interception.h revision c27279a4a08e0661f204c3e5dc65aafce79dec8a
15f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer//===-- interception.h ------------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===// 25f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// 35f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure 45f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// 50bc735ffcfb223c0186419547abaa5c84482663eChris Lattner// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source 60bc735ffcfb223c0186419547abaa5c84482663eChris Lattner// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details. 75f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// 85f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 95f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// 105f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// This file is a part of AddressSanitizer, an address sanity checker. 115f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// 125f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// Machinery for providing replacements/wrappers for system functions. 135f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 145f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer 155f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer#ifndef INTERCEPTION_H 165f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer#define INTERCEPTION_H 172e1cd4264d363ca869bf37ef160902f211d21b8cDouglas Gregor 18e7d07d113677a39026ff5119b8b67f6fe8ca9793Ted Kremenek#if !defined(__linux__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(_WIN32) 19ca1bdd7c269a2390d43c040a60511edd017ee130Douglas Gregor# error "Interception doesn't work on this operating system." 20fe6b2d481d91140923f4541f273b253291884214Douglas Gregor#endif 219f9bf258f8ebae30bfb70feb9d797d6eb67b0460Douglas Gregor 22ad75653f81dece1c806e9c28dd7e7582c9929a27Ted Kremenek// How to use this library: 23ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor// 1) Include this header to define your own interceptors 24d249e1d1f1498b81314459ceda19d6ff25c278adDouglas Gregor// (see details below). 257532dc66648cfe7432c9fe66dec5225f0ab301c6Douglas Gregor// 2) Build all *.cc files and link against them. 26464175bba1318bef7905122e9fda20cff926df78Chris Lattner// On Mac you will also need to: 2750d62d1b4a98adbc83de8f8cd1379ea1c25656f7Douglas Gregor// 3) Provide your own implementation for the following functions: 28046861b912ed72bdc364d7905180ee63e5b08870Anders Carlsson// mach_error_t __interception::allocate_island(void **ptr, 29464175bba1318bef7905122e9fda20cff926df78Chris Lattner// size_t size, 3068d331a78e655d97294e94fcfa63f92cc1f40578Steve Naroff// void *hint); 312cf2634ffdb4f7c8d46cef3f8e60a55993f1c57aDouglas Gregor// mach_error_t __interception::deallocate_island(void *ptr); 32432a8893f7e30d141d7f279bd00b741a3cdac81fFariborz Jahanian// See "interception_mac.h" for more details. 336c2b6eb8d836da19007f7540709e16d5e39a1cbaChris Lattner 345f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// How to add an interceptor: 355f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// Suppose you need to wrap/replace system function (generally, from libc): 36b7cfe88e88cb4f46308de89cf3f0c81bfe624128Chris Lattner// int foo(const char *bar, double baz); 37b7cfe88e88cb4f46308de89cf3f0c81bfe624128Chris Lattner// You'll need to: 38bf9e48cbaaa23d990dbedf9489513500bd0b9751Daniel Dunbar// 1) define INTERCEPTOR(int, foo, const char *bar, double baz) { ... } in 39b7cfe88e88cb4f46308de89cf3f0c81bfe624128Chris Lattner// your source file. 40b7cfe88e88cb4f46308de89cf3f0c81bfe624128Chris Lattner// 2) Call "INTERCEPT_FUNCTION(foo)" prior to the first call of "foo". 