AndroidRuntime.cpp revision 3f1e8b90b05e0fb39240f4c8924d94d8c11f50d1
1/* 2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project 3 * 4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at 7 * 8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 9 * 10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 14 * limitations under the License. 15 */ 16 17#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime" 18//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0 19 20#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h> 21#include <binder/IBinder.h> 22#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h> 23#include <binder/IServiceManager.h> 24#include <utils/Log.h> 25#include <utils/misc.h> 26#include <binder/Parcel.h> 27#include <utils/StringArray.h> 28#include <utils/threads.h> 29#include <cutils/properties.h> 30 31#include <SkGraphics.h> 32#include <SkImageDecoder.h> 33#include <SkImageRef_GlobalPool.h> 34 35#include "jni.h" 36#include "JNIHelp.h" 37#include "android_util_Binder.h" 38 39#include <stdio.h> 40#include <signal.h> 41#include <sys/stat.h> 42#include <sys/types.h> 43#include <signal.h> 44#include <dirent.h> 45#include <assert.h> 46 47 48using namespace android; 49 50extern void register_BindTest(); 51 52extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env); 53extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env); 54extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*); 55extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*); 56extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*); 57extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env); 58extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env); 59extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env); 60extern int register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer(JNIEnv*); 61extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env); 62extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env); 63extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*); 64extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env); 65extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env); 66extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env); 67extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env); 68 69extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env); 70extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env); 71extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env); 72extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env); 73extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env); 74extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env); 75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env); 76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env); 77 78extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env); 79extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env); 80extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env); 81extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env); 82extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env); 83extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env); 84 85extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env); 86extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env); 87extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env); 88extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env); 89extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env); 90 91extern int register_android_util_FloatMath(JNIEnv* env); 92 93namespace android { 94 95/* 96 * JNI-based registration functions. Note these are properly contained in 97 * namespace android. 98 */ 99extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env); 100extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env); 101extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env); 102extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env); 103extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env); 104extern int register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory(JNIEnv* env); 105extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env); 106extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env); 107extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env); 108extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env); 109extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env); 110extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env); 111extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env); 112extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*); 113extern int register_android_graphics_PorterDuff(JNIEnv* env); 114extern int register_android_graphics_Rasterizer(JNIEnv* env); 115extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env); 116extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env); 117extern int register_android_graphics_Xfermode(JNIEnv* env); 118extern int register_android_graphics_PixelFormat(JNIEnv* env); 119extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env); 120extern int register_android_view_GLES20DisplayList(JNIEnv* env); 121extern int register_android_view_GLES20Canvas(JNIEnv* env); 122extern int register_android_view_HardwareRenderer(JNIEnv* env); 123extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env); 124extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env); 125extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env); 126extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env); 127extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env); 128extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env); 129extern int register_android_debug_JNITest(JNIEnv* env); 130extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env); 131extern int register_android_text_format_Time(JNIEnv* env); 132extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env); 133extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env); 134extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env); 135extern int register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor(JNIEnv *env); 136extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env); 137extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env); 138extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env); 139extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env); 140extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env); 141extern int register_android_os_FileUtils(JNIEnv *env); 142extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env); 143extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env); 144extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env); 145extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env); 146extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env); 147extern int register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager(JNIEnv* env); 148extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env); 149extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env); 150extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env); 151extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env); 152extern int register_android_server_Watchdog(JNIEnv* env); 153extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env); 154extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env); 155extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env); 156extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env); 157extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env); 158extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env); 159extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env); 160extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env); 161extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env); 162extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env); 163extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env); 164extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env); 165extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env); 166extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env); 167extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env); 168extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env); 169extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env); 170extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env); 171extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env); 172extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env); 173extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env); 174 175static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL; 176 177static void doThrow(JNIEnv* env, const char* exc, const char* msg = NULL) 178{ 179 if (jniThrowException(env, exc, msg) != 0) 180 assert(false); 181} 182 183/* 184 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main(). 185 */ 186static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) 187{ 188 gCurRuntime->onStarted(); 189} 190 191static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) 192{ 193 gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit(); 194} 195 196static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env, 197 jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup) 198{ 199 gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup); 200} 201 202/* 203 * JNI registration. 204 */ 205static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = { 206 { "nativeFinishInit", "()V", 207 (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit }, 208 { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V", 209 (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit }, 210 { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V", 211 (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup }, 212}; 213 214int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env) 215{ 216 return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit", 217 gMethods, NELEM(gMethods)); 218} 219 220// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 221 222/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL; 223 224 225AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime() : 226 mExitWithoutCleanup(false) 227{ 228 SkGraphics::Init(); 229 // this sets our preference for 16bit images during decode 230 // in case the src is opaque and 24bit 231 SkImageDecoder::SetDeviceConfig(SkBitmap::kRGB_565_Config); 232 // This cache is shared between browser native images, and java "purgeable" 233 // bitmaps. This globalpool is for images that do not either use the java 234 // heap, or are not backed by ashmem. See BitmapFactory.cpp for the key 235 // java call site. 236 SkImageRef_GlobalPool::SetRAMBudget(512 * 1024); 237 // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code 238 // see SkFontHost_android.cpp 239 240 // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options. 241 mOptions.setCapacity(20); 242 243 assert(gCurRuntime == NULL); // one per process 244 gCurRuntime = this; 245} 246 247AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime() 248{ 249 SkGraphics::Term(); 250} 251 252/* 253 * Register native methods using JNI. 254 */ 255/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env, 256 const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods) 257{ 258 return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods); 259} 260 261status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const char* className, 262 jclass clazz, int argc, const char* const argv[]) 263{ 264 JNIEnv* env; 265 jmethodID methodId; 266 267 ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className); 268 269 env = getJNIEnv(); 270 if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) { 271 return UNKNOWN_ERROR; 272 } 273 274 methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V"); 275 if (methodId == NULL) { 276 ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className); 277 return UNKNOWN_ERROR; 278 } 279 280 /* 281 * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it. 282 * Create an array and populate it. 283 */ 284 jclass stringClass; 285 jobjectArray strArray; 286 287 stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String"); 288 strArray = env->NewObjectArray(argc, stringClass, NULL); 289 290 for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) { 291 jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(argv[i]); 292 env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr); 293 } 294 295 env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray); 296 return NO_ERROR; 297} 298 299/* 300 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook. 301 */ 302static void runtime_exit(int code) 303{ 304 gCurRuntime->exit(code); 305} 306 307/* 308 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook. 309 * 310 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file. 311 */ 312static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap) 313{ 314 LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap); 315} 316 317/** 318 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to 319 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread" 320 * for user responsiveness/smoothess. 