1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52#ifndef SQLITE_API
53# define SQLITE_API
54#endif
55
56
57/*
58** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
59** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
60** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
61** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
62** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
63**
64** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
65** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
66** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
67** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
68** noop macros.
69*/
70#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
71#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
72
73/*
74** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
75*/
76#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
77# undef SQLITE_VERSION
78#endif
79#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
80# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
81#endif
82
83/*
84** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
85**
86** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
87** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
88** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
89** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
90** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
91** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
92** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
93** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
94** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
95** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
96** and Z will be reset to zero.
97**
98** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
99** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
100** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
101** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
102** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
103** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
104** hash of the entire source tree.
105**
106** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
107** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
108** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
109*/
110#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.8.6"
111#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3008006
112#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2014-08-15 11:46:33 9491ba7d738528f168657adb43a198238abde19e"
113
114/*
115** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
116** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
117**
118** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
119** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
120** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
121** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
122** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
123** the header, and thus insure that the application is
124** compiled with matching library and header files.
125**
126** <blockquote><pre>
127** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
128** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
129** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
130** </pre></blockquote>)^
131**
132** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
133** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
134** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
135** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
136** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
137** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
138** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
139** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
140** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
141**
142** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
143*/
144SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
145SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
146SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
147SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
148
149/*
150** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
153** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
154** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
155** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
156**
157** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
158** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
159** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
160** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
161** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
162** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
163**
164** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
165** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
166** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
167**
168** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
169** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
170*/
171#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
172SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
173SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
174#endif
175
176/*
177** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
178**
179** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
180** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
182**
183** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
184** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
185** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
186** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
187** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
188** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
189**
190** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
191** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
192** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
193** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
194**
195** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
196** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
197** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
198**
199** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
200** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
201** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
202** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
203** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
204** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
205** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
206** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
207** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
208** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
209**
210** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
211*/
212SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
213
214/*
215** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
216** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
217**
218** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
219** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
220** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
221** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
222** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
223** interfaces (such as
224** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
225** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
226** sqlite3 object.
227*/
228typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
229
230/*
231** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
232** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
233**
234** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
235** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
236**
237** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
238** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
239** compatibility only.
240**
241** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
242** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
243** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
244** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
245*/
246#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
247  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
248  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
249#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
250  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
251  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
252#else
253  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
254  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
255#endif
256typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
257typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
258
259/*
260** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
261** substitute integer for floating-point.
262*/
263#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
264# define double sqlite3_int64
265#endif
266
267/*
268** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
269**
270** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
271** for the [sqlite3] object.
272** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
273** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
274** resources are deallocated.
275**
276** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
277** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
278** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
279** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
280** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
281** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
282** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
283** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
284** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
285** destructors are called is arbitrary.
286**
287** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
288** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
289** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
290** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
291** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
292** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
293** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
294** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
295** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
296**
297** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
298** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
299**
300** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
301** must be either a NULL
302** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
303** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
304** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
305** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
306** argument is a harmless no-op.
307*/
308SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
309SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
310
311/*
312** The type for a callback function.
313** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
314** compatibility and is not documented.
315*/
316typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
317
318/*
319** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
320**
321** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
322** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
323** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
324** without having to use a lot of C code.
325**
326** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
327** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
328** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
329** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
330** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
331** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
332** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
333** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
334** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
335** ignored.
336**
337** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
338** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
339** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
340** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
341** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
342** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
343** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
344** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
345** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
346** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
347** NULL before returning.
348**
349** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
350** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
351** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
352**
353** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
354** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
355** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
356** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
357** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
358** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
359** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
360** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
361** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
362**
363** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
364** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
365** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
366** is not changed.
367**
368** Restrictions:
369**
370** <ul>
371** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
372**      is a valid and open [database connection].
373** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
374**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
375** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
376**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
377** </ul>
378*/
379SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
380  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
381  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
382  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
383  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
384  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
385);
386
387/*
388** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
389** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
390**
391** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
392** here in order to indicate success or failure.
393**
394** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
395**
396** See also: [extended result code definitions]
397*/
398#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
399/* beginning-of-error-codes */
400#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
401#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
402#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
403#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
404#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
405#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
406#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
407#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
408#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
409#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
410#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
411#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
412#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
413#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
414#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
415#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
416#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
417#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
418#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
419#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
420#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
421#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
422#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
423#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
424#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
425#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
426#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
427#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
428#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
429#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
430/* end-of-error-codes */
431
432/*
433** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
434** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
435**
436** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
437** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
438** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
439** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
440** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
441** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
442** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
443** on a per database connection basis using the
444** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
445** the most recent error can be obtained using
446** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
447*/
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
474#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
475#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
478#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
479#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
480#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
481#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
482#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
483#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
484#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
485#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
486#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
487#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
488#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
489#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
490#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
492#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
493#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
494#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
495#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
496#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
497#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
498#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
499#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
500
501/*
502** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
503**
504** These bit values are intended for use in the
505** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
506** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
507*/
508#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
509#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
510#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
511#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
524#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
525#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
526#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
527#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
528
529/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
530
531/*
532** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
533**
534** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
535** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
536** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
537** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
538** refers to.
539**
540** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
541** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
542** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
543** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
544** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
545** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
546** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
547** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
548** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
549** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
550** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
551** file that were written at the application level might have changed
552** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
553** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
554** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
555** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
556** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
557** elevated privileges.
558*/
559#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
560#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
561#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
562#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
569#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
570#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
571#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
572#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
573
574/*
575** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
576**
577** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
578** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
579** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
580*/
581#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
582#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
583#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
584#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
585#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
586
587/*
588** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
589**
590** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
591** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
592** these integer values as the second argument.
593**
594** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
595** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
596** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
597** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
598** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
599** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
600**
601** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
602** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
603** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
604** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
605** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
606** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
607** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
608** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
609** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
610** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
611** cares about the difference.)
612*/
613#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
614#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
615#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
616
617/*
618** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
619**
620** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
621** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
622** implementations will
623** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
624** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
625** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
626** I/O operations on the open file.
627*/
628typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
629struct sqlite3_file {
630  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
631};
632
633/*
634** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
635**
636** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
637** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
638** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
639** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
640** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
641**
642** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
643** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
644** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
645** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
646** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
647** to NULL.
648**
649** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
650** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
651** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
652** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
653** and not its inode needs to be synced.
654**
655** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
656** <ul>
657** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
658** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
659** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
660** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
661** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
662** </ul>
663** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
664** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
665** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
666** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
667** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
668**
669** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
670** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
671** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
672** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
673** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
674** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
675** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
676** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
677** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
678** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
679** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
680** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
681** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
682** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
683** recognize.
684**
685** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
686** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
687** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
688** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
689** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
690** underlying device:
691**
692** <ul>
693** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
694** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
695** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
696** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
699** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
700** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
701** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
702** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
703** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
704** </ul>
705**
706** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
707** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
708** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
709** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
710** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
711** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
712** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
713** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
714** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
715** to xWrite().
716**
717** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
718** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
719** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
720** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
721** database corruption.
722*/
723typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
724struct sqlite3_io_methods {
725  int iVersion;
726  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
727  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
728  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
729  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
730  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
731  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
732  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
733  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
734  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
735  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
736  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
737  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
738  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
739  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
740  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
741  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
742  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
743  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
744  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
745  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
746  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
747  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
748};
749
750/*
751** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
752** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
753**
754** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
755** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
756** interface.
757**
758** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
759** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
760** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
761** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
762** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
763** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
764** is defined.
765** <ul>
766** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
767** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
768** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
769** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
770** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
771** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
772** file run faster.
773**
774** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
775** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
776** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
777** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
778** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
779** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
780** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
781** improve performance on some systems.
782**
783** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
784** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
785** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
786** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
787** additional information.
788**
789** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
790** No longer in use.
791**
792** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
793** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
794** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
795** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
796** because the user has configured SQLite with
797** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
798** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
799** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
800** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
801** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
802** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
803** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
804** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
805**
806** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
807** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
808** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
809** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
810** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
811** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
812** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
813**
814** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
815** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
816** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
817** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
818** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
819** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
820** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
821** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
822** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
823** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
824** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
825** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
826** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
827** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
828** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
829** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
830**
831** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
832** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
833** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
834** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
835** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
836** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
837** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
838** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
839** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
840** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
841** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
842** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
843** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
844** WAL persistence setting.
845**
846** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
847** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
848** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
849** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
850** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
851** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
852** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
853** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
854** zero-damage mode setting.
855**
856** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
857** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
858** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
859** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
860** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
861**
862** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
863** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
864** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
865** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
866** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
867** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
868** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
869** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
870** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
871** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
872** is intended for diagnostic use only.
873**
874** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
875** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
876** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
877** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
878** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
879** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
880** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
881** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
882** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
883** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
884** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
885** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
886** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
887** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
888** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
889** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
890** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
891** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
892** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
893** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
894** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
895** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
896**
897** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
898** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
899** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
900** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
901** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
902** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
903** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
904** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
905** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
906** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
907** current operation.
908**
909** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
910** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
911** to have SQLite generate a
912** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
913** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
914** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
915** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
916** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
917**
918** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
919** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
920** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
921** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
922** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
923** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
924** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
925** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
926** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
927**
928** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
929** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
930** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
931** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
932** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
933** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
934** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
937** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
938** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
939** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
940** was first opened.
941**
942** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
943** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
944** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
945** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
946** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
947**
948** </ul>
949*/
950#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
951#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
952#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
953#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
954#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
955#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
956#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
964#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
965#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
966#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
967#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
968#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
969#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
970#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
971#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
972
973/*
974** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
975**
976** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
977** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
978** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
979** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
980**
981** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
982*/
983typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
984
985/*
986** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
987**
988** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
989** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
990** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
991** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
992**
993** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
994** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
995** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
996** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
997** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
998** modified.
999**
1000** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1001** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1002** a pathname in this VFS.
1003**
1004** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1005** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1006** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1007** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1008** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1009** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1010**
1011** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1012** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1013** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1014** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1015** object once the object has been registered.
1016**
1017** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1018** be unique across all VFS modules.
1019**
1020** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1021** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1022** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1023** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1024** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1025** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1026** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1027** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1028** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1029** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1030** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1031** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1032** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1033** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1034** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1035** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1036**
1037** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1038** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1039** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1040** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1041** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1042** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1043**
1044** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1045** call, depending on the object being opened:
1046**
1047** <ul>
1048** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1049** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1050** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1051** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1052** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1053** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1054** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1055** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1056** </ul>)^
1057**
1058** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1059** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1060** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1061** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1062** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1063** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1064** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1065** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1066**
1067** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1068**
1069** <ul>
1070** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1071** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1072** </ul>
1073**
1074** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1075** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1076** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1077** databases, and subjournals.
