fontTools/ttLib/__init__.py

"""fontTools.ttLib -- a package for dealing with TrueType fonts.

This package offers translators to convert TrueType fonts to Python
objects and vice versa, and additionally from Python to TTX (an XML-based
text format) and vice versa.

Example interactive session:

Python 1.5.2c1 (#43, Mar  9 1999, 13:06:43)  [CW PPC w/GUSI w/MSL]
Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam
>>> from fontTools import ttLib
>>> tt = ttLib.TTFont("afont.ttf")
>>> tt['maxp'].numGlyphs
242
>>> tt['OS/2'].achVendID
'B&H\000'
>>> tt['head'].unitsPerEm
2048
>>> tt.saveXML("afont.ttx")
Dumping 'LTSH' table...
Dumping 'OS/2' table...
Dumping 'VDMX' table...
Dumping 'cmap' table...
Dumping 'cvt ' table...
Dumping 'fpgm' table...
Dumping 'glyf' table...
Dumping 'hdmx' table...
Dumping 'head' table...
Dumping 'hhea' table...
Dumping 'hmtx' table...
Dumping 'loca' table...
Dumping 'maxp' table...
Dumping 'name' table...
Dumping 'post' table...
Dumping 'prep' table...
>>> tt2 = ttLib.TTFont()
>>> tt2.importXML("afont.ttx")
>>> tt2['maxp'].numGlyphs
242
>>>

"""

#
# $Id: __init__.py,v 1.22 2002-05-05 11:29:33 jvr Exp $
#

import os
import string
import types


class TTLibError(Exception): pass


class TTFont:

	"""The main font object. It manages file input and output, and offers
	a convenient way of accessing tables.
	Tables will be only decompiled when neccesary, ie. when they're actually
	accessed. This means that simple operations can be extremely fast.
	"""

	def __init__(self, file=None, res_name_or_index=None,
			sfntVersion="\000\001\000\000", checkchecksums=0,
			verbose=0, recalcBBoxes=1):

		"""The constructor can be called with a few different arguments.
		When reading a font from disk, 'file' should be either a pathname
		pointing to a file, or a readable file object.

		It we're running on a Macintosh, 'res_name_or_index' maybe an sfnt
		resource name or an sfnt resource index number or zero. The latter
		case will cause TTLib to autodetect whether the file is a flat file
		or a suitcase. (If it's a suitcase, only the first 'sfnt' resource
		will be read!)

		The 'checkchecksums' argument is used to specify how sfnt
		checksums are treated upon reading a file from disk:
			0: don't check (default)
			1: check, print warnings if a wrong checksum is found (default)
			2: check, raise an exception if a wrong checksum is found.

		The TTFont constructor can also be called without a 'file'
		argument: this is the way to create a new empty font.
		In this case you can optionally supply the 'sfntVersion' argument.

		If the recalcBBoxes argument is false, a number of things will *not*
		be recalculated upon save/compile:
			1) glyph bounding boxes
			2) maxp font bounding box
			3) hhea min/max values
		(1) is needed for certain kinds of CJK fonts (ask Werner Lemberg ;-).
		Additionally, upon importing an TTX file, this option cause glyphs
		to be compiled right away. This should reduce memory consumption
		greatly, and therefore should have some impact on the time needed
		to parse/compile large fonts.
		"""

		import sfnt
		self.verbose = verbose
		self.recalcBBoxes = recalcBBoxes
		self.tables = {}
		self.reader = None
		if not file:
			self.sfntVersion = sfntVersion
			return
		if type(file) == types.StringType:
			if os.name == "mac" and res_name_or_index is not None:
				# on the mac, we deal with sfnt resources as well as flat files
				import macUtils
				if res_name_or_index == 0:
					if macUtils.getSFNTResIndices(file):
						# get the first available sfnt font.
						file = macUtils.SFNTResourceReader(file, 1)
					else:
						file = open(file, "rb")
				else:
					file = macUtils.SFNTResourceReader(file, res_name_or_index)
			else:
				file = open(file, "rb")
		else:
			pass # assume "file" is a readable file object
		self.reader = sfnt.SFNTReader(file, checkchecksums)
		self.sfntVersion = self.reader.sfntVersion

	def close(self):
		"""If we still have a reader object, close it."""
		if self.reader is not None:
			self.reader.close()

	def save(self, file, makeSuitcase=0):
		"""Save the font to disk. Similarly to the constructor,
		the 'file' argument can be either a pathname or a writable
		file object.

