Mac?
3775821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  __attribute__((section(".preinit_array")))
3785821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)    typeof(__asan_init) *__asan_preinit =__asan_init;
3795821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(_DLL)
3805821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // On Windows, when using dynamic CRT (/MD), we can put a pointer
3815821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // to __asan_init into the global list of C initializers.
3825821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  // See crt0dat.c in the CRT sources for the details.
3835821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  #pragma section(".CRT$XIB", long, read)  // NOLINT
3845821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)  __declspec(allocate(".CRT$XIB")) void (*__asan_preinit)() = __asan_init;
3855821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)#endif
3865821806d5e7f356e8fa4b058a389a808ea183019Torne (Richard Coles)