1078**
1079** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1080** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1081** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1082** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1083** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1084** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1085** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1086** for exclusive access.
1087**
1088** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1089** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1090** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1091** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1092** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1093** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1094** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1095** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1096** or failure of the xOpen call.
1097**
1098** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1099** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1100** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1101** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1102** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1103** directory.
1104**
1105** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1106** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1107** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1108** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1109** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1110** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1111**
1112** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1113** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1114** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1115** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1116** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1117** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1118** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1119** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1120** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1121** a floating point value.
1122** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1123** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1124** a 24-hour day).
1125** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1126** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1127** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1128** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1129**
1130** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1131** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1132** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1133** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1134** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1135** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1136** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1137** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1138** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1139** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1140** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1141*/
1142typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1143typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1144struct sqlite3_vfs {
1145  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1146  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1147  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1148  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1149  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1150  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1151  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1152               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1153  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1154  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1155  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1156  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1157  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1158  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1159  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1160  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1161  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1162  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1163  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1164  /*
1165  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1166  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1167  */
1168  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1169  /*
1170  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1171  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1172  */
1173  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1174  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1175  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1176  /*
1177  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1178  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1179  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1180  */
1181};
1182
1183/*
1184** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1185**
1186** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1187** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1188** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1189** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1190** simply checks whether the file exists.
1191** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1192** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1193** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1194** the directory).
1195** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1196** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1197** release of SQLite.
1198** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1199** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1200** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1201** SQLite.
1202*/
1203#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1204#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1205#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1206
1207/*
1208** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1209**
1210** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1211** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1212** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1213** xShmLock method:
1214**
1215** <ul>
1216** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1217** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1218** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1219** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1220** </ul>
1221**
1222** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1223** was given no the corresponding lock.
1224**
1225** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1226** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1227** and EXCLUSIVE.
1228*/
1229#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1230#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1231#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1232#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1233
1234/*
1235** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1236**
1237** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1238** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1239** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1240** lock outside of this range
1241*/
1242#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1243
1244
1245/*
1246** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1247**
1248** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1249** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1250** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1251** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1252** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1253** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1254**
1255** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1256** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1257** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1258** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1259** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1260** are harmless no-ops.)^
1261**
1262** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1263** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1264** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1265** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1266**
1267** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1268** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1269** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1270** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1271** sqlite3_shutdown().
1272**
1273** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1274** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1275** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1276**
1277** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1278** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1279** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1280** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1281**
1282** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1283** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1284** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1285** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1286** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1287** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1288** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1289** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1290** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1291** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1292** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1293** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1294** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1295** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1296**
1297** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1298** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1299** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1300** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1301** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1302** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1303** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1304**
1305** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1306** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1307** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1308** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1309** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1310** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1311** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1312** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1313** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1314** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1315** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1316** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1317** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1318** failure.
1319*/
1320SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1321SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1322SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1323SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1324
1325/*
1326** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1327**
1328** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1329** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1330** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1331** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1332** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1333**
1334** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1335** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1336** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1337** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1338** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1339** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1340** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1341** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1342** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1343**
1344** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1345** [configuration option] that determines
1346** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1347** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1348** in the first argument.
1349**
1350** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1351** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1352** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1353*/
1354SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1355
1356/*
1357** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1358**
1359** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1360** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1361** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1362** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1363**
1364** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1365** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1366** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1367** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1368**
1369** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1370** the call is considered successful.
1371*/
1372SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1373
1374/*
1375** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1376**
1377** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1378** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1379**
1380** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1381** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1382** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1383** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1384** By creating an instance of this object
1385** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1386** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1387** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1388** dynamic memory needs.
1389**
1390** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1391** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1392** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1393** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1394** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1395** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1396** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1397** conditions.
1398**
1399** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1400** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1401** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1402** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1403**
1404** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1405** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1406** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1407**
1408** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1409** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1410** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1411** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1412** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1413** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1414** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1415**
1416** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1417** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1418** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1419** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1420** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1421** xInit and xShutdown.
1422**
1423** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1424** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1425** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1426** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1427** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1428** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1429** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1430** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1431** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1432** serialization.
1433**
1434** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1435** call to xShutdown().
1436*/
1437typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1438struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1439  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1440  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1441  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1442  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1443  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1444  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1445  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1446  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1447};
1448
1449/*
1450** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1451** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1452**
1453** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1454** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1455**
1456** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1457** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1458** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1459** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1460** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1461** is invoked.
1462**
1463** <dl>
1464** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1465** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1466** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1467** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1468** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1469** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1470** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1471** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1472** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1473** configuration option.</dd>
1474**
1475** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1476** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1477** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1478** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1479** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1480** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1481** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1482** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1483** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1484** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1485** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1486** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1487** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1488**
1489** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1490** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1491** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1492** all mutexes including the recursive
1493** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1494** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1495** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1496** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1497** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1498** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1499** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1500** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1501** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1502** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1503** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1504**
1505** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1506** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1507** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1508** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1509** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1510** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1511** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1512**
1513** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1514** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1515** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1516** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1517** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1518** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1519** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1520**
1521** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1522** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1523** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1524** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1525** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1526**   <ul>
1527**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1528**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1529**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1530**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1531**   </ul>)^
1532** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1533** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1534** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1535** </dd>
1536**
1537** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1538** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1539** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1540** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1541** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1542** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1543** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1544** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1545** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1546** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1547** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1548** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1549** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1550** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1551** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1552**
1553** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1554** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1555** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1556** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1557** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1558** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1559** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1560** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1561** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1562** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1563** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1564** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1565** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1566** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1567** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1568** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1569** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1570** The pointer in the first argument must
1571** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1572** will be undefined.</dd>
1573**
1574** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1575** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1576** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1577** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1578** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1579** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1580** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1581** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1582** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1583** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1584** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1585** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1586** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1587** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1588** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1589** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1590**
1591** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1592** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1593** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1594** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1595** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1596** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1597** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1598** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1599** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1600** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1601** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1602**
1603** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1604** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1605** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1606** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1607** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1608** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1609** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1610** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1611** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1612** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1613** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1614** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1615**
1616** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1617** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1618** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1619** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1620** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1621** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1622** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1623** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1624** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1625**
1626** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1627** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1628** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1629** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1630** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1631**
1632** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1633** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1634** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1635** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1636**
1637** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1638** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1639** global [error log].
1640** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1641** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1642** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1643** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1644** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1645** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1646** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1647** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1648** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1649** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1650** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1651** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1652** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1653** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1654** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1655** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1656**
1657** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1658** <dd>^(This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1659** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1660** is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1661** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1662** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1663** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1664** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1665** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1666** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1667** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1668** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1669**
1670** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1671** <dd>^This option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1672** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1673** full table scans in the query optimizer.  ^The default setting is determined
1674** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1675** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1676** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1677** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1678** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1679** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1680** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1681**
1682** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1683** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1684** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1685** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1686** </dd>
1687**
1688** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1689** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1690** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1691** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1692** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1693** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1694** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1695** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1696** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1697** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1698** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1699** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1700** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1701** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1702** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1703** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1704**
1705** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1706** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1707** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1708** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1709** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1710** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1711** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1712** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1713** cannot be changed at run-time.  Nor may the maximum allowed mmap size
1714** exceed the compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1715** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1716** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1717** changed to its compile-time default.
1718**
1719** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1720** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1721** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
1722** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
1723** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1724** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1725** </dl>
1726*/
1727#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1728#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1729#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1730#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1731#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1732#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1733#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1734#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1735#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1736#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1737#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1738/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1739#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1740#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1741#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1742#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1743#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1744#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1745#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1746#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1747#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1748#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1749#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1750
1751/*
1752** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1753**
1754** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1755** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1756**
1757** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1758** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1759** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1760** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1761** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1762** is invoked.
1763**
1764** <dl>
1765** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1766** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1767** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1768** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1769** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1770** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1771** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1772** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1773** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1774** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1775** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1776** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1777** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1778** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1779** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1780** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1781** when the "current value" returned by
1782** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1783** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1784** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1785** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1786**
1787** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1788** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1789** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1790** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1791** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1792** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1793** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1794** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1795** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1796**
1797** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1798** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1799** There should be two additional arguments.
1800** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1801** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1802** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1803** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1804** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1805** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1806**
1807** </dl>
1808*/
1809#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1810#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1811#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1812
1813
1814/*
1815** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1816**
1817** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1818** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1819** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1820*/
1821SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1822
1823/*
1824** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1825**
1826** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1827** has a unique 64-bit signed
1828** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1829** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1830** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1831** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1832** is another alias for the rowid.
1833**
1834** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1835** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1836** on database connection D.
1837** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1838** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1839** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1840** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1841**
1842** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1843** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1844** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1845** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1846** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1847** table method began.)^
1848**
1849** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1850** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1851** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1852** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1853** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1854** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1855** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1856** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1857** the return value of this interface.)^
1858**
1859** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1860** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1861**
1862** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1863** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1864**
1865** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1866** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1867** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1868** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1869** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1870** last insert [rowid].
1871*/
1872SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1873
1874/*
1875** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1876**
1877** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1878** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1879** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1880** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1881** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1882** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1883** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1884** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1885**
1886** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1887** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1888**
1889** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1890** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1891** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1892** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1893** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1894**
1895** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1896** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1897** Most SQL statements are
1898** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1899** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1900** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1901** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1902**
1903** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1904** not create a new trigger context.
1905**
1906** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1907** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1908** trigger context.
1909**
1910** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1911** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1912** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1913** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1914** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1915** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1916** However, the number returned does not include changes
1917** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1918**
1919** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1920** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1921**
1922** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1923** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1924** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1925*/
1926SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1927
1928/*
1929** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1930**
1931** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1932** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1933** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1934** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1935** [foreign key actions]. However,
1936** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1937** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1938** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1939** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1940** are counted.)^
1941** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1942** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1943** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1944**
1945** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1946** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1947**
1948** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1949** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1950** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1951*/
1952SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1953
1954/*
1955** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1956**
1957** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1958** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1959** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1960** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1961** immediately.
1962**
1963** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1964** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1965** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1966** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1967**
1968** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1969** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1970** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1971**
1972** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1973** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1974** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1975** will be rolled back automatically.
1976**
1977** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1978** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1979** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1980** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1981** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1982** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1983** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1984** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1985** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1986** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1987**
1988** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1989** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1990*/
1991SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1992
1993/*
1994** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1995**
1996** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1997** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1998** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1999** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2000** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2001** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2002** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2003** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2004** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2005** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2006** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2007**
2008** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2009** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2010**
2011** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2012** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2013**
2014** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2015** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2016** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2017** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2018** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2019**
2020** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2021** UTF-8 string.