321 * 322 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode 323 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls 324 * into us) 325 */ 326static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() { 327 IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull(); 328 return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0; 329} 330 331 332/** 333 * Add VM arguments to the to-be-executed VM 334 * Stops at first non '-' argument (also stops at an argument of '--') 335 * Returns the number of args consumed 336 */ 337int AndroidRuntime::addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[]) 338{ 339 int i; 340 341 for (i = 0; i<argc; i++) { 342 if (argv[i][0] != '-') { 343 return i; 344 } 345 if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) { 346 return i+1; 347 } 348 349 JavaVMOption opt; 350 memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt)); 351 opt.optionString = (char*)argv[i]; 352 mOptions.add(opt); 353 } 354 return i; 355} 356 357static int hasDir(const char* dir) 358{ 359 struct stat s; 360 int res = stat(dir, &s); 361 if (res == 0) { 362 return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode); 363 } 364 return 0; 365} 366 367/* 368 * We just want failed write() calls to just return with an error. 369 */ 370static void blockSigpipe() 371{ 372 sigset_t mask; 373 374 sigemptyset(&mask); 375 sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE); 376 if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) != 0) 377 ALOGW("WARNING: SIGPIPE not blocked\n"); 378} 379 380/* 381 * Read the persistent locale. 382 */ 383static void readLocale(char* language, char* region) 384{ 385 char propLang[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX], propRegn[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 386 387 property_get("persist.sys.language", propLang, ""); 388 property_get("persist.sys.country", propRegn, ""); 389 if (*propLang == 0 && *propRegn == 0) { 390 /* Set to ro properties, default is en_US */ 391 property_get("ro.product.locale.language", propLang, "en"); 392 property_get("ro.product.locale.region", propRegn, "US"); 393 } 394 strncat(language, propLang, 2); 395 strncat(region, propRegn, 2); 396 //ALOGD("language=%s region=%s\n", language, region); 397} 398 399/* 400 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be 401 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap". 402 * 403 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options. 404 * 405 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions. 406 */ 407void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf) 408{ 409 JavaVMOption opt; 410 char* start; 411 char* end; 412 413 memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt)); 414 start = extraOptsBuf; 415 while (*start != '\0') { 416 while (*start == ' ') /* skip leading whitespace */ 417 start++; 418 if (*start == '\0') /* was trailing ws, bail */ 419 break; 420 421 end = start+1; 422 while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0') /* find end of token */ 423 end++; 424 if (*end == ' ') 425 *end++ = '\0'; /* mark end, advance to indicate more */ 426 427 opt.optionString = start; 428 mOptions.add(opt); 429 start = end; 430 } 431} 432 433/* 434 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine. 435 * 436 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in. 437 * The "mOptions" vector is updated. 438 * 439 * Returns 0 on success. 440 */ 441int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv) 442{ 443 int result = -1; 444 JavaVMInitArgs initArgs; 445 JavaVMOption opt; 446 char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 447 char stackTraceFileBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 448 char dexoptFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 449 char enableAssertBuf[sizeof("-ea:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 450 char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 451 char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 452 char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 453 char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 454 char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 455 char* stackTraceFile = NULL; 456 bool checkJni = false; 457 bool checkDexSum = false; 458 bool logStdio = false; 459 enum { 460 kEMDefault, 461 kEMIntPortable, 462 kEMIntFast, 463#if defined(WITH_JIT) 464 kEMJitCompiler, 465#endif 466 } executionMode = kEMDefault; 467 468 469 property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, ""); 470 if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) { 471 checkJni = true; 472 } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) { 473 /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */ 474 property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, ""); 475 if (propBuf[0] == '1') { 476 checkJni = true; 477 } 478 } 479 480 property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, ""); 481 if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) { 482 executionMode = kEMIntPortable; 483 } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) { 484 executionMode = kEMIntFast; 485#if defined(WITH_JIT) 486 } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) { 487 executionMode = kEMJitCompiler; 488#endif 489 } 490 491 property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, ""); 492 493 property_get("dalvik.vm.check-dex-sum", propBuf, ""); 494 if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) { 495 checkDexSum = true; 496 } 497 498 property_get("log.redirect-stdio", propBuf, ""); 499 if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) { 500 logStdio = true; 501 } 502 503 strcpy(enableAssertBuf, "-ea:"); 504 property_get("dalvik.vm.enableassertions", enableAssertBuf+4, ""); 505 506 strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:"); 507 property_get("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf+10, ""); 508 509 /* route exit() to our handler */ 510 opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_exit; 511 opt.optionString = "exit"; 512 mOptions.add(opt); 513 514 /* route fprintf() to our handler */ 515 opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_vfprintf; 516 opt.optionString = "vfprintf"; 517 mOptions.add(opt); 518 519 /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */ 520 opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread; 521 opt.optionString = "sensitiveThread"; 522 mOptions.add(opt); 523 524 opt.extraInfo = NULL; 525 526 /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */ 527 //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:jni"; 528 opt.optionString = "-verbose:gc"; 529 mOptions.add(opt); 530 //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:class"; 531 532 /* 533 * The default starting and maximum size of the heap. Larger 534 * values should be specified in a product property override. 