tests/net_test/multinetwork_base.py

#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Copyright 2014 The Android Open Source Project
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Base module for multinetwork tests."""

import errno
import fcntl
import os
import posix
import random
import re
from socket import *  # pylint: disable=wildcard-import
import struct

from scapy import all as scapy

import csocket
import cstruct
import iproute
import net_test


IFF_TUN = 1
IFF_TAP = 2
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000
TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca

SO_BINDTODEVICE = 25

# Setsockopt values.
IP_UNICAST_IF = 50
IPV6_MULTICAST_IF = 17
IPV6_UNICAST_IF = 76

# Cmsg values.
IP_TTL = 2
IP_PKTINFO = 8
IPV6_2292PKTOPTIONS = 6
IPV6_FLOWINFO = 11
IPV6_PKTINFO = 50
IPV6_HOPLIMIT = 52  # Different from IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, this is cmsg only.

# Data structures.
# These aren't constants, they're classes. So, pylint: disable=invalid-name
InPktinfo = cstruct.Struct("in_pktinfo", "@i4s4s", "ifindex spec_dst addr")
In6Pktinfo = cstruct.Struct("in6_pktinfo", "@16si", "addr ifindex")


def HaveUidRouting():
  """Checks whether the kernel supports UID routing."""
  # Create a rule with the UID range selector. If the kernel doesn't understand
  # the selector, it will create a rule with no selectors.
  try:
    iproute.IPRoute().UidRangeRule(6, True, 1000, 2000, 100, 10000)
  except IOError:
    return False

  # Dump all the rules. If we find a rule using the UID range selector, then the
  # kernel supports UID range routing.
  rules = iproute.IPRoute().DumpRules(6)
  result = any("FRA_UID_START" in attrs for rule, attrs in rules)

  # Delete the rule.
  iproute.IPRoute().UidRangeRule(6, False, 1000, 2000, 100, 10000)
  return result

AUTOCONF_TABLE_SYSCTL = "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/accept_ra_rt_table"

HAVE_AUTOCONF_TABLE = os.path.isfile(AUTOCONF_TABLE_SYSCTL)
HAVE_UID_ROUTING = HaveUidRouting()


class UnexpectedPacketError(AssertionError):
  pass


def MakePktInfo(version, addr, ifindex):
  family = {4: AF_INET, 6: AF_INET6}[version]
  if not addr:
    addr = {4: "0.0.0.0", 6: "::"}[version]
  if addr:
    addr = inet_pton(family, addr)
  if version == 6:
    return In6Pktinfo((addr, ifindex)).Pack()
  else:
    return InPktinfo((ifindex, addr, "\x00" * 4)).Pack()


class MultiNetworkBaseTest(net_test.NetworkTest):

  """Base class for all multinetwork tests.

  This class does not contain any test code, but contains code to set up and
  tear a multi-network environment using multiple tun interfaces. The
  environment is designed to be similar to a real Android device in terms of
  rules and routes, and supports IPv4 and IPv6.

  Tests wishing to use this environment should inherit from this class and
  ensure that any setupClass, tearDownClass, setUp, and tearDown methods they
  implement also call the superclass versions.
  """

  # Must be between 1 and 256, since we put them in MAC addresses and IIDs.
  NETIDS = [100, 150, 200, 250]

  # Stores sysctl values to write back when the test completes.
  saved_sysctls = {}

  # Wether to output setup commands.
  DEBUG = False

  # The size of our UID ranges.
  UID_RANGE_SIZE = 1000

  # Rule priorities.
  PRIORITY_UID = 100
  PRIORITY_OIF = 200
  PRIORITY_FWMARK = 300
  PRIORITY_DEFAULT = 999
  PRIORITY_UNREACHABLE = 1000

  # For convenience.
  IPV4_ADDR = net_test.IPV4_ADDR
  IPV6_ADDR = net_test.IPV6_ADDR
  IPV4_PING = net_test.IPV4_PING
  IPV6_PING = net_test.IPV6_PING

  @classmethod
  def UidRangeForNetid(cls, netid):
    return (
        cls.UID_RANGE_SIZE * netid,
        cls.UID_RANGE_SIZE * (netid + 1) - 1
    )

  @classmethod
  def UidForNetid(cls, netid):
    return random.randint(*cls.UidRangeForNetid(netid))

  @classmethod
  def _TableForNetid(cls, netid):
    if cls.AUTOCONF_TABLE_OFFSET and netid in cls.ifindices:
      return cls.ifindices[netid] + (-cls.AUTOCONF_TABLE_OFFSET)
    else:
      return netid

