utils.cpp revision ec72578b8461a5601962ea8102fd74a1f86d91fb 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#include <dirent.h>
18#include <errno.h>
19#include <fcntl.h>
20#include <limits.h>
21#include <poll.h>
22#include <signal.h>
23#include <stdarg.h>
24#include <stdio.h>
25#include <stdlib.h>
26#include <string>
27#include <string.h>
28#include <sys/capability.h>
29#include <sys/inotify.h>
30#include <sys/stat.h>
31#include <sys/sysconf.h>
32#include <sys/time.h>
33#include <sys/wait.h>
34#include <sys/klog.h>
35#include <time.h>
36#include <unistd.h>
37#include <vector>
38#include <sys/prctl.h>
39
40#define LOG_TAG "dumpstate"
41#include <cutils/debugger.h>
42#include <cutils/log.h>
43#include <cutils/properties.h>
44#include <cutils/sockets.h>
45#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
46
47#include <selinux/android.h>
48
49#include "dumpstate.h"
50
51static const int64_t NANOS_PER_SEC = 1000000000;
52
53/* list of native processes to include in the native dumps */
54static const char* native_processes_to_dump[] = {
55        "/system/bin/audioserver",
56        "/system/bin/cameraserver",
57        "/system/bin/drmserver",
58        "/system/bin/mediaserver",
59        "/system/bin/sdcard",
60        "/system/bin/surfaceflinger",
61        "/system/bin/vehicle_network_service",
62        NULL,
63};
64
65DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const char *title) : DurationReporter(title, stdout) {}
66
67DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const char *title, FILE *out) {
68    title_ = title;
69    if (title) {
70        started_ = DurationReporter::nanotime();
71    }
72    out_ = out;
73}
74
75DurationReporter::~DurationReporter() {
76    if (title_) {
77        uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - started_;
78        // Use "Yoda grammar" to make it easier to grep|sort sections.
79        if (out_) {
80            fprintf(out_, "------ %.3fs was the duration of '%s' ------\n",
81                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, title_);
82        } else {
83            MYLOGD("Duration of '%s': %.3fs\n", title_, (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
84        }
85    }
86}
87
88uint64_t DurationReporter::DurationReporter::nanotime() {
89    struct timespec ts;
90    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
91    return (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * NANOS_PER_SEC + ts.tv_nsec;
92}
93
94void for_each_userid(void (*func)(int), const char *header) {
95    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
96    DIR *d;
97    struct dirent *de;
98
99    if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
100    func(0);
101
102    if (!(d = opendir("/data/system/users"))) {
103        printf("Failed to open /data/system/users (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
104        return;
105    }
106
107    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
108        int userid;
109        if (de->d_type != DT_DIR || !(userid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
110            continue;
111        }
112        func(userid);
113    }
114
115    closedir(d);
116}
117
118static void __for_each_pid(void (*helper)(int, const char *, void *), const char *header, void *arg) {
119    DIR *d;
120    struct dirent *de;
121
122    if (!(d = opendir("/proc"))) {
123        printf("Failed to open /proc (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
124        return;
125    }
126
127    if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
128    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
129        int pid;
130        int fd;
131        char cmdpath[255];
132        char cmdline[255];
133
134        if (!(pid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
135            continue;
136        }
137
138        memset(cmdline, 0, sizeof(cmdline));
139
140        snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
141        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
142            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline) - 2));
143            close(fd);
144            if (cmdline[0]) {
145                helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
146                continue;
147            }
148        }
149
150        // if no cmdline, a kernel thread has comm
151        snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/comm", pid);
152        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
153            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline + 1, sizeof(cmdline) - 4));
154            close(fd);
155            if (cmdline[1]) {
156                cmdline[0] = '[';
157                size_t len = strcspn(cmdline, "\f\b\r\n");
158                cmdline[len] = ']';
159                cmdline[len+1] = '\0';
160            }
161        }
162        if (!cmdline[0]) {
163            strcpy(cmdline, "N/A");
164        }
165        helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
166    }
167
168    closedir(d);
169}
170
171static void for_each_pid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
172    for_each_pid_func *func = (for_each_pid_func*) arg;
173    func(pid, cmdline);
174}
175
176void for_each_pid(for_each_pid_func func, const char *header) {
177    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
178  __for_each_pid(for_each_pid_helper, header, (void *)func);
179}
180
181static void for_each_tid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
182    DIR *d;
