1//===-- X86DisassemblerDecoder.c - Disassembler decoder -------------------===// 2// 3// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure 4// 5// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source 6// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details. 7// 8//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 9// 10// This file is part of the X86 Disassembler. 11// It contains the implementation of the instruction decoder. 12// Documentation for the disassembler can be found in X86Disassembler.h. 13// 14//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 15 16#include <stdarg.h> /* for va_*() */ 17#include <stdio.h> /* for vsnprintf() */ 18#include <stdlib.h> /* for exit() */ 19#include <string.h> /* for memset() */ 20 21#include "X86DisassemblerDecoder.h" 22 23using namespace llvm::X86Disassembler; 24 25/// Specifies whether a ModR/M byte is needed and (if so) which 26/// instruction each possible value of the ModR/M byte corresponds to. Once 27/// this information is known, we have narrowed down to a single instruction. 28struct ModRMDecision { 29 uint8_t modrm_type; 30 uint16_t instructionIDs; 31}; 32 33/// Specifies which set of ModR/M->instruction tables to look at 34/// given a particular opcode. 35struct OpcodeDecision { 36 ModRMDecision modRMDecisions[256]; 37}; 38 39/// Specifies which opcode->instruction tables to look at given 40/// a particular context (set of attributes). Since there are many possible 41/// contexts, the decoder first uses CONTEXTS_SYM to determine which context 42/// applies given a specific set of attributes. Hence there are only IC_max 43/// entries in this table, rather than 2^(ATTR_max). 44struct ContextDecision { 45 OpcodeDecision opcodeDecisions[IC_max]; 46}; 47 48#include "X86GenDisassemblerTables.inc" 49 50#ifndef NDEBUG 51#define debug(s) do { Debug(__FILE__, __LINE__, s); } while (0) 52#else 53#define debug(s) do { } while (0) 54#endif 55 56 57/* 58 * contextForAttrs - Client for the instruction context table. Takes a set of 59 * attributes and returns the appropriate decode context. 60 * 61 * @param attrMask - Attributes, from the enumeration attributeBits. 62 * @return - The InstructionContext to use when looking up an 63 * an instruction with these attributes. 64 */ 65static InstructionContext contextForAttrs(uint16_t attrMask) { 66 return static_cast<InstructionContext>(CONTEXTS_SYM[attrMask]); 67} 68 69/* 70 * modRMRequired - Reads the appropriate instruction table to determine whether 71 * the ModR/M byte is required to decode a particular instruction. 72 * 73 * @param type - The opcode type (i.e., how many bytes it has). 74 * @param insnContext - The context for the instruction, as returned by 75 * contextForAttrs. 76 * @param opcode - The last byte of the instruction's opcode, not counting 77 * ModR/M extensions and escapes. 78 * @return - true if the ModR/M byte is required, false otherwise. 79 */ 80static int modRMRequired(OpcodeType type, 81 InstructionContext insnContext, 82 uint16_t opcode) { 83 const struct ContextDecision* decision = nullptr; 84 85 switch (type) { 86 case ONEBYTE: 87 decision = &ONEBYTE_SYM; 88 break; 89 case TWOBYTE: 90 decision = &TWOBYTE_SYM; 91 break; 92 case THREEBYTE_38: 93 decision = &THREEBYTE38_SYM; 94 break; 95 case THREEBYTE_3A: 96 decision = &THREEBYTE3A_SYM; 97 break; 98 case XOP8_MAP: 99 decision = &XOP8_MAP_SYM; 100 break; 101 case XOP9_MAP: 102 decision = &XOP9_MAP_SYM; 103 break; 104 case XOPA_MAP: 105 decision = &XOPA_MAP_SYM; 106 break; 107 } 108 109 return decision->opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]. 110 modrm_type != MODRM_ONEENTRY; 111} 112 113/* 114 * decode - Reads the appropriate instruction table to obtain the unique ID of 115 * an instruction. 116 * 117 * @param type - See modRMRequired(). 118 * @param insnContext - See modRMRequired(). 119 * @param opcode - See modRMRequired(). 120 * @param modRM - The ModR/M byte if required, or any value if not. 121 * @return - The UID of the instruction, or 0 on failure. 122 */ 123static InstrUID decode(OpcodeType type, 124 InstructionContext insnContext, 125 uint8_t opcode, 126 uint8_t modRM) { 127 const struct ModRMDecision* dec = nullptr; 128 129 switch (type) { 130 case ONEBYTE: 131 dec = &ONEBYTE_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 132 break; 133 case TWOBYTE: 134 dec = &TWOBYTE_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 135 break; 136 case THREEBYTE_38: 137 dec = &THREEBYTE38_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 138 break; 139 case THREEBYTE_3A: 140 dec = &THREEBYTE3A_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 141 break; 142 case XOP8_MAP: 143 dec = &XOP8_MAP_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 144 break; 145 case XOP9_MAP: 146 dec = &XOP9_MAP_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 147 break; 148 case XOPA_MAP: 149 dec = &XOPA_MAP_SYM.opcodeDecisions[insnContext].modRMDecisions[opcode]; 150 break; 151 } 152 153 switch (dec->modrm_type) { 154 default: 155 debug("Corrupt table! Unknown modrm_type"); 156 return 0; 157 case MODRM_ONEENTRY: 158 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs]; 159 case MODRM_SPLITRM: 160 if (modFromModRM(modRM) == 0x3) 161 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs+1]; 162 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs]; 163 case MODRM_SPLITREG: 164 if (modFromModRM(modRM) == 0x3) 165 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs+((modRM & 0x38) >> 3)+8]; 166 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs+((modRM & 0x38) >> 3)]; 167 case MODRM_SPLITMISC: 168 if (modFromModRM(modRM) == 0x3) 169 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs+(modRM & 0x3f)+8]; 170 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs+((modRM & 0x38) >> 3)]; 171 case MODRM_FULL: 172 return modRMTable[dec->instructionIDs+modRM]; 173 } 174} 175 176/* 177 * specifierForUID - Given a UID, returns the name and operand specification for 178 * that instruction. 179 * 180 * @param uid - The unique ID for the instruction. This should be returned by 181 * decode(); specifierForUID will not check bounds. 182 * @return - A pointer to the specification for that instruction. 183 */ 184static const struct InstructionSpecifier *specifierForUID(InstrUID uid) { 185 return &INSTRUCTIONS_SYM[uid]; 186} 187 188/* 189 * consumeByte - Uses the reader function provided by the user to consume one 190 * byte from the instruction's memory and advance the cursor. 191 * 192 * @param insn - The instruction with the reader function to use. The cursor 193 * for this instruction is advanced. 194 * @param byte - A pointer to a pre-allocated memory buffer to be populated 195 * with the data read. 196 * @return - 0 if the read was successful; nonzero otherwise. 197 */ 198static int consumeByte(struct InternalInstruction* insn, uint8_t* byte) { 199 int ret = insn->reader(insn->readerArg, byte, insn->readerCursor); 200 201 if (!ret) 202 ++(insn->readerCursor); 203 204 return ret; 205} 206 207/* 208 * lookAtByte - Like consumeByte, but does not advance the cursor. 209 * 210 * @param insn - See consumeByte(). 211 * @param byte - See consumeByte(). 212 * @return - See consumeByte(). 