  @staticmethod
  def GetInterfaceName(netid):
    return "nettest%d" % netid

  @staticmethod
  def RouterMacAddress(netid):
    return "02:00:00:00:%02x:00" % netid

  @staticmethod
  def MyMacAddress(netid):
    return "02:00:00:00:%02x:01" % netid

  @staticmethod
  def _RouterAddress(netid, version):
    if version == 6:
      return "fe80::%02x00" % netid
    elif version == 4:
      return "10.0.%d.1" % netid
    else:
      raise ValueError("Don't support IPv%s" % version)

  @classmethod
  def _MyIPv4Address(cls, netid):
    return "10.0.%d.2" % netid

  @classmethod
  def _MyIPv6Address(cls, netid):
    return net_test.GetLinkAddress(cls.GetInterfaceName(netid), False)

  @classmethod
  def MyAddress(cls, version, netid):
    return {4: cls._MyIPv4Address(netid),
            6: cls._MyIPv6Address(netid)}[version]

  @staticmethod
  def IPv6Prefix(netid):
    return "2001:db8:%02x::" % netid

  @staticmethod
  def GetRandomDestination(prefix):
    if "." in prefix:
      return prefix + "%d.%d" % (random.randint(0, 31), random.randint(0, 255))
    else:
      return prefix + "%x:%x" % (random.randint(0, 65535),
                                 random.randint(0, 65535))

  def GetProtocolFamily(self, version):
    return {4: AF_INET, 6: AF_INET6}[version]

  @classmethod
  def CreateTunInterface(cls, netid):
    iface = cls.GetInterfaceName(netid)
    f = open("/dev/net/tun", "r+b")
    ifr = struct.pack("16sH", iface, IFF_TAP | IFF_NO_PI)
    ifr += "\x00" * (40 - len(ifr))
    fcntl.ioctl(f, TUNSETIFF, ifr)
    # Give ourselves a predictable MAC address.
    net_test.SetInterfaceHWAddr(iface, cls.MyMacAddress(netid))
    # Disable DAD so we don't have to wait for it.
    cls.SetSysctl("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/%s/accept_dad" % iface, 0)
    net_test.SetInterfaceUp(iface)
    net_test.SetNonBlocking(f)
    return f

  @classmethod
  def SendRA(cls, netid, retranstimer=None):
    validity = 300                 # seconds
    macaddr = cls.RouterMacAddress(netid)
    lladdr = cls._RouterAddress(netid, 6)

    if retranstimer is None:
      # If no retrans timer was specified, pick one that's as long as the
      # router lifetime. This ensures that no spurious ND retransmits
      # will interfere with test expectations.
      retranstimer = validity

    # We don't want any routes in the main table. If the kernel doesn't support
    # putting RA routes into per-interface tables, configure routing manually.
    routerlifetime = validity if HAVE_AUTOCONF_TABLE else 0

    ra = (scapy.Ether(src=macaddr, dst="33:33:00:00:00:01") /
          scapy.IPv6(src=lladdr, hlim=255) /
          scapy.ICMPv6ND_RA(retranstimer=retranstimer,
                            routerlifetime=routerlifetime) /
          scapy.ICMPv6NDOptSrcLLAddr(lladdr=macaddr) /
          scapy.ICMPv6NDOptPrefixInfo(prefix=cls.IPv6Prefix(netid),
                                      prefixlen=64,
                                      L=1, A=1,
                                      validlifetime=validity,
                                      preferredlifetime=validity))
    posix.write(cls.tuns[netid].fileno(), str(ra))

  @classmethod
  def _RunSetupCommands(cls, netid, is_add):
    for version in [4, 6]:
      # Find out how to configure things.
      iface = cls.GetInterfaceName(netid)
      ifindex = cls.ifindices[netid]
      macaddr = cls.RouterMacAddress(netid)
      router = cls._RouterAddress(netid, version)
      table = cls._TableForNetid(netid)

      # Set up routing rules.
      if HAVE_UID_ROUTING:
        start, end = cls.UidRangeForNetid(netid)
        cls.iproute.UidRangeRule(version, is_add, start, end, table,
                                 cls.PRIORITY_UID)
      cls.iproute.OifRule(version, is_add, iface, table, cls.PRIORITY_OIF)
      cls.iproute.FwmarkRule(version, is_add, netid, table,
                             cls.PRIORITY_FWMARK)