183    struct dirent *de;
184    char taskpath[255];
185    for_each_tid_func *func = (for_each_tid_func *) arg;
186
187    sprintf(taskpath, "/proc/%d/task", pid);
188
189    if (!(d = opendir(taskpath))) {
190        printf("Failed to open %s (%s)\n", taskpath, strerror(errno));
191        return;
192    }
193
194    func(pid, pid, cmdline);
195
196    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
197        int tid;
198        int fd;
199        char commpath[255];
200        char comm[255];
201
202        if (!(tid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
203            continue;
204        }
205
206        if (tid == pid)
207            continue;
208
209        sprintf(commpath,"/proc/%d/comm", tid);
210        memset(comm, 0, sizeof(comm));
211        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(commpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
212            strcpy(comm, "N/A");
213        } else {
214            char *c;
215            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, comm, sizeof(comm) - 2));
216            close(fd);
217
218            c = strrchr(comm, '\n');
219            if (c) {
220                *c = '\0';
221            }
222        }
223        func(pid, tid, comm);
224    }
225
226    closedir(d);
227}
228
229void for_each_tid(for_each_tid_func func, const char *header) {
230    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
231    __for_each_pid(for_each_tid_helper, header, (void *) func);
232}
233
234void show_wchan(int pid, int tid, const char *name) {
235    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
236    char path[255];
237    char buffer[255];
238    int fd, ret, save_errno;
239    char name_buffer[255];
240
241    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
242
243    sprintf(path, "/proc/%d/wchan", tid);
244    if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
245        printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
246        return;
247    }
248
249    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
250    save_errno = errno;
251    close(fd);
252
253    if (ret < 0) {
254        printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
255        return;
256    }
257
258    snprintf(name_buffer, sizeof(name_buffer), "%*s%s",
259             pid == tid ? 0 : 3, "", name);
260
261    printf("%-7d %-32s %s\n", tid, name_buffer, buffer);
262
263    return;
264}
265
266// print time in centiseconds
267static void snprcent(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc,
268                     unsigned long long time) {
269    static long hz; // cache discovered hz
270
271    if (hz <= 0) {
272        hz = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
273        if (hz <= 0) {
274            hz = 1000;
275        }
276    }
277
278    // convert to centiseconds
279    time = (time * 100 + (hz / 2)) / hz;
280
281    char str[16];
282
283    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %llu.%02u",
284             time / 100, (unsigned)(time % 100));
285    size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
286    snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
287             "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
288}
289
290// print permille as a percent
291static void snprdec(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc, unsigned permille) {
292    char str[16];
293
294    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %u.%u%%", permille / 10, permille % 10);
295    size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
296    snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
297             "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
298}
299
300void show_showtime(int pid, const char *name) {
301    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
302    char path[255];
303    char buffer[1023];
304    int fd, ret, save_errno;
305
306    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
307
308    sprintf(path, "/proc/%d/stat", pid);
309    if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
310        printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
311        return;
312    }
313
314    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
315    save_errno = errno;
316    close(fd);
317
318    if (ret < 0) {
319        printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
320        return;
321    }
322
323    // field 14 is utime
324    // field 15 is stime
325    // field 42 is iotime
326    unsigned long long utime = 0, stime = 0, iotime = 0;
327    if (sscanf(buffer,
328               "%*u %*s %*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
329               "%*d %*d %llu %llu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
330               "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
331               "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %llu ",
332               &utime, &stime, &iotime) != 3) {
333        return;
334    }
335
336    unsigned long long total = utime + stime;
337    if (!total) {
338        return;
339    }
340
341    unsigned permille = (iotime * 1000 + (total / 2)) / total;
342    if (permille > 1000) {
343        permille = 1000;
344    }
345
346    // try to beautify and stabilize columns at <80 characters
347    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%-6d%s", pid, name);
348    if ((name[0] != '[') || utime) {
349        snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 57, utime);
350    }