213 */ 214static int lookAtByte(struct InternalInstruction* insn, uint8_t* byte) { 215 return insn->reader(insn->readerArg, byte, insn->readerCursor); 216} 217 218static void unconsumeByte(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 219 insn->readerCursor--; 220} 221 222#define CONSUME_FUNC(name, type) \ 223 static int name(struct InternalInstruction* insn, type* ptr) { \ 224 type combined = 0; \ 225 unsigned offset; \ 226 for (offset = 0; offset < sizeof(type); ++offset) { \ 227 uint8_t byte; \ 228 int ret = insn->reader(insn->readerArg, \ 229 &byte, \ 230 insn->readerCursor + offset); \ 231 if (ret) \ 232 return ret; \ 233 combined = combined | ((uint64_t)byte << (offset * 8)); \ 234 } \ 235 *ptr = combined; \ 236 insn->readerCursor += sizeof(type); \ 237 return 0; \ 238 } 239 240/* 241 * consume* - Use the reader function provided by the user to consume data 242 * values of various sizes from the instruction's memory and advance the 243 * cursor appropriately. These readers perform endian conversion. 244 * 245 * @param insn - See consumeByte(). 246 * @param ptr - A pointer to a pre-allocated memory of appropriate size to 247 * be populated with the data read. 248 * @return - See consumeByte(). 249 */ 250CONSUME_FUNC(consumeInt8, int8_t) 251CONSUME_FUNC(consumeInt16, int16_t) 252CONSUME_FUNC(consumeInt32, int32_t) 253CONSUME_FUNC(consumeUInt16, uint16_t) 254CONSUME_FUNC(consumeUInt32, uint32_t) 255CONSUME_FUNC(consumeUInt64, uint64_t) 256 257/* 258 * dbgprintf - Uses the logging function provided by the user to log a single 259 * message, typically without a carriage-return. 260 * 261 * @param insn - The instruction containing the logging function. 262 * @param format - See printf(). 263 * @param ... - See printf(). 264 */ 265static void dbgprintf(struct InternalInstruction* insn, 266 const char* format, 267 ...) { 268 char buffer[256]; 269 va_list ap; 270 271 if (!insn->dlog) 272 return; 273 274 va_start(ap, format); 275 (void)vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, ap); 276 va_end(ap); 277 278 insn->dlog(insn->dlogArg, buffer); 279 280 return; 281} 282 283/* 284 * setPrefixPresent - Marks that a particular prefix is present at a particular 285 * location. 286 * 287 * @param insn - The instruction to be marked as having the prefix. 288 * @param prefix - The prefix that is present. 289 * @param location - The location where the prefix is located (in the address 290 * space of the instruction's reader). 291 */ 292static void setPrefixPresent(struct InternalInstruction* insn, 293 uint8_t prefix, 294 uint64_t location) 295{ 296 insn->prefixPresent[prefix] = 1; 297 insn->prefixLocations[prefix] = location; 298} 299 300/* 301 * isPrefixAtLocation - Queries an instruction to determine whether a prefix is 302 * present at a given location. 303 * 304 * @param insn - The instruction to be queried. 305 * @param prefix - The prefix. 306 * @param location - The location to query. 307 * @return - Whether the prefix is at that location. 308 */ 309static bool isPrefixAtLocation(struct InternalInstruction* insn, 310 uint8_t prefix, 311 uint64_t location) 312{ 313 if (insn->prefixPresent[prefix] == 1 && 314 insn->prefixLocations[prefix] == location) 315 return true; 316 else 317 return false; 318} 319 320/* 321 * readPrefixes - Consumes all of an instruction's prefix bytes, and marks the 322 * instruction as having them. Also sets the instruction's default operand, 323 * address, and other relevant data sizes to report operands correctly. 324 * 325 * @param insn - The instruction whose prefixes are to be read. 326 * @return - 0 if the instruction could be read until the end of the prefix 327 * bytes, and no prefixes conflicted; nonzero otherwise. 328 */ 329static int readPrefixes(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 330 bool isPrefix = true; 331 bool prefixGroups[4] = { false }; 332 uint64_t prefixLocation; 333 uint8_t byte = 0; 334 uint8_t nextByte; 335 336 bool hasAdSize = false; 337 bool hasOpSize = false; 338 339 dbgprintf(insn, "readPrefixes()"); 340 341 while (isPrefix) { 342 prefixLocation = insn->readerCursor; 343 344 /* If we fail reading prefixes, just stop here and let the opcode reader deal with it */ 345 if (consumeByte(insn, &byte)) 346 break; 347 348 /* 349 * If the byte is a LOCK/REP/REPNE prefix and not a part of the opcode, then 350 * break and let it be disassembled as a normal "instruction". 351 */ 352 if (insn->readerCursor - 1 == insn->startLocation && byte == 0xf0) 353 break; 354 355 if (insn->readerCursor - 1 == insn->startLocation 356 && (byte == 0xf2 || byte == 0xf3) 357 && !lookAtByte(insn, &nextByte)) 358 { 359 /* 360 * If the byte is 0xf2 or 0xf3, and any of the following conditions are 361 * met: 362 * - it is followed by a LOCK (0xf0) prefix 363 * - it is followed by an xchg instruction 364 * then it should be disassembled as a xacquire/xrelease not repne/rep. 365 */ 366 if ((byte == 0xf2 || byte == 0xf3) && 367 ((nextByte == 0xf0) | 368 ((nextByte & 0xfe) == 0x86 || (nextByte & 0xf8) == 0x90))) 369 insn->xAcquireRelease = true; 370 /* 371 * Also if the byte is 0xf3, and the following condition is met: 372 * - it is followed by a "mov mem, reg" (opcode 0x88/0x89) or 373 * "mov mem, imm" (opcode 0xc6/0xc7) instructions. 374 * then it should be disassembled as an xrelease not rep. 375 */ 376 if (byte == 0xf3 && 377 (nextByte == 0x88 || nextByte == 0x89 || 378 nextByte == 0xc6 || nextByte == 0xc7)) 379 insn->xAcquireRelease = true; 380 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT && (nextByte & 0xf0) == 0x40) { 381 if (consumeByte(insn, &nextByte)) 382 return -1; 383 if (lookAtByte(insn, &nextByte)) 384 return -1; 385 unconsumeByte(insn); 386 } 387 if (nextByte != 0x0f && nextByte != 0x90) 388 break; 389 } 390 391 switch (byte) { 392 case 0xf0: /* LOCK */ 393 case 0xf2: /* REPNE/REPNZ */ 394 case 0xf3: /* REP or REPE/REPZ */ 395 if (prefixGroups[0]) 396 dbgprintf(insn, "Redundant Group 1 prefix"); 397 prefixGroups[0] = true; 398 setPrefixPresent(insn, byte, prefixLocation); 399 break; 400 case 0x2e: /* CS segment override -OR- Branch not taken */ 401 case 0x36: /* SS segment override -OR- Branch taken */ 402 case 0x3e: /* DS segment override */ 403 case 0x26: /* ES segment override */ 404 case 0x64: /* FS segment override */ 405 case 0x65: /* GS segment override */ 406 switch (byte) { 407 case 0x2e: 408 insn->segmentOverride = SEG_OVERRIDE_CS; 409 break; 410 case 0x36: 411 insn->segmentOverride = SEG_OVERRIDE_SS; 412 break; 413 case 0x3e: 414 insn->segmentOverride = SEG_OVERRIDE_DS; 415 break; 416 case 0x26: 417 insn->segmentOverride = SEG_OVERRIDE_ES; 418 break; 419 case 0x64: 420 insn->segmentOverride = SEG_OVERRIDE_FS; 421 break; 422 case 0x65: 423 insn->segmentOverride = SEG_OVERRIDE_GS; 424 break; 425 default: 426 debug("Unhandled override"); 427 return -1; 428 } 429 if (prefixGroups[1]) 430 dbgprintf(insn, "Redundant Group 2 prefix"); 431 prefixGroups[1] = true; 432 setPrefixPresent(insn, byte, prefixLocation); 433 break; 434 case 0x66: /* Operand-size override */ 435 if (prefixGroups[2]) 436 dbgprintf(insn, "Redundant Group 3 prefix"); 437 prefixGroups[2] = true; 438 hasOpSize = true; 439 setPrefixPresent(insn, byte, prefixLocation); 440 break; 441 case 0x67: /* Address-size override */ 442 if (prefixGroups[3]) 443 dbgprintf(insn, "Redundant Group 4 prefix"); 444 prefixGroups[3] = true; 445 hasAdSize = true; 446 setPrefixPresent(insn, byte, prefixLocation); 447 break; 448 default: /* Not a prefix byte */ 449 isPrefix = false; 450 break; 451 } 452 453 if (isPrefix) 454 dbgprintf(insn, "Found prefix 0x%hhx", byte); 455 } 456 457 insn->vectorExtensionType = TYPE_NO_VEX_XOP; 458 459 if (byte == 0x62) { 460 uint8_t byte1, byte2; 461 462 if (consumeByte(insn, &byte1)) { 463 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read second byte of EVEX prefix"); 464 return -1; 465 } 466 467 if (lookAtByte(insn, &byte2)) { 468 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read third byte of EVEX prefix"); 469 return -1; 470 } 471 472 if ((insn->mode == MODE_64BIT || (byte1 & 0xc0) == 0xc0) && 473 ((~byte1 & 0xc) == 0xc) && ((byte2 & 0x4) == 0x4)) { 474 insn->vectorExtensionType = TYPE_EVEX; 475 } 476 else { 477 unconsumeByte(insn); /* unconsume byte1 */ 478 unconsumeByte(insn); /* unconsume byte */ 479 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 2; 480 } 481 482 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) { 483 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0] = byte; 484 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1] = byte1; 485 if (consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) { 486 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read third byte of EVEX prefix"); 487 return -1; 488 } 489 if (consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])) { 490 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read fourth byte of EVEX prefix"); 491 return -1; 492 } 493 494 /* We simulate the REX prefix for simplicity's sake */ 495 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) { 496 insn->rexPrefix = 0x40 497 | (wFromEVEX3of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]) << 3) 498 | (rFromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 2) 499 | (xFromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 1) 500 | (bFromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 0); 501 } 502 503 dbgprintf(insn, "Found EVEX prefix 0x%hhx 0x%hhx 0x%hhx 0x%hhx", 504 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0], insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1], 505 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2], insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3]); 506 } 507 } 508 else if (byte == 0xc4) { 509 uint8_t byte1; 510 511 if (lookAtByte(insn, &byte1)) { 512 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read second byte of VEX"); 513 return -1; 514 } 515 516 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT || (byte1 & 0xc0) == 0xc0) { 517 insn->vectorExtensionType = TYPE_VEX_3B; 518 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 1; 519 } 520 else { 521 unconsumeByte(insn); 522 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 1; 523 } 524 525 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_3B) { 526 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0] = byte; 527 consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]); 528 consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]); 529 530 /* We simulate the REX prefix for simplicity's sake */ 531 532 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) { 533 insn->rexPrefix = 0x40 534 | (wFromVEX3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]) << 3) 535 | (rFromVEX2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 2) 536 | (xFromVEX2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 1) 537 | (bFromVEX2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 0); 538 } 539 540 dbgprintf(insn, "Found VEX prefix 0x%hhx 0x%hhx 0x%hhx", 541 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0], insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1], 542 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]); 543 } 544 } 545 else if (byte == 0xc5) { 546 uint8_t byte1; 547 548 if (lookAtByte(insn, &byte1)) { 549 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read second byte of VEX"); 550 return -1; 551 } 552 553 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT || (byte1 & 0xc0) == 0xc0) { 554 insn->vectorExtensionType = TYPE_VEX_2B; 555 } 556 else { 557 unconsumeByte(insn); 558 } 559 560 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_2B) { 561 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0] = byte; 562 consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]); 563 564 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) { 565 insn->rexPrefix = 0x40 566 | (rFromVEX2of2(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 2); 567 } 568 569 switch (ppFromVEX2of2(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])) 570 { 571 default: 572 break; 573 case VEX_PREFIX_66: 574 hasOpSize = true; 575 break; 576 } 577 578 dbgprintf(insn, "Found VEX prefix 0x%hhx 0x%hhx", 579 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0], 580 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]); 581 } 582 } 583 else if (byte == 0x8f) { 584 uint8_t byte1; 585 586 if (lookAtByte(insn, &byte1)) { 587 dbgprintf(insn, "Couldn't read second byte of XOP"); 588 return -1; 589 } 590 591 if ((byte1 & 0x38) != 0x0) { /* 0 in these 3 bits is a POP instruction. */ 592 insn->vectorExtensionType = TYPE_XOP; 593 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 1; 594 } 595 else { 596 unconsumeByte(insn); 597 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 1; 598 } 599 600 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_XOP) { 601 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0] = byte; 602 consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]); 603 consumeByte(insn, &insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]); 604 605 /* We simulate the REX prefix for simplicity's sake */ 606 607 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) { 608 insn->rexPrefix = 0x40 609 | (wFromXOP3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]) << 3) 610 | (rFromXOP2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 2) 611 | (xFromXOP2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 1) 612 | (bFromXOP2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 0); 613 } 614 615 switch (ppFromXOP3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) 616 { 617 default: 618 break; 619 case VEX_PREFIX_66: 620 hasOpSize = true; 621 break; 622 } 623 624 dbgprintf(insn, "Found XOP prefix 0x%hhx 0x%hhx 0x%hhx", 625 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[0], insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1], 626 insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]); 627 } 628 } 629 else { 630 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) { 631 if ((byte & 0xf0) == 0x40) { 632 uint8_t opcodeByte; 633 634 if (lookAtByte(insn, &opcodeByte) || ((opcodeByte & 0xf0) == 0x40)) { 635 dbgprintf(insn, "Redundant REX prefix"); 636 return -1; 637 } 638 639 insn->rexPrefix = byte; 640 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 2; 641 642 dbgprintf(insn, "Found REX prefix 0x%hhx", byte); 643 } else { 644 unconsumeByte(insn); 645 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 1; 646 } 647 } else { 648 unconsumeByte(insn); 649 insn->necessaryPrefixLocation = insn->readerCursor - 1; 650 } 651 } 652 653 if (insn->mode == MODE_16BIT) { 654 insn->registerSize = (hasOpSize ? 