2022**
2023** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2024** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2025*/
2026SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2027SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2028
2029/*
2030** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2031**
2032** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2033** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2034** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2035** [database connection] D when another thread
2036** or process has the table locked.
2037** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2038** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2039**
2040** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2041** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2042** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2043**
2044** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2045** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2046** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2047** been invoked for the same locking event.  ^If the
2048** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2049** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2050** to the application.
2051** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2052** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2053**
2054** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2055** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2056** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2057** to the application instead of invoking the
2058** busy handler.
2059** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2060** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2061** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2062** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2063** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2064** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2065** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2066** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2067** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2068** the second process to proceed.
2069**
2070** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2071**
2072** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2073** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2074** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2075** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2076** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2077**
2078** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2079** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2080** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2081** result in undefined behavior.
2082**
2083** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2084** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2085*/
2086SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2087
2088/*
2089** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2090**
2091** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2092** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2093** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2094** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2095** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2096** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2097**
2098** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2099** turns off all busy handlers.
2100**
2101** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2102** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
2103** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2104** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2105**
2106** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2107*/
2108SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2109
2110/*
2111** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2112**
2113** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2114** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2115**
2116** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2117** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2118** complete query results from one or more queries.
2119**
2120** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2121** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2122** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2123** and M be the number of columns.
2124**
2125** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2126** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2127** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2128** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2129** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2130** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2131**
2132** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2133** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2134** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2135**
2136** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2137** is as follows:
2138**
2139** <blockquote><pre>
2140**        Name        | Age
2141**        -----------------------
2142**        Alice       | 43
2143**        Bob         | 28
2144**        Cindy       | 21
2145** </pre></blockquote>
2146**
2147** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2148** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2149** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2150**
2151** <blockquote><pre>
2152**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2153**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2154**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2155**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2156**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2157**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2158**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2159**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2160** </pre></blockquote>)^
2161**
2162** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2163** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2164** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2165** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2166**
2167** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2168** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2169** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2170** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2171** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2172** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2173**
2174** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2175** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2176** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2177** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2178** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2179** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2180** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2181*/
2182SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
2183  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2184  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2185  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2186  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2187  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2188  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2189);
2190SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2191
2192/*
2193** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2194**
2195** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2196** from the standard C library.
2197**
2198** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2199** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2200** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2201** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2202** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2203** memory to hold the resulting string.
2204**
2205** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2206** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2207** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2208** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2209** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2210** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2211** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2212** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2213** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2214** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2215** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2216** now without breaking compatibility.
2217**
2218** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2219** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2220** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2221** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2222** written will be n-1 characters.
2223**
2224** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2225**
2226** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2227** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2228** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2229** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2230**
2231** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2232** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2233** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2234** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2235** the string.
2236**
2237** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2238**
2239** <blockquote><pre>
2240**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2241** </pre></blockquote>
2242**
2243** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2244**
2245** <blockquote><pre>
2246**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2247**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2248**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2249** </pre></blockquote>
2250**
2251** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2252** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2253**
2254** <blockquote><pre>
2255**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2256** </pre></blockquote>
2257**
2258** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2259** would have looked like this:
2260**
2261** <blockquote><pre>
2262**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2263** </pre></blockquote>
2264**
2265** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2266** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2267**
2268** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2269** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2270** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2271** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2272**
2273** <blockquote><pre>
2274**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2275**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2276**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2277** </pre></blockquote>
2278**
2279** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2280** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2281**
2282** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2283** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2284** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2285*/
2286SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2287SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2288SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2289SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2290
2291/*
2292** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2293**
2294** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2295** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2296** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2297** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2298**
2299** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2300** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2301** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2302** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2303** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2304** a NULL pointer.
2305**
2306** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2307** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2308** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2309** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2310** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2311** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2312** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2313** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2314** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2315** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2316**
2317** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2318** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2319** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2320** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2321** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2322** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2323** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2324** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2325** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2326** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2327** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2328** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2329** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2330** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2331** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2332** is not freed.
2333**
2334** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2335** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2336** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2337** option is used.
2338**
2339** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2340** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2341** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2342** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2343**
2344** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2345** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2346** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2347** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2348** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2349** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2350** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2351**
2352** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2353** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2354** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2355** not yet been released.
2356**
2357** The application must not read or write any part of
2358** a block of memory after it has been released using
2359** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2360*/
2361SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2362SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2363SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
2364
2365/*
2366** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2367**
2368** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2369** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2370** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2371**
2372** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2373** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2374** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2375** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2376** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2377** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2378** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2379** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2380** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2381**
2382** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2383** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2384** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2385** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2386** prior to the reset.
2387*/
2388SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2389SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2390
2391/*
2392** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2393**
2394** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2395** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2396** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2397** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2398** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2399**
2400** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2401** ^If N is less than one, then P can be a NULL pointer.
2402**
2403** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2404** call had N less than one, then the PRNG is seeded using randomness
2405** obtained from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2406** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more then
2407** the pseudo-randomness is generated
2408** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2409** method.
2410*/
2411SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2412
2413/*
2414** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2415**
2416** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2417** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2418** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2419** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2420** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2421** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2422** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2423** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2424** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2425** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2426** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2427** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2428** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2429** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2430** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2431**
2432** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2433** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2434** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2435** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2436** access is denied.
2437**
2438** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2439** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2440** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2441** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2442** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2443** details about the action to be authorized.
2444**
2445** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2446** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2447** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2448** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2449** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2450** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2451** columns of a table.
2452** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2453** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2454** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2455**
2456** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2457** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2458** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2459** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2460** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2461** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2462** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2463** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2464** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2465** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2466**
2467** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2468** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2469** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2470** in addition to using an authorizer.
2471**
2472** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2473** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2474** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2475** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2476**
2477** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2478** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2479** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2480** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2481**
2482** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2483** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2484** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2485** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2486**
2487** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2488** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2489** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2490** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2491** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2492*/
2493SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2494  sqlite3*,
2495  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2496  void *pUserData
2497);
2498
2499/*
2500** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2501**
2502** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2503** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2504** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2505** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2506** information.
2507**
2508** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2509** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2510*/
2511#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2512#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2513
2514/*
2515** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2516**
2517** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2518** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2519** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2520** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2521** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2522**
2523** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2524** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2525** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2526** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2527** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2528** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2529** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2530** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2531** top-level SQL code.
2532*/
2533/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2534#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2535#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2536#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2537#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2538#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2539#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2540#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2541#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2542#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2543#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2544#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2545#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2546#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2547#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2548#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2549#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2550#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2551#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2552#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2553#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2554#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2555#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2556#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2557#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2558#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2559#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2560#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2561#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2562#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2563#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2564#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2565#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2566#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2567#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2568
2569/*
2570** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2571**
2572** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2573** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2574**
2575** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2576** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2577** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2578** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2579** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2580** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2581** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2582**
2583** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2584** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2585**
2586** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2587** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2588** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2589** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2590** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2591** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2592** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2593** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2594** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2595** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2596*/
2597SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2598SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2599   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2600
2601/*
2602** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2603**
2604** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2605** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2606** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2607** database connection D.  An example use for this
2608** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2609**
2610** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2611** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2612** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2613** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2614** handler is disabled.
2615**
2616** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2617** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2618** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2619** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2620** than 1.
2621**
2622** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2623** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2624** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2625**
2626** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2627** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2628** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2629** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2630**
2631*/
2632SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2633
2634/*
2635** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2636**
2637** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2638** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2639** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2640** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2641** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2642** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2643** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2644** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2645** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2646** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2647** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2648** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2649**
2650** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2651** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2652** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2653**
2654** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2655** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2656** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2657**
2658** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2659** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2660** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2661** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2662** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2663** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2664** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2665**
2666** <dl>
2667** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2668** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2669** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2670**
2671** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2672** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2673** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2674** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2675**
2676** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2677** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2678** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2679** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2680** </dl>
2681**
2682** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2683** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2684** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2685** then the behavior is undefined.
2686**
2687** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2688** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2689** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2690** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2691** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2692** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2693** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2694** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2695** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2696** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2697** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2698**
2699** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2700** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2701** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2702** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2703**
2704** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2705** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2706** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2707** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2708** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2709** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2710** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2711**
2712** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2713** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2714** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2715**
2716** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2717**
2718** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2719** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2720** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2721** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2722** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2723** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2724** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2725** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2726** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2727** information.
2728**
2729** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2730** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2731** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2732** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2733** present, is ignored.
2734**
2735** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2736** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2737** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2738** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2739** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2740** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2741** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2742**
2743** [[core URI query parameters]]
2744** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2745** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2746** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2747**
2748** <ul>
2749**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2750**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2751**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2752**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2753**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2754**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2755**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2756**
2757**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2758**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2759**     an error)^.
2760**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2761**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2762**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2763**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2764**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2765**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2766**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2767**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2768**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2769**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2770**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2771**
2772**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2773**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2774**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2775**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2776**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2777**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2778**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2779**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2780**
2781**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter may be "true" (or "on" or "yes" or
2782**     "1") or "false" (or "off" or "no" or "0") to indicate that the
2783**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2784**     storage media on which the database file resides.  ^The psow query
2785**     parameter only works for the built-in unix and Windows VFSes.
2786**
2787**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2788**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2789**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2790**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2791**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2792**     processes uses nolock=1.
2793**
2794**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2795**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2796**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2797**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2798**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2799**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2800**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2801**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2802**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2803**
2804** </ul>
2805**
2806** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2807** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2808** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2809** additional information.
2810**
2811** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2812**
2813** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2814** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2815** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2816**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2817** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2818**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2819**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2820**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2821** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2822**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2823** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2824**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2825**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2826**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2827**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2828**          in URI filenames.
2829** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2830**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2831**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2832**          default, use a private cache.
2833** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2834**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2835**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2836** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2837**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2838** </table>
2839**
2840** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2841** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2842** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2843** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2844** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2845** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2846** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2847** the results are undefined.
2848**
2849** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2850** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2851** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2852** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2853** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2854**
2855** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2856** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2857** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2858**
2859** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2860*/
2861SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
2862  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2863  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2864);
2865SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
2866  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2867  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2868);
2869SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
2870  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2871  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2872  int flags,              /* Flags */
2873  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2874);
2875
2876/*
2877** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2878**
2879** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2880** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2881** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2882**
2883** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2884** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2885** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2886** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2887** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2888** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2889** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2890** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2891** a pointer to an empty string.
2892**
2893** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2894** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2895** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2896** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2897** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2898** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2899** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2900** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2901** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2902** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2903**
2904** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2905** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2906** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2907** zero is returned.
2908**
2909** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2910** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2911** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2912** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2913** undesirable.