351    snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 65, stime);
352    if ((name[0] != '[') || iotime) {
353        snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 73, iotime);
354    }
355    if (iotime) {
356        snprdec(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 79, permille);
357    }
358    puts(buffer); // adds a trailing newline
359
360    return;
361}
362
363void do_dmesg() {
364    const char *title = "KERNEL LOG (dmesg)";
365    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
366    printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
367
368    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
369    /* Get size of kernel buffer */
370    int size = klogctl(KLOG_SIZE_BUFFER, NULL, 0);
371    if (size <= 0) {
372        printf("Unexpected klogctl return value: %d\n\n", size);
373        return;
374    }
375    char *buf = (char *) malloc(size + 1);
376    if (buf == NULL) {
377        printf("memory allocation failed\n\n");
378        return;
379    }
380    int retval = klogctl(KLOG_READ_ALL, buf, size);
381    if (retval < 0) {
382        printf("klogctl failure\n\n");
383        free(buf);
384        return;
385    }
386    buf[retval] = '\0';
387    printf("%s\n\n", buf);
388    free(buf);
389    return;
390}
391
392void do_showmap(int pid, const char *name) {
393    char title[255];
394    char arg[255];
395
396    sprintf(title, "SHOW MAP %d (%s)", pid, name);
397    sprintf(arg, "%d", pid);
398    run_command(title, 10, SU_PATH, "root", "showmap", "-q", arg, NULL);
399}
400
401static int _dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
402    if (title) {
403        printf("------ %s (%s", title, path);
404
405        struct stat st;
406        // Only show the modification time of non-device files.
407        size_t path_len = strlen(path);
408        if ((path_len < 6 || memcmp(path, "/proc/", 6)) &&
409                (path_len < 5 || memcmp(path, "/sys/", 5)) &&
410                (path_len < 3 || memcmp(path, "/d/", 3)) &&
411                !fstat(fd, &st)) {
412            char stamp[80];
413            time_t mtime = st.st_mtime;
414            strftime(stamp, sizeof(stamp), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localtime(&mtime));
415            printf(": %s", stamp);
416        }
417        printf(") ------\n");
418    }
419    ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(WEIGHT_FILE); close(fd); return 0; });
420
421    bool newline = false;
422    fd_set read_set;
423    struct timeval tm;
424    while (1) {
425        FD_ZERO(&read_set);
426        FD_SET(fd, &read_set);
427        /* Timeout if no data is read for 30 seconds. */
428        tm.tv_sec = 30;
429        tm.tv_usec = 0;
430        uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime();
431        int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(select(fd + 1, &read_set, NULL, NULL, &tm));
432        if (ret == -1) {
433            printf("*** %s: select failed: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
434            newline = true;
435            break;
436        } else if (ret == 0) {
437            elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - elapsed;
438            printf("*** %s: Timed out after %.3fs\n", path,
439                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
440            newline = true;
441            break;
442        } else {
443            char buffer[65536];
444            ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
445            if (bytes_read > 0) {
446                fwrite(buffer, bytes_read, 1, stdout);
447                newline = (buffer[bytes_read-1] == '\n');
448            } else {
449                if (bytes_read == -1) {
450                    printf("*** %s: Failed to read from fd: %s", path, strerror(errno));
451                    newline = true;
452                }
453                break;
454            }
455        }
456    }
457    update_progress(WEIGHT_FILE);
458    close(fd);
459
460    if (!newline) printf("\n");
461    if (title) printf("\n");
462    return 0;
463}
464
465/* prints the contents of a file */
466int dump_file(const char *title, const char *path) {
467    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
468    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
469    if (fd < 0) {
470        int err = errno;
471        printf("*** %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
472        if (title) printf("\n");
473        return -1;
474    }
475    return _dump_file_from_fd(title, path, fd);
476}
477
478int read_file_as_long(const char *path, long int *output) {
479    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
480    if (fd < 0) {
481        int err = errno;
482        MYLOGE("Error opening file descriptor for %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
483        return -1;
484    }
485    char buffer[50];
486    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
487    if (bytes_read == -1) {
488        MYLOGE("Error reading file %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
489        return -2;
490    }
491    if (bytes_read == 0) {
492        MYLOGE("File %s is empty\n", path);
493        return -3;
494    }
495    *output = atoi(buffer);
496    return 0;
497}
498
499/* calls skip to gate calling dump_from_fd recursively
500 * in the specified directory. dump_from_fd defaults to
501 * dump_file_from_fd above when set to NULL. skip defaults
502 * to false when set to NULL. dump_from_fd will always be
503 * called with title NULL.
