android/os/UserManager.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package android.os;

import android.annotation.SystemApi;
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.app.ActivityManagerNative;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams;

import com.android.internal.R;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Manages users and user details on a multi-user system.
 */
public class UserManager {

    private static String TAG = "UserManager";
    private final IUserManager mService;
    private final Context mContext;

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from adding and removing accounts.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_MODIFY_ACCOUNTS = "no_modify_accounts";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from changing Wi-Fi
     * access points. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect in a managed profile.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_WIFI = "no_config_wifi";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from installing applications.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_INSTALL_APPS = "no_install_apps";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from uninstalling applications.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_UNINSTALL_APPS = "no_uninstall_apps";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from turning on location sharing.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>In a managed profile, location sharing always reflects the primary user's setting, but
     * can be overridden and forced off by setting this restriction to true in the managed profile.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_SHARE_LOCATION = "no_share_location";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from enabling the
     * "Unknown Sources" setting, that allows installation of apps from unknown sources.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_INSTALL_UNKNOWN_SOURCES = "no_install_unknown_sources";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from configuring bluetooth.
     * This does <em>not</em> restrict the user from turning bluetooth on or off.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect in a managed profile.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_BLUETOOTH = "no_config_bluetooth";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from transferring files over
     * USB. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_USB_FILE_TRANSFER = "no_usb_file_transfer";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from configuring user
     * credentials. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_CREDENTIALS = "no_config_credentials";

    /**
     * When set on the primary user this specifies if the user can remove other users.
     * When set on a secondary user, this specifies if the user can remove itself.
     * This restriction has no effect on managed profiles.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_REMOVE_USER = "no_remove_user";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from enabling or
     * accessing debugging features. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_DEBUGGING_FEATURES = "no_debugging_features";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from configuring VPN.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * This restriction has an effect in a managed profile only from
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#MNC}
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_VPN = "no_config_vpn";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from configuring Tethering
     * & portable hotspots. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the
     * primary user. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_TETHERING = "no_config_tethering";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from resetting network settings
     * from Settings. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect on secondary users and managed profiles since only the
     * primary user can reset the network settings of the device.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_NETWORK_RESET = "no_network_reset";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from factory resetting
     * from Settings. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect on secondary users and managed profiles since only the
     * primary user can factory reset the device.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_FACTORY_RESET = "no_factory_reset";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from adding new users and
     * profiles. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect on secondary users and managed profiles since only the
     * primary user can add other users.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_ADD_USER = "no_add_user";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from disabling application
     * verification. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String ENSURE_VERIFY_APPS = "ensure_verify_apps";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from configuring cell
     * broadcasts. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect on secondary users and managed profiles since only the
     * primary user can configure cell broadcasts.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_CELL_BROADCASTS = "no_config_cell_broadcasts";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from configuring mobile
     * networks. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect on secondary users and managed profiles since only the
     * primary user can configure mobile networks.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CONFIG_MOBILE_NETWORKS = "no_config_mobile_networks";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from modifying
     * applications in Settings or launchers. The following actions will not be allowed when this
     * restriction is enabled:
     * <li>uninstalling apps</li>
     * <li>disabling apps</li>
     * <li>clearing app caches</li>
     * <li>clearing app data</li>
     * <li>force stopping apps</li>
     * <li>clearing app defaults</li>
     * <p>
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_APPS_CONTROL = "no_control_apps";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from mounting
     * physical external media. This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the
     * primary user. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_MOUNT_PHYSICAL_MEDIA = "no_physical_media";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from adjusting microphone
     * volume. If set, the microphone will be muted. This can only be set by device owners
     * and profile owners on the primary user. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_UNMUTE_MICROPHONE = "no_unmute_microphone";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is disallowed from adjusting the master
     * volume. If set, the master volume will be muted. This can only be set by device owners
     * and profile owners on the primary user. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_ADJUST_VOLUME = "no_adjust_volume";

    /**
     * Specifies that the user is not allowed to make outgoing
     * phone calls. Emergency calls are still permitted.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     * <p/>This restriction has no effect on managed profiles since call intents are normally
     * forwarded to the primary user.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_OUTGOING_CALLS = "no_outgoing_calls";

    /**
     * Specifies that the user is not allowed to send or receive
     * SMS messages. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_SMS = "no_sms";