      # Configure routing and addressing.
      #
      # IPv6 uses autoconf for everything, except if per-device autoconf routing
      # tables are not supported, in which case the default route (only) is
      # configured manually. For IPv4 we have to manually configure addresses,
      # routes, and neighbour cache entries (since we don't reply to ARP or ND).
      #
      # Since deleting addresses also causes routes to be deleted, we need to
      # be careful with ordering or the delete commands will fail with ENOENT.
      do_routing = (version == 4 or cls.AUTOCONF_TABLE_OFFSET is None)
      if is_add:
        if version == 4:
          cls.iproute.AddAddress(cls._MyIPv4Address(netid), 24, ifindex)
          cls.iproute.AddNeighbour(version, router, macaddr, ifindex)
        if do_routing:
          cls.iproute.AddRoute(version, table, "default", 0, router, ifindex)
          if version == 6:
            cls.iproute.AddRoute(version, table,
                                 cls.IPv6Prefix(netid), 64, None, ifindex)
      else:
        if do_routing:
          cls.iproute.DelRoute(version, table, "default", 0, router, ifindex)
          if version == 6:
            cls.iproute.DelRoute(version, table,
                                 cls.IPv6Prefix(netid), 64, None, ifindex)
        if version == 4:
          cls.iproute.DelNeighbour(version, router, macaddr, ifindex)
          cls.iproute.DelAddress(cls._MyIPv4Address(netid), 24, ifindex)

  @classmethod
  def SetDefaultNetwork(cls, netid):
    table = cls._TableForNetid(netid) if netid else None
    for version in [4, 6]:
      is_add = table is not None
      cls.iproute.DefaultRule(version, is_add, table, cls.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)

  @classmethod
  def ClearDefaultNetwork(cls):
    cls.SetDefaultNetwork(None)

  @classmethod
  def GetSysctl(cls, sysctl):
    return open(sysctl, "r").read()

  @classmethod
  def SetSysctl(cls, sysctl, value):
    # Only save each sysctl value the first time we set it. This is so we can
    # set it to arbitrary values multiple times and still write it back
    # correctly at the end.
    if sysctl not in cls.saved_sysctls:
      cls.saved_sysctls[sysctl] = cls.GetSysctl(sysctl)
    open(sysctl, "w").write(str(value) + "\n")

  @classmethod
  def _RestoreSysctls(cls):
    for sysctl, value in cls.saved_sysctls.iteritems():
      try:
        open(sysctl, "w").write(value)
      except IOError:
        pass

  @classmethod
  def _ICMPRatelimitFilename(cls, version):
    return "/proc/sys/net/" + {4: "ipv4/icmp_ratelimit",
                               6: "ipv6/icmp/ratelimit"}[version]

  @classmethod
  def _SetICMPRatelimit(cls, version, limit):
    cls.SetSysctl(cls._ICMPRatelimitFilename(version), limit)

  @classmethod
  def setUpClass(cls):
    # This is per-class setup instead of per-testcase setup because shelling out
    # to ip and iptables is slow, and because routing configuration doesn't
    # change during the test.
    cls.iproute = iproute.IPRoute()
    cls.tuns = {}
    cls.ifindices = {}
    if HAVE_AUTOCONF_TABLE:
      cls.SetSysctl(AUTOCONF_TABLE_SYSCTL, -1000)
      cls.AUTOCONF_TABLE_OFFSET = -1000
    else:
      cls.AUTOCONF_TABLE_OFFSET = None

    # Disable ICMP rate limits. These will be restored by _RestoreSysctls.
    for version in [4, 6]:
      cls._SetICMPRatelimit(version, 0)

    for netid in cls.NETIDS:
      cls.tuns[netid] = cls.CreateTunInterface(netid)
      iface = cls.GetInterfaceName(netid)
      cls.ifindices[netid] = net_test.GetInterfaceIndex(iface)

      cls.SendRA(netid)
      cls._RunSetupCommands(netid, True)

    for version in [4, 6]:
      cls.iproute.UnreachableRule(version, True, 1000)

    # Uncomment to look around at interface and rule configuration while
    # running in the background. (Once the test finishes running, all the
    # interfaces and rules are gone.)
    # time.sleep(30)