		On the Mac, if makeSuitcase is true, a suitcase (resource fork)
		file will we made instead of a flat .ttf file.
		"""
		from fontTools.ttLib import sfnt
		if type(file) == types.StringType:
			closeStream = 1
			if os.name == "mac" and makeSuitcase:
				import macUtils
				file = macUtils.SFNTResourceWriter(file, self)
			else:
				file = open(file, "wb")
				if os.name == "mac":
					import macfs
					fss = macfs.FSSpec(file.name)
					fss.SetCreatorType('mdos', 'BINA')
		else:
			# assume "file" is a writable file object
			closeStream = 0

		tags = self.keys()
		numTables = len(tags)
		writer = sfnt.SFNTWriter(file, numTables, self.sfntVersion)

		done = []
		for tag in tags:
			self._writeTable(tag, writer, done)

		writer.close(closeStream)

	def saveXML(self, fileOrPath, progress=None,
			tables=None, skipTables=None, splitTables=0, disassembleInstructions=1):
		"""Export the font as TTX (an XML-based text file), or as a series of text
		files when splitTables is true. In the latter case, the 'fileOrPath'
		argument should be a path to a directory.
		The 'tables' argument must either be false (dump all tables) or a
		list of tables to dump. The 'skipTables' argument may be a list of tables
		to skip, but only when the 'tables' argument is false.
		"""
		from fontTools import version
		import xmlWriter

		self.disassembleInstructions = disassembleInstructions
		if not tables:
			tables = self.keys()
			if skipTables:
				for tag in skipTables:
					if tag in tables:
						tables.remove(tag)
		numTables = len(tables)
		numGlyphs = self['maxp'].numGlyphs
		if progress:
			progress.set(0, numTables * numGlyphs)
		if not splitTables:
			writer = xmlWriter.XMLWriter(fileOrPath)
			writer.begintag("ttFont", sfntVersion=`self.sfntVersion`[1:-1],
					ttLibVersion=version)
			writer.newline()
			writer.newline()
		else:
			# 'fileOrPath' must now be a path (pointing to a directory)
			if not os.path.exists(fileOrPath):
				os.mkdir(fileOrPath)
			fileNameTemplate = os.path.join(fileOrPath,
					os.path.basename(fileOrPath)) + ".%s.ttx"

		for i in range(numTables):
			tag = tables[i]
			if splitTables:
				writer = xmlWriter.XMLWriter(fileNameTemplate % tag2identifier(tag))
				writer.begintag("ttFont", sfntVersion=`self.sfntVersion`[1:-1],
						ttLibVersion=version)
				writer.newline()
				writer.newline()
			table = self[tag]
			report = "Dumping '%s' table..." % tag
			if progress:
				progress.setlabel(report)
			elif self.verbose:
				debugmsg(report)
			else:
				print report
			xmltag = tag2xmltag(tag)
			if hasattr(table, "ERROR"):
				writer.begintag(xmltag, ERROR="decompilation error")
			else:
				writer.begintag(xmltag)
			writer.newline()
			if tag == "glyf":
				table.toXML(writer, self, progress)
			elif tag == "CFF ":
				table.toXML(writer, self, progress)
			else:
				table.toXML(writer, self)
			writer.endtag(xmltag)
			writer.newline()
			writer.newline()
			if splitTables:
				writer.endtag("ttFont")
				writer.newline()
				writer.close()
			if progress:
				progress.set(i * numGlyphs, numTables * numGlyphs)
		if not splitTables:
			writer.endtag("ttFont")
			writer.newline()
			writer.close()
		if self.verbose:
			debugmsg("Done dumping TTX")

	def importXML(self, file, progress=None):
		"""Import a TTX file (an XML-based text format), so as to recreate
		a font object.
		"""
		import xmlImport
		xmlImport.importXML(self, file, progress)