2914*/
2915SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2916SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2917SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2918
2919
2920/*
2921** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2922**
2923** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2924** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2925** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2926** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2927** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2928** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2929** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2930** disabled.
2931**
2932** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2933** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2934** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2935** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2936** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2937** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2938**
2939** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2940** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2941** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2942** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2943**
2944** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2945** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2946** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2947** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2948** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2949** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2950** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2951** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2952** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2953**
2954** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2955** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2956** error code and message may or may not be set.
2957*/
2958SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2959SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2960SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2961SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2962SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2963
2964/*
2965** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2966** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2967**
2968** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2969** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2970** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2971**
2972** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2973**
2974** <ol>
2975** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2976**      function.
2977** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2978**      interfaces.
2979** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2980** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2981**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2982** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2983** </ol>
2984**
2985** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2986** information.
2987*/
2988typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2989
2990/*
2991** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2992**
2993** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2994** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2995** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2996** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2997** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2998** new limit for that construct.)^
2999**
3000** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3001** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3002** [limits | hard upper bound]
3003** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3004** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3005** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3006** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3007** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3008**
3009** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3010** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3011** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3012** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3013**
3014** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3015** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3016** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3017** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3018** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3019** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3020** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3021** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3022** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3023** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3024** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3025** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3026**
3027** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3028*/
3029SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3030
3031/*
3032** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3033** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3034**
3035** These constants define various performance limits
3036** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3037** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3038** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3039**
3040** <dl>
3041** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3042** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3043**
3044** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3045** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3046**
3047** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3048** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3049** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3050** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3051**
3052** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3053** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3054**
3055** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3056** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3057**
3058** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3059** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3060** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3061** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3062** SQLite.</dd>)^
3063**
3064** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3065** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3066**
3067** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3068** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3069**
3070** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3071** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3072** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3073** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3074**
3075** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3076** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3077** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3078**
3079** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3080** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3081** </dl>
3082*/
3083#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3084#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3085#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3086#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3087#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3088#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3089#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3090#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3091#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3092#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3093#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3094
3095/*
3096** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3097** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3098**
3099** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3100** program using one of these routines.
3101**
3102** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3103** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3104** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3105**
3106** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3107** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3108** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3109** use UTF-16.
3110**
3111** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3112** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3113** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3114** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3115** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3116** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3117** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3118** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3119** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3120** make a copy of the input string.
3121**
3122** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3123** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3124** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3125** what remains uncompiled.
3126**
3127** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3128** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3129** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3130** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3131** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3132** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3133** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3134**
3135** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3136** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3137**
3138** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3139** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3140** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3141** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3142** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3143** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3144** behave differently in three ways:
3145**
3146** <ol>
3147** <li>
3148** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3149** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3150** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3151** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3152** </li>
3153**
3154** <li>
3155** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3156** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3157** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3158** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3159** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3160** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3161** </li>
3162**
3163** <li>
3164** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3165** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3166** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3167** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3168** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3169** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3170** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3171** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3172** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3173** </li>
3174** </ol>
3175*/
3176SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
3177  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3178  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3179  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3180  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3181  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3182);
3183SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3184  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3185  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3186  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3187  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3188  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3189);
3190SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
3191  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3192  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3193  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3194  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3195  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3196);
3197SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3198  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3199  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3200  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3201  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3202  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3203);
3204
3205/*
3206** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3207**
3208** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3209** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3210** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3211*/
3212SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3213
3214/*
3215** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3216**
3217** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3218** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3219** the content of the database file.
3220**
3221** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3222** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3223** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3224** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3225** change the database file through side-effects:
3226**
3227** <blockquote><pre>
3228**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3229** </pre></blockquote>
3230**
3231** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3232** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3233**
3234** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3235** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3236** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3237** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3238** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3239** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3240** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3241** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3242*/
3243SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3244
3245/*
3246** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3247**
3248** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3249** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3250** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3251** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3252** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3253** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3254** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3255**
3256** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3257** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3258** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3259** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3260** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3261*/
3262SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3263
3264/*
3265** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3266** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3267**
3268** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3269** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3270** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3271** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3272**
3273** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3274** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3275** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3276** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3277** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3278**
3279** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3280** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3281** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3282** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3283** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3284** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3285** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3286** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3287** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3288** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3289** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3290** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3291**
3292** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3293** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3294** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3295** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3296** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3297** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3298** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3299** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3300*/
3301typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3302
3303/*
3304** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3305**
3306** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3307** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3308** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3309** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3310** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3311** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3312** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3313** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3314*/
3315typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3316
3317/*
3318** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3319** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3320** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3321**
3322** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3323** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3324** templates:
3325**
3326** <ul>
3327** <li>  ?
3328** <li>  ?NNN
3329** <li>  :VVV
3330** <li>  @VVV
3331** <li>  $VVV
3332** </ul>
3333**
3334** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3335** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3336** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3337** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3338**
3339** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3340** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3341** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3342**
3343** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3344** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3345** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3346** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3347** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3348** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3349** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3350** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3351** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3352**
3353** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3354** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3355** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3356** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3357**
3358** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3359** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3360** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3361** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3362** is negative, then the length of the string is
3363** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3364** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3365** the behavior is undefined.
3366** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3367** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3368** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3369** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3370** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3371** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3372** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3373**
3374** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3375** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3376** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3377** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3378** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3379** ^If the fifth argument is
3380** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3381** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3382** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3383** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3384** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3385**
3386** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3387** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3388** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3389** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3390** content is later written using
3391** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3392** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3393**
3394** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3395** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3396** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3397** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3398** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3399** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3400**
3401** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3402** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3403**
3404** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3405** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3406** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3407** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3408**
3409** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3410** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3411*/
3412SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3413SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3414SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3415SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3416SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3417SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3418SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3419SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3420SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3421
3422/*
3423** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3424**
3425** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3426** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3427** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3428** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3429** to the parameters at a later time.
3430**
3431** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3432** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3433** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3434** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3435**
3436** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3437** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3438** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3439*/
3440SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3441
3442/*
3443** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3444**
3445** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3446** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3447** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3448** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3449** respectively.
3450** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3451** is included as part of the name.)^
3452** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3453** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3454**
3455** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3456**
3457** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3458** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3459** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3460** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3461** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3462**
3463** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3464** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3465** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3466*/
3467SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3468
3469/*
3470** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3471**
3472** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3473** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3474** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3475** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3476** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3477** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3478**
3479** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3480** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3481** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3482*/
3483SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3484
3485/*
3486** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3487**
3488** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3489** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3490** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3491*/
3492SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3493
3494/*
3495** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3496**
3497** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3498** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3499** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3500**
3501** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3502*/
3503SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3504
3505/*
3506** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3507**
3508** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3509** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3510** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3511** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3512** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3513** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3514** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3515**
3516** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3517** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3518** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3519** or until the next call to
3520** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3521**
3522** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3523** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3524** NULL pointer is returned.
3525**
3526** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3527** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3528** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3529** one release of SQLite to the next.
3530*/
3531SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3532SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3533
3534/*
3535** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3536**
3537** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3538** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3539** [SELECT] statement.
3540** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3541** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3542** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3543** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3544** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3545** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3546** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3547** or until the same information is requested
3548** again in a different encoding.
3549**
3550** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3551** database, table, and column.
3552**
3553** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3554** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3555** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3556** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3557**
3558** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3559** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3560** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3561** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3562** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3563**
3564** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3565** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3566**
3567** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3568** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3569**
3570** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3571** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3572** undefined.
3573**
3574** If two or more threads call one or more
3575** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3576** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3577** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3578*/
3579SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3580SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3581SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3582SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3583SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3584SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3585
3586/*
3587** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3588**
3589** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3590** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3591** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3592** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3593** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3594** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3595** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3596**
3597** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3598**
3599** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3600**
3601** and the following statement to be compiled:
3602**
3603** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3604**
3605** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3606** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3607**
3608** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3609** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3610** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3611** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3612** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3613** used to hold those values.
3614*/
3615SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3616SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3617
3618/*
3619** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3620**
3621** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3622** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3623** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3624** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3625**
3626** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3627** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3628** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3629** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3630** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3631** interface will continue to be supported.
3632**
3633** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3634** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3635** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3636** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3637**
3638** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3639** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3640** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3641** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3642** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3643** continuing.
3644**
3645** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3646** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3647** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3648** machine back to its initial state.
3649**
3650** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3651** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3652** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3653** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3654**
3655** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3656** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3657** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3658** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3659** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3660** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3661** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3662** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3663**
3664** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3665** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3666** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3667** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3668** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3669** more threads at the same moment in time.
3670**
3671** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3672** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3673** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3674** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3675** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3676** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3677** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3678** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3679** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3680** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3681** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3682**
3683** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3684** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3685** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3686** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3687** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3688** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3689** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3690** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3691** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3692** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3693** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3694*/
3695SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3696
3697/*
3698** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3699**
3700** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3701** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3702** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3703** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3704** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3705** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3706** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3707** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3708** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3709** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3710** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3711** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3712**
3713** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3714*/
3715SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3716
3717/*
3718** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3719** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3720**
3721** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3722**
3723** <ul>
3724** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3725** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3726** <li> string
3727** <li> BLOB
3728** <li> NULL
3729** </ul>)^
3730**
3731** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3732**
3733** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3734** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3735** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3736** SQLITE_TEXT.
3737*/
3738#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3739#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3740#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3741#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3742#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3743# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3744#else
3745# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3746#endif
3747#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3748
3749/*
3750** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3751** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3752**
3753** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3754**
3755** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3756** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3757** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3758** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3759** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3760** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3761** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3762** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3763**
3764** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3765** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3766** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3767** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3768** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3769** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3770** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3771** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3772** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3773** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3774** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3775**
3776** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3777** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3778** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3779** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3780** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3781** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3782** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3783** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3784** following a type conversion.
3785**
3786** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3787** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3788** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3789** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3790** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3791** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3792** the number of bytes in that string.
3793** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3794**
3795** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3796** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3797** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3798** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3799** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3800** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3801** the number of bytes in that string.
3802** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3803**
3804** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3805** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3806** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3807** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3808** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3809**
3810** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3811** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3812** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3813**
3814** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3815** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3816** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3817** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3818** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3819** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3820** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3821**
3822** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3823** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3824** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3825** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3826** that are applied:
3827**
3828** <blockquote>
3829** <table border="1">
3830** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3831**
3832** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3833** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3834** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3835** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3836** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3837** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3838** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3839** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3840** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3841** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3842** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3843** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3844** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3845** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3846** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3847** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3848** </table>
3849** </blockquote>)^
3850**
3851** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3852** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3853** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3854** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3855** C programmers.