4 : 2); 655 insn->addressSize = (hasAdSize ? 4 : 2); 656 insn->displacementSize = (hasAdSize ? 4 : 2); 657 insn->immediateSize = (hasOpSize ? 4 : 2); 658 } else if (insn->mode == MODE_32BIT) { 659 insn->registerSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 660 insn->addressSize = (hasAdSize ? 2 : 4); 661 insn->displacementSize = (hasAdSize ? 2 : 4); 662 insn->immediateSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 663 } else if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) { 664 if (insn->rexPrefix && wFromREX(insn->rexPrefix)) { 665 insn->registerSize = 8; 666 insn->addressSize = (hasAdSize ? 4 : 8); 667 insn->displacementSize = 4; 668 insn->immediateSize = 4; 669 } else if (insn->rexPrefix) { 670 insn->registerSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 671 insn->addressSize = (hasAdSize ? 4 : 8); 672 insn->displacementSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 673 insn->immediateSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 674 } else { 675 insn->registerSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 676 insn->addressSize = (hasAdSize ? 4 : 8); 677 insn->displacementSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 678 insn->immediateSize = (hasOpSize ? 2 : 4); 679 } 680 } 681 682 return 0; 683} 684 685/* 686 * readOpcode - Reads the opcode (excepting the ModR/M byte in the case of 687 * extended or escape opcodes). 688 * 689 * @param insn - The instruction whose opcode is to be read. 690 * @return - 0 if the opcode could be read successfully; nonzero otherwise. 691 */ 692static int readOpcode(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 693 /* Determine the length of the primary opcode */ 694 695 uint8_t current; 696 697 dbgprintf(insn, "readOpcode()"); 698 699 insn->opcodeType = ONEBYTE; 700 701 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) 702 { 703 switch (mmFromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])) { 704 default: 705 dbgprintf(insn, "Unhandled mm field for instruction (0x%hhx)", 706 mmFromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])); 707 return -1; 708 case VEX_LOB_0F: 709 insn->opcodeType = TWOBYTE; 710 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 711 case VEX_LOB_0F38: 712 insn->opcodeType = THREEBYTE_38; 713 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 714 case VEX_LOB_0F3A: 715 insn->opcodeType = THREEBYTE_3A; 716 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 717 } 718 } 719 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_3B) { 720 switch (mmmmmFromVEX2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])) { 721 default: 722 dbgprintf(insn, "Unhandled m-mmmm field for instruction (0x%hhx)", 723 mmmmmFromVEX2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])); 724 return -1; 725 case VEX_LOB_0F: 726 insn->opcodeType = TWOBYTE; 727 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 728 case VEX_LOB_0F38: 729 insn->opcodeType = THREEBYTE_38; 730 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 731 case VEX_LOB_0F3A: 732 insn->opcodeType = THREEBYTE_3A; 733 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 734 } 735 } 736 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_2B) { 737 insn->opcodeType = TWOBYTE; 738 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 739 } 740 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_XOP) { 741 switch (mmmmmFromXOP2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])) { 742 default: 743 dbgprintf(insn, "Unhandled m-mmmm field for instruction (0x%hhx)", 744 mmmmmFromVEX2of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])); 745 return -1; 746 case XOP_MAP_SELECT_8: 747 insn->opcodeType = XOP8_MAP; 748 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 749 case XOP_MAP_SELECT_9: 750 insn->opcodeType = XOP9_MAP; 751 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 752 case XOP_MAP_SELECT_A: 753 insn->opcodeType = XOPA_MAP; 754 return consumeByte(insn, &insn->opcode); 755 } 756 } 757 758 if (consumeByte(insn, ¤t)) 759 return -1; 760 761 if (current == 0x0f) { 762 dbgprintf(insn, "Found a two-byte escape prefix (0x%hhx)", current); 763 764 if (consumeByte(insn, ¤t)) 765 return -1; 766 767 if (current == 0x38) { 768 dbgprintf(insn, "Found a three-byte escape prefix (0x%hhx)", current); 769 770 if (consumeByte(insn, ¤t)) 771 return -1; 772 773 insn->opcodeType = THREEBYTE_38; 774 } else if (current == 0x3a) { 775 dbgprintf(insn, "Found a three-byte escape prefix (0x%hhx)", current); 776 777 if (consumeByte(insn, ¤t)) 778 return -1; 779 780 insn->opcodeType = THREEBYTE_3A; 781 } else { 782 dbgprintf(insn, "Didn't find a three-byte escape prefix"); 783 784 insn->opcodeType = TWOBYTE; 785 } 786 } 787 788 /* 789 * At this point we have consumed the full opcode. 790 * Anything we consume from here on must be unconsumed. 791 */ 792 793 insn->opcode = current; 794 795 return 0; 796} 797 798static int readModRM(struct InternalInstruction* insn); 799 800/* 801 * getIDWithAttrMask - Determines the ID of an instruction, consuming 802 * the ModR/M byte as appropriate for extended and escape opcodes, 803 * and using a supplied attribute mask. 804 * 805 * @param instructionID - A pointer whose target is filled in with the ID of the 806 * instruction. 807 * @param insn - The instruction whose ID is to be determined. 808 * @param attrMask - The attribute mask to search. 809 * @return - 0 if the ModR/M could be read when needed or was not 810 * needed; nonzero otherwise. 811 */ 812static int getIDWithAttrMask(uint16_t* instructionID, 813 struct InternalInstruction* insn, 814 uint16_t attrMask) { 815 bool hasModRMExtension; 816 817 InstructionContext instructionClass = contextForAttrs(attrMask); 818 819 hasModRMExtension = modRMRequired(insn->opcodeType, 820 instructionClass, 821 insn->opcode); 822 823 if (hasModRMExtension) { 824 if (readModRM(insn)) 825 return -1; 826 827 *instructionID = decode(insn->opcodeType, 828 instructionClass, 829 insn->opcode, 830 insn->modRM); 831 } else { 832 *instructionID = decode(insn->opcodeType, 833 instructionClass, 834 insn->opcode, 835 0); 836 } 837 838 return 0; 839} 840 841/* 842 * is16BitEquivalent - Determines whether two instruction names refer to 843 * equivalent instructions but one is 16-bit whereas the other is not. 844 * 845 * @param orig - The instruction that is not 16-bit 846 * @param equiv - The instruction that is 16-bit 847 */ 848static bool is16BitEquivalent(const char* orig, const char* equiv) { 849 off_t i; 850 851 for (i = 0;; i++) { 852 if (orig[i] == '\0' && equiv[i] == '\0') 853 return true; 854 if (orig[i] == '\0' || equiv[i] == '\0') 855 return false; 856 if (orig[i] != equiv[i]) { 857 if ((orig[i] == 'Q' || orig[i] == 'L') && equiv[i] == 'W') 858 continue; 859 if ((orig[i] == '6' || orig[i] == '3') && equiv[i] == '1') 860 continue; 861 if ((orig[i] == '4' || orig[i] == '2') && equiv[i] == '6') 862 continue; 863 return false; 864 } 865 } 866} 867 868/* 869 * getID - Determines the ID of an instruction, consuming the ModR/M byte as 870 * appropriate for extended and escape opcodes. Determines the attributes and 871 * context for the instruction before doing so. 872 * 873 * @param insn - The instruction whose ID is to be determined. 