	def isLoaded(self, tag):
		"""Return true if the table identified by 'tag' has been
		decompiled and loaded into memory."""
		return self.tables.has_key(tag)

	def has_key(self, tag):
		if self.isLoaded(tag):
			return 1
		elif self.reader and self.reader.has_key(tag):
			return 1
		else:
			return 0

	def keys(self):
		keys = self.tables.keys()
		if self.reader:
			for key in self.reader.keys():
				if key not in keys:
					keys.append(key)
		keys.sort()
		return keys

	def __len__(self):
		return len(self.keys())

	def __getitem__(self, tag):
		try:
			return self.tables[tag]
		except KeyError:
			if self.reader is not None:
				import traceback
				if self.verbose:
					debugmsg("reading '%s' table from disk" % tag)
				data = self.reader[tag]
				tableclass = getTableClass(tag)
				table = tableclass(tag)
				self.tables[tag] = table
				if self.verbose:
					debugmsg("decompiling '%s' table" % tag)
				try:
					table.decompile(data, self)
				except "_ _ F O O _ _": # dummy exception to disable exception catching
					print "An exception occurred during the decompilation of the '%s' table" % tag
					from tables.DefaultTable import DefaultTable
					import StringIO
					file = StringIO.StringIO()
					traceback.print_exc(file=file)
					table = DefaultTable(tag)
					table.ERROR = file.getvalue()
					self.tables[tag] = table
					table.decompile(data, self)
				return table
			else:
				raise KeyError, "'%s' table not found" % tag

	def __setitem__(self, tag, table):
		self.tables[tag] = table

	def __delitem__(self, tag):
		if not self.has_key(tag):
			raise KeyError, "'%s' table not found" % tag
		if self.tables.has_key(tag):
			del self.tables[tag]
		if self.reader and self.reader.has_key(tag):
			del self.reader[tag]

	def setGlyphOrder(self, glyphOrder):
		self.glyphOrder = glyphOrder
		if self.has_key('CFF '):
			self['CFF '].setGlyphOrder(glyphOrder)
		if self.has_key('glyf'):
			self['glyf'].setGlyphOrder(glyphOrder)

	def getGlyphOrder(self):
		try:
			return self.glyphOrder
		except AttributeError:
			pass
		if self.has_key('CFF '):
			# CFF OpenType font
			self.glyphOrder = self['CFF '].getGlyphOrder()
		elif self.has_key('post'):
			# TrueType font
			glyphOrder = self['post'].getGlyphOrder()
			if glyphOrder is None:
				#
				# No names found in the 'post' table.
				# Try to create glyph names from the unicode cmap (if available)
				# in combination with the Adobe Glyph List (AGL).
				#
				self._getGlyphNamesFromCmap()
			else:
				self.glyphOrder = glyphOrder
		else:
			self._getGlyphNamesFromCmap()
		return self.glyphOrder

