AndroidRuntime.cpp revision e5360fbf3efe85427f7e7f59afe7bbeddb4949ac 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
18//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
19
20#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
21#include <binder/IBinder.h>
22#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
23#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
24#include <utils/Log.h>
25#include <utils/misc.h>
26#include <binder/Parcel.h>
27#include <utils/StringArray.h>
28#include <utils/threads.h>
29#include <cutils/properties.h>
30
31#include <SkGraphics.h>
32#include <SkImageDecoder.h>
33#include <SkImageRef_GlobalPool.h>
34
35#include "jni.h"
36#include "JNIHelp.h"
37#include "android_util_Binder.h"
38
39#include <stdio.h>
40#include <signal.h>
41#include <sys/stat.h>
42#include <sys/types.h>
43#include <signal.h>
44#include <dirent.h>
45#include <assert.h>
46
47
48using namespace android;
49
50extern void register_BindTest();
51
52extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
53extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
54extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
55extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
56extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
57extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
58extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
59extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
60extern int register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer(JNIEnv*);
61extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
64extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
66extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
68
69extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
70extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
71extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
72extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
73extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
76
77extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
78extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
79extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
80extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
81extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
82
83extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
84extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
85extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
86extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
87extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
88
89extern int register_android_util_FloatMath(JNIEnv* env);
90
91namespace android {
92
93/*
94 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
95 * namespace android.
96 */
97extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
98extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
99extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
100extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
101extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
102extern int register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory(JNIEnv* env);
103extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
104extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
105extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
106extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
107extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
108extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
109extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
110extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
111extern int register_android_graphics_PorterDuff(JNIEnv* env);
112extern int register_android_graphics_Rasterizer(JNIEnv* env);
113extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_graphics_Xfermode(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_graphics_PixelFormat(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_view_Display(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_view_GLES20Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_view_HardwareRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_debug_JNITest(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_text_format_Time(JNIEnv* env);
130extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
132extern int register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor(JNIEnv *env);
133extern int register_android_os_Power(JNIEnv *env);
134extern int register_android_os_StatFs(JNIEnv *env);
135extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
136extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
138extern int register_android_os_FileUtils(JNIEnv *env);
139extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
146extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
147extern int register_android_text_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
148extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
149extern int register_android_bluetooth_HeadsetBase(JNIEnv* env);
150extern int register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothAudioGateway(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothSocket(JNIEnv *env);
152extern int register_android_server_BluetoothService(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_server_BluetoothEventLoop(JNIEnv *env);
154extern int register_android_server_BluetoothA2dpService(JNIEnv* env);
155extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
156extern int register_android_server_Watchdog(JNIEnv* env);
157extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env);
159extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
160extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
161extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
162extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
163extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
164extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
165extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
168extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
169extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
171extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
175extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
176
177static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
178
179static void doThrow(JNIEnv* env, const char* exc, const char* msg = NULL)
180{
181    if (jniThrowException(env, exc, msg) != 0)
182        assert(false);
183}
184
185/*
186 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
187 */
188static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_finishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
189{
190    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
191}
192
193static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
194{
195    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
196}
197
198static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_isComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
199{
200    return 1;
201}
202
203static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_turnComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
204{
205}
206
207static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_getQwertyKeyboard(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
208{
209    char* value = getenv("qwerty");
210    if (value != NULL && strcmp(value, "true") == 0) {
211        return 1;
212    }
213
214    return 0;
215}
216
217/*
218 * JNI registration.