535 */ 536 strcpy(heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms"); 537 property_get("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf+4, "4m"); 538 opt.optionString = heapstartsizeOptsBuf; 539 mOptions.add(opt); 540 strcpy(heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx"); 541 property_get("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf+4, "16m"); 542 opt.optionString = heapsizeOptsBuf; 543 mOptions.add(opt); 544 545 // Increase the main thread's interpreter stack size for bug 6315322. 546 opt.optionString = "-XX:mainThreadStackSize=24K"; 547 mOptions.add(opt); 548 549 strcpy(heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit="); 550 property_get("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf+20, ""); 551 if (heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[20] != '\0') { 552 opt.optionString = heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf; 553 mOptions.add(opt); 554 } 555 556 /* 557 * Enable or disable dexopt features, such as bytecode verification and 558 * calculation of register maps for precise GC. 559 */ 560 property_get("dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags", dexoptFlagsBuf, ""); 561 if (dexoptFlagsBuf[0] != '\0') { 562 const char* opc; 563 const char* val; 564 565 opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "v="); /* verification */ 566 if (opc != NULL) { 567 switch (*(opc+2)) { 568 case 'n': val = "-Xverify:none"; break; 569 case 'r': val = "-Xverify:remote"; break; 570 case 'a': val = "-Xverify:all"; break; 571 default: val = NULL; break; 572 } 573 574 if (val != NULL) { 575 opt.optionString = val; 576 mOptions.add(opt); 577 } 578 } 579 580 opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "o="); /* optimization */ 581 if (opc != NULL) { 582 switch (*(opc+2)) { 583 case 'n': val = "-Xdexopt:none"; break; 584 case 'v': val = "-Xdexopt:verified"; break; 585 case 'a': val = "-Xdexopt:all"; break; 586 case 'f': val = "-Xdexopt:full"; break; 587 default: val = NULL; break; 588 } 589 590 if (val != NULL) { 591 opt.optionString = val; 592 mOptions.add(opt); 593 } 594 } 595 596 opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "m=y"); /* register map */ 597 if (opc != NULL) { 598 opt.optionString = "-Xgenregmap"; 599 mOptions.add(opt); 600 601 /* turn on precise GC while we're at it */ 602 opt.optionString = "-Xgc:precise"; 603 mOptions.add(opt); 604 } 605 } 606 607 /* enable debugging; set suspend=y to pause during VM init */ 608 /* use android ADB transport */ 609 opt.optionString = 610 "-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y"; 611 mOptions.add(opt); 612 613 ALOGD("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF"); 614 if (checkJni) { 615 /* extended JNI checking */ 616 opt.optionString = "-Xcheck:jni"; 617 mOptions.add(opt); 618 619 /* set a cap on JNI global references */ 620 opt.optionString = "-Xjnigreflimit:2000"; 621 mOptions.add(opt); 622 623 /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */ 624 //opt.optionString = "-verbose:jni"; 625 //mOptions.add(opt); 626 } 627 628 char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:") + sizeof(propBuf)]; 629 property_get("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold", propBuf, ""); 630 if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) { 631 strcpy(lockProfThresholdBuf, "-Xlockprofthreshold:"); 632 strcat(lockProfThresholdBuf, propBuf); 633 opt.optionString = lockProfThresholdBuf; 634 mOptions.add(opt); 635 } 636 637#if defined(WITH_JIT) 638 /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected opcodes. Eg "1-0a,3c,f1-ff" */ 639 char jitOpBuf[sizeof("-Xjitop:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 640 property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.op", propBuf, ""); 641 if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) { 642 strcpy(jitOpBuf, "-Xjitop:"); 643 strcat(jitOpBuf, propBuf); 644 opt.optionString = jitOpBuf; 645 mOptions.add(opt); 646 } 647 648 /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected methods */ 649 char jitMethodBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmethod:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX]; 650 property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.method", propBuf, ""); 651 if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) { 652 strcpy(jitMethodBuf, "-Xjitmethod:"); 653 strcat(jitMethodBuf, propBuf); 654 opt.optionString = jitMethodBuf; 655 mOptions.add(opt); 656 } 657#endif 658 659 if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) { 660 opt.optionString = "-Xint:portable"; 661 mOptions.add(opt); 662 } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) { 663 opt.optionString = "-Xint:fast"; 664 mOptions.add(opt); 665#if defined(WITH_JIT) 666 } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) { 667 opt.optionString = "-Xint:jit"; 668 mOptions.add(opt); 669#endif 670 } 671 672 if (checkDexSum) { 673 /* perform additional DEX checksum tests */ 674 opt.optionString = "-Xcheckdexsum"; 675 mOptions.add(opt); 676 } 677 678 if (logStdio) { 679 /* convert stdout/stderr to log messages */ 680 opt.optionString = "-Xlog-stdio"; 681 mOptions.add(opt); 682 } 683 684 if (enableAssertBuf[4] != '\0') { 685 /* accept "all" to mean "all classes and packages" */ 686 if (strcmp(enableAssertBuf+4, "all") == 0) 687 enableAssertBuf[3] = '\0'; 688 ALOGI("Assertions enabled: '%s'\n", enableAssertBuf); 689 opt.optionString = enableAssertBuf; 690 mOptions.add(opt); 691 } else { 692 ALOGV("Assertions disabled\n"); 693 } 694 695 if (jniOptsBuf[10] != '\0') { 696 ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf); 697 opt.optionString = jniOptsBuf; 698 mOptions.add(opt); 699 } 700 701 if (stackTraceFileBuf[0] != '\0') { 702 static const char* stfOptName = "-Xstacktracefile:"; 703 704 stackTraceFile = (char*) malloc(strlen(stfOptName) + 705 strlen(stackTraceFileBuf) +1); 706 strcpy(stackTraceFile, stfOptName); 707 strcat(stackTraceFile, stackTraceFileBuf); 708 opt.optionString = stackTraceFile; 709 mOptions.add(opt); 710 } 711 712 /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */ 713 property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, ""); 714 parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf); 