  @classmethod
  def tearDownClass(cls):
    for version in [4, 6]:
      try:
        cls.iproute.UnreachableRule(version, False, 1000)
      except IOError:
        pass

    for netid in cls.tuns:
      cls._RunSetupCommands(netid, False)
      cls.tuns[netid].close()
    cls._RestoreSysctls()

  def setUp(self):
    self.ClearTunQueues()

  def SetSocketMark(self, s, netid):
    if netid is None:
      netid = 0
    s.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, net_test.SO_MARK, netid)

  def GetSocketMark(self, s):
    return s.getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, net_test.SO_MARK)

  def ClearSocketMark(self, s):
    self.SetSocketMark(s, 0)

  def BindToDevice(self, s, iface):
    if not iface:
      iface = ""
    s.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, iface)

  def SetUnicastInterface(self, s, ifindex):
    # Otherwise, Python thinks it's a 1-byte option.
    ifindex = struct.pack("!I", ifindex)

    # Always set the IPv4 interface, because it will be used even on IPv6
    # sockets if the destination address is a mapped address.
    s.setsockopt(net_test.SOL_IP, IP_UNICAST_IF, ifindex)
    if s.family == AF_INET6:
      s.setsockopt(net_test.SOL_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_IF, ifindex)

  def GetRemoteAddress(self, version):
    return {4: self.IPV4_ADDR, 6: self.IPV6_ADDR}[version]

  def SelectInterface(self, s, netid, mode):
    if mode == "uid":
      raise ValueError("Can't change UID on an existing socket")
    elif mode == "mark":
      self.SetSocketMark(s, netid)
    elif mode == "oif":
      iface = self.GetInterfaceName(netid) if netid else ""
      self.BindToDevice(s, iface)
    elif mode == "ucast_oif":
      self.SetUnicastInterface(s, self.ifindices.get(netid, 0))
    else:
      raise ValueError("Unknown interface selection mode %s" % mode)

  def BuildSocket(self, version, constructor, netid, routing_mode):
    uid = self.UidForNetid(netid) if routing_mode == "uid" else None
    with net_test.RunAsUid(uid):
      family = self.GetProtocolFamily(version)
      s = constructor(family)

    if routing_mode not in [None, "uid"]:
      self.SelectInterface(s, netid, routing_mode)

    return s

  def SendOnNetid(self, version, s, dstaddr, dstport, netid, payload, cmsgs):
    if netid is not None:
      pktinfo = MakePktInfo(version, None, self.ifindices[netid])
      cmsg_level, cmsg_name = {
          4: (net_test.SOL_IP, IP_PKTINFO),
          6: (net_test.SOL_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO)}[version]
      cmsgs.append((cmsg_level, cmsg_name, pktinfo))
    csocket.Sendmsg(s, (dstaddr, dstport), payload, cmsgs, csocket.MSG_CONFIRM)

  def ReceiveEtherPacketOn(self, netid, packet):
    posix.write(self.tuns[netid].fileno(), str(packet))

  def ReceivePacketOn(self, netid, ip_packet):
    routermac = self.RouterMacAddress(netid)
    mymac = self.MyMacAddress(netid)
    packet = scapy.Ether(src=routermac, dst=mymac) / ip_packet
    self.ReceiveEtherPacketOn(netid, packet)

  def ReadAllPacketsOn(self, netid, include_multicast=False):
    packets = []
    while True:
      try:
        packet = posix.read(self.tuns[netid].fileno(), 4096)
        if not packet:
          break
        ether = scapy.Ether(packet)
        # Multicast frames are frames where the first byte of the destination
        # MAC address has 1 in the least-significant bit.
        if include_multicast or not int(ether.dst.split(":")[0], 16) & 0x1:
          packets.append(ether.payload)
      except OSError, e:
        # EAGAIN means there are no more packets waiting.
        if re.match(e.message, os.strerror(errno.EAGAIN)):
          break
        # Anything else is unexpected.
        else:
          raise e
    return packets

  def ClearTunQueues(self):
    # Keep reading packets on all netids until we get no packets on any of them.
    waiting = None
    while waiting != 0:
      waiting = sum(len(self.ReadAllPacketsOn(netid)) for netid in self.NETIDS)

  def assertPacketMatches(self, expected, actual):
    # The expected packet is just a rough sketch of the packet we expect to
    # receive. For example, it doesn't contain fields we can't predict, such as
    # initial TCP sequence numbers, or that depend on the host implementation
    # and settings, such as TCP options. To check whether the packet matches
    # what we expect, instead of just checking all the known fields one by one,
    # we blank out fields in the actual packet and then compare the whole
    # packets to each other as strings. Because we modify the actual packet,
    # make a copy here.
    actual = actual.copy()

    # Blank out IPv4 fields that we can't predict, like ID and the DF bit.
    actualip = actual.getlayer("IP")
    expectedip = expected.getlayer("IP")
    if actualip and expectedip:
      actualip.id = expectedip.id
      actualip.flags &= 5
      actualip.chksum = None  # Change the header, recalculate the checksum.