504 */
505int dump_files(const char *title, const char *dir,
506        bool (*skip)(const char *path),
507        int (*dump_from_fd)(const char *title, const char *path, int fd)) {
508    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
509    DIR *dirp;
510    struct dirent *d;
511    char *newpath = NULL;
512    const char *slash = "/";
513    int fd, retval = 0;
514
515    if (title) {
516        printf("------ %s (%s) ------\n", title, dir);
517    }
518    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN(0);
519
520    if (dir[strlen(dir) - 1] == '/') {
521        ++slash;
522    }
523    dirp = opendir(dir);
524    if (dirp == NULL) {
525        retval = -errno;
526        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", dir, strerror(errno));
527        return retval;
528    }
529
530    if (!dump_from_fd) {
531        dump_from_fd = dump_file_from_fd;
532    }
533    for (; ((d = readdir(dirp))); free(newpath), newpath = NULL) {
534        if ((d->d_name[0] == '.')
535         && (((d->d_name[1] == '.') && (d->d_name[2] == '\0'))
536          || (d->d_name[1] == '\0'))) {
537            continue;
538        }
539        asprintf(&newpath, "%s%s%s%s", dir, slash, d->d_name,
540                 (d->d_type == DT_DIR) ? "/" : "");
541        if (!newpath) {
542            retval = -errno;
543            continue;
544        }
545        if (skip && (*skip)(newpath)) {
546            continue;
547        }
548        if (d->d_type == DT_DIR) {
549            int ret = dump_files(NULL, newpath, skip, dump_from_fd);
550            if (ret < 0) {
551                retval = ret;
552            }
553            continue;
554        }
555        fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(newpath, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
556        if (fd < 0) {
557            retval = fd;
558            printf("*** %s: %s\n", newpath, strerror(errno));
559            continue;
560        }
561        (*dump_from_fd)(NULL, newpath, fd);
562    }
563    closedir(dirp);
564    if (title) {
565        printf("\n");
566    }
567    return retval;
568}
569
570/* fd must have been opened with the flag O_NONBLOCK. With this flag set,
571 * it's possible to avoid issues where opening the file itself can get
572 * stuck.
573 */
574int dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
575    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
576    if (flags == -1) {
577        printf("*** %s: failed to get flags on fd %d: %s\n", path, fd, strerror(errno));
578        close(fd);
579        return -1;
580    } else if (!(flags & O_NONBLOCK)) {
581        printf("*** %s: fd must have O_NONBLOCK set.\n", path);
582        close(fd);
583        return -1;
584    }
585    return _dump_file_from_fd(title, path, fd);
586}
587
588bool waitpid_with_timeout(pid_t pid, int timeout_seconds, int* status) {
589    sigset_t child_mask, old_mask;
590    sigemptyset(&child_mask);
591    sigaddset(&child_mask, SIGCHLD);
592
593    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &child_mask, &old_mask) == -1) {
594        printf("*** sigprocmask failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
595        return false;
596    }
597
598    struct timespec ts;
599    ts.tv_sec = timeout_seconds;
600    ts.tv_nsec = 0;
601    int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sigtimedwait(&child_mask, NULL, &ts));
602    int saved_errno = errno;
603    // Set the signals back the way they were.