415f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// INTERCEPT_FUNCTION(foo) evaluates to "true" iff the function was 42a9376d470ccb0eac74fe09a6b2a18a890f1d17c4Chris Lattner// intercepted successfully. 43e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// You can access original function by calling REAL(foo)(bar, baz). 445e530af5d51572a0ed5dbe50da54bd333840c63dDavid Chisnall// By default, REAL(foo) will be visible only inside your interceptor, and if 45bdc601b196c48d4cd56a5ceb45d41ae4e87371abKen Dyck// you want to use it in other parts of RTL, you'll need to: 46aea67dbd653a2dd6dd5cc2159279e81e855b2482Douglas Gregor// 3a) add DECLARE_REAL(int, foo, const char*, double) to a 47e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// header file. 482cf2634ffdb4f7c8d46cef3f8e60a55993f1c57aDouglas Gregor// However, if the call "INTERCEPT_FUNCTION(foo)" and definition for 49c7229c338c21ef26b01ef3ecf9eec4fd373fa9ecChris Lattner// INTERCEPTOR(..., foo, ...) are in different files, you'll instead need to: 50e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// 3b) add DECLARE_REAL_AND_INTERCEPTOR(int, foo, const char*, double) 51e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// to a header file. 52d934112e6170b0fd940d8e40db6936cea2cdcf62Douglas Gregor 53e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// Notes: 1. Things may not work properly if macro INTERCEPT(...) {...} or 543478eb6872d836600caf45b0f81c2065d685d6e0Ted Kremenek// DECLARE_REAL(...) are located inside namespaces. 55f53df2398e07d13be9962b95aebc19b31706fa33Anders Carlsson// 2. On Mac you can also use: "OVERRIDE_FUNCTION(foo, zoo);" to 56f53df2398e07d13be9962b95aebc19b31706fa33Anders Carlsson// effectively redirect calls from "foo" to "zoo". In this case 57e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// you aren't required to implement 580d8df780aef1acda5962347a32591efc629b6748Anders Carlsson// INTERCEPTOR(int, foo, const char *bar, double baz) {...} 590d8df780aef1acda5962347a32591efc629b6748Anders Carlsson// but instead you'll have to add 600d8df780aef1acda5962347a32591efc629b6748Anders Carlsson// DEFINE_REAL(int, foo, const char *bar, double baz) in your 61c56f34a1c1779de15330bdb3eec39b3418802d47Daniel Dunbar// source file (to define a pointer to overriden function). 62e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar 630c01d18094100db92d38daa923c95661512db203John McCall// How it works: 64e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// To replace system functions on Linux we just need to declare functions 653e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor// with same names in our library and then obtain the real function pointers 660d8df780aef1acda5962347a32591efc629b6748Anders Carlsson// using dlsym(). 67e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// There is one complication. A user may also intercept some of the functions 68e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// we intercept. To resolve this we declare our interceptors with __interceptor_ 69e91593ef084479340582b2ba177b44be50a717b7Daniel Dunbar// prefix, and then make actual interceptors weak aliases to __interceptor_ 700d8df780aef1acda5962347a32591efc629b6748Anders Carlsson// functions. 71ed97649e9574b9d854fa4d6109c9333ae0993554John McCall// This is not so on Mac OS, where the two-level namespace makes 72eec51cf1ba5f0e62c9cdb81b5c63babdd6e649abJohn McCall// our replacement functions invisible to other libraries. This may be overcomed 731eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump// using the DYLD_FORCE_FLAT_NAMESPACE, but some errors loading the shared 741b63e4f732dbc73d90abf886b4d21f8e3a165f6dChris Lattner// libraries in Chromium were noticed when doing so. Instead we use 751eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump// mach_override, a handy framework for patching functions at runtime. 