    # Blank out UDP fields that we can't predict (e.g., the source port for
    # kernel-originated packets).
    actualudp = actual.getlayer("UDP")
    expectedudp = expected.getlayer("UDP")
    if actualudp and expectedudp:
      if expectedudp.sport is None:
        actualudp.sport = None
        actualudp.chksum = None

    # Since the TCP code below messes with options, recalculate the length.
    if actualip:
      actualip.len = None
    actualipv6 = actual.getlayer("IPv6")
    if actualipv6:
      actualipv6.plen = None

    # Blank out TCP fields that we can't predict.
    actualtcp = actual.getlayer("TCP")
    expectedtcp = expected.getlayer("TCP")
    if actualtcp and expectedtcp:
      actualtcp.dataofs = expectedtcp.dataofs
      actualtcp.options = expectedtcp.options
      actualtcp.window = expectedtcp.window
      if expectedtcp.sport is None:
        actualtcp.sport = None
      if expectedtcp.seq is None:
        actualtcp.seq = None
      if expectedtcp.ack is None:
        actualtcp.ack = None
      actualtcp.chksum = None

    # Serialize the packet so that expected packet fields that are only set when
    # a packet is serialized e.g., the checksum) are filled in.
    expected_real = expected.__class__(str(expected))
    actual_real = actual.__class__(str(actual))
    # repr() can be expensive. Call it only if the test is going to fail and we
    # want to see the error.
    if expected_real != actual_real:
      self.assertEquals(repr(expected_real), repr(actual_real))

  def PacketMatches(self, expected, actual):
    try:
      self.assertPacketMatches(expected, actual)
      return True
    except AssertionError:
      return False

  def ExpectNoPacketsOn(self, netid, msg):
    packets = self.ReadAllPacketsOn(netid)
    if packets:
      firstpacket = repr(packets[0])
    else:
      firstpacket = ""
    self.assertFalse(packets, msg + ": unexpected packet: " + firstpacket)

  def ExpectPacketOn(self, netid, msg, expected):
    # To avoid confusion due to lots of ICMPv6 ND going on all the time, drop
    # multicast packets unless the packet we expect to see is a multicast
    # packet. For now the only tests that use this are IPv6.
    ipv6 = expected.getlayer("IPv6")
    if ipv6 and ipv6.dst.startswith("ff"):
      include_multicast = True
    else:
      include_multicast = False

    packets = self.ReadAllPacketsOn(netid, include_multicast=include_multicast)
    self.assertTrue(packets, msg + ": received no packets")

    # If we receive a packet that matches what we expected, return it.
    for packet in packets:
      if self.PacketMatches(expected, packet):
        return packet

    # None of the packets matched. Call assertPacketMatches to output a diff
    # between the expected packet and the last packet we received. In theory,
    # we'd output a diff to the packet that's the best match for what we
    # expected, but this is good enough for now.
    try:
      self.assertPacketMatches(expected, packets[-1])
    except Exception, e:
      raise UnexpectedPacketError(
          "%s: diff with last packet:\n%s" % (msg, e.message))

  def Combinations(self, version):
    """Produces a list of combinations to test."""
    combinations = []

    # Check packets addressed to the IP addresses of all our interfaces...
    for dest_ip_netid in self.tuns:
      ip_if = self.GetInterfaceName(dest_ip_netid)
      myaddr = self.MyAddress(version, dest_ip_netid)
      remoteaddr = self.GetRemoteAddress(version)

      # ... coming in on all our interfaces.
      for netid in self.tuns:
        iif = self.GetInterfaceName(netid)
        combinations.append((netid, iif, ip_if, myaddr, remoteaddr))

    return combinations

  def _FormatMessage(self, iif, ip_if, extra, desc, reply_desc):
    msg = "Receiving %s on %s to %s IP, %s" % (desc, iif, ip_if, extra)
    if reply_desc:
      msg += ": Expecting %s on %s" % (reply_desc, iif)
    else:
      msg += ": Expecting no packets on %s" % iif
    return msg

  def _ReceiveAndExpectResponse(self, netid, packet, reply, msg):
    self.ReceivePacketOn(netid, packet)
    if reply:
      return self.ExpectPacketOn(netid, msg, reply)
    else:
      self.ExpectNoPacketsOn(netid, msg)
      return None