    /**
     * Specifies if the user is not allowed to have fun. In some cases, the
     * device owner may wish to prevent the user from experiencing amusement or
     * joy while using the device. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_FUN = "no_fun";

    /**
     * Specifies that windows besides app windows should not be
     * created. This will block the creation of the following types of windows.
     * <li>{@link LayoutParams#TYPE_TOAST}</li>
     * <li>{@link LayoutParams#TYPE_PHONE}</li>
     * <li>{@link LayoutParams#TYPE_PRIORITY_PHONE}</li>
     * <li>{@link LayoutParams#TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT}</li>
     * <li>{@link LayoutParams#TYPE_SYSTEM_ERROR}</li>
     * <li>{@link LayoutParams#TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY}</li>
     *
     * <p>This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CREATE_WINDOWS = "no_create_windows";

    /**
     * Specifies if what is copied in the clipboard of this profile can
     * be pasted in related profiles. Does not restrict if the clipboard of related profiles can be
     * pasted in this profile.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_CROSS_PROFILE_COPY_PASTE = "no_cross_profile_copy_paste";

    /**
     * Specifies if the user is not allowed to use NFC to beam out data from apps.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_OUTGOING_BEAM = "no_outgoing_beam";

    /**
     * Hidden user restriction to disallow access to wallpaper manager APIs. This user restriction
     * is always set for managed profiles.
     * @hide
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_WALLPAPER = "no_wallpaper";

    /**
     * Specifies if the user is not allowed to reboot the device into safe boot mode.
     * This can only be set by device owners and profile owners on the primary user.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_SAFE_BOOT = "no_safe_boot";

    /**
     * Specifies if a user is not allowed to record audio. This restriction is always enabled for
     * background users. The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     * @hide
     */
    public static final String DISALLOW_RECORD_AUDIO = "no_record_audio";

    /**
     * Allows apps in the parent profile to handle web links from the managed profile.
     *
     * This user restriction has an effect only in a managed profile.
     * If set:
     * Intent filters of activities in the parent profile with action
     * {@link android.content.Intent#ACTION_VIEW},
     * category {@link android.content.Intent#CATEGORY_BROWSABLE}, scheme http or https, and which
     * define a host can handle intents from the managed profile.
     * The default value is <code>false</code>.
     *
     * <p/>Key for user restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see #setUserRestrictions(Bundle)
     * @see #getUserRestrictions()
     */
    public static final String ALLOW_PARENT_PROFILE_APP_LINKING
            = "allow_parent_profile_app_linking";

    /**
     * Application restriction key that is used to indicate the pending arrival
     * of real restrictions for the app.
     *
     * <p>
     * Applications that support restrictions should check for the presence of this key.
     * A <code>true</code> value indicates that restrictions may be applied in the near
     * future but are not available yet. It is the responsibility of any
     * management application that sets this flag to update it when the final
     * restrictions are enforced.
     *
     * <p/>Key for application restrictions.
     * <p/>Type: Boolean
     * @see android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#setApplicationRestrictions(
     *      android.content.ComponentName, String, Bundle)
     * @see android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#getApplicationRestrictions(
     *      android.content.ComponentName, String)
     */
    public static final String KEY_RESTRICTIONS_PENDING = "restrictions_pending";

    /** @hide */
    public static final int PIN_VERIFICATION_FAILED_INCORRECT = -3;
    /** @hide */
    public static final int PIN_VERIFICATION_FAILED_NOT_SET = -2;
    /** @hide */
    public static final int PIN_VERIFICATION_SUCCESS = -1;

    private static UserManager sInstance = null;

    /** @hide */
    public synchronized static UserManager get(Context context) {
        if (sInstance == null) {
            sInstance = (UserManager) context.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
        }
        return sInstance;
    }