	def _getGlyphNamesFromCmap(self):
		#
		# This is rather convoluted, but then again, it's an interesting problem:
		# - we need to use the unicode values found in the cmap table to
		#   build glyph names (eg. because there is only a minimal post table,
		#   or none at all).
		# - but the cmap parser also needs glyph names to work with...
		# So here's what we do:
		# - make up glyph names based on glyphID
		# - load a temporary cmap table based on those names
		# - extract the unicode values, build the "real" glyph names
		# - unload the temporary cmap table
		#
		if self.isLoaded("cmap"):
			# Bootstrapping: we're getting called by the cmap parser
			# itself. This means self.tables['cmap'] contains a partially
			# loaded cmap, making it impossible to get at a unicode
			# subtable here. We remove the partially loaded cmap and
			# restore it later.
			# This only happens if the cmap table is loaded before any
			# other table that does f.getGlyphOrder()  or f.getGlyphName().
			cmapLoading = self.tables['cmap']
			del self.tables['cmap']
		else:
			cmapLoading = None
		# Make up glyph names based on glyphID, which will be used by the
		# temporary cmap and by the real cmap in case we don't find a unicode
		# cmap.
		numGlyphs = int(self['maxp'].numGlyphs)
		glyphOrder = [None] * numGlyphs
		glyphOrder[0] = ".notdef"
		for i in range(1, numGlyphs):
			glyphOrder[i] = "glyph%.5d" % i
		# Set the glyph order, so the cmap parser has something
		# to work with (so we don't get called recursively).
		self.glyphOrder = glyphOrder
		# Get a (new) temporary cmap (based on the just invented names)
		tempcmap = self['cmap'].getcmap(3, 1)
		if tempcmap is not None:
			# we have a unicode cmap
			from fontTools import agl
			cmap = tempcmap.cmap
			# create a reverse cmap dict
			reversecmap = {}
			for unicode, name in cmap.items():
				reversecmap[name] = unicode
			allNames = {}
			for i in range(numGlyphs):
				tempName = glyphOrder[i]
				if reversecmap.has_key(tempName):
					unicode = reversecmap[tempName]
					if agl.UV2AGL.has_key(unicode):
						# get name from the Adobe Glyph List
						glyphName = agl.UV2AGL[unicode]
					else:
						# create uni<CODE> name
						glyphName = "uni" + string.upper(string.zfill(
								hex(unicode)[2:], 4))
					tempName = glyphName
					n = 1
					while allNames.has_key(tempName):
						tempName = glyphName + "#" + `n`
						n = n + 1
					glyphOrder[i] = tempName
					allNames[tempName] = 1
			# Delete the temporary cmap table from the cache, so it can
			# be parsed again with the right names.
			del self.tables['cmap']
		else:
			pass # no unicode cmap available, stick with the invented names
		self.glyphOrder = glyphOrder
		if cmapLoading:
			# restore partially loaded cmap, so it can continue loading
			# using the proper names.
			self.tables['cmap'] = cmapLoading

	def getGlyphNames(self):
		"""Get a list of glyph names, sorted alphabetically."""
		glyphNames = self.getGlyphOrder()[:]
		glyphNames.sort()
		return glyphNames

	def getGlyphNames2(self):
		"""Get a list of glyph names, sorted alphabetically,
		but not case sensitive.
		"""
		from fontTools.misc import textTools
		return textTools.caselessSort(self.getGlyphOrder())

	def getGlyphName(self, glyphID):
		return self.getGlyphOrder()[glyphID]

	def getGlyphID(self, glyphName):
		if not hasattr(self, "_reverseGlyphOrderDict"):
			self._buildReverseGlyphOrderDict()
		glyphOrder = self.getGlyphOrder()
		d = self._reverseGlyphOrderDict
		if not d.has_key(glyphName):
			if glyphName in glyphOrder:
				self._buildReverseGlyphOrderDict()
				return self.getGlyphID(glyphName)
			else:
				raise KeyError, glyphName
		glyphID = d[glyphName]
		if glyphName <> glyphOrder[glyphID]:
			self._buildReverseGlyphOrderDict()
			return self.getGlyphID(glyphName)
		return glyphID

	def _buildReverseGlyphOrderDict(self):
		self._reverseGlyphOrderDict = d = {}
		glyphOrder = self.getGlyphOrder()
		for glyphID in range(len(glyphOrder)):
			d[glyphOrder[glyphID]] = glyphID

	def _writeTable(self, tag, writer, done):
		"""Internal helper function for self.save(). Keeps track of
		inter-table dependencies.
		"""
		if tag in done:
			return
		tableclass = getTableClass(tag)
		for masterTable in tableclass.dependencies:
			if masterTable not in done:
				if self.has_key(masterTable):
					self._writeTable(masterTable, writer, done)
				else:
					done.append(masterTable)
		tabledata = self.getTableData(tag)
		if self.verbose:
			debugmsg("writing '%s' table to disk" % tag)
		writer[tag] = tabledata
		done.append(tag)

	def getTableData(self, tag):
		"""Returns raw table data, whether compiled or directly read from disk.
		"""
		if self.isLoaded(tag):
			if self.verbose:
				debugmsg("compiling '%s' table" % tag)
			return self.tables[tag].compile(self)
		elif self.reader and self.reader.has_key(tag):
			if self.verbose:
				debugmsg("reading '%s' table from disk" % tag)
			return self.reader[tag]
		else:
			raise KeyError, tag


def _test_endianness():
	"""Test the endianness of the machine. This is crucial to know
	since TrueType data is always big endian, even on little endian
	machines. There are quite a few situations where we explicitly
	need to swap some bytes.
	"""
	import struct
	data = struct.pack("h", 0x01)
	if data == "\000\001":
		return "big"
	elif data == "\001\000":
		return "little"
	else:
		assert 0, "endian confusion!"