874 * @return - 0 if the ModR/M could be read when needed or was not needed; 875 * nonzero otherwise. 876 */ 877static int getID(struct InternalInstruction* insn, const void *miiArg) { 878 uint16_t attrMask; 879 uint16_t instructionID; 880 881 dbgprintf(insn, "getID()"); 882 883 attrMask = ATTR_NONE; 884 885 if (insn->mode == MODE_64BIT) 886 attrMask |= ATTR_64BIT; 887 888 if (insn->vectorExtensionType != TYPE_NO_VEX_XOP) { 889 attrMask |= (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) ? ATTR_EVEX : ATTR_VEX; 890 891 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) { 892 switch (ppFromEVEX3of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) { 893 case VEX_PREFIX_66: 894 attrMask |= ATTR_OPSIZE; 895 break; 896 case VEX_PREFIX_F3: 897 attrMask |= ATTR_XS; 898 break; 899 case VEX_PREFIX_F2: 900 attrMask |= ATTR_XD; 901 break; 902 } 903 904 if (zFromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])) 905 attrMask |= ATTR_EVEXKZ; 906 if (bFromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])) 907 attrMask |= ATTR_EVEXB; 908 if (aaaFromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])) 909 attrMask |= ATTR_EVEXK; 910 if (lFromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])) 911 attrMask |= ATTR_EVEXL; 912 if (l2FromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])) 913 attrMask |= ATTR_EVEXL2; 914 } 915 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_3B) { 916 switch (ppFromVEX3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) { 917 case VEX_PREFIX_66: 918 attrMask |= ATTR_OPSIZE; 919 break; 920 case VEX_PREFIX_F3: 921 attrMask |= ATTR_XS; 922 break; 923 case VEX_PREFIX_F2: 924 attrMask |= ATTR_XD; 925 break; 926 } 927 928 if (lFromVEX3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) 929 attrMask |= ATTR_VEXL; 930 } 931 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_2B) { 932 switch (ppFromVEX2of2(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])) { 933 case VEX_PREFIX_66: 934 attrMask |= ATTR_OPSIZE; 935 break; 936 case VEX_PREFIX_F3: 937 attrMask |= ATTR_XS; 938 break; 939 case VEX_PREFIX_F2: 940 attrMask |= ATTR_XD; 941 break; 942 } 943 944 if (lFromVEX2of2(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1])) 945 attrMask |= ATTR_VEXL; 946 } 947 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_XOP) { 948 switch (ppFromXOP3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) { 949 case VEX_PREFIX_66: 950 attrMask |= ATTR_OPSIZE; 951 break; 952 case VEX_PREFIX_F3: 953 attrMask |= ATTR_XS; 954 break; 955 case VEX_PREFIX_F2: 956 attrMask |= ATTR_XD; 957 break; 958 } 959 960 if (lFromXOP3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])) 961 attrMask |= ATTR_VEXL; 962 } 963 else { 964 return -1; 965 } 966 } 967 else { 968 if (insn->mode != MODE_16BIT && isPrefixAtLocation(insn, 0x66, insn->necessaryPrefixLocation)) 969 attrMask |= ATTR_OPSIZE; 970 else if (isPrefixAtLocation(insn, 0x67, insn->necessaryPrefixLocation)) 971 attrMask |= ATTR_ADSIZE; 972 else if (isPrefixAtLocation(insn, 0xf3, insn->necessaryPrefixLocation)) 973 attrMask |= ATTR_XS; 974 else if (isPrefixAtLocation(insn, 0xf2, insn->necessaryPrefixLocation)) 975 attrMask |= ATTR_XD; 976 } 977 978 if (insn->rexPrefix & 0x08) 979 attrMask |= ATTR_REXW; 980 981 if (getIDWithAttrMask(&instructionID, insn, attrMask)) 982 return -1; 983 984 /* 985 * JCXZ/JECXZ need special handling for 16-bit mode because the meaning 986 * of the AdSize prefix is inverted w.r.t. 32-bit mode. 987 */ 988 if (insn->mode == MODE_16BIT && insn->opcode == 0xE3) { 989 const struct InstructionSpecifier *spec; 990 spec = specifierForUID(instructionID); 991 992 /* 993 * Check for Ii8PCRel instructions. We could alternatively do a 994 * string-compare on the names, but this is probably cheaper. 995 */ 996 if (x86OperandSets[spec->operands][0].type == TYPE_REL8) { 997 attrMask ^= ATTR_ADSIZE; 998 if (getIDWithAttrMask(&instructionID, insn, attrMask)) 999 return -1; 1000 } 1001 } 1002 1003 /* The following clauses compensate for limitations of the tables. */ 1004 1005 if ((insn->mode == MODE_16BIT || insn->prefixPresent[0x66]) && 1006 !(attrMask & ATTR_OPSIZE)) { 1007 /* 1008 * The instruction tables make no distinction between instructions that 1009 * allow OpSize anywhere (i.e., 16-bit operations) and that need it in a 1010 * particular spot (i.e., many MMX operations). In general we're 1011 * conservative, but in the specific case where OpSize is present but not 1012 * in the right place we check if there's a 16-bit operation. 1013 */ 1014 1015 const struct InstructionSpecifier *spec; 1016 uint16_t instructionIDWithOpsize; 1017 const char *specName, *specWithOpSizeName; 1018 1019 spec = specifierForUID(instructionID); 1020 1021 if (getIDWithAttrMask(&instructionIDWithOpsize, 1022 insn, 1023 attrMask | ATTR_OPSIZE)) { 1024 /* 1025 * ModRM required with OpSize but not present; give up and return version 1026 * without OpSize set 1027 */ 1028 1029 insn->instructionID = instructionID; 1030 insn->spec = spec; 1031 return 0; 1032 } 1033 1034 specName = GetInstrName(instructionID, miiArg); 1035 specWithOpSizeName = GetInstrName(instructionIDWithOpsize, miiArg); 1036 1037 if (is16BitEquivalent(specName, specWithOpSizeName) && 1038 (insn->mode == MODE_16BIT) ^ insn->prefixPresent[0x66]) { 1039 insn->instructionID = instructionIDWithOpsize; 1040 insn->spec = specifierForUID(instructionIDWithOpsize); 1041 } else { 1042 insn->instructionID = instructionID; 1043 insn->spec = spec; 1044 } 1045 return 0; 1046 } 1047 1048 if (insn->opcodeType == ONEBYTE && insn->opcode == 0x90 && 1049 insn->rexPrefix & 0x01) { 1050 /* 1051 * NOOP shouldn't decode as NOOP if REX.b is set. Instead 1052 * it should decode as XCHG %r8, %eax. 1053 */ 1054 1055 const struct InstructionSpecifier *spec; 1056 uint16_t instructionIDWithNewOpcode; 1057 const struct InstructionSpecifier *specWithNewOpcode; 1058 1059 spec = specifierForUID(instructionID); 1060 1061 /* Borrow opcode from one of the other XCHGar opcodes */ 1062 insn->opcode = 0x91; 1063 1064 if (getIDWithAttrMask(&instructionIDWithNewOpcode, 1065 insn, 1066 attrMask)) { 1067 insn->opcode = 0x90; 1068 1069 insn->instructionID = instructionID; 1070 insn->spec = spec; 1071 return 0; 1072 } 1073 1074 specWithNewOpcode = specifierForUID(instructionIDWithNewOpcode); 1075 1076 /* Change back */ 1077 insn->opcode = 0x90; 1078 1079 insn->instructionID = instructionIDWithNewOpcode; 1080 insn->spec = specWithNewOpcode; 1081 1082 return 0; 1083 } 1084 1085 insn->instructionID = instructionID; 1086 insn->spec = specifierForUID(insn->instructionID); 1087 1088 return 0; 1089} 1090 1091/* 1092 * readSIB - Consumes the SIB byte to determine addressing information for an 1093 * instruction. 1094 * 1095 * @param insn - The instruction whose SIB byte is to be read. 1096 * @return - 0 if the SIB byte was successfully read; nonzero otherwise. 