715 716 /* Set the properties for locale */ 717 { 718 char langOption[sizeof("-Duser.language=") + 3]; 719 char regionOption[sizeof("-Duser.region=") + 3]; 720 strcpy(langOption, "-Duser.language="); 721 strcpy(regionOption, "-Duser.region="); 722 readLocale(langOption, regionOption); 723 opt.extraInfo = NULL; 724 opt.optionString = langOption; 725 mOptions.add(opt); 726 opt.optionString = regionOption; 727 mOptions.add(opt); 728 } 729 730 /* 731 * We don't have /tmp on the device, but we often have an SD card. Apps 732 * shouldn't use this, but some test suites might want to exercise it. 733 */ 734 opt.optionString = "-Djava.io.tmpdir=/sdcard"; 735 mOptions.add(opt); 736 737 initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4; 738 initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray(); 739 initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size(); 740 initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE; 741 742 /* 743 * Initialize the VM. 744 * 745 * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread. 746 * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing 747 * JNI calls. 748 */ 749 if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) { 750 ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n"); 751 goto bail; 752 } 753 754 result = 0; 755 756bail: 757 free(stackTraceFile); 758 return result; 759} 760 761char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className) 762{ 763 char* result = strdup(className); 764 for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) { 765 if (*cp == '.') { 766 *cp = '/'; 767 } 768 } 769 return result; 770} 771 772/* 773 * Start the Android runtime. This involves starting the virtual machine 774 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class 775 * named by "className". 776 * 777 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified 778 * options string. 779 */ 780void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const char* options) 781{ 782 ALOGD("\n>>>>>> AndroidRuntime START %s <<<<<<\n", 783 className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)"); 784 785 blockSigpipe(); 786 787 /* 788 * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from 789 * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here. 790 */ 791 if (strcmp(options, "start-system-server") == 0) { 792 /* track our progress through the boot sequence */ 793 const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000; 794 LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START, 795 ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC))); 796 } 797 798 const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT"); 799 if (rootDir == NULL) { 800 rootDir = "/system"; 801 if (!hasDir("/system")) { 802 LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist."); 803 return; 804 } 805 setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1); 806 } 807 808 //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL"); 809 //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack); 810 811 /* start the virtual machine */ 812 JNIEnv* env; 813 if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0) { 814 return; 815 } 816 onVmCreated(env); 817 818 /* 819 * Register android functions. 820 */ 821 if (startReg(env) < 0) { 822 ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n"); 823 return; 824 } 825 826 /* 827 * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it. 828 * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string. 829 * Create an array to hold them. 830 */ 831 jclass stringClass; 832 jobjectArray strArray; 833 jstring classNameStr; 834 jstring optionsStr; 835 836 stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String"); 837 assert(stringClass != NULL); 838 strArray = env->NewObjectArray(2, stringClass, NULL); 839 assert(strArray != NULL); 840 classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className); 841 assert(classNameStr != NULL); 842 env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr); 843 optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options); 844 env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 1, optionsStr); 845 846 /* 847 * Start VM. This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will 848 * not return until the VM exits. 849 */ 850 char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className); 851 jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName); 852 if (startClass == NULL) { 853 ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName); 854 /* keep going */ 855 } else { 856 jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main", 857 "([Ljava/lang/String;)V"); 858 if (startMeth == NULL) { 859 ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className); 860 /* keep going */ 861 } else { 862 env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray); 863 864#if 0 865 if (env->ExceptionCheck()) 866 threadExitUncaughtException(env); 867#endif 868 } 869 } 870 free(slashClassName); 871 872 ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n"); 873 if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK) 874 ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n"); 875 if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0) 876 ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n"); 877} 878 879void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code) 880{ 881 if (mExitWithoutCleanup) { 882 ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code); 883 ::_exit(code); 884 } else { 885 ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code); 886 onExit(code); 887 ::exit(code); 888 } 889} 890 891void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env) 892{ 893 // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'. 