765f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// To avoid possible name clashes, our replacement functions have 775f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// the "wrap_" prefix on Mac. 781eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump// An alternative to function patching is to create a dylib containing a 79ef99001908e799c388f1363b1e607dad5f5b57d3John McCall// __DATA,__interpose section that associates library functions with their 80ef99001908e799c388f1363b1e607dad5f5b57d3John McCall// wrappers. When this dylib is preloaded before an executable using 815f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES, it routes all the calls to interposed functions done 820953e767ff7817f97b3ab20896b229891eeff45bJohn McCall// through stubs to the wrapper functions. Such a library is built with 835f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer// -DMAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS=1. 845f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer 855618bd4a52c45fbbb605e3ba885663b2164db8a3Steve Naroff#if !defined(MAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS) || !defined(__APPLE__) 867c80bd64032e610c0dbd74fc0ef6ea334447f2fdSebastian Redl# define MAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS 0 877c80bd64032e610c0dbd74fc0ef6ea334447f2fdSebastian Redl#endif 88f30208ad5b334e93582e846a2a0c92f38a607b8aSebastian Redl 897192f8e9592729882a09d84d77838db26e39ebd4Ted Kremenek#if defined(__APPLE__) 90c5773c4b8ce1ed6ed5c7112c9020c954a47dce96Eli Friedman# define WRAP(x) wrap_##x 91c5773c4b8ce1ed6ed5c7112c9020c954a47dce96Eli Friedman# define WRAPPER_NAME(x) "wrap_"#x 9204d4beee4b86af20a9e4457023d3925cab8f9908Douglas Gregor# define INTERCEPTOR_ATTRIBUTE 932ec09f1dc123e1942ed756e8ee4fef86451eac9eDouglas Gregor# define DECLARE_WRAPPER(ret_type, func, ...) 945f016e2cb5d11daeb237544de1c5d59f20fe1a6eReid Spencer#elif defined(_WIN32) 9572564e73277e29f6db3305d1f27ba408abb7ed88Douglas Gregor# if defined(_DLL) // DLL CRT 9672564e73277e29f6db3305d1f27ba408abb7ed88Douglas Gregor# define WRAP(x) x 97b197572cf1cd70a817a1f546478cb2cb9112c48eDouglas Gregor# define WRAPPER_NAME(x) #x 989d702ae1cd5cfa19d884cbef77e1df99395138bbDouglas Gregor# define INTERCEPTOR_ATTRIBUTE 99fab9d67cebb87be968e7ae31a3b549a5279b5d51Douglas Gregor# else // Static CRT 10049a832bd499d6f61c23655f1fac99f0dd229756eJohn McCall# define WRAP(x) wrap_##x 101ef99001908e799c388f1363b1e607dad5f5b57d3John McCall# define WRAPPER_NAME(x) "wrap_"#x 102ef99001908e799c388f1363b1e607dad5f5b57d3John McCall# define INTERCEPTOR_ATTRIBUTE 103465d41b92b2c862f3062c412a0538db65c6a2661Abramo Bagnara# endif 1044714c12a1ab759156b78be8f109ea4c12213af57Douglas Gregor# define DECLARE_WRAPPER(ret_type, func, ...) 105ef99001908e799c388f1363b1e607dad5f5b57d3John McCall#else 10633500955d731c73717af52088b7fc0e7a85681e7John McCall# define WRAP(x) __interceptor_ ## x 107c12c5bba6ceb6acd4e51e7a0fc03257da9cfd44eJohn McCall# define WRAPPER_NAME(x) "__interceptor_" #x 108d1b3c2dd5bc1f3103bee6137957aa7c5f8f2f0bcSteve Naroff# define INTERCEPTOR_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__((visibility("default"))) 1091eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump# define DECLARE_WRAPPER(ret_type, func, ...) \ 1107532dc66648cfe7432c9fe66dec5225f0ab301c6Douglas Gregor extern "C" ret_type func(__VA_ARGS__) \ 1117532dc66648cfe7432c9fe66dec5225f0ab301c6Douglas Gregor __attribute__((weak, alias("__interceptor_" #func), visibility("default"))); 1127532dc66648cfe7432c9fe66dec5225f0ab301c6Douglas Gregor#endif 113ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor 114ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor#if !MAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS 115ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor# define PTR_TO_REAL(x) real_##x 116ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor# define REAL(x) __interception::PTR_TO_REAL(x) 117ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor# define FUNC_TYPE(x) x##_f 118ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor 119ab452ba8323d1985e08bade2bced588cddf2cc28Douglas Gregor# define DECLARE_REAL(ret_type, func, ...) \ 12088a981b47c7face1b1fdaa9074256245107b9ca9Devang Patel typedef ret_type (*FUNC_TYPE(func))(__VA_ARGS__); \ 121a9a4a24592a2164114a8a36717650e6341eb67a4Ted Kremenek namespace __interception { \ 12288a981b47c7face1b1fdaa9074256245107b9ca9Devang Patel extern FUNC_TYPE(func) PTR_TO_REAL(func); \ 123b2dbbb99e12806eaaf53b7ccabc32f42b5719443Daniel Dunbar } 124f98aba35e6c3da5aae61843fc01334939e4e12ecEli Friedman#else // MAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS 125f53df2398e07d13be9962b95aebc19b31706fa33Anders Carlsson# define REAL(x) x 126f53df2398e07d13be9962b95aebc19b31706fa33Anders Carlsson# define DECLARE_REAL(ret_type, func, ...) \ 127f53df2398e07d13be9962b95aebc19b31706fa33Anders Carlsson extern "C" ret_type func(__VA_ARGS__); 1288a1d722f13df383600f36d77f842957c8adb5f1bArgyrios Kyrtzidis#endif // MAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS 1298a1d722f13df383600f36d77f842957c8adb5f1bArgyrios Kyrtzidis 1308a1d722f13df383600f36d77f842957c8adb5f1bArgyrios Kyrtzidis#define DECLARE_REAL_AND_INTERCEPTOR(ret_type, func, ...) \ 1313e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor DECLARE_REAL(ret_type, func, __VA_ARGS__) \ 1323e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor extern "C" ret_type WRAP(func)(__VA_ARGS__); 1333e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor 1343e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor// Generally, you don't need to use DEFINE_REAL by itself, as INTERCEPTOR 1353e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor// macros does its job. In exceptional cases you may need to call REAL(foo) 1363e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor// without defining INTERCEPTOR(..., foo, ...). For example, if you override 1373e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor// foo with an interceptor for other function. 1383e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor#if !MAC_INTERPOSE_FUNCTIONS 1393e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor# define DEFINE_REAL(ret_type, func, ...) \ 1403e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor typedef ret_type (*FUNC_TYPE(func))(__VA_ARGS__); \ 1413e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor namespace __interception { \ 1423e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor FUNC_TYPE(func) PTR_TO_REAL(func); \ 1433e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor } 1443e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor#else 1453e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor# define DEFINE_REAL(ret_type, func, ...) 1463e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor#endif 1473e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor 1483e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor#define INTERCEPTOR(ret_type, func, ...) \ 1493e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor DEFINE_REAL(ret_type, func, __VA_ARGS__) \ 1503e1274f2b99cb99c03cc8e2c6517c37d330b597aDouglas Gregor DECLARE_WRAPPER(ret_type, func, __VA_ARGS__) \ 151006113841bdae1edb77aef75ba1ffdf2e55a3094Argyrios Kyrtzidis extern "C" \ 152006113841bdae1edb77aef75ba1ffdf2e55a3094Argyrios Kyrtzidis INTERCEPTOR_ATTRIBUTE \ 153006113841bdae1edb77aef75ba1ffdf2e55a3094Argyrios Kyrtzidis ret_type WRAP(func)(__VA_ARGS__) 154006113841bdae1edb77aef75ba1ffdf2e55a3094Argyrios Kyrtzidis 155b2cf3573d7351094f6247fcca94703ce88eb9ee0Anders Carlsson#if defined(_WIN32) 156b2cf3573d7351094f6247fcca94703ce88eb9ee0Anders Carlsson# define INTERCEPTOR_WINAPI(ret_type, func, ...) \ 157b2cf3573d7351094f6247fcca94703ce88eb9ee0Anders Carlsson typedef ret_type (__stdcall *FUNC_TYPE(func))(__VA_ARGS__); \ 158b2cf3573d7351094f6247fcca94703ce88eb9ee0Anders Carlsson namespace __interception { \ 159d1b3c2dd5bc1f3103bee6137957aa7c5f8f2f0bcSteve Naroff FUNC_TYPE(func) PTR_TO_REAL(func); \ 1606083ea3723ec3996ae3bdf8d1b352b0c3b3922c8Ted Kremenek } \ 161de2e22d33afec98324a66a358dfe0951b3c7259aSteve Naroff DECLARE_WRAPPER(ret_type, func, __VA_ARGS__) \ 1621eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump extern "C" \ 1636083ea3723ec3996ae3bdf8d1b352b0c3b3922c8Ted Kremenek INTERCEPTOR_ATTRIBUTE \ 16413dcd00615de5c4279d97bdf63cd5f0a14fd9dccFariborz Jahanian ret_type __stdcall WRAP(func)(__VA_ARGS__) 1651eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump#endif 1666083ea3723ec3996ae3bdf8d1b352b0c3b3922c8Ted Kremenek 167a526c5c67e5a0473c340903ee542ce570119665fTed Kremenek// ISO C++ forbids casting between pointer-to-function and pointer-to-object, 168390d50a725497e99247dc104a7d2c2a255d3af14Fariborz Jahanian// so we use casting via an integral type __interception::uptr, 1698baaca50f07d0c10bba69c8d88c1b9078c92d06dAnders Carlsson// assuming that system is POSIX-compliant. Using other hacks seem 1706083ea3723ec3996ae3bdf8d1b352b0c3b3922c8Ted Kremenek// challenging, as we don't even pass function type to 171de2e22d33afec98324a66a358dfe0951b3c7259aSteve Naroff// INTERCEPT_FUNCTION macro, only its name. 1721eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stumpnamespace __interception { 173a526c5c67e5a0473c340903ee542ce570119665fTed Kremenektypedef unsigned long uptr; // NOLINT 1742198891824c38d45b2279de5d5e3ef9394eb457cSteve Naroff} // namespace __interception 1757a9d49fd2bfac00e905b361ba76d26ab5b6c3b09Ted Kremenek 1762bb5ddaff86ee73d2cea7ec1835978afc88a83f0Fariborz Jahanian#define INCLUDED_FROM_INTERCEPTION_LIB 1772bb5ddaff86ee73d2cea7ec1835978afc88a83f0Fariborz Jahanian 178bd4c1ada2e8668f43a865dc2c662085cf61940c4Anders Carlsson#if defined(__linux__) 1791eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump# include "interception_linux.h" 180c29f77b769bcc5b6dc85e72c8e3cc2e348e5cf25Douglas Gregor# define INTERCEPT_FUNCTION(func) INTERCEPT_FUNCTION_LINUX(func) 181c29f77b769bcc5b6dc85e72c8e3cc2e348e5cf25Douglas Gregor#elif defined(__APPLE__) 1821eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump# include "interception_mac.h" 1838fad9941a635a42ee644e7396ca84cbaaa5c1b6eMike Stump# define OVERRIDE_FUNCTION(old_func, new_func) \ 184782fa308a765aeac2acb39c4e697c937ec21185bMike Stump OVERRIDE_FUNCTION_MAC(old_func, new_func) 1851eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump# define INTERCEPT_FUNCTION(func) INTERCEPT_FUNCTION_MAC(func) 1868fad9941a635a42ee644e7396ca84cbaaa5c1b6eMike Stump#else // defined(_WIN32) 187782fa308a765aeac2acb39c4e697c937ec21185bMike Stump# include "interception_win.h" 1881eb4433ac451dc16f4133a88af2d002ac26c58efMike Stump# define INTERCEPT_FUNCTION(func) INTERCEPT_FUNCTION_WIN(func) 189adaaad3715c9c26cdcfdfe3401a13d7b4423ddcfMike Stump#endif 190adaaad3715c9c26cdcfdfe3401a13d7b4423ddcfMike Stump 191adaaad3715c9c26cdcfdfe3401a13d7b4423ddcfMike Stump#undef INCLUDED_FROM_INTERCEPTION_LIB 192083c25eea14bb4cc4ecc3ec763c60e2e609e22bdMike Stump 193083c25eea14bb4cc4ecc3ec763c60e2e609e22bdMike Stump#endif // INTERCEPTION_H 194083c25eea14bb4cc4ecc3ec763c60e2e609e22bdMike Stump