1097 */ 1098static int readSIB(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 1099 SIBIndex sibIndexBase = SIB_INDEX_NONE; 1100 SIBBase sibBaseBase = SIB_BASE_NONE; 1101 uint8_t index, base; 1102 1103 dbgprintf(insn, "readSIB()"); 1104 1105 if (insn->consumedSIB) 1106 return 0; 1107 1108 insn->consumedSIB = true; 1109 1110 switch (insn->addressSize) { 1111 case 2: 1112 dbgprintf(insn, "SIB-based addressing doesn't work in 16-bit mode"); 1113 return -1; 1114 case 4: 1115 sibIndexBase = SIB_INDEX_EAX; 1116 sibBaseBase = SIB_BASE_EAX; 1117 break; 1118 case 8: 1119 sibIndexBase = SIB_INDEX_RAX; 1120 sibBaseBase = SIB_BASE_RAX; 1121 break; 1122 } 1123 1124 if (consumeByte(insn, &insn->sib)) 1125 return -1; 1126 1127 index = indexFromSIB(insn->sib) | (xFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3); 1128 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) 1129 index |= v2FromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3]) << 4; 1130 1131 switch (index) { 1132 case 0x4: 1133 insn->sibIndex = SIB_INDEX_NONE; 1134 break; 1135 default: 1136 insn->sibIndex = (SIBIndex)(sibIndexBase + index); 1137 if (insn->sibIndex == SIB_INDEX_sib || 1138 insn->sibIndex == SIB_INDEX_sib64) 1139 insn->sibIndex = SIB_INDEX_NONE; 1140 break; 1141 } 1142 1143 switch (scaleFromSIB(insn->sib)) { 1144 case 0: 1145 insn->sibScale = 1; 1146 break; 1147 case 1: 1148 insn->sibScale = 2; 1149 break; 1150 case 2: 1151 insn->sibScale = 4; 1152 break; 1153 case 3: 1154 insn->sibScale = 8; 1155 break; 1156 } 1157 1158 base = baseFromSIB(insn->sib) | (bFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3); 1159 1160 switch (base) { 1161 case 0x5: 1162 case 0xd: 1163 switch (modFromModRM(insn->modRM)) { 1164 case 0x0: 1165 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_32; 1166 insn->sibBase = SIB_BASE_NONE; 1167 break; 1168 case 0x1: 1169 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_8; 1170 insn->sibBase = (SIBBase)(sibBaseBase + base); 1171 break; 1172 case 0x2: 1173 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_32; 1174 insn->sibBase = (SIBBase)(sibBaseBase + base); 1175 break; 1176 case 0x3: 1177 debug("Cannot have Mod = 0b11 and a SIB byte"); 1178 return -1; 1179 } 1180 break; 1181 default: 1182 insn->sibBase = (SIBBase)(sibBaseBase + base); 1183 break; 1184 } 1185 1186 return 0; 1187} 1188 1189/* 1190 * readDisplacement - Consumes the displacement of an instruction. 1191 * 1192 * @param insn - The instruction whose displacement is to be read. 1193 * @return - 0 if the displacement byte was successfully read; nonzero 1194 * otherwise. 1195 */ 1196static int readDisplacement(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 1197 int8_t d8; 1198 int16_t d16; 1199 int32_t d32; 1200 1201 dbgprintf(insn, "readDisplacement()"); 1202 1203 if (insn->consumedDisplacement) 1204 return 0; 1205 1206 insn->consumedDisplacement = true; 1207 insn->displacementOffset = insn->readerCursor - insn->startLocation; 1208 1209 switch (insn->eaDisplacement) { 1210 case EA_DISP_NONE: 1211 insn->consumedDisplacement = false; 1212 break; 1213 case EA_DISP_8: 1214 if (consumeInt8(insn, &d8)) 1215 return -1; 1216 insn->displacement = d8; 1217 break; 1218 case EA_DISP_16: 1219 if (consumeInt16(insn, &d16)) 1220 return -1; 1221 insn->displacement = d16; 1222 break; 1223 case EA_DISP_32: 1224 if (consumeInt32(insn, &d32)) 1225 return -1; 1226 insn->displacement = d32; 1227 break; 1228 } 1229 1230 insn->consumedDisplacement = true; 1231 return 0; 1232} 1233 1234/* 1235 * readModRM - Consumes all addressing information (ModR/M byte, SIB byte, and 1236 * displacement) for an instruction and interprets it. 1237 * 1238 * @param insn - The instruction whose addressing information is to be read. 1239 * @return - 0 if the information was successfully read; nonzero otherwise. 1240 */ 1241static int readModRM(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 1242 uint8_t mod, rm, reg; 1243 1244 dbgprintf(insn, "readModRM()"); 1245 1246 if (insn->consumedModRM) 1247 return 0; 1248 1249 if (consumeByte(insn, &insn->modRM)) 1250 return -1; 1251 insn->consumedModRM = true; 1252 1253 mod = modFromModRM(insn->modRM); 1254 rm = rmFromModRM(insn->modRM); 1255 reg = regFromModRM(insn->modRM); 1256 1257 /* 1258 * This goes by insn->registerSize to pick the correct register, which messes 1259 * up if we're using (say) XMM or 8-bit register operands. That gets fixed in 1260 * fixupReg(). 1261 */ 1262 switch (insn->registerSize) { 1263 case 2: 1264 insn->regBase = MODRM_REG_AX; 1265 insn->eaRegBase = EA_REG_AX; 1266 break; 1267 case 4: 1268 insn->regBase = MODRM_REG_EAX; 1269 insn->eaRegBase = EA_REG_EAX; 1270 break; 1271 case 8: 1272 insn->regBase = MODRM_REG_RAX; 1273 insn->eaRegBase = EA_REG_RAX; 1274 break; 1275 } 1276 1277 reg |= rFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3; 1278 rm |= bFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3; 1279 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) { 1280 reg |= r2FromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 4; 1281 rm |= xFromEVEX2of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]) << 4; 1282 } 1283 1284 insn->reg = (Reg)(insn->regBase + reg); 1285 1286 switch (insn->addressSize) { 1287 case 2: 1288 insn->eaBaseBase = EA_BASE_BX_SI; 1289 1290 switch (mod) { 1291 case 0x0: 1292 if (rm == 0x6) { 1293 insn->eaBase = EA_BASE_NONE; 1294 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_16; 1295 if (readDisplacement(insn)) 1296 return -1; 1297 } else { 1298 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaBaseBase + rm); 1299 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_NONE; 1300 } 1301 break; 1302 case 0x1: 1303 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaBaseBase + rm); 1304 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_8; 1305 insn->displacementSize = 1; 1306 if (readDisplacement(insn)) 1307 return -1; 1308 break; 1309 case 0x2: 1310 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaBaseBase + rm); 1311 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_16; 1312 if (readDisplacement(insn)) 1313 return -1; 1314 break; 1315 case 0x3: 1316 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaRegBase + rm); 1317 if (readDisplacement(insn)) 1318 return -1; 1319 break; 1320 } 1321 break; 1322 case 4: 1323 case 8: 1324 insn->eaBaseBase = (insn->addressSize == 4 ? EA_BASE_EAX : EA_BASE_RAX); 1325 1326 switch (mod) { 1327 case 0x0: 1328 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_NONE; /* readSIB may override this */ 1329 switch (rm) { 1330 case 0x14: 1331 case 0x4: 1332 case 0xc: /* in case REXW.b is set */ 1333 insn->eaBase = (insn->addressSize == 4 ? 