604    if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_mask, NULL) == -1) {
605        printf("*** sigprocmask failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
606        if (ret == 0) {
607            return false;
608        }
609    }
610    if (ret == -1) {
611        errno = saved_errno;
612        if (errno == EAGAIN) {
613            errno = ETIMEDOUT;
614        } else {
615            printf("*** sigtimedwait failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
616        }
617        return false;
618    }
619
620    pid_t child_pid = waitpid(pid, status, WNOHANG);
621    if (child_pid != pid) {
622        if (child_pid != -1) {
623            printf("*** Waiting for pid %d, got pid %d instead\n", pid, child_pid);
624        } else {
625            printf("*** waitpid failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
626        }
627        return false;
628    }
629    return true;
630}
631
632// TODO: refactor all those commands that convert args
633void format_args(const char* command, const char *args[], std::string *string);
634
635int run_command(const char *title, int timeout_seconds, const char *command, ...) {
636    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
637    fflush(stdout);
638
639    const char *args[1024] = {command};
640    size_t arg;
641    va_list ap;
642    va_start(ap, command);
643    if (title) printf("------ %s (%s", title, command);
644    bool null_terminated = false;
645    for (arg = 1; arg < sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]); ++arg) {
646        args[arg] = va_arg(ap, const char *);
647        if (args[arg] == nullptr) {
648            null_terminated = true;
649            break;
650        }
651        if (title) printf(" %s", args[arg]);
652    }
653    if (title) printf(") ------\n");
654    fflush(stdout);
655    if (!null_terminated) {
656        // Fail now, otherwise execvp() call on run_command_always() might hang.
657        std::string cmd;
658        format_args(command, args, &cmd);
659        MYLOGE("skipping command %s because its args were not NULL-terminated", cmd.c_str());
660        return -1;
661    }
662
663    ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(timeout_seconds); va_end(ap); return 0; });
664
665    int status = run_command_always(title, false, timeout_seconds, args);
666    va_end(ap);
667    return status;
668}
669
670int run_command_as_shell(const char *title, int timeout_seconds, const char *command, ...) {
671    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
672    fflush(stdout);
673
674    const char *args[1024] = {command};
675    size_t arg;
676    va_list ap;
677    va_start(ap, command);
678    if (title) printf("------ %s (%s", title, command);
679    bool null_terminated = false;
680    for (arg = 1; arg < sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]); ++arg) {
681        args[arg] = va_arg(ap, const char *);
682        if (args[arg] == nullptr) {
683            null_terminated = true;
684            break;
685        }
686        if (title) printf(" %s", args[arg]);
687    }
688    if (title) printf(") ------\n");
689    fflush(stdout);
690    if (!null_terminated) {
691        // Fail now, otherwise execvp() call on run_command_always() might hang.
692        std::string cmd;
693        format_args(command, args, &cmd);
694        MYLOGE("skipping command %s because its args were not NULL-terminated", cmd.c_str());
695        return -1;
696    }
697
698    ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(timeout_seconds); va_end(ap); return 0; });
699
700    int status = run_command_always(title, true, timeout_seconds, args);
701    va_end(ap);
702    return status;
703}
704
705/* forks a command and waits for it to finish */
706int run_command_always(const char *title, bool drop_root, int timeout_seconds, const char *args[]) {
707    /* TODO: for now we're simplifying the progress calculation by using the timeout as the weight.
708     * It's a good approximation for most cases, except when calling dumpsys, where its weight
709     * should be much higher proportionally to its timeout. */
710    int weight = timeout_seconds;
711
712    const char *command = args[0];
713    uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
714    pid_t pid = fork();
715
716    /* handle error case */
717    if (pid < 0) {
718        printf("*** fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
719        return pid;
720    }
721
722    /* handle child case */
723    if (pid == 0) {
724        if (drop_root && !drop_root_user()) {
725            printf("*** could not drop root before running %s: %s\n", command, strerror(errno));
726            _exit(-1);
727        }
728
729        /* make sure the child dies when dumpstate dies */
730        prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
731
732        /* just ignore SIGPIPE, will go down with parent's */
733        struct sigaction sigact;
734        memset(&sigact, 0, sizeof(sigact));
735        sigact.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
736        sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigact, NULL);
737
738        execvp(command, (char**) args);
739        // execvp's result will be handled after waitpid_with_timeout() below...