endian = _test_endianness()


def getTableModule(tag):
	"""Fetch the packer/unpacker module for a table.
	Return None when no module is found.
	"""
	import imp
	import tables
	py_tag = tag2identifier(tag)
	try:
		f, path, kind = imp.find_module(py_tag, tables.__path__)
		if f:
			f.close()
	except ImportError:
		return None
	else:
		module = __import__("fontTools.ttLib.tables." + py_tag)
		return getattr(tables, py_tag)


def getTableClass(tag):
	"""Fetch the packer/unpacker class for a table.
	Return None when no class is found.
	"""
	module = getTableModule(tag)
	if module is None:
		from tables.DefaultTable import DefaultTable
		return DefaultTable
	py_tag = tag2identifier(tag)
	tableclass = getattr(module, "table_" + py_tag)
	return tableclass


def getNewTable(tag):
	"""Return a new instance of a table."""
	tableclass = getTableClass(tag)
	return tableclass(tag)


def _escapechar(c):
	"""Helper function for tag2identifier()"""
	import re
	if re.match("[a-z0-9]", c):
		return "_" + c
	elif re.match("[A-Z]", c):
		return c + "_"
	else:
		return hex(ord(c))[2:]


def tag2identifier(tag):
	"""Convert a table tag to a valid (but UGLY) python identifier,
	as well as a filename that's guaranteed to be unique even on a
	caseless file system. Each character is mapped to two characters.
	Lowercase letters get an underscore before the letter, uppercase
	letters get an underscore after the letter. Trailing spaces are
	trimmed. Illegal characters are escaped as two hex bytes. If the
	result starts with a number (as the result of a hex escape), an
	extra underscore is prepended. Examples:
		'glyf' -> '_g_l_y_f'
		'cvt ' -> '_c_v_t'
		'OS/2' -> 'O_S_2f_2'
	"""
	import re
	assert len(tag) == 4, "tag should be 4 characters long"
	while len(tag) > 1 and tag[-1] == ' ':
		tag = tag[:-1]
	ident = ""
	for c in tag:
		ident = ident + _escapechar(c)
	if re.match("[0-9]", ident):
		ident = "_" + ident
	return ident


def identifier2tag(ident):
	"""the opposite of tag2identifier()"""
	if len(ident) % 2 and ident[0] == "_":
		ident = ident[1:]
	assert not (len(ident) % 2)
	tag = ""
	for i in range(0, len(ident), 2):
		if ident[i] == "_":
			tag = tag + ident[i+1]
		elif ident[i+1] == "_":
			tag = tag + ident[i]
		else:
			# assume hex
			tag = tag + chr(string.atoi(ident[i:i+2], 16))
	# append trailing spaces
	tag = tag + (4 - len(tag)) * ' '
	return tag


def tag2xmltag(tag):
	"""Similarly to tag2identifier(), this converts a TT tag
	to a valid XML element name. Since XML element names are
	case sensitive, this is a fairly simple/readable translation.
	"""
	import re
	if tag == "OS/2":
		return "OS_2"
	if re.match("[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]* *$", tag):
		return string.strip(tag)
	else:
		return tag2identifier(tag)


def xmltag2tag(tag):
	"""The opposite of tag2xmltag()"""
	if tag == "OS_2":
		return "OS/2"
	if len(tag) == 8:
		return identifier2tag(tag)
	else:
		return tag + " " * (4 - len(tag))
	return tag


def debugmsg(msg):
	import time
	print msg + time.strftime("  (%H:%M:%S)", time.localtime(time.time()))