    /** @hide */
    public UserManager(Context context, IUserManager service) {
        mService = service;
        mContext = context;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the system supports multiple users.
     * @return true if multiple users can be created by user, false if it is a single user device.
     * @hide
     */
    public static boolean supportsMultipleUsers() {
        return getMaxSupportedUsers() > 1
                && SystemProperties.getBoolean("fw.show_multiuserui",
                Resources.getSystem().getBoolean(R.bool.config_enableMultiUserUI));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the user handle for the user that this process is running under.
     *
     * @return the user handle of this process.
     * @hide
     */
    public int getUserHandle() {
        return UserHandle.myUserId();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the user name of the user making this call.  This call is only
     * available to applications on the system image; it requires the
     * MANAGE_USERS permission.
     * @return the user name
     */
    public String getUserName() {
        try {
            return mService.getUserInfo(getUserHandle()).name;
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user name", re);
            return "";
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used to determine whether the user making this call is subject to
     * teleportations.
     *
     * <p>As of {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#LOLLIPOP}, this method can
     * now automatically identify goats using advanced goat recognition technology.</p>
     *
     * @return Returns true if the user making this call is a goat.
     */
    public boolean isUserAGoat() {
        return mContext.getPackageManager()
                .isPackageAvailable("com.coffeestainstudios.goatsimulator");
    }

    /**
     * Used to check if this process is running under the system user. The system user
     * is the initial user that is implicitly created on first boot and hosts most of the
     * system services.
     *
     * @return whether this process is running under the system user.
     */
    public boolean isSystemUser() {
        return UserHandle.myUserId() == UserHandle.USER_OWNER;
    }

    /**
     * Used to check if the user making this call is linked to another user. Linked users may have
     * a reduced number of available apps, app restrictions and account restrictions.
     * @return whether the user making this call is a linked user
     * @hide
     */
    public boolean isLinkedUser() {
        try {
            return mService.isRestricted();
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not check if user is limited ", re);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the calling app is running as a guest user.
     * @return whether the caller is a guest user.
     * @hide
     */
    public boolean isGuestUser() {
        UserInfo user = getUserInfo(UserHandle.myUserId());
        return user != null ? user.isGuest() : false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the calling app is running in a managed profile.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     *
     * @return whether the caller is in a managed profile.
     * @hide
     */
    @SystemApi
    public boolean isManagedProfile() {
        UserInfo user = getUserInfo(UserHandle.myUserId());
        return user != null ? user.isManagedProfile() : false;
    }

    /**
     * Return whether the given user is actively running.  This means that
     * the user is in the "started" state, not "stopped" -- it is currently
     * allowed to run code through scheduled alarms, receiving broadcasts,
     * etc.  A started user may be either the current foreground user or a
     * background user; the result here does not distinguish between the two.
     * @param user The user to retrieve the running state for.
     */
    public boolean isUserRunning(UserHandle user) {
        try {
            return ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().isUserRunning(
                    user.getIdentifier(), false);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return whether the given user is actively running <em>or</em> stopping.
     * This is like {@link #isUserRunning(UserHandle)}, but will also return
     * true if the user had been running but is in the process of being stopped
     * (but is not yet fully stopped, and still running some code).
     * @param user The user to retrieve the running state for.
     */
    public boolean isUserRunningOrStopping(UserHandle user) {
        try {
            return ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().isUserRunning(
                    user.getIdentifier(), true);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the UserInfo object describing a specific user.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     * @param userHandle the user handle of the user whose information is being requested.
     * @return the UserInfo object for a specific user.
     * @hide
     */
    public UserInfo getUserInfo(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getUserInfo(userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user info", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the user-wide restrictions imposed on this user.
     * @return a Bundle containing all the restrictions.
     */
    public Bundle getUserRestrictions() {
        return getUserRestrictions(Process.myUserHandle());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the user-wide restrictions imposed on the user specified by <code>userHandle</code>.
     * @param userHandle the UserHandle of the user for whom to retrieve the restrictions.
     * @return a Bundle containing all the restrictions.
     */
    public Bundle getUserRestrictions(UserHandle userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getUserRestrictions(userHandle.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user restrictions", re);
            return Bundle.EMPTY;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets all the user-wide restrictions for this user.
     * Requires the MANAGE_USERS permission.
     * @param restrictions the Bundle containing all the restrictions.
     * @deprecated use {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#addUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} or
     * {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#clearUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setUserRestrictions(Bundle restrictions) {
        setUserRestrictions(restrictions, Process.myUserHandle());
    }