740        MYLOGD("execvp on command %s returned control (error: %s)", command, strerror(errno));
741        fflush(stdout);
742        _exit(-1); // ...but it doesn't hurt to force exit, just in case
743    }
744
745    /* handle parent case */
746    int status;
747    bool ret = waitpid_with_timeout(pid, timeout_seconds, &status);
748    uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - start;
749    std::string cmd; // used to log command and its args
750    if (!ret) {
751        if (errno == ETIMEDOUT) {
752            format_args(command, args, &cmd);
753            printf("*** command '%s' timed out after %.3fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
754                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
755            MYLOGE("command '%s' timed out after %.3fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
756                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
757        } else {
758            format_args(command, args, &cmd);
759            printf("*** command '%s': Error after %.4fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
760                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
761            MYLOGE("command '%s': Error after %.4fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
762                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
763        }
764        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
765        if (!waitpid_with_timeout(pid, 5, NULL)) {
766            kill(pid, SIGKILL);
767            if (!waitpid_with_timeout(pid, 5, NULL)) {
768                printf("couldn not kill command '%s' (pid %d) even with SIGKILL.\n", command, pid);
769                MYLOGE("couldn not kill command '%s' (pid %d) even with SIGKILL.\n", command, pid);
770            }
771        }
772        return -1;
773    } else if (status) {
774        format_args(command, args, &cmd);
775        printf("*** command '%s' failed: %s\n", cmd.c_str(), strerror(errno));
776        MYLOGE("command '%s' failed: %s\n", cmd.c_str(), strerror(errno));
777        return -2;
778    }
779
780    if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
781        printf("*** %s: Killed by signal %d\n", command, WTERMSIG(status));
782    } else if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) > 0) {
783        printf("*** %s: Exit code %d\n", command, WEXITSTATUS(status));
784    }
785
786    if (weight > 0) {
787        update_progress(weight);
788    }
789    return status;
790}
791
792bool drop_root_user() {
793    if (getgid() == AID_SHELL && getuid() == AID_SHELL) {
794        MYLOGD("drop_root_user(): already running as Shell");
795        return true;
796    }
797    /* ensure we will keep capabilities when we drop root */
798    if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1) < 0) {
799        MYLOGE("prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
800        return false;
801    }
802
803    gid_t groups[] = { AID_LOG, AID_SDCARD_R, AID_SDCARD_RW,
804            AID_MOUNT, AID_INET, AID_NET_BW_STATS, AID_READPROC };
805    if (setgroups(sizeof(groups)/sizeof(groups[0]), groups) != 0) {
806        MYLOGE("Unable to setgroups, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
807        return false;
808    }
809    if (setgid(AID_SHELL) != 0) {
810        MYLOGE("Unable to setgid, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
811        return false;
812    }
813    if (setuid(AID_SHELL) != 0) {
814        MYLOGE("Unable to setuid, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
815        return false;
816    }
817
818    struct __user_cap_header_struct capheader;
819    struct __user_cap_data_struct capdata[2];
820    memset(&capheader, 0, sizeof(capheader));
821    memset(&capdata, 0, sizeof(capdata));
822    capheader.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3;
823    capheader.pid = 0;
824
825    capdata[CAP_TO_INDEX(CAP_SYSLOG)].permitted = CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYSLOG);
826    capdata[CAP_TO_INDEX(CAP_SYSLOG)].effective = CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYSLOG);
827    capdata[0].inheritable = 0;
828    capdata[1].inheritable = 0;
829
830    if (capset(&capheader, &capdata[0]) < 0) {
831        MYLOGE("capset failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
832        return false;
833    }
834
835    return true;
836}
837
838void send_broadcast(const std::string& action, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
839    if (args.size() > 1000) {
840        MYLOGE("send_broadcast: too many arguments (%d)\n", (int) args.size());
841        return;
842    }
843    const char *am_args[1024] = { "/system/bin/am", "broadcast", "--user", "0", "-a",
844                                  action.c_str() };
845    size_t am_index = 5; // Starts at the index of last initial value above.
846    for (const std::