219 */
220static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
221    { "finishInit", "()V",
222        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_finishInit },
223    { "zygoteInitNative", "()V",
224        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit },
225    { "isComputerOn", "()I",
226        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_isComputerOn },
227    { "turnComputerOn", "()V",
228        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_turnComputerOn },
229    { "getQwertyKeyboard", "()I",
230        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_getQwertyKeyboard },
231};
232
233int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
234{
235    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
236        gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
237}
238
239// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
240
241/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
242
243
244AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime()
245{
246    SkGraphics::Init();
247    // this sets our preference for 16bit images during decode
248    // in case the src is opaque and 24bit
249    SkImageDecoder::SetDeviceConfig(SkBitmap::kRGB_565_Config);
250    // This cache is shared between browser native images, and java "purgeable"
251    // bitmaps. This globalpool is for images that do not either use the java
252    // heap, or are not backed by ashmem. See BitmapFactory.cpp for the key
253    // java call site.
254    SkImageRef_GlobalPool::SetRAMBudget(512 * 1024);
255    // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code
256    // see SkFontHost_android.cpp
257
258    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
259    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
260
261    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
262    gCurRuntime = this;
263}
264
265AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
266{
267    SkGraphics::Term();
268}
269
270/*
271 * Register native methods using JNI.
272 */
273/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
274    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
275{
276    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
277}
278
279status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const char* className,
280    jclass clazz, int argc, const char* const argv[])
281{
282    JNIEnv* env;
283    jmethodID methodId;
284
285    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className);
286
287    env = getJNIEnv();
288    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
289        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
290    }
291
292    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
293    if (methodId == NULL) {
294        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className);
295        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
296    }
297
298    /*
299     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
300     * Create an array and populate it.
301     */
302    jclass stringClass;
303    jobjectArray strArray;
304
305    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
306    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(argc, stringClass, NULL);
307
308    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
309        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(argv[i]);
310        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
311    }
312
313    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
314    return NO_ERROR;
315}
316
317/*
318 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
319 */
320static void runtime_exit(int code)
321{
322    gCurRuntime->onExit(code);
323    exit(code);
324}
325
326/*
327 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
328 *
329 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
330 */
331static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
332{
333    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
334}
335
336/**
337 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
338 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
339 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
340 *
341 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
342 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
343 * into us)
344 */
345static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
346    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
347    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
348}
349
350
351/**
352 * Add VM arguments to the to-be-executed VM
353 * Stops at first non '-' argument (also stops at an argument of '--')
354 * Returns the number of args consumed
355 */
356int AndroidRuntime::addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[])
357{
358    int i;
359
360    for (i = 0; i<argc; i++) {
361        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
362            return i;
363        }
364        if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
365            return i+1;
366        }
367
368        JavaVMOption opt;
369        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
370        opt.optionString = (char*)argv[i];
371        mOptions.add(opt);
372    }
373    return i;
374}
375
376static int hasDir(const char* dir)
377{
378    struct stat s;
379    int res = stat(dir, &s);
380    if (res == 0) {
381        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
382    }
383    return 0;
384}
385
386/*
387 * We just want failed write() calls to just return with an error.
388 */
389static void blockSigpipe()
390{
391    sigset_t mask;
392
393    sigemptyset(&mask);
394    sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE);
395    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) != 0)
396        ALOGW("WARNING: SIGPIPE not blocked\n");
397}
398
399/*
400 * Read the persistent locale.
401 */
402static void readLocale(char* language, char* region)
403{
404    char propLang[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX], propRegn[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
405
406    property_get("persist.sys.language", propLang, "");
407    property_get("persist.sys.country", propRegn, "");
408    if (*propLang == 0 && *propRegn == 0) {
409        /* Set to ro properties, default is en_US */
410        property_get("ro.product.locale.language", propLang, "en");
411        property_get("ro.product.locale.region", propRegn, "US");
412    }
413    strncat(language, propLang, 2);
414    strncat(region, propRegn, 2);
415    //ALOGD("language=%s region=%s\n", language, region);
416}
417
418/*
419 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
420 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
421 *
422 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
423 *
424 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
425 */
426void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf)
427{
428    JavaVMOption opt;
429    char* start;
430    char* end;
431
432    memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
433    start = extraOptsBuf;
434    while (*start != '\0') {
435        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
436            start++;
437        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
438            break;
439
440        end = start+1;
441        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
442            end++;
443        if (*end == ' ')
444            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
445
446        opt.optionString = start;
447        mOptions.add(opt);
448        start = end;
449    }
450}
451
452/*
453 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
454 *
455 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
456 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
457 *
458 * Returns 0 on success.