894} 895 896/* 897 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread. 898 * 899 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated. 900 */ 901/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv() 902{ 903 JNIEnv* env; 904 JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM(); 905 assert(vm != NULL); 906 907 if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) 908 return NULL; 909 return env; 910} 911 912/* 913 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM. 914 * 915 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and 916 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage. 917 */ 918static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv) 919{ 920 JavaVMAttachArgs args; 921 JavaVM* vm; 922 jint result; 923 924 vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM(); 925 assert(vm != NULL); 926 927 args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4; 928 args.name = (char*) threadName; 929 args.group = NULL; 930 931 result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args); 932 if (result != JNI_OK) 933 ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName); 934 935 return result; 936} 937 938/* 939 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM. 940 */ 941static int javaDetachThread(void) 942{ 943 JavaVM* vm; 944 jint result; 945 946 vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM(); 947 assert(vm != NULL); 948 949 result = vm->DetachCurrentThread(); 950 if (result != JNI_OK) 951 ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n"); 952 return result; 953} 954 955/* 956 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we 957 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action. 958 * Note that this function calls free(args) 959 */ 960/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) { 961 void* start = ((void**)args)[0]; 962 void* userData = ((void **)args)[1]; 963 char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2]; // we own this storage 964 free(args); 965 JNIEnv* env; 966 int result; 967 968 /* hook us into the VM */ 969 if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK) 970 return -1; 971 972 /* start the thread running */ 973 result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData); 974 975 /* unhook us */ 976 javaDetachThread(); 977 free(name); 978 979 return result; 980} 981 982/* 983 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback 984 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc(). 985 * 986 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked 987 * into the VM before it really starts executing. 988 */ 989/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc( 990 android_thread_func_t entryFunction, 991 void* userData, 992 const char* threadName, 993 int32_t threadPriority, 994 size_t threadStackSize, 995 android_thread_id_t* threadId) 996{ 997 void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*)); // javaThreadShell must free 998 int result; 999 1000 assert(threadName != NULL); 1001 1002 args[0] = (void*) entryFunction; 1003 args[1] = userData; 1004 args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName); // javaThreadShell must free 1005 1006 result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args, 1007 threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId); 1008 return result; 1009} 1010 1011/* 1012 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM. 1013 * 1014 * This is called from elsewhere in the library. 1015 */ 1016/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name, 1017 void (*start)(void *), void* arg) 1018{ 1019 android_thread_id_t threadId = 0; 1020 javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name, 1021 ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId); 1022 return threadId; 1023} 1024 1025#if 0 1026static void quickTest(void* arg) 1027{ 1028 const char* str = (const char*) arg; 1029 1030 printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str); 1031} 1032#endif 1033 1034#ifdef NDEBUG 1035 #define REG_JNI(name) { name } 1036 struct RegJNIRec { 1037 int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*); 1038 }; 1039#else 1040 #define REG_JNI(name) { name, #name } 1041 struct RegJNIRec { 1042 int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*); 1043 const char* mName; 1044 }; 1045#endif 1046 1047typedef void (*RegJAMProc)(); 1048 1049static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env) 1050{ 1051 for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { 1052 if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) { 1053#ifndef NDEBUG 1054 ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName); 1055#endif 1056 return -1; 1057 } 1058 } 1059 return 0; 1060} 1061 1062static void register_jam_procs(const RegJAMProc array[], size_t count) 1063{ 1064 for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { 1065 array[i](); 1066 } 1067} 1068 1069static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = { 1070 REG_JNI(register_android_debug_JNITest), 1071 REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit), 1072 REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock), 1073 REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog), 1074 REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log), 1075 REG_JNI(register_android_util_FloatMath), 1076 REG_JNI(register_android_text_format_Time), 1077 REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager), 1078 REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock), 1079 REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock), 1080 REG_JNI(register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory), 1081 REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter), 1082 REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi), 1083 REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice), 1084 REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap), 1085 REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process), 1086 REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties), 1087 REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder), 1088 REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel), 1089 REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver), 1090 REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils), 1091 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PixelFormat), 1092 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics), 1093 REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20DisplayList), 1094 REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20Canvas), 1095 REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareRenderer), 1096 REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface), 1097 REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView), 1098 REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl), 1099 REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl), 1100 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14), 1101 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10), 1102 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext), 1103 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11), 1104 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext), 1105 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20), 1106 1107 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap), 1108 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory), 1109 