1334 EA_BASE_sib : EA_BASE_sib64); 1335 if (readSIB(insn) || readDisplacement(insn)) 1336 return -1; 1337 break; 1338 case 0x5: 1339 insn->eaBase = EA_BASE_NONE; 1340 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_32; 1341 if (readDisplacement(insn)) 1342 return -1; 1343 break; 1344 default: 1345 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaBaseBase + rm); 1346 break; 1347 } 1348 break; 1349 case 0x1: 1350 insn->displacementSize = 1; 1351 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 1352 case 0x2: 1353 insn->eaDisplacement = (mod == 0x1 ? EA_DISP_8 : EA_DISP_32); 1354 switch (rm) { 1355 case 0x14: 1356 case 0x4: 1357 case 0xc: /* in case REXW.b is set */ 1358 insn->eaBase = EA_BASE_sib; 1359 if (readSIB(insn) || readDisplacement(insn)) 1360 return -1; 1361 break; 1362 default: 1363 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaBaseBase + rm); 1364 if (readDisplacement(insn)) 1365 return -1; 1366 break; 1367 } 1368 break; 1369 case 0x3: 1370 insn->eaDisplacement = EA_DISP_NONE; 1371 insn->eaBase = (EABase)(insn->eaRegBase + rm); 1372 break; 1373 } 1374 break; 1375 } /* switch (insn->addressSize) */ 1376 1377 return 0; 1378} 1379 1380#define GENERIC_FIXUP_FUNC(name, base, prefix) \ 1381 static uint8_t name(struct InternalInstruction *insn, \ 1382 OperandType type, \ 1383 uint8_t index, \ 1384 uint8_t *valid) { \ 1385 *valid = 1; \ 1386 switch (type) { \ 1387 default: \ 1388 debug("Unhandled register type"); \ 1389 *valid = 0; \ 1390 return 0; \ 1391 case TYPE_Rv: \ 1392 return base + index; \ 1393 case TYPE_R8: \ 1394 if (insn->rexPrefix && \ 1395 index >= 4 && index <= 7) { \ 1396 return prefix##_SPL + (index - 4); \ 1397 } else { \ 1398 return prefix##_AL + index; \ 1399 } \ 1400 case TYPE_R16: \ 1401 return prefix##_AX + index; \ 1402 case TYPE_R32: \ 1403 return prefix##_EAX + index; \ 1404 case TYPE_R64: \ 1405 return prefix##_RAX + index; \ 1406 case TYPE_XMM512: \ 1407 return prefix##_ZMM0 + index; \ 1408 case TYPE_XMM256: \ 1409 return prefix##_YMM0 + index; \ 1410 case TYPE_XMM128: \ 1411 case TYPE_XMM64: \ 1412 case TYPE_XMM32: \ 1413 case TYPE_XMM: \ 1414 return prefix##_XMM0 + index; \ 1415 case TYPE_VK1: \ 1416 case TYPE_VK8: \ 1417 case TYPE_VK16: \ 1418 return prefix##_K0 + index; \ 1419 case TYPE_MM64: \ 1420 case TYPE_MM32: \ 1421 case TYPE_MM: \ 1422 if (index > 7) \ 1423 *valid = 0; \ 1424 return prefix##_MM0 + index; \ 1425 case TYPE_SEGMENTREG: \ 1426 if (index > 5) \ 1427 *valid = 0; \ 1428 return prefix##_ES + index; \ 1429 case TYPE_DEBUGREG: \ 1430 if (index > 7) \ 1431 *valid = 0; \ 1432 return prefix##_DR0 + index; \ 1433 case TYPE_CONTROLREG: \ 1434 if (index > 8) \ 1435 *valid = 0; \ 1436 return prefix##_CR0 + index; \ 1437 } \ 1438 } 1439 1440/* 1441 * fixup*Value - Consults an operand type to determine the meaning of the 1442 * reg or R/M field. If the operand is an XMM operand, for example, an 1443 * operand would be XMM0 instead of AX, which readModRM() would otherwise 1444 * misinterpret it as. 1445 * 1446 * @param insn - The instruction containing the operand. 1447 * @param type - The operand type. 1448 * @param index - The existing value of the field as reported by readModRM(). 1449 * @param valid - The address of a uint8_t. The target is set to 1 if the 1450 * field is valid for the register class; 0 if not. 1451 * @return - The proper value. 1452 */ 1453GENERIC_FIXUP_FUNC(fixupRegValue, insn->regBase, MODRM_REG) 1454GENERIC_FIXUP_FUNC(fixupRMValue, insn->eaRegBase, EA_REG) 1455 1456/* 1457 * fixupReg - Consults an operand specifier to determine which of the 1458 * fixup*Value functions to use in correcting readModRM()'ss interpretation. 1459 * 1460 * @param insn - See fixup*Value(). 1461 * @param op - The operand specifier. 1462 * @return - 0 if fixup was successful; -1 if the register returned was 1463 * invalid for its class. 1464 */ 1465static int fixupReg(struct InternalInstruction *insn, 1466 const struct OperandSpecifier *op) { 1467 uint8_t valid; 1468 1469 dbgprintf(insn, "fixupReg()"); 1470 1471 switch ((OperandEncoding)op->encoding) { 1472 default: 1473 debug("Expected a REG or R/M encoding in fixupReg"); 1474 return -1; 1475 case ENCODING_VVVV: 1476 insn->vvvv = (Reg)fixupRegValue(insn, 1477 (OperandType)op->type, 1478 insn->vvvv, 1479 &valid); 1480 if (!valid) 1481 return -1; 1482 break; 1483 case ENCODING_REG: 1484 insn->reg = (Reg)fixupRegValue(insn, 1485 (OperandType)op->type, 1486 insn->reg - insn->regBase, 1487 &valid); 1488 if (!valid) 1489 return -1; 1490 break; 1491 case ENCODING_RM: 1492 if (insn->eaBase >= insn->eaRegBase) { 1493 insn->eaBase = (EABase)fixupRMValue(insn, 1494 (OperandType)op->type, 1495 insn->eaBase - insn->eaRegBase, 1496 &valid); 1497 if (!valid) 1498 return -1; 1499 } 1500 break; 1501 } 1502 1503 return 0; 1504} 1505 1506/* 1507 * readOpcodeRegister - Reads an operand from the opcode field of an 1508 * instruction and interprets it appropriately given the operand width. 1509 * Handles AddRegFrm instructions. 1510 * 1511 * @param insn - the instruction whose opcode field is to be read. 1512 * @param size - The width (in bytes) of the register being specified. 1513 * 1 means AL and friends, 2 means AX, 4 means EAX, and 8 means 1514 * RAX. 1515 * @return - 0 on success; nonzero otherwise. 1516 */ 1517static int readOpcodeRegister(struct InternalInstruction* insn, uint8_t size) { 1518 dbgprintf(insn, "readOpcodeRegister()"); 1519 1520 if (size == 0) 1521 size = insn->registerSize; 1522 1523 switch (size) { 1524 case 1: 1525 insn->opcodeRegister = (Reg)(MODRM_REG_AL + ((bFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3) 1526 | (insn->opcode & 7))); 1527 if (insn->rexPrefix && 1528 insn->opcodeRegister >= MODRM_REG_AL + 0x4 && 1529 insn->opcodeRegister < MODRM_REG_AL + 0x8) { 1530 insn->opcodeRegister = (Reg)(MODRM_REG_SPL 1531 + (insn->opcodeRegister - MODRM_REG_AL - 4)); 1532 } 1533 1534 break; 1535 case 2: 1536 insn->opcodeRegister = (Reg)(MODRM_REG_AX 1537 + ((bFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3) 1538 | (insn->opcode & 7))); 1539 break; 1540 case 4: 1541 insn->opcodeRegister = (Reg)(MODRM_REG_EAX 1542 + ((bFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3) 1543 | (insn->opcode & 7))); 1544 break; 1545 case 8: 1546 insn->opcodeRegister = (Reg)(MODRM_REG_RAX 1547 + ((bFromREX(insn->rexPrefix) << 3) 1548 | (insn->opcode & 7))); 1549 break; 1550 } 1551 1552 return 0; 1553} 1554 1555/* 1556 * readImmediate - Consumes an immediate operand from an instruction, given the 1557 * desired operand size. 1558 * 1559 * @param insn - The instruction whose operand is to be read. 1560 * @param size - The width (in bytes) of the operand. 1561 * @return - 0 if the immediate was successfully consumed; nonzero 1562 * otherwise. 1563 */ 1564static int readImmediate(struct InternalInstruction* insn, uint8_t size) { 1565 uint8_t imm8; 1566 uint16_t imm16; 1567 uint32_t imm32; 1568 uint64_t imm64; 1569 1570 dbgprintf(insn, "readImmediate()"); 1571 1572 if (insn->numImmediatesConsumed == 2) { 1573 debug("Already consumed two immediates"); 1574 return -1; 1575 } 1576 1577 if (size == 0) 1578 size = insn->immediateSize; 1579 else 1580 insn->immediateSize = size; 1581 insn->immediateOffset = insn->readerCursor - insn->startLocation; 1582 1583 switch (size) { 1584 case 1: 1585 if (consumeByte(insn, &imm8)) 1586 return -1; 1587 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed] = imm8; 1588 break; 1589 case 2: 1590 if (consumeUInt16(insn, &imm16)) 1591 return -1; 1592 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed] = imm16; 1593 break; 1594 case 4: 1595 if (consumeUInt32(insn, &imm32)) 1596 return -1; 1597 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed] = imm32; 1598 break; 1599 case 8: 1600 if (consumeUInt64(insn, &imm64)) 1601 return -1; 1602 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed] = imm64; 1603 break; 1604 } 1605 1606 insn->numImmediatesConsumed++; 1607 1608 return 0; 1609} 1610 1611/* 1612 * readVVVV - Consumes vvvv from an instruction if it has a VEX prefix. 