459 */
460int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv)
461{
462    int result = -1;
463    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
464    JavaVMOption opt;
465    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
466    char stackTraceFileBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
467    char dexoptFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
468    char enableAssertBuf[sizeof("-ea:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
469    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
470    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
471    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
472    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
473    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
474    char* stackTraceFile = NULL;
475    bool checkJni = false;
476    bool checkDexSum = false;
477    bool logStdio = false;
478    enum {
479      kEMDefault,
480      kEMIntPortable,
481      kEMIntFast,
482#if defined(WITH_JIT)
483      kEMJitCompiler,
484#endif
485    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
486
487
488    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
489    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
490        checkJni = true;
491    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
492        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
493        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
494        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
495            checkJni = true;
496        }
497    }
498
499    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
500    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
501        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
502    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
503        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
504#if defined(WITH_JIT)
505    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
506        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
507#endif
508    }
509
510    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "");
511
512    property_get("dalvik.vm.check-dex-sum", propBuf, "");
513    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
514        checkDexSum = true;
515    }
516
517    property_get("log.redirect-stdio", propBuf, "");
518    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
519        logStdio = true;
520    }
521
522    strcpy(enableAssertBuf, "-ea:");
523    property_get("dalvik.vm.enableassertions", enableAssertBuf+4, "");
524
525    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
526    property_get("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf+10, "");
527
528    /* route exit() to our handler */
529    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_exit;
530    opt.optionString = "exit";
531    mOptions.add(opt);
532
533    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
534    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_vfprintf;
535    opt.optionString = "vfprintf";
536    mOptions.add(opt);
537
538    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
539    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread;
540    opt.optionString = "sensitiveThread";
541    mOptions.add(opt);
542
543    opt.extraInfo = NULL;
544
545    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
546    //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:jni";
547    opt.optionString = "-verbose:gc";
548    mOptions.add(opt);
549    //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:class";
550
551    /*
552     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
553     * values should be specified in a product property override.
554     */
555    strcpy(heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms");
556    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf+4, "4m");
557    opt.optionString = heapstartsizeOptsBuf;
558    mOptions.add(opt);
559    strcpy(heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx");
560    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf+4, "16m");
561    opt.optionString = heapsizeOptsBuf;
562    mOptions.add(opt);
563
564    strcpy(heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
565    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf+20, "");
566    if (heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[20] != '\0') {
567        opt.optionString = heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf;
568        mOptions.add(opt);
569    }
570
571    /*
572     * Enable or disable dexopt features, such as bytecode verification and
573     * calculation of register maps for precise GC.
574     */
575    property_get("dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags", dexoptFlagsBuf, "");
576    if (dexoptFlagsBuf[0] != '\0') {
577        const char* opc;
578        const char* val;
579
580        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "v=");     /* verification */
581        if (opc != NULL) {
582            switch (*(opc+2)) {
583            case 'n':   val = "-Xverify:none";      break;
584            case 'r':   val = "-Xverify:remote";    break;
585            case 'a':   val = "-Xverify:all";       break;
586            default:    val = NULL;                 break;
587            }
588
589            if (val != NULL) {
590                opt.optionString = val;
591                mOptions.add(opt);
592            }
593        }
594
595        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "o=");     /* optimization */
596        if (opc != NULL) {
597            switch (*(opc+2)) {
598            case 'n':   val = "-Xdexopt:none";      break;