    /**
     * Sets all the user-wide restrictions for the specified user.
     * Requires the MANAGE_USERS permission.
     * @param restrictions the Bundle containing all the restrictions.
     * @param userHandle the UserHandle of the user for whom to set the restrictions.
     * @deprecated use {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#addUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} or
     * {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#clearUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setUserRestrictions(Bundle restrictions, UserHandle userHandle) {
        try {
            mService.setUserRestrictions(restrictions, userHandle.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set user restrictions", re);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a specific restriction.
     * Requires the MANAGE_USERS permission.
     * @param key the key of the restriction
     * @param value the value for the restriction
     * @deprecated use {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#addUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} or
     * {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#clearUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setUserRestriction(String key, boolean value) {
        Bundle bundle = getUserRestrictions();
        bundle.putBoolean(key, value);
        setUserRestrictions(bundle);
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     * Sets the value of a specific restriction on a specific user.
     * Requires the MANAGE_USERS permission.
     * @param key the key of the restriction
     * @param value the value for the restriction
     * @param userHandle the user whose restriction is to be changed.
     * @deprecated use {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#addUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} or
     * {@link android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager#clearUserRestriction(
     * android.content.ComponentName, String)} instead.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setUserRestriction(String key, boolean value, UserHandle userHandle) {
        try {
            mService.setUserRestriction(key, value, userHandle.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set user restriction", re);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the current user has been disallowed from performing certain actions
     * or setting certain settings.
     *
     * @param restrictionKey The string key representing the restriction.
     * @return {@code true} if the current user has the given restriction, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasUserRestriction(String restrictionKey) {
        return hasUserRestriction(restrictionKey, Process.myUserHandle());
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     * Returns whether the given user has been disallowed from performing certain actions
     * or setting certain settings.
     * @param restrictionKey the string key representing the restriction
     * @param userHandle the UserHandle of the user for whom to retrieve the restrictions.
     */
    public boolean hasUserRestriction(String restrictionKey, UserHandle userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.hasUserRestriction(restrictionKey,
                    userHandle.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not check user restrictions", re);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the serial number for a user.  This is a device-unique
     * number assigned to that user; if the user is deleted and then a new
     * user created, the new users will not be given the same serial number.
     * @param user The user whose serial number is to be retrieved.
     * @return The serial number of the given user; returns -1 if the
     * given UserHandle does not exist.
     * @see #getUserForSerialNumber(long)
     */
    public long getSerialNumberForUser(UserHandle user) {
        return getUserSerialNumber(user.getIdentifier());
    }

