1c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath// This file is part of Eigen, a lightweight C++ template library
2c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath// for linear algebra.
3c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath//
4c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath// Copyright (C) 2010 Manuel Yguel <manuel.yguel@gmail.com>
5c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath//
6c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla
7c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath// Public License v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed
8c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath// with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
9c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
10c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath#ifndef EIGEN_POLYNOMIAL_UTILS_H
11c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath#define EIGEN_POLYNOMIAL_UTILS_H
12c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
13c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathnamespace Eigen {
14c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
15c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath/** \ingroup Polynomials_Module
16c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \returns the evaluation of the polynomial at x using Horner algorithm.
17c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *
18c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] poly : the vector of coefficients of the polynomial ordered
19c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  by degrees i.e. poly[i] is the coefficient of degree i of the polynomial
20c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  e.g. \f$ 1 + 3x^2 \f$ is stored as a vector \f$ [ 1, 0, 3 ] \f$.
21c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] x : the value to evaluate the polynomial at.
22c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *
23c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * <i><b>Note for stability:</b></i>
24c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  <dd> \f$ |x| \le 1 \f$ </dd>
25c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath */
26c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtemplate <typename Polynomials, typename T>
27c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathinline
28c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan KamathT poly_eval_horner( const Polynomials& poly, const T& x )
29c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath{
30c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  T val=poly[poly.size()-1];
31c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  for(DenseIndex i=poly.size()-2; i>=0; --i ){
32c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    val = val*x + poly[i]; }
33c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  return val;
34c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath}
35c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
36c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath/** \ingroup Polynomials_Module
37c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \returns the evaluation of the polynomial at x using stabilized Horner algorithm.
38c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *
39c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] poly : the vector of coefficients of the polynomial ordered
40c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  by degrees i.e. poly[i] is the coefficient of degree i of the polynomial
41c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  e.g. \f$ 1 + 3x^2 \f$ is stored as a vector \f$ [ 1, 0, 3 ] \f$.
42c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] x : the value to evaluate the polynomial at.
43c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath */
44c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtemplate <typename Polynomials, typename T>
45c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathinline
46c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan KamathT poly_eval( const Polynomials& poly, const T& x )
47c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath{
48c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  typedef typename NumTraits<T>::Real Real;
49c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
507faaa9f3f0df9d23790277834d426c3d992ac3baCarlos Hernandez  if( numext::abs2( x ) <= Real(1) ){
51c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    return poly_eval_horner( poly, x ); }
52c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  else
53c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  {
54c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    T val=poly[0];
55c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    T inv_x = T(1)/x;
56c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    for( DenseIndex i=1; i<poly.size(); ++i ){
57c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath      val = val*inv_x + poly[i]; }
58c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
59c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    return std::pow(x,(T)(poly.size()-1)) * val;
60c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  }
61c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath}
62c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
63c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath/** \ingroup Polynomials_Module
64c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \returns a maximum bound for the absolute value of any root of the polynomial.
65c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *
66c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] poly : the vector of coefficients of the polynomial ordered
67c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  by degrees i.e. poly[i] is the coefficient of degree i of the polynomial
68c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  e.g. \f$ 1 + 3x^2 \f$ is stored as a vector \f$ [ 1, 0, 3 ] \f$.
69c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *
70c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  <i><b>Precondition:</b></i>
71c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  <dd> the leading coefficient of the input polynomial poly must be non zero </dd>
72c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath */
73c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtemplate <typename Polynomial>
74c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathinline
75c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtypename NumTraits<typename Polynomial::Scalar>::Real cauchy_max_bound( const Polynomial& poly )
76c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath{
777faaa9f3f0df9d23790277834d426c3d992ac3baCarlos Hernandez  using std::abs;
78c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  typedef typename Polynomial::Scalar Scalar;
79c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  typedef typename NumTraits<Scalar>::Real Real;
80c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
817faaa9f3f0df9d23790277834d426c3d992ac3baCarlos Hernandez  eigen_assert( Scalar(0) != poly[poly.size()-1] );
82c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  const Scalar inv_leading_coeff = Scalar(1)/poly[poly.size()-1];
83c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  Real cb(0);
84c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
85c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  for( DenseIndex i=0; i<poly.size()-1; ++i ){
867faaa9f3f0df9d23790277834d426c3d992ac3baCarlos Hernandez    cb += abs(poly[i]*inv_leading_coeff); }
87c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  return cb + Real(1);
88c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath}
89c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
90c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath/** \ingroup Polynomials_Module
91c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \returns a minimum bound for the absolute value of any non zero root of the polynomial.
92c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] poly : the vector of coefficients of the polynomial ordered
93c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  by degrees i.e. poly[i] is the coefficient of degree i of the polynomial
94c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  e.g. \f$ 1 + 3x^2 \f$ is stored as a vector \f$ [ 1, 0, 3 ] \f$.
95c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath */
96c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtemplate <typename Polynomial>
97c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathinline
98c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtypename NumTraits<typename Polynomial::Scalar>::Real cauchy_min_bound( const Polynomial& poly )
99c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath{
1007faaa9f3f0df9d23790277834d426c3d992ac3baCarlos Hernandez  using std::abs;
101c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  typedef typename Polynomial::Scalar Scalar;
102c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  typedef typename NumTraits<Scalar>::Real Real;
103c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
104c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  DenseIndex i=0;
105c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  while( i<poly.size()-1 && Scalar(0) == poly(i) ){ ++i; }
106c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  if( poly.size()-1 == i ){
107c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    return Real(1); }
108c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
109c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  const Scalar inv_min_coeff = Scalar(1)/poly[i];
110c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  Real cb(1);
111c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  for( DenseIndex j=i+1; j<poly.size(); ++j ){
1127faaa9f3f0df9d23790277834d426c3d992ac3baCarlos Hernandez    cb += abs(poly[j]*inv_min_coeff); }
113c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  return Real(1)/cb;
114c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath}
115c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
116c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath/** \ingroup Polynomials_Module
117c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * Given the roots of a polynomial compute the coefficients in the
118c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * monomial basis of the monic polynomial with same roots and minimal degree.
119c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * If RootVector is a vector of complexes, Polynomial should also be a vector
120c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * of complexes.
121c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[in] rv : a vector containing the roots of a polynomial.
122c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath * \param[out] poly : the vector of coefficients of the polynomial ordered
123c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  by degrees i.e. poly[i] is the coefficient of degree i of the polynomial
124c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath *  e.g. \f$ 3 + x^2 \f$ is stored as a vector \f$ [ 3, 0, 1 ] \f$.
125c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath */
126c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathtemplate <typename RootVector, typename Polynomial>
127c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamathvoid roots_to_monicPolynomial( const RootVector& rv, Polynomial& poly )
128c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath{
129c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
130c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  typedef typename Polynomial::Scalar Scalar;
131c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
132c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  poly.setZero( rv.size()+1 );
133c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  poly[0] = -rv[0]; poly[1] = Scalar(1);
134c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  for( DenseIndex i=1; i< rv.size(); ++i )
135c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  {
136c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    for( DenseIndex j=i+1; j>0; --j ){ poly[j] = poly[j-1] - rv[i]*poly[j]; }
137c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath    poly[0] = -rv[i]*poly[0];
138c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath  }
139c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath}
140c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
141c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath} // end namespace Eigen
142c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath
143c981c48f5bc9aefeffc0bcb0cc3934c2fae179ddNarayan Kamath#endif // EIGEN_POLYNOMIAL_UTILS_H
144