599            case 'v':   val = "-Xdexopt:verified";  break;
600            case 'a':   val = "-Xdexopt:all";       break;
601            case 'f':   val = "-Xdexopt:full";      break;
602            default:    val = NULL;                 break;
603            }
604
605            if (val != NULL) {
606                opt.optionString = val;
607                mOptions.add(opt);
608            }
609        }
610
611        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "m=y");    /* register map */
612        if (opc != NULL) {
613            opt.optionString = "-Xgenregmap";
614            mOptions.add(opt);
615
616            /* turn on precise GC while we're at it */
617            opt.optionString = "-Xgc:precise";
618            mOptions.add(opt);
619        }
620    }
621
622    /* enable debugging; set suspend=y to pause during VM init */
623    /* use android ADB transport */
624    opt.optionString =
625        "-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y";
626    mOptions.add(opt);
627
628    ALOGD("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
629    if (checkJni) {
630        /* extended JNI checking */
631        opt.optionString = "-Xcheck:jni";
632        mOptions.add(opt);
633
634        /* set a cap on JNI global references */
635        opt.optionString = "-Xjnigreflimit:2000";
636        mOptions.add(opt);
637
638        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
639        //opt.optionString = "-verbose:jni";
640        //mOptions.add(opt);
641    }
642
643    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:") + sizeof(propBuf)];
644    property_get("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold", propBuf, "");
645    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
646      strcpy(lockProfThresholdBuf, "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
647      strcat(lockProfThresholdBuf, propBuf);
648      opt.optionString = lockProfThresholdBuf;
649      mOptions.add(opt);
650    }
651
652#if defined(WITH_JIT)
653    /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected opcodes. Eg "1-0a,3c,f1-ff" */
654    char jitOpBuf[sizeof("-Xjitop:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
655    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.op", propBuf, "");
656    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
657        strcpy(jitOpBuf, "-Xjitop:");
658        strcat(jitOpBuf, propBuf);
659        opt.optionString = jitOpBuf;
660        mOptions.add(opt);
661    }
662
663    /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected methods */
664    char jitMethodBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmethod:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
665    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.method", propBuf, "");
666    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
667        strcpy(jitMethodBuf, "-Xjitmethod:");
668        strcat(jitMethodBuf, propBuf);
669        opt.optionString = jitMethodBuf;
670        mOptions.add(opt);
671    }
672#endif
673
674    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
675        opt.optionString = "-Xint:portable";
676        mOptions.add(opt);
677    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
678        opt.optionString = "-Xint:fast";
679        mOptions.add(opt);
680#if defined(WITH_JIT)
681    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
682        opt.optionString = "-Xint:jit";
683        mOptions.add(opt);
684#endif
685    }
686
687    if (checkDexSum) {
688        /* perform additional DEX checksum tests */
689        opt.optionString = "-Xcheckdexsum";
690        mOptions.add(opt);
691    }
692
693    if (logStdio) {
694        /* convert stdout/stderr to log messages */
695        opt.optionString = "-Xlog-stdio";
696        mOptions.add(opt);
697    }
698
699    if (enableAssertBuf[4] != '\0') {
700        /* accept "all" to mean "all classes and packages" */
701        if (strcmp(enableAssertBuf+4, "all") == 0)
702            enableAssertBuf[3] = '\0';
703        ALOGI("Assertions enabled: '%s'\n", enableAssertBuf);
704        opt.optionString = enableAssertBuf;
705        mOptions.add(opt);
706    } else {
707        ALOGV("Assertions disabled\n");
708    }
709
710    if (jniOptsBuf[10] != '\0') {
711        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
712        opt.optionString = jniOptsBuf;
713        mOptions.add(opt);
714    }
715
716    if (stackTraceFileBuf[0] != '\0') {
717        static const char* stfOptName = "-Xstacktracefile:";
718
719        stackTraceFile = (char*) malloc(strlen(stfOptName) +
720            strlen(stackTraceFileBuf) +1);
721        strcpy(stackTraceFile, stfOptName);
722        strcat(stackTraceFile, stackTraceFileBuf);
723        opt.optionString = stackTraceFile;
724        mOptions.add(opt);
725    }
726
727    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
728    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
729    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf);
730
731    /* Set the properties for locale */
732    {
733        char langOption[sizeof("-Duser.language=") + 3];
734        char regionOption[sizeof("-Duser.region=") + 3];
735        strcpy(langOption, "-Duser.language=");
736        strcpy(regionOption, "-Duser.region=");
737        readLocale(langOption, regionOption);
738        opt.extraInfo = NULL;
739        opt.optionString = langOption;
740        mOptions.add(opt);
741        opt.optionString = regionOption;
742        mOptions.add(opt);
743    }
744
745    /*
746     * We don't have /tmp on the device, but we often have an SD card.  Apps
747     * shouldn't use this, but some test suites might want to exercise it.