3856**
3857** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3858** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3859** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3860** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3861** in the following cases:
3862**
3863** <ul>
3864** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3865**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3866**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3867** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3868**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3869**      to UTF-16.</li>
3870** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3871**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3872**      to UTF-8.</li>
3873** </ul>
3874**
3875** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3876** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3877** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3878** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3879** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3880**
3881** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3882** in one of the following ways:
3883**
3884** <ul>
3885**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3886**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3887**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3888** </ul>
3889**
3890** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3891** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3892** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3893** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3894** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3895** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3896** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3897**
3898** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3899** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3900** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3901** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3902** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3903** [sqlite3_free()].
3904**
3905** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3906** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3907** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3908** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3909** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3910*/
3911SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3912SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3913SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3914SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3915SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3916SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3917SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3918SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3919SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3920SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3921
3922/*
3923** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3924**
3925** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3926** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3927** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3928** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3929** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3930** [extended error code].
3931**
3932** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3933** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3934** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3935** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3936** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3937** completed execution.
3938**
3939** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3940**
3941** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3942** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3943** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3944** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3945** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3946*/
3947SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3948
3949/*
3950** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3951**
3952** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3953** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3954** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3955** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3956** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3957**
3958** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3959** back to the beginning of its program.
3960**
3961** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3962** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3963** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3964** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3965**
3966** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3967** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3968** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3969**
3970** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3971** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3972*/
3973SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3974
3975/*
3976** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3977** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3978** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3979** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3980**
3981** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3982** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3983** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3984** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3985** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3986** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3987** the application data pointer.
3988**
3989** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3990** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3991** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3992** to each database connection separately.
3993**
3994** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3995** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3996** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3997** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3998** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3999** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4000**
4001** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4002** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4003** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4004** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4005** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4006** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4007** undefined.
4008**
4009** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4010** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4011** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4012** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4013** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4014** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4015** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4016** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4017** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4018** each encoding.
4019** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4020** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4021**
4022** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4023** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4024** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4025** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4026** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4027** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4028** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4029**
4030** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4031** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4032**
4033** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4034** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4035** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4036** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4037** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4038** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4039** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4040** callbacks.
4041**
4042** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4043** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4044** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4045** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4046** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4047** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4048** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4049** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4050** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4051**
4052** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4053** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4054** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4055** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4056** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4057** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4058** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4059** matches the database encoding is a better
4060** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4061** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4062** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4063** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4064**
4065** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4066**
4067** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4068** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4069** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4070** statement in which the function is running.
4071*/
4072SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
4073  sqlite3 *db,
4074  const char *zFunctionName,
4075  int nArg,
4076  int eTextRep,
4077  void *pApp,
4078  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4079  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4080  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4081);
4082SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
4083  sqlite3 *db,
4084  const void *zFunctionName,
4085  int nArg,
4086  int eTextRep,
4087  void *pApp,
4088  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4089  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4090  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4091);
4092SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4093  sqlite3 *db,
4094  const char *zFunctionName,
4095  int nArg,
4096  int eTextRep,
4097  void *pApp,
4098  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4099  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4100  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4101  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4102);
4103
4104/*
4105** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4106**
4107** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4108** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4109*/
4110#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
4111#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
4112#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
4113#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4114#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4115#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4116
4117/*
4118** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4119**
4120** These constants may be ORed together with the
4121** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4122** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4123** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4124*/
4125#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4126
4127/*
4128** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4129** DEPRECATED
4130**
4131** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4132** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4133** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4134** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4135** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4136*/
4137#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4138SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4139SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4140SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4141SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4142SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4143SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4144                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4145#endif
4146
4147/*
4148** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4149**
4150** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4151** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4152** the function or aggregate.
4153**
4154** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4155** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4156** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4157** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4158** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4159** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4160** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4161**
4162** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4163** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4164** object results in undefined behavior.
4165**
4166** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4167** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4168** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4169**
4170** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4171** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4172** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4173** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4174**
4175** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4176** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4177** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4178** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4179** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4180** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4181** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4182**
4183** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4184** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4185** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4186** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4187** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4188**
4189** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4190** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4191*/
4192SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4193SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4194SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4195SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4196SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4197SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4198SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4199SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4200SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4201SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4202SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4203SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4204
4205/*
4206** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4207**
4208** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4209** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4210**
4211** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4212** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4213** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4214** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4215** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4216** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4217** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4218** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4219** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4220** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4221** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4222** first time from within xFinal().)^
4223**
4224** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4225** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4226** allocate error occurs.
4227**
4228** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4229** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4230** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4231** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4232** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4233** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4234** pointless memory allocations occur.
4235**
4236** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4237** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4238**
4239** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4240** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4241** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4242** function.
4243**
4244** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4245** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4246*/
4247SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4248
4249/*
4250** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4251**
4252** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4253** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4254** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4255** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4256** registered the application defined function.
4257**
4258** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4259** the application-defined function is running.
4260*/
4261SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4262
4263/*
4264** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4265**
4266** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4267** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4268** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4269** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4270** registered the application defined function.
4271*/
4272SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4273
4274/*
4275** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4276**
4277** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4278** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4279** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4280** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4281** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4282** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4283** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4284** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4285** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4286** invocations of the same function.
4287**
4288** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4289** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4290** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4291** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4292** returns a NULL pointer.
4293**
4294** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4295** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4296** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4297** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4298** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4299** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4300** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4301** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4302** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4303** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4304** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4305**      SQL statement, or
4306** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4307** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4308**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4309**
4310** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4311** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4312** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4313** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4314** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4315** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4316**
4317** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4318** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4319** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4320**
4321** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4322** the SQL function is running.
4323*/
4324SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4325SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4326
4327
4328/*
4329** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4330**
4331** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4332** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4333** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4334** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4335** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4336** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4337** the content before returning.
4338**
4339** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4340** C++ compilers.
4341*/
4342typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4343#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4344#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4345
4346/*
4347** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4348**
4349** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4350** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4351** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4352** for additional information.
4353**
4354** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4355** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4356** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4357**
4358** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4359** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4360** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4361** third parameter.
4362**
4363** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4364** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4365** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4366**
4367** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4368** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4369** by its 2nd argument.
4370**
4371** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4372** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4373** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4374** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4375** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4376** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4377** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4378** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4379** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4380** message all text up through the first zero character.
4381** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4382** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4383** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4384** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4385** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4386** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4387** modify the text after they return without harm.
4388** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4389** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4390** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4391** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4392**
4393** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4394** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4395**
4396** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4397** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4398**
4399** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4400** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4401** value given in the 2nd argument.
4402** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4403** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4404** value given in the 2nd argument.
4405**
4406** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4407** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4408**
4409** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4410** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4411** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4412** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4413** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4414** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4415** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4416** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4417** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4418** through the first zero character.
4419** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4420** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4421** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4422** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4423** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4424** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4425** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4426** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4427** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4428** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4429** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4430** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4431** finished using that result.
4432** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4433** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4434** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4435** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4436** when it has finished using that result.
4437** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4438** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4439** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4440** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4441**
4442** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4443** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4444** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4445** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4446** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4447** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4448** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4449** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4450** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4451**
4452** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4453** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4454** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4455*/
4456SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4457SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4458SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4459SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4460SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4461SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4462SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4463SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4464SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4465SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4466SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4467SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4468SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4469SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4470SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4471SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4472
4473/*
4474** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4475**
4476** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4477** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4478**
4479** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4480** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4481** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4482** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4483** considered to be the same name.
4484**
4485** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4486** <ul>
4487** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4488** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4489** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4490** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4491** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4492** </ul>)^
4493** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4494** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4495** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4496** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4497** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4498** on an even byte address.
4499**
4500** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4501** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4502**
4503** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4504** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4505** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4506** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4507** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4508** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4509** that collation is no longer usable.
4510**
4511** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4512** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4513** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4514** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4515** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4516** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4517** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4518** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4519** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4520** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4521** strings A, B, and C:
4522**
4523** <ol>
4524** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4525** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4526** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4527** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4528** </ol>
4529**
4530** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4531** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4532** is undefined.
4533**
4534** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4535** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4536** the collating function is deleted.
4537** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4538** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4539** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4540**
4541** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4542** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4543** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4544** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4545** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4546** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4547** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4548** compatibility.
4549**
4550** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4551*/
4552SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
4553  sqlite3*,
4554  const char *zName,
4555  int eTextRep,
4556  void *pArg,
4557  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4558);
4559SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4560  sqlite3*,
4561  const char *zName,
4562  int eTextRep,
4563  void *pArg,
4564  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4565  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4566);
4567SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4568  sqlite3*,
4569  const void *zName,
4570  int eTextRep,
4571  void *pArg,
4572  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4573);
4574
4575/*
4576** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4577**
4578** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4579** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4580** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4581** sequence is required.
4582**
4583** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4584** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4585** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4586** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4587** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4588**
4589** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4590** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4591** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4592** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4593** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4594** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4595** required collation sequence.)^
4596**
4597** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4598** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4599** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4600*/
4601SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4602  sqlite3*,
4603  void*,
4604  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4605);
4606SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4607  sqlite3*,
4608  void*,
4609  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4610);
4611
4612#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4613/*
4614** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4615** called right after sqlite3_open().
4616**
4617** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4618** of SQLite.
4619*/
4620SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
4621  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4622  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4623);
4624SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
4625  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4626  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4627  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4628);
4629
4630/*
4631** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4632** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4633** database is decrypted.
4634**
4635** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4636** of SQLite.
4637*/
4638SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
4639  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4640  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4641);
4642SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4643  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4644  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4645  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4646);
4647
4648/*
4649** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4650** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4651*/
4652SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
4653  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4654);
4655#endif
4656
4657#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4658/*
4659** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4660** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4661*/
4662SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4663  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4664);
4665#endif
4666
4667/*
4668** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4669**
4670** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4671** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4672**
4673** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4674** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4675** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4676** requested from the operating system is returned.
4677**
4678** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4679** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4680** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4681** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4682** in the previous paragraphs.
4683*/
4684SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4685
4686/*
4687** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4688**
4689** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4690** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4691** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4692** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4693** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4694** temporary file directory.
4695**
4696** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4697** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4698** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4699** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4700** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4701** be avoided in new projects.
4702**
4703** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4704** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4705** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4706** thread.
4707** It is intended that this variable be set once
4708** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4709** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4710** thereafter.
4711**
4712** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4713** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4714** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4715** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4716** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4717** using [sqlite3_free].
4718** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4719** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4720** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4721** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4722** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4723** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4724** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4725** objects have been destroyed.
4726**
4727** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4728** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4729** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4730** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4731**
4732** <blockquote><pre>
4733** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4734** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4735** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4736** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4737** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4738** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4739** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4740** </pre></blockquote>
4741*/
4742SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4743
4744/*
4745** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4746**
4747** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4748** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4749** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4750** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4751** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4752** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4753** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4754** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4755** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4756**
4757** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4758** open can result in a corrupt database.