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder), 1110 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera), 1111 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas), 1112 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter), 1113 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter), 1114 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator), 1115 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer), 1116 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter), 1117 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix), 1118 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie), 1119 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch), 1120 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint), 1121 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path), 1122 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure), 1123 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect), 1124 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture), 1125 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff), 1126 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer), 1127 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region), 1128 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader), 1129 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture), 1130 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface), 1131 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode), 1132 REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage), 1133 1134 REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow), 1135 REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection), 1136 REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal), 1137 REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug), 1138 REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug), 1139 REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver), 1140 REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileUtils), 1141 REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue), 1142 REG_JNI(register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor), 1143 REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux), 1144 REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace), 1145 REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver), 1146 REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl), 1147 REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils), 1148 REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats), 1149 REG_JNI(register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager), 1150 REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile), 1151 REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit), 1152 REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera), 1153 REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager), 1154 REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort), 1155 REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice), 1156 REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection), 1157 REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest), 1158 REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord), 1159 REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem), 1160 REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack), 1161 REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer), 1162 REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator), 1163 1164 REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes), 1165 REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger), 1166 REG_JNI(register_android_server_Watchdog), 1167 REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap), 1168 REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput), 1169 REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput), 1170 REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase), 1171 REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher), 1172 REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup), 1173 REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread), 1174 REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity), 1175 REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel), 1176 REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver), 1177 REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent), 1178 REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent), 1179 REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon), 1180 REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker), 1181 1182 REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner), 1183 REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration), 1184 1185 REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder), 1186 REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper), 1187}; 1188 1189/* 1190 * Register android native functions with the VM. 1191 */ 1192/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env) 1193{ 1194 /* 1195 * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be 1196 * attached to the JavaVM. (This needs to go away in favor of JNI 1197 * Attach calls.) 1198 */ 1199 androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc); 1200 1201 ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n"); 1202 1203 /* 1204 * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return 1205 * a local reference (e.g. FindClass). Because we haven't really 1206 * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame 1207 * and never released. Use Push/Pop to manage the storage. 1208 */ 1209 env->PushLocalFrame(200); 1210 1211 if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) { 1212 env->PopLocalFrame(NULL); 1213 return -1; 1214 } 1215 env->PopLocalFrame(NULL); 1216 1217 //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello"); 1218 1219 return 0; 1220} 1221 1222AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime() 1223{ 1224 return gCurRuntime; 1225} 1226 1227/** 1228 * Used by WithFramework to register native functions. 1229 */ 1230extern "C" 1231jint Java_com_android_internal_util_WithFramework_registerNatives( 1232 JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) { 1233 return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env); 1234} 1235 1236/** 1237 * Used by LoadClass to register native functions. 1238 */ 1239extern "C" 1240jint Java_LoadClass_registerNatives(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) { 1241 return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env); 1242} 1243 1244} // namespace android 1245