748     */
749    opt.optionString = "-Djava.io.tmpdir=/sdcard";
750    mOptions.add(opt);
751
752    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
753    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
754    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
755    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
756
757    /*
758     * Initialize the VM.
759     *
760     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
761     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
762     * JNI calls.
763     */
764    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
765        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
766        goto bail;
767    }
768
769    result = 0;
770
771bail:
772    free(stackTraceFile);
773    return result;
774}
775
776char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
777{
778    char* result = strdup(className);
779    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
780        if (*cp == '.') {
781            *cp = '/';
782        }
783    }
784    return result;
785}
786
787/*
788 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
789 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
790 * named by "className".
791 *
792 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
793 * options string.
794 */
795void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const char* options)
796{
797    ALOGD("\n>>>>>> AndroidRuntime START %s <<<<<<\n",
798            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)");
799
800    blockSigpipe();
801
802    /*
803     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
804     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
805     */
806    if (strcmp(options, "start-system-server") == 0) {
807        /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
808        const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
809        LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,
810                       ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
811    }
812
813    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
814    if (rootDir == NULL) {
815        rootDir = "/system";
816        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
817            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
818            return;
819        }
820        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
821    }
822
823    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
824    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
825
826    /* start the virtual machine */
827    JNIEnv* env;
828    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0) {
829        return;
830    }
831    onVmCreated(env);
832
833    /*
834     * Register android functions.
835     */
836    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
837        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
838        return;
839    }
840
841    /*
842     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
843     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
844     * Create an array to hold them.
845     */
846    jclass stringClass;
847    jobjectArray strArray;
848    jstring classNameStr;
849    jstring optionsStr;
850
851    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
852    assert(stringClass != NULL);
853    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(2, stringClass, NULL);
854    assert(strArray != NULL);
855    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
856    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
857    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
858    optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options);
859    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 1, optionsStr);
860
861    /*
862     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
863     * not return until the VM exits.
864     */
865    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
866    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
867    if (startClass == NULL) {
868        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
869        /* keep going */
870    } else {
871        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
872            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
873        if (startMeth == NULL) {
874            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
875            /* keep going */
876        } else {
877            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
878
879#if 0
880            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
881                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
882#endif
883        }
884    }
885    free(slashClassName);
886
887    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
888    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
889        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
890    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
891        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
892}
893
894void AndroidRuntime::onExit(int code)
895{
896    ALOGV("AndroidRuntime onExit calling exit(%d)", code);
897    exit(code);
898}
899
900void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
901{
902    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
903}
904
905/*
906 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
907 *
908 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
909 */
910/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
911{
912    JNIEnv* env;
913    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
914    assert(vm != NULL);
915
916    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
917        return NULL;
918    return env;
919}
920
921/*
922 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
923 *
924 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
925 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
926 */
927static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
928{
929    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
930    JavaVM* vm;
931    jint result;
932
933    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
934    assert(vm != NULL);
935
936    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
937    args.name = (char*) threadName;
938    args.group = NULL;
939
940    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
941    if (result != JNI_OK)
942        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
943
944    return result;
945}
946
947/*
948 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
949 */
950static int javaDetachThread(void)
951{
952    JavaVM* vm;
953    jint result;
954
955    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
956    assert(vm != NULL);
957
958    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
959    if (result != JNI_OK)
960        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
961    return result;
962}
963
964/*
965 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
966 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
967 * Note that this function calls free(args)
968 */
969/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
970    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
971    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
972    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
973    free(args);
974    JNIEnv* env;
975    int result;
976
977    /* hook us into the VM */
978    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
979        return -1;
980
981    /* start the thread running */
982    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
983
984    /* unhook us */
985    javaDetachThread();
986    free(name);
987
988    return result;
989}
990
991/*
992 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
993 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
994 *
995 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
996 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
997 */
998/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
999                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1000                                void* userData,
1001                                const char* threadName,
1002                                int32_t threadPriority,
1003                                size_t threadStackSize,
1004                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1005{
1006    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1007    int result;
1008
1009    assert(threadName != NULL);
1010
1011    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1012    args[1] = userData;
1013    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1014
1015    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1016        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1017    return result;
1018}
1019
1020/*
1021 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1022 *
1023 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1024 */
1025/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1026    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1027{
1028    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1029    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1030        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1031    return threadId;
1032}
1033
1034#if 0
1035static void quickTest(void* arg)
1036{
1037    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1038
1039    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1040}
1041#endif
1042
1043#ifdef NDEBUG
1044    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1045    struct RegJNIRec {
1046        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1047    };
1048#else