4759**
4760** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4761** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4762** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4763** thread.
4764** It is intended that this variable be set once
4765** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4766** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4767** thereafter.
4768**
4769** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4770** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4771** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4772** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4773** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4774** using [sqlite3_free].
4775** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4776** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4777** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4778*/
4779SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4780
4781/*
4782** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4783** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4784**
4785** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4786** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4787** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4788** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4789** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4790**
4791** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4792** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4793** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4794** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4795** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4796** an error is to use this function.
4797**
4798** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4799** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4800** is undefined.
4801*/
4802SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4803
4804/*
4805** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4806**
4807** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4808** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4809** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4810** that was the first argument
4811** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4812** create the statement in the first place.
4813*/
4814SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4815
4816/*
4817** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4818**
4819** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4820** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4821** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4822** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4823** a NULL pointer is returned.
4824**
4825** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4826** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4827** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4828** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4829*/
4830SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4831
4832/*
4833** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4834**
4835** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4836** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4837** the name of a database on connection D.
4838*/
4839SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4840
4841/*
4842** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4843**
4844** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4845** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4846** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4847** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4848** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4849**
4850** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4851** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4852** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4853*/
4854SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4855
4856/*
4857** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4858**
4859** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4860** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4861** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4862** for the same database connection is overridden.
4863** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4864** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4865** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4866** for the same database connection is overridden.
4867** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4868** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4869** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4870**
4871** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4872** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4873** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4874** the first call for each function on D.
4875**
4876** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4877** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4878** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4879** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4880** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4881** or rollback hook in the first place.
4882** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4883** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4884** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4885**
4886** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4887**
4888** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4889** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4890** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4891** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4892** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4893**
4894** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4895** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4896** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4897** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4898** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4899**
4900** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4901*/
4902SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4903SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4904
4905/*
4906** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4907**
4908** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4909** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4910** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4911** a rowid table.
4912** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4913** for the same database connection is overridden.
4914**
4915** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4916** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4917** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4918** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4919** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4920** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4921** to be invoked.
4922** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4923** database and table name containing the affected row.
4924** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4925** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4926**
4927** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4928** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4929** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
4930**
4931** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4932** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4933** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4934** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4935** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4936** release of SQLite.
4937**
4938** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4939** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4940** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4941** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4942** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4943** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4944**
4945** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4946** returns the P argument from the previous call
4947** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4948** the first call on D.
4949**
4950** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4951** interfaces.
4952*/
4953SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4954  sqlite3*,
4955  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4956  void*
4957);
4958
4959/*
4960** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4961**
4962** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4963** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4964** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4965** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4966**
4967** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4968** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4969** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4970**
4971** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4972** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4973** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4974** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4975**
4976** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4977** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4978**
4979** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4980** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4981** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4982**
4983** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
4984** 32-bit integer is atomic.
4985**
4986** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4987*/
4988SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4989
4990/*
4991** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4992**
4993** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4994** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4995** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4996** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4997** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4998** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4999** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5000** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5001**
5002** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5003*/
5004SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5005
5006/*
5007** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5008**
5009** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5010** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5011** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5012** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5013** omitted.
5014**
5015** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5016*/
5017SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5018
5019/*
5020** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5021**
5022** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5023** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5024** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5025** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5026** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5027** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5028** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5029** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5030** is advisory only.
5031**
5032** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5033** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5034** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5035** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5036** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5037** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5038**
5039** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5040**
5041** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5042** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5043**
5044** <ul>
5045** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5046** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5047**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5048**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5049** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5050**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5051** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5052**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5053**      from the heap.
5054** </ul>)^
5055**
5056** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5057** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5058** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5059** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5060** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5061** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5062** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5063** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5064** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5065**
5066** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5067** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5068*/
5069SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5070
5071/*
5072** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5073** DEPRECATED
5074**
5075** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5076** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5077** only.  All new applications should use the
5078** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5079*/
5080SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5081
5082
5083/*
5084** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5085**
5086** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
5087** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
5088** passed as the first function argument.
5089**
5090** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5091** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
5092** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5093** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5094** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5095** resolve unqualified table references.
5096**
5097** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5098** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
5099** may be NULL.
5100**
5101** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5102** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5103** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5104**
5105** ^(<blockquote>
5106** <table border="1">
5107** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5108**
5109** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5110** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5111** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5112** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5113** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5114** </table>
5115** </blockquote>)^
5116**
5117** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5118** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
5119** call to any SQLite API function.
5120**
5121** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5122**
5123** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
5124** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5125** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5126** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
5127** parameters are set as follows:
5128**
5129** <pre>
5130**     data type: "INTEGER"
5131**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5132**     not null: 0
5133**     primary key: 1
5134**     auto increment: 0
5135** </pre>)^
5136**
5137** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
5138** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
5139** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
5140** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
5141**
5142** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5143** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5144*/
5145SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5146  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5147  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5148  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5149  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5150  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5151  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5152  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5153  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5154  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5155);
5156
5157/*
5158** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5159**
5160** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5161**
5162** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5163** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5164** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5165** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5166** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5167** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5168** be tried also.
5169**
5170** ^The entry point is zProc.
5171** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5172** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5173** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5174** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5175** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5176** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5177** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5178** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5179** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5180** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5181** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5182** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5183** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5184**
5185** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5186** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5187** otherwise an error will be returned.
5188**
5189** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5190*/
5191SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
5192  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5193  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5194  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5195  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5196);
5197
5198/*
5199** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5200**
5201** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5202** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5203** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5204** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5205**
5206** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5207** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5208** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5209** it back off again.
5210*/
5211SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5212
5213/*
5214** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5215**
5216** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5217** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5218** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5219** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5220**
5221** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5222** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5223** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5224** entry point where as follows:
5225**
5226** <blockquote><pre>
5227** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5228** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5229** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5230** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5231** &nbsp;  );
5232** </pre></blockquote>)^
5233**
5234** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5235** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5236** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5237** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5238** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5239** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5240** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5241**
5242** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5243** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5244** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5245**
5246** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5247** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5248*/
5249SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5250
5251/*
5252** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5253**
5254** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5255** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5256** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5257** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5258** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5259** routines.
5260*/
5261SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5262
5263/*
5264** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5265**
5266** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5267** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5268*/
5269SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5270
5271/*
5272** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5273** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5274** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5275**
5276** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5277** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5278*/
5279
5280/*
5281** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5282*/
5283typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5284typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5285typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5286typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5287
5288/*
5289** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5290** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5291**
5292** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5293** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5294** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5295**
5296** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5297** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5298** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5299** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5300** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5301** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5302** any database connection.
5303*/
5304struct sqlite3_module {
5305  int iVersion;
5306  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5307               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5308               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5309  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5310               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5311               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5312  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5313  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5314  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5315  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5316  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5317  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5318                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5319  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5320  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5321  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5322  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5323  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5324  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5325  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5326  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5327  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5328  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5329                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5330                       void **ppArg);
5331  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5332  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5333  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5334  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5335  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5336  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5337};
5338
5339/*
5340** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5341** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5342**
5343** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5344** of the [virtual table] interface to
5345** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5346** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5347** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5348** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5349**
5350** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5351**
5352** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5353**
5354** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5355** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5356** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5357** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5358** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5359** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5360** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5361**
5362** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5363** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5364** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5365** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5366** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5367**
5368** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5369** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5370**
5371** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5372** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5373** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5374** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5375** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5376** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5377**
5378** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5379** [xFilter] method.
5380** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5381** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5382**
5383** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5384** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5385** sorting step is required.
5386**
5387** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5388** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5389** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5390** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5391** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5392**
5393** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5394** will be returned by the strategy.
5395**
5396** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5397** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5398** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5399** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5400** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5401** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5402** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5403*/
5404struct sqlite3_index_info {
5405  /* Inputs */
5406  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5407  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5408     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5409     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5410     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5411     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5412  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5413  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5414  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5415     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5416     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5417  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5418  /* Outputs */
5419  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5420    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5421    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5422  } *aConstraintUsage;
5423  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5424  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5425  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5426  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5427  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5428  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5429  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5430};
5431
5432/*
5433** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5434**
5435** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5436** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5437** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5438** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5439*/
5440#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5441#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5442#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5443#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5444#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5445#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5446
5447/*
5448** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5449**
5450** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5451** ^Module names must be registered before
5452** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5453** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5454**
5455** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5456** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5457** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5458** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5459** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5460** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5461** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5462**
5463** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5464** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5465** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5466** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5467** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5468** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5469** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5470** destructor.
5471*/
5472SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
5473  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5474  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5475  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5476  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5477);
5478SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5479  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5480  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5481  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5482  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5483  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5484);
5485
5486/*
5487** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5488** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5489**
5490** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5491** of this object to describe a particular instance
5492** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5493** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5494** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5495** common to all module implementations.
5496**
5497** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5498** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5499** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5500** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5501** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5502** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5503*/
5504struct sqlite3_vtab {
5505  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5506  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5507  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5508  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5509};
5510
5511/*
5512** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5513** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5514**
5515** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5516** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5517** [virtual table] and are used
5518** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5519** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5520** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5521** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5522** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5523** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5524**
5525** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5526** are common to all implementations.
5527*/
5528struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5529  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5530  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5531};
5532
5533/*
5534** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5535**
5536** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5537** [virtual table module] call this interface
5538** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5539** the virtual tables they implement.
5540*/
5541SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5542
5543/*
5544** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5545**
5546** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5547** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5548** But global versions of those functions
5549** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5550**
5551** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5552** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5553** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5554** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5555** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5556** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5557** by a [virtual table].
5558*/
5559SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5560
5561/*
5562** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5563** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5564** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5565** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5566**
5567** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5568** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5569*/
5570
5571/*
5572** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5573** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5574**
5575** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5576** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5577** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5578** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5579** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5580** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5581** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5582*/
5583typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5584
5585/*
5586** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5587**
5588** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5589** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5590** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5591**
5592** <pre>
5593**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5594** </pre>)^
5595**
5596** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5597** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5598** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5599** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5600** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5601**
5602** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5603** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5604** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5605** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5606** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5607**
5608** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5609** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5610** to be a null pointer.)^
5611** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5612** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5613** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5614** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5615** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5616**
5617** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5618** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5619** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5620** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5621** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5622** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5623** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5624** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5625** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5626** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5627**
5628** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5629** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5630** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5631** blob.
5632**
5633** ^The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface will fail for a [WITHOUT ROWID]
5634** table.  Incremental BLOB I/O is not possible on [WITHOUT ROWID] tables.