1613 * 1614 * @param insn - The instruction whose operand is to be read. 1615 * @return - 0 if the vvvv was successfully consumed; nonzero 1616 * otherwise. 1617 */ 1618static int readVVVV(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 1619 dbgprintf(insn, "readVVVV()"); 1620 1621 int vvvv; 1622 if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_EVEX) 1623 vvvv = (v2FromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3]) << 4 | 1624 vvvvFromEVEX3of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2])); 1625 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_3B) 1626 vvvv = vvvvFromVEX3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]); 1627 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_VEX_2B) 1628 vvvv = vvvvFromVEX2of2(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[1]); 1629 else if (insn->vectorExtensionType == TYPE_XOP) 1630 vvvv = vvvvFromXOP3of3(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[2]); 1631 else 1632 return -1; 1633 1634 if (insn->mode != MODE_64BIT) 1635 vvvv &= 0x7; 1636 1637 insn->vvvv = static_cast<Reg>(vvvv); 1638 return 0; 1639} 1640 1641/* 1642 * readMaskRegister - Reads an mask register from the opcode field of an 1643 * instruction. 1644 * 1645 * @param insn - The instruction whose opcode field is to be read. 1646 * @return - 0 on success; nonzero otherwise. 1647 */ 1648static int readMaskRegister(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 1649 dbgprintf(insn, "readMaskRegister()"); 1650 1651 if (insn->vectorExtensionType != TYPE_EVEX) 1652 return -1; 1653 1654 insn->writemask = 1655 static_cast<Reg>(aaaFromEVEX4of4(insn->vectorExtensionPrefix[3])); 1656 return 0; 1657} 1658 1659/* 1660 * readOperands - Consults the specifier for an instruction and consumes all 1661 * operands for that instruction, interpreting them as it goes. 1662 * 1663 * @param insn - The instruction whose operands are to be read and interpreted. 1664 * @return - 0 if all operands could be read; nonzero otherwise. 1665 */ 1666static int readOperands(struct InternalInstruction* insn) { 1667 int hasVVVV, needVVVV; 1668 int sawRegImm = 0; 1669 1670 dbgprintf(insn, "readOperands()"); 1671 1672 /* If non-zero vvvv specified, need to make sure one of the operands 1673 uses it. */ 1674 hasVVVV = !readVVVV(insn); 1675 needVVVV = hasVVVV && (insn->vvvv != 0); 1676 1677 for (const auto &Op : x86OperandSets[insn->spec->operands]) { 1678 switch (Op.encoding) { 1679 case ENCODING_NONE: 1680 case ENCODING_SI: 1681 case ENCODING_DI: 1682 break; 1683 case ENCODING_REG: 1684 case ENCODING_RM: 1685 if (readModRM(insn)) 1686 return -1; 1687 if (fixupReg(insn, &Op)) 1688 return -1; 1689 break; 1690 case ENCODING_CB: 1691 case ENCODING_CW: 1692 case ENCODING_CD: 1693 case ENCODING_CP: 1694 case ENCODING_CO: 1695 case ENCODING_CT: 1696 dbgprintf(insn, "We currently don't hande code-offset encodings"); 1697 return -1; 1698 case ENCODING_IB: 1699 if (sawRegImm) { 1700 /* Saw a register immediate so don't read again and instead split the 1701 previous immediate. FIXME: This is a hack. */ 1702 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed] = 1703 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed - 1] & 0xf; 1704 ++insn->numImmediatesConsumed; 1705 break; 1706 } 1707 if (readImmediate(insn, 1)) 1708 return -1; 1709 if (Op.type == TYPE_IMM3 && 1710 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed - 1] > 7) 1711 return -1; 1712 if (Op.type == TYPE_IMM5 && 1713 insn->immediates[insn->numImmediatesConsumed - 1] > 31) 1714 return -1; 1715 if (Op.type == TYPE_XMM128 || 1716 Op.type == TYPE_XMM256) 1717 sawRegImm = 1; 1718 break; 1719 case ENCODING_IW: 1720 if (readImmediate(insn, 2)) 1721 return -1; 1722 break; 1723 case ENCODING_ID: 1724 if (readImmediate(insn, 4)) 1725 return -1; 1726 break; 1727 case ENCODING_IO: 1728 if (readImmediate(insn, 8)) 1729 return -1; 1730 break; 1731 case ENCODING_Iv: 1732 if (readImmediate(insn, insn->immediateSize)) 1733 return -1; 1734 break; 1735 case ENCODING_Ia: 1736 if (readImmediate(insn, insn->addressSize)) 1737 return -1; 1738 break; 1739 case ENCODING_RB: 1740 if (readOpcodeRegister(insn, 1)) 1741 return -1; 1742 break; 1743 case ENCODING_RW: 1744 if (readOpcodeRegister(insn, 2)) 1745 return -1; 1746 break; 1747 case ENCODING_RD: 1748 if (readOpcodeRegister(insn, 4)) 1749 return -1; 1750 break; 1751 case ENCODING_RO: 1752 if (readOpcodeRegister(insn, 8)) 1753 return -1; 1754 break; 1755 case ENCODING_Rv: 1756 if (readOpcodeRegister(insn, 0)) 1757 return -1; 1758 break; 1759 case ENCODING_FP: 1760 break; 1761 case ENCODING_VVVV: 1762 needVVVV = 0; /* Mark that we have found a VVVV operand. */ 1763 if (!hasVVVV) 1764 return -1; 1765 if (fixupReg(insn, &Op)) 1766 return -1; 1767 break; 1768 case ENCODING_WRITEMASK: 1769 if (readMaskRegister(insn)) 1770 return -1; 1771 break; 1772 case ENCODING_DUP: 1773 break; 1774 default: 1775 dbgprintf(insn, "Encountered an operand with an unknown encoding."); 1776 return -1; 1777 } 1778 } 1779 1780 /* If we didn't find ENCODING_VVVV operand, but non-zero vvvv present, fail */ 1781 if (needVVVV) return -1; 1782 1783 return 0; 1784} 1785 1786/* 1787 * decodeInstruction - Reads and interprets a full instruction provided by the 1788 * user. 1789 * 1790 * @param insn - A pointer to the instruction to be populated. Must be 1791 * pre-allocated. 1792 * @param reader - The function to be used to read the instruction's bytes. 1793 * @param readerArg - A generic argument to be passed to the reader to store 1794 * any internal state. 1795 * @param logger - If non-NULL, the function to be used to write log messages 1796 * and warnings. 1797 * @param loggerArg - A generic argument to be passed to the logger to store 1798 * any internal state. 1799 * @param startLoc - The address (in the reader's address space) of the first 1800 * byte in the instruction. 1801 * @param mode - The mode (real mode, IA-32e, or IA-32e in 64-bit mode) to 1802 * decode the instruction in. 1803 * @return - 0 if the instruction's memory could be read; nonzero if 1804 * not. 1805 */ 1806int llvm::X86Disassembler::decodeInstruction( 1807 struct InternalInstruction *insn, byteReader_t reader, 1808 const void *readerArg, dlog_t logger, void *loggerArg, const void *miiArg, 1809 uint64_t startLoc, DisassemblerMode mode) { 1810 memset(insn, 0, sizeof(struct InternalInstruction)); 1811 1812 insn->reader = reader; 1813 insn->readerArg = readerArg; 1814 insn->dlog = logger; 1815 insn->dlogArg = loggerArg; 1816 insn->startLocation = startLoc; 1817 insn->readerCursor = startLoc; 1818 insn->mode = mode; 1819 insn->numImmediatesConsumed = 0; 1820 1821 if (readPrefixes(insn) || 1822 readOpcode(insn) || 1823 getID(insn, miiArg) || 1824 insn->instructionID == 0 || 1825 readOperands(insn)) 1826 return -1; 1827 1828 insn->operands = x86OperandSets[insn->spec->operands]; 1829 1830 insn->length = insn->readerCursor - insn->startLocation; 1831 1832 dbgprintf(insn, "Read from 0x%llx to 0x%llx: length %zu", 1833 startLoc, insn->readerCursor, insn->length); 1834 1835 if (insn->length > 15) 1836 dbgprintf(insn, "Instruction exceeds 15-byte limit"); 1837 1838 return 0; 1839} 1840