1049    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1050    struct RegJNIRec {
1051        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1052        const char* mName;
1053    };
1054#endif
1055
1056typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1057
1058static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1059{
1060    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1061        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1062#ifndef NDEBUG
1063            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1064#endif
1065            return -1;
1066        }
1067    }
1068    return 0;
1069}
1070
1071static void register_jam_procs(const RegJAMProc array[], size_t count)
1072{
1073    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1074        array[i]();
1075    }
1076}
1077
1078static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1079    REG_JNI(register_android_debug_JNITest),
1080    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1081    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1082    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1083    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1084    REG_JNI(register_android_util_FloatMath),
1085    REG_JNI(register_android_text_format_Time),
1086    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1087    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1088    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1089    REG_JNI(register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory),
1090    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1091    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
1092    REG_JNI(register_android_text_KeyCharacterMap),
1093    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1094    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1095    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1096    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Display),
1097    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1098    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1099    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PixelFormat),
1100    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1101    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20Canvas),
1102    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareRenderer),
1103    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1104    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1105    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1106    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1107    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1108    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1109    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1110    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1111    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1112
1113    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1114    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1115    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1116    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1117    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1118    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1119    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1120    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1121    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer),
1122    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1123    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1124    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1125    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1126    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1127    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1128    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1129    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1130    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1131    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff),
1132    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer),
1133    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1134    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1135    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1136    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1137    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode),
1138    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1139
1140    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1141    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1142    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1143    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1144    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1145    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1146    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileUtils),
1147    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1148    REG_JNI(register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor),
1149    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Power),
1150    REG_JNI(register_android_os_StatFs),
1151    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1152    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1153    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1154    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1155    REG_JNI(register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager),
1156    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1157    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1158    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1159    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1160    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1161    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1162    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1163    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1164    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1165    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1166    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1167    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1168
1169    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1170    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_HeadsetBase),
1171    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothAudioGateway),
1172    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothSocket),
1173    REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothService),
1174    REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothEventLoop),
1175    REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothA2dpService),
1176    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1177    REG_JNI(register_android_server_Watchdog),
1178    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1179    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1180    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1181    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1182    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1183    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1184    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1185    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1186    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1187    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1188    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1189    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1190    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1191    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1192
1193    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1194    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1195
1196    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1197    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1198};
1199
1200/*
1201 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1202 */
1203/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1204{
1205    /*
1206     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1207     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1208     * Attach calls.)
1209     */
1210    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1211
1212    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1213
1214    /*
1215     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1216     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1217     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1218     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1219     */
1220    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1221
1222    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1223        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1224        return -1;
1225    }
1226    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1227
1228    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1229
1230    return 0;
1231}
1232
1233AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1234{
1235    return gCurRuntime;
1236}
1237
1238/**
1239 * Used by WithFramework to register native functions.
1240 */
1241extern "C"
1242jint Java_com_android_internal_util_WithFramework_registerNatives(
1243        JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
1244    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1245}
1246
1247/**
1248 * Used by LoadClass to register native functions.
1249 */
1250extern "C"
1251jint Java_LoadClass_registerNatives(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
1252    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1253}
1254
1255}   // namespace android
1256