5635**
5636** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5637** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5638** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5639** this interface.
5640**
5641** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5642** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5643*/
5644SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
5645  sqlite3*,
5646  const char *zDb,
5647  const char *zTable,
5648  const char *zColumn,
5649  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5650  int flags,
5651  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5652);
5653
5654/*
5655** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5656**
5657** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5658** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5659** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5660** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5661** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5662** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5663**
5664** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5665** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5666** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5667** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5668** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5669** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5670** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5671** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5672** always returns zero.
5673**
5674** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5675*/
5676SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5677
5678/*
5679** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5680**
5681** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5682**
5683** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5684** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5685** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5686** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5687** until the close operation if they will fit.
5688**
5689** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5690** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5691** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5692** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5693**
5694** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5695** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5696**
5697** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5698** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5699*/
5700SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5701
5702/*
5703** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5704**
5705** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5706** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5707** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5708** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5709**
5710** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5711** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5712** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5713** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5714*/
5715SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5716
5717/*
5718** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5719**
5720** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5721** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5722** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5723**
5724** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5725** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5726** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5727** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5728** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5729**
5730** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5731** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5732**
5733** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5734** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5735**
5736** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5737** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5738** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5739** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5740**
5741** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5742*/
5743SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5744
5745/*
5746** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5747**
5748** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5749** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5750** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5751**
5752** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5753** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5754** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5755**
5756** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5757** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5758** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5759** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5760** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5761** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5762** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5763**
5764** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5765** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5766** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5767** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5768** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5769** or by other independent statements.
5770**
5771** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5772** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5773**
5774** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5775** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5776** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5777** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5778**
5779** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5780*/
5781SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5782
5783/*
5784** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5785**
5786** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5787** that SQLite uses to interact
5788** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5789** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5790** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5791** The following interfaces are provided.
5792**
5793** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5794** ^Names are case sensitive.
5795** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5796** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5797** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5798**
5799** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5800** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5801** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5802** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5803** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5804** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5805** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5806** then the behavior is undefined.
5807**
5808** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5809** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5810** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5811*/
5812SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5813SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5814SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5815
5816/*
5817** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5818**
5819** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5820** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5821** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5822** permitted to use any of these routines.
5823**
5824** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5825** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5826** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5827** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5828**
5829** <ul>
5830** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5831** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5832** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5833** </ul>)^
5834**
5835** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5836** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5837** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5838** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5839** and Windows.
5840**
5841** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5842** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5843** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5844** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5845** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5846** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5847** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5848**
5849** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5850** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5851** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5852** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5853** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5854**
5855** <ul>
5856** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5857** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5858** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5859** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5860** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
5861** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5862** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5863** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
5864** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
5865** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
5866** </ul>)^
5867**
5868** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5869** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5870** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5871** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5872** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5873** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5874** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5875** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5876** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5877** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5878**
5879** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5880** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5881** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5882** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5883** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5884** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5885** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5886** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5887**
5888** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5889** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5890** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5891** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5892** the same type number.
5893**
5894** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5895** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5896** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5897** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5898** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5899** a static mutex.
5900**
5901** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5902** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5903** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5904** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5905** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5906** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5907** In such cases the,
5908** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5909** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5910** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5911** SQLite will never exhibit
5912** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5913**
5914** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5915** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5916** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5917** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5918**
5919** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5920** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5921** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5922** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5923** never do either.)^
5924**
5925** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5926** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5927** behave as no-ops.
5928**
5929** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5930*/
5931SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5932SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5933SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5934SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5935SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5936
5937/*
5938** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5939**
5940** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5941** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5942**
5943** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5944** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5945** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5946** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5947** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5948** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5949** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5950** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5951** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5952**
5953** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5954** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5955** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5956** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5957**
5958** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5959** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5960** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5961** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5962** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5963** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5964**
5965** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5966** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5967** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5968**
5969** <ul>
5970**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5971**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5972**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5973**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5974**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5975**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5976**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5977** </ul>)^
5978**
5979** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5980** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5981** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5982** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5983** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5984** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5985** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5986**
5987** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5988** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5989** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5990** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5991**
5992** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5993** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5994** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5995** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5996**
5997** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5998** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5999** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6000** prior to returning.
6001*/
6002typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6003struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6004  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6005  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6006  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6007  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6008  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6009  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6010  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6011  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6012  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6013};
6014
6015/*
6016** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6017**
6018** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6019** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
6020** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6021** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
6022** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6023** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
6024** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6025** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6026**
6027** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6028** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6029**
6030** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6031** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6032** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6033** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6034**
6035** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6036** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6037** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6038** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6039** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6040** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6041** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6042** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6043*/
6044#ifndef NDEBUG
6045SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6046SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6047#endif
6048
6049/*
6050** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6051**
6052** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6053** which is one of these integer constants.
6054**
6055** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6056** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6057** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6058*/
6059#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6060#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6061#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6062#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6063#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6064#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6065#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6066#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6067#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6068#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6069#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6070#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6071#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6072
6073/*
6074** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6075**
6076** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6077** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6078** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6079** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6080** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6081*/
6082SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6083
6084/*
6085** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6086**
6087** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6088** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6089** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6090** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6091** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6092** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6093** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6094** main database file.
6095** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6096** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6097** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6098** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6099**
6100** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6101** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6102** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6103** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6104** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6105**
6106** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6107** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6108** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6109** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6110** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6111** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6112** xFileControl method.
6113**
6114** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6115*/
6116SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6117
6118/*
6119** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6120**
6121** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6122** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6123** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6124** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6125**
6126** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6127** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6128** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6129**
6130** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6131** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6132** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6133** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6134*/
6135SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6136
6137/*
6138** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6139**
6140** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6141** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6142**
6143** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6144** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6145** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6146** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6147*/
6148#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6149#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6150#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6151#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6152#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6153#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6154#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6155#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6156#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6157#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6158#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6159#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6160#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6161#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6162#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6163#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
6164#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6165#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6166#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6167#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6168#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    23
6169
6170/*
6171** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6172**
6173** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6174** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6175** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6176** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6177** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6178** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6179** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6180** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6181** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6182** value.  For those parameters
6183** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6184** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6185** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6186**
6187** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6188** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6189**
6190** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6191** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6192** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6193** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6194** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6195** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6196**
6197** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6198*/
6199SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6200
6201
6202/*
6203** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6204** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6205**
6206** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6207** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6208**
6209** <dl>
6210** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6211** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6212** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6213** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6214** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6215** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6216** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6217** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6218** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6219**
6220** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6221** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6222** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6223** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6224** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6225** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6226**
6227** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6228** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6229** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6230**
6231** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6232** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6233** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6234** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6235** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6236**
6237** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6238** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6239** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6240** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6241** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6242** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6243** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6244** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6245** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6246**
6247** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6248** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6249** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6250** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6251** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6252**
6253** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6254** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6255** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6256** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6257** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6258** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6259** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6260**
6261** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6262** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6263** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6264** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6265** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6266** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6267** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6268** slots were available.
6269** </dd>)^
6270**
6271** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6272** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6273** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6274** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6275** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6276**
6277** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6278** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6279** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6280** </dl>
6281**
6282** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6283*/
6284#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6285#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6286#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6287#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6288#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6289#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6290#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6291#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6292#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6293#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6294
6295/*
6296** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6297**
6298** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6299** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6300** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6301** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6302** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6303** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6304** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6305** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6306**
6307** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6308** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6309** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6310** reset back down to the current value.
6311**
6312** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6313** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6314**
6315** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6316*/
6317SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6318
6319/*
6320** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6321** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6322**
6323** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6324** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6325**
6326** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6327** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6328** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6329** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6330** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6331**
6332** <dl>
6333** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6334** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6335** checked out.</dd>)^
6336**
6337** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6338** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6339** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6340** the current value is always zero.)^
6341**
6342** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6343** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6344** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6345** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6346** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6347** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6348** the current value is always zero.)^
6349**
6350** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6351** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6352** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6353** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6354** memory already being in use.
6355** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6356** the current value is always zero.)^
6357**
6358** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6359** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6360** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6361** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6362**
6363** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6364** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6365** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6366** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6367** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6368** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6369** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6370** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6371**
6372** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6373** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6374** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6375** the database connection.)^
6376** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6377** </dd>
6378**
6379** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6380** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6381** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6382** is always 0.
6383** </dd>
6384**
6385** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6386** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6387** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6388** is always 0.
6389** </dd>
6390**
6391** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6392** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6393** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6394** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6395** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6396** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6397** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6398** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6399** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6400** </dd>
6401**
6402** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6403** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6404** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6405** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6406** </dd>
6407** </dl>
6408*/
6409#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6410#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6411#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6412#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6413#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6414#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6415#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6416#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6417#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6418#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6419#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6420#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6421
6422
6423/*
6424** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6425**
6426** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6427** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6428** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6429** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6430** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6431** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6432** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6433** an index.
6434**
6435** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6436** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6437** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6438** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6439** to be interrogated.)^
6440** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6441** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6442** interface call returns.
6443**
6444** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6445*/
6446SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6447
6448/*
6449** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6450** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6451**
6452** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6453** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6454** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6455**
6456** <dl>
6457** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6458** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6459** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6460** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6461** careful use of indices.</dd>
6462**
6463** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6464** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6465** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6466** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6467**
6468** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6469** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6470** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6471** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6472** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6473** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6474**
6475** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6476** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6477** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6478** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6479** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6480** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6481** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6482** </dd>
6483** </dl>
6484*/
6485#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6486#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6487#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6488#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6489
6490/*
6491** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6492**
6493** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6494** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6495** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6496** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6497** to the object.
6498**
6499** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6500*/
6501typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6502
6503/*
6504** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6505**
6506** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6507** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6508** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6509** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6510**
6511** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6512*/
6513typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6514struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6515  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6516  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6517};
6518
6519/*
6520** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6521** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6522**
6523** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6524** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6525** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6526** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6527** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6528** By implementing a
6529** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6530** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6531** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6532** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6533** how long.
6534**
6535** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6536** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6537** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6538**
6539** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6540** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6541** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6542** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6543**
6544** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6545** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6546** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6547** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6548** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6549** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6550** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6551** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6552** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6553** page cache.)^
6554**
6555** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6556** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6557** It can be used to clean up
6558** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6559** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6560**
6561** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6562** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6563** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6564** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6565** in multithreaded applications.
6566**
6567** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6568** call to xShutdown().
6569**
6570** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6571** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6572** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6573** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6574** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6575** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6576** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6577** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6578** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6579** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6580** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6581** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6582** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6583** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6584** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6585** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6586** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6587** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6588** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6589** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6590** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6591** never contain any unpinned pages.