    /**
     * Return the user associated with a serial number previously
     * returned by {@link #getSerialNumberForUser(UserHandle)}.
     * @param serialNumber The serial number of the user that is being
     * retrieved.
     * @return Return the user associated with the serial number, or null
     * if there is not one.
     * @see #getSerialNumberForUser(UserHandle)
     */
    public UserHandle getUserForSerialNumber(long serialNumber) {
        int ident = getUserHandle((int) serialNumber);
        return ident >= 0 ? new UserHandle(ident) : null;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a user with the specified name and options.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     *
     * @param name the user's name
     * @param flags flags that identify the type of user and other properties.
     * @see UserInfo
     *
     * @return the UserInfo object for the created user, or null if the user could not be created.
     * @hide
     */
    public UserInfo createUser(String name, int flags) {
        try {
            return mService.createUser(name, flags);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not create a user", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a guest user and configures it.
     * @param context an application context
     * @param name the name to set for the user
     * @hide
     */
    public UserInfo createGuest(Context context, String name) {
        UserInfo guest = createUser(name, UserInfo.FLAG_GUEST);
        if (guest != null) {
            Settings.Secure.putStringForUser(context.getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.Secure.SKIP_FIRST_USE_HINTS, "1", guest.id);
            try {
                Bundle guestRestrictions = mService.getDefaultGuestRestrictions();
                guestRestrictions.putBoolean(DISALLOW_SMS, true);
                guestRestrictions.putBoolean(DISALLOW_INSTALL_UNKNOWN_SOURCES, true);
                mService.setUserRestrictions(guestRestrictions, guest.id);
            } catch (RemoteException re) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Could not update guest restrictions");
            }
        }
        return guest;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a secondary user with the specified name and options and configures it with default
     * restrictions.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     *
     * @param name the user's name
     * @param flags flags that identify the type of user and other properties.
     * @see UserInfo
     *
     * @return the UserInfo object for the created user, or null if the user could not be created.
     * @hide
     */
    public UserInfo createSecondaryUser(String name, int flags) {
        try {
            UserInfo user = mService.createUser(name, flags);
            if (user == null) {
                return null;
            }
            Bundle userRestrictions = mService.getUserRestrictions(user.id);
            addDefaultUserRestrictions(userRestrictions);
            mService.setUserRestrictions(userRestrictions, user.id);
            return user;
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not create a user", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static void addDefaultUserRestrictions(Bundle restrictions) {
        restrictions.putBoolean(DISALLOW_OUTGOING_CALLS, true);
        restrictions.putBoolean(DISALLOW_SMS, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a user with the specified name and options as a profile of another user.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     *
     * @param name the user's name
     * @param flags flags that identify the type of user and other properties.
     * @see UserInfo
     * @param userHandle new user will be a profile of this use.
     *
     * @return the UserInfo object for the created user, or null if the user could not be created.
     * @hide
     */
    public UserInfo createProfileForUser(String name, int flags, int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.createProfileForUser(name, flags, userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not create a user", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     * Marks the guest user for deletion to allow a new guest to be created before deleting
     * the current user who is a guest.
     * @param userHandle
     * @return
     */
    public boolean markGuestForDeletion(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.markGuestForDeletion(userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not mark guest for deletion", re);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the user as enabled, if such an user exists.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     * Note that the default is true, it's only that managed profiles might not be enabled.
     *
     * @param userHandle the id of the profile to enable
     * @hide
     */
    public void setUserEnabled(int userHandle) {
        try {
            mService.setUserEnabled(userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not enable the profile", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the number of users currently created on the device.
     */
    public int getUserCount() {
        List<UserInfo> users = getUsers();
        return users != null ? users.size() : 1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns information for all users on this device.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     * @return the list of users that were created.
     * @hide
     */
    public List<UserInfo> getUsers() {
        try {
            return mService.getUsers(false);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user list", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether it's possible to add more users. Caller must hold the MANAGE_USERS
     * permission.
     *
     * @return true if more users can be added, false if limit has been reached.
     * @hide
     */
    public boolean canAddMoreUsers() {
        final List<UserInfo> users = getUsers(true);
        final int totalUserCount = users.size();
        int aliveUserCount = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < totalUserCount; i++) {
            UserInfo user = users.get(i);
            if (!user.isGuest()) {
                aliveUserCount++;
            }
        }
        return aliveUserCount < getMaxSupportedUsers();
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether it's possible to add more managed profiles. Caller must hold the MANAGE_USERS
     * permission.
     *
     * @return true if more managed profiles can be added, false if limit has been reached.
     * @hide
     */
    public boolean canAddMoreManagedProfiles() {
        try {
            return mService.canAddMoreManagedProfiles();
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not check if we can add more managed profiles", re);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns list of the profiles of userHandle including
     * userHandle itself.
     * Note that this returns both enabled and not enabled profiles. See
     * {@link #getEnabledProfiles(int)} if you need only the enabled ones.
     *
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     * @param userHandle profiles of this user will be returned.
     * @return the list of profiles.
     * @hide
     */
    public List<UserInfo> getProfiles(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getProfiles(userHandle, false /* enabledOnly */);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user list", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns list of the profiles of userHandle including
     * userHandle itself.
     * Note that this returns only enabled.
     *
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     * @param userHandle profiles of this user will be returned.
     * @return the list of profiles.
     * @hide
     */
    public List<UserInfo> getEnabledProfiles(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getProfiles(userHandle, true /* enabledOnly */);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user list", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of UserHandles for profiles associated with the user that the calling process
     * is running on, including the user itself.
     *
     * @return A non-empty list of UserHandles associated with the calling user.
     */
    public List<UserHandle> getUserProfiles() {
        ArrayList<UserHandle> profiles = new ArrayList<UserHandle>();
        List<UserInfo> users = new ArrayList<UserInfo>();
        try {
            users = mService.getProfiles(UserHandle.myUserId(), true /* enabledOnly */);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user list", re);
            return null;
        }
        for (UserInfo info : users) {
            UserHandle userHandle = new UserHandle(info.id);
            profiles.add(userHandle);
        }
        return profiles;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the parent of the profile which this method is called from
     * or null if called from a user that is not a profile.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public UserInfo getProfileParent(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getProfileParent(userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get profile parent", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * If the target user is a managed profile of the calling user or the caller
     * is itself a managed profile, then this returns a badged copy of the given
     * icon to be able to distinguish it from the original icon. For badging an
     * arbitrary drawable use {@link #getBadgedDrawableForUser(
     * android.graphics.drawable.Drawable, UserHandle, android.graphics.Rect, int)}.
     * <p>
     * If the original drawable is a BitmapDrawable and the backing bitmap is
     * mutable as per {@link android.graphics.Bitmap#isMutable()}, the bading
     * is performed in place and the original drawable is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param icon The icon to badge.
     * @param user The target user.
     * @return A drawable that combines the original icon and a badge as
     *         determined by the system.
     * @removed
     */
    public Drawable getBadgedIconForUser(Drawable icon, UserHandle user) {
        return mContext.getPackageManager().getUserBadgedIcon(icon, user);
    }