6592**
6593** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6594** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6595** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6596** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6597** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6598** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6599** value; it is advisory only.
6600**
6601** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6602** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6603** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6604**
6605** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6606** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6607** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6608** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6609** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6610** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6611** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6612** for each entry in the page cache.
6613**
6614** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6615** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6616** to be "pinned".
6617**
6618** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6619** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6620** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6621** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6622** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6623**
6624** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6625** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6626** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6627** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6628**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6629** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6630**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6631** </table>
6632**
6633** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6634** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6635** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6636** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6637** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6638**
6639** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6640** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6641** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6642** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6643** ^If the discard parameter is
6644** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6645** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6646** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6647**
6648** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6649** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6650** to xFetch().
6651**
6652** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6653** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6654** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6655** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6656** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6657** to be pinned.
6658**
6659** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6660** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6661** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6662** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6663** they can be safely discarded.
6664**
6665** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6666** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6667** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6668** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6669** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6670** functions.
6671**
6672** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6673** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6674** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6675** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6676** do their best.
6677*/
6678typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6679struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6680  int iVersion;
6681  void *pArg;
6682  int (*xInit)(void*);
6683  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6684  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6685  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6686  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6687  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6688  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6689  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6690      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6691  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6692  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6693  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6694};
6695
6696/*
6697** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6698** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6699** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6700*/
6701typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6702struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6703  void *pArg;
6704  int (*xInit)(void*);
6705  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6706  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6707  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6708  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6709  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6710  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6711  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6712  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6713  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6714};
6715
6716
6717/*
6718** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6719**
6720** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6721** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6722** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6723** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6724**
6725** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6726*/
6727typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6728
6729/*
6730** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6731**
6732** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6733** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6734** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6735**
6736** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6737**
6738** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6739** for the duration of the backup operation.
6740** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6741** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6742** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6743** preventing other database connections from
6744** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6745**
6746** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6747**   <ol>
6748**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6749**         backup,
6750**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6751**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6752**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6753**         associated with the backup operation.
6754**   </ol>)^
6755** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6756** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6757**
6758** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6759**
6760** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6761** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6762** and the database name, respectively.
6763** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6764** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6765** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6766** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6767** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6768** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6769** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6770** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6771** an error.
6772**
6773** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6774** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6775** destination [database connection] D.
6776** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6777** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6778** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6779** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6780** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6781** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6782** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6783** operation.
6784**
6785** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6786**
6787** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6788** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6789** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6790** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6791** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6792** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6793** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6794** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6795** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6796** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6797** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6798** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6799**
6800** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6801** <ol>
6802** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6803** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6804** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6805** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6806** destination and source page sizes differ.
6807** </ol>)^
6808**
6809** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6810** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6811** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6812** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6813** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6814** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6815** [database connection]
6816** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6817** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6818** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6819** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6820** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6821** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6822** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6823** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6824** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6825**
6826** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6827** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6828** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6829** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6830** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6831** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6832** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6833** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6834** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6835** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6836** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6837** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6838** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6839** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6840** updated at the same time.
6841**
6842** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6843**
6844** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6845** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6846** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6847** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6848** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6849** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6850** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6851** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6852** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6853**
6854** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6855** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6856** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6857** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6858** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6859** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6860**
6861** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6862** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6863** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6864**
6865** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6866** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6867**
6868** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6869** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6870** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6871** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6872** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6873**
6874** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6875** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6876** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6877** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6878** changing.
6879**
6880** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6881**
6882** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6883** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6884** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6885** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6886** from within other threads.
6887**
6888** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6889** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6890** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6891** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6892** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6893** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6894** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6895** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6896**
6897** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6898** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6899** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6900** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6901** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6902** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6903**
6904** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6905** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6906** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6907** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6908** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6909** possible that they return invalid values.
6910*/
6911SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6912  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6913  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6914  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6915  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6916);
6917SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6918SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6919SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6920SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6921
6922/*
6923** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6924**
6925** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6926** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6927** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6928** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6929** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6930** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6931** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6932** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6933**
6934** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6935**
6936** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6937** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6938**
6939** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6940** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6941** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6942** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6943** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6944** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6945** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6946** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6947** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6948** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6949**
6950** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6951** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6952** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6953** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6954** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6955**
6956** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6957** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6958** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6959** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6960**
6961** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6962** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6963** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6964** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6965** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6966** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6967** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6968** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6969**
6970** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6971** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6972** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6973**
6974** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6975** returns SQLITE_OK.
6976**
6977** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6978**
6979** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6980** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6981** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6982** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6983** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6984** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6985**
6986** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6987** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6988** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6989** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6990** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6991** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6992** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6993** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6994**
6995** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6996**
6997** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6998** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6999** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7000** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7001** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7002** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7003** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7004**
7005** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7006** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7007** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7008** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7009** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7010** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7011** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7012** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7013** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7014** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7015** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7016** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7017**
7018** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7019**
7020** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7021** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7022** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7023** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7024** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7025** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7026** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7027** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7028** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7029**
7030** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7031** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7032** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7033** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7034** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7035*/
7036SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7037  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7038  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7039  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7040);
7041
7042
7043/*
7044** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7045**
7046** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7047** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7048** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7049** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7050*/
7051SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7052SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7053
7054/*
7055** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7056*
7057** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7058** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7059** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7060** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7061** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7062** sensitive.
7063**
7064** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7065** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7066*/
7067SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7068
7069/*
7070** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7071**
7072** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7073** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7074** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7075** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7076**
7077** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7078** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7079** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7080** is considered bad form.
7081**
7082** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7083**
7084** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7085** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7086** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7087** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7088** buffer.
7089*/
7090SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7091
7092/*
7093** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7094**
7095** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7096** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
7097** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
7098** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
7099**
7100** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7101** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
7102** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7103**
7104** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7105** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7106** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7107** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7108** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7109** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7110** including those that were just committed.
7111**
7112** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7113** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7114** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7115** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7116** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7117** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7118** are undefined.
7119**
7120** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7121** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7122** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7123** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7124** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7125** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7126*/
7127SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7128  sqlite3*,
7129  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7130  void*
7131);
7132
7133/*
7134** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7135**
7136** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7137** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7138** to automatically [checkpoint]
7139** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7140** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7141** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7142** checkpoints entirely.
7143**
7144** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7145** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7146** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7147** configured by this function.
7148**
7149** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7150** from SQL.
7151**
7152** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7153** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7154**
7155** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7156** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7157** pages.  The use of this interface
7158** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7159** for a particular application.
7160*/
7161SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7162
7163/*
7164** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7165**
7166** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
7167** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
7168** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
7169** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
7170** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
7171** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface initiates a
7172** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE] checkpoint.
7173** Use the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface to get a FULL
7174** or RESET checkpoint.
7175**
7176** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7177** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7178** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
7179** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
7180**
7181** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7182*/
7183SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7184
7185/*
7186** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7187**
7188** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
7189** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
7190** eMode parameter:
7191**
7192** <dl>
7193** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7194**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7195**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
7196**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
7197**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]
7198**   is never invoked.
7199**
7200** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7201**   This mode blocks (it invokes the
7202**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7203**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7204**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7205**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7206**   but not database readers.
7207**
7208** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7209**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
7210**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7211**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback])
7212**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
7213**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
7214**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7215**   but not database readers.
7216** </dl>
7217**
7218** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7219** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
7220** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
7221** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
7222** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
7223** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
7224** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
7225**
7226** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
7227** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7228** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
7229** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7230**
7231** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
7232** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
7233** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
7234** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
7235** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7236** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7237** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7238** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7239** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7240** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7241**
7242** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7243** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
7244** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
7245** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7246** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7247** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
7248** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7249** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
7250** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7251** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7252**
7253** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7254** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
7255** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7256** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7257*/
7258SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7259  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7260  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7261  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7262  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7263  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7264);
7265
7266/*
7267** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
7268**
7269** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
7270** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7271** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
7272** each of these values.
7273*/
7274#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
7275#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
7276#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
7277
7278/*
7279** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7280**
7281** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7282** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7283** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7284**
7285** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7286** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7287**
7288** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7289** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7290** may be added in the future.
7291*/
7292SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7293
7294/*
7295** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7296**
7297** These macros define the various options to the
7298** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7299** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7300**
7301** <dl>
7302** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7303** <dd>Calls of the form
7304** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7305** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7306** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7307** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7308** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7309** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7310** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7311** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7312**
7313** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7314** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7315** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7316** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7317** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7318** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7319** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7320** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7321** had been ABORT.
7322**
7323** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7324** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7325** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7326** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7327** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7328** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7329** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7330** constraint handling.
7331** </dl>
7332*/
7333#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7334
7335/*
7336** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7337**
7338** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7339** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7340** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7341** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7342** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7343** [virtual table].
7344*/
7345SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7346
7347/*
7348** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7349** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7350**
7351** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7352** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7353** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7354**
7355** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7356** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7357** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7358*/
7359#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7360/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7361#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7362/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7363#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7364
7365
7366
7367/*
7368** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7369** builds on processors without floating point support.
7370*/
7371#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7372# undef double
7373#endif
7374
7375#ifdef __cplusplus
7376}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7377#endif
7378#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7379
7380/*
7381** 2010 August 30
7382**
7383** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
7384** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
7385**
7386**    May you do good and not evil.
7387**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
7388**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
7389**
7390*************************************************************************
7391*/
7392
7393#ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7394#define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7395
7396
7397#ifdef __cplusplus
7398extern "C" {
7399#endif
7400
7401typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
7402typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
7403
7404/* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
7405** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
7406*/
7407#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
7408  typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7409#else
7410  typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7411#endif
7412
7413/*
7414** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
7415** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7416**
7417**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
7418*/
7419SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
7420  sqlite3 *db,
7421  const char *zGeom,
7422  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
7423  void *pContext
7424);
7425
7426
7427/*
7428** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
7429** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
7430*/
7431struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
7432  void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
7433  int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
7434  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
7435  void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
7436  void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
7437};
7438
7439/*
7440** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
7441** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7442**
7443**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
7444*/
7445SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
7446  sqlite3 *db,
7447  const char *zQueryFunc,
7448  int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
7449  void *pContext,
7450  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
7451);
7452
7453
7454/*
7455** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
7456** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
7457** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
7458**
7459** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
7460** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
7461** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
7462*/
7463struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
7464  void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
7465  int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
7466  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
7467  void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
7468  void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
7469  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
7470  unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
7471  int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
7472  int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
7473  int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
7474  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
7475  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
7476  int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
7477  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
7478  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
7479};
7480
7481/*
7482** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
7483*/
7484#define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
7485#define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
7486#define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
7487
7488
7489#ifdef __cplusplus
7490}  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
7491#endif
7492
7493#endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
7494
7495