    /**
     * If the target user is a managed profile of the calling user or the caller
     * is itself a managed profile, then this returns a badged copy of the given
     * drawable allowing the user to distinguish it from the original drawable.
     * The caller can specify the location in the bounds of the drawable to be
     * badged where the badge should be applied as well as the density of the
     * badge to be used.
     * <p>
     * If the original drawable is a BitmapDrawable and the backing bitmap is
     * mutable as per {@link android.graphics.Bitmap#isMutable()}, the bading
     * is performed in place and the original drawable is returned.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param badgedDrawable The drawable to badge.
     * @param user The target user.
     * @param badgeLocation Where in the bounds of the badged drawable to place
     *         the badge. If not provided, the badge is applied on top of the entire
     *         drawable being badged.
     * @param badgeDensity The optional desired density for the badge as per
     *         {@link android.util.DisplayMetrics#densityDpi}. If not provided,
     *         the density of the display is used.
     * @return A drawable that combines the original drawable and a badge as
     *         determined by the system.
     * @removed
     */
    public Drawable getBadgedDrawableForUser(Drawable badgedDrawable, UserHandle user,
            Rect badgeLocation, int badgeDensity) {
        return mContext.getPackageManager().getUserBadgedDrawableForDensity(badgedDrawable, user,
                badgeLocation, badgeDensity);
    }

    /**
     * If the target user is a managed profile of the calling user or the caller
     * is itself a managed profile, then this returns a copy of the label with
     * badging for accessibility services like talkback. E.g. passing in "Email"
     * and it might return "Work Email" for Email in the work profile.
     *
     * @param label The label to change.
     * @param user The target user.
     * @return A label that combines the original label and a badge as
     *         determined by the system.
     * @removed
     */
    public CharSequence getBadgedLabelForUser(CharSequence label, UserHandle user) {
        return mContext.getPackageManager().getUserBadgedLabel(label, user);
    }

    /**
     * Returns information for all users on this device. Requires
     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     *
     * @param excludeDying specify if the list should exclude users being
     *            removed.
     * @return the list of users that were created.
     * @hide
     */
    public List<UserInfo> getUsers(boolean excludeDying) {
        try {
            return mService.getUsers(excludeDying);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user list", re);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes a user and all associated data.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     * @param userHandle the integer handle of the user, where 0 is the primary user.
     * @hide
     */
    public boolean removeUser(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.removeUser(userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not remove user ", re);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Updates the user's name.
     * Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#MANAGE_USERS} permission.
     *
     * @param userHandle the user's integer handle
     * @param name the new name for the user
     * @hide
     */
    public void setUserName(int userHandle, String name) {
        try {
            mService.setUserName(userHandle, name);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set the user name ", re);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the user's photo.
     * @param userHandle the user for whom to change the photo.
     * @param icon the bitmap to set as the photo.
     * @hide
     */
    public void setUserIcon(int userHandle, Bitmap icon) {
        try {
            mService.setUserIcon(userHandle, icon);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set the user icon ", re);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a file descriptor for the user's photo. PNG data can be read from this file.
     * @param userHandle the user whose photo we want to read.
     * @return a {@link Bitmap} of the user's photo, or null if there's no photo.
     * @see com.android.internal.util.UserIcons#getDefaultUserIcon for a default.
     * @hide
     */
    public Bitmap getUserIcon(int userHandle) {
        try {
            ParcelFileDescriptor fd = mService.getUserIcon(userHandle);
            if (fd != null) {
                try {
                    return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd.getFileDescriptor());
                } finally {
                    try {
                        fd.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get the user icon ", re);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the maximum number of users that can be created on this device. A return value
     * of 1 means that it is a single user device.
     * @hide
     * @return a value greater than or equal to 1
     */
    public static int getMaxSupportedUsers() {
        // Don't allow multiple users on certain builds
        if (android.os.Build.ID.startsWith("JVP")) return 1;
        // Svelte devices don't get multi-user.
        if (ActivityManager.isLowRamDeviceStatic()) return 1;
        return SystemProperties.getInt("fw.max_users",
                Resources.getSystem().getInteger(R.integer.config_multiuserMaximumUsers));
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the user switcher should be shown, this will be if there
     * are multiple users that aren't managed profiles.
     * @hide
     * @return true if user switcher should be shown.
     */
    public boolean isUserSwitcherEnabled() {
        List<UserInfo> users = getUsers(true);
        if (users == null) {
           return false;
        }
        int switchableUserCount = 0;
        for (UserInfo user : users) {
            if (user.supportsSwitchTo()) {
                ++switchableUserCount;
            }
        }
        final boolean guestEnabled = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Global.GUEST_USER_ENABLED, 0) == 1;
        return switchableUserCount > 1 || guestEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a serial number on this device for a given userHandle. User handles can be recycled
     * when deleting and creating users, but serial numbers are not reused until the device is wiped.
     * @param userHandle
     * @return a serial number associated with that user, or -1 if the userHandle is not valid.
     * @hide
     */
    public int getUserSerialNumber(int userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getUserSerialNumber(userHandle);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get serial number for user " + userHandle);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a userHandle on this device for a given user serial number. User handles can be
     * recycled when deleting and creating users, but serial numbers are not reused until the device
     * is wiped.
     * @param userSerialNumber
     * @return the userHandle associated with that user serial number, or -1 if the serial number
     * is not valid.
     * @hide
     */
    public int getUserHandle(int userSerialNumber) {
        try {
            return mService.getUserHandle(userSerialNumber);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get userHandle for user " + userSerialNumber);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a Bundle containing any saved application restrictions for this user, for the
     * given package name. Only an application with this package name can call this method.
     * @param packageName the package name of the calling application
     * @return a Bundle with the restrictions as key/value pairs, or null if there are no
     * saved restrictions. The values can be of type Boolean, String or String[], depending
     * on the restriction type, as defined by the application.
     */
    public Bundle getApplicationRestrictions(String packageName) {
        try {
            return mService.getApplicationRestrictions(packageName);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get application restrictions for package " + packageName);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    public Bundle getApplicationRestrictions(String packageName, UserHandle user) {
        try {
            return mService.getApplicationRestrictionsForUser(packageName, user.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get application restrictions for user " + user.getIdentifier());
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    public void setApplicationRestrictions(String packageName, Bundle restrictions,
            UserHandle user) {
        try {
            mService.setApplicationRestrictions(packageName, restrictions, user.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set application restrictions for user " + user.getIdentifier());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets a new challenge PIN for restrictions. This is only for use by pre-installed
     * apps and requires the MANAGE_USERS permission.
     * @param newPin the PIN to use for challenge dialogs.
     * @return Returns true if the challenge PIN was set successfully.
     * @deprecated The restrictions PIN functionality is no longer provided by the system.
     * This method is preserved for backwards compatibility reasons and always returns false.
     */
    public boolean setRestrictionsChallenge(String newPin) {
        return false;
    }

    /** @hide */
    public void removeRestrictions() {
        try {
            mService.removeRestrictions();
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not change restrictions pin");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     * Set restrictions that should apply to any future guest user that's created.
     */
    public void setDefaultGuestRestrictions(Bundle restrictions) {
        try {
            mService.setDefaultGuestRestrictions(restrictions);
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set guest restrictions");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     * Gets the default guest restrictions.
     */
    public Bundle getDefaultGuestRestrictions() {
        try {
            return mService.getDefaultGuestRestrictions();
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not set guest restrictions");
        }
        return new Bundle();
    }

    /**
     * Returns creation time of the user or of a managed profile associated with the calling user.
     * @param userHandle user handle of the user or a managed profile associated with the
     *                   calling user.
     * @return creation time in milliseconds since Epoch time.
     */
    public long getUserCreationTime(UserHandle userHandle) {
        try {
            return mService.getUserCreationTime(userHandle.getIdentifier());
        } catch (RemoteException re) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get user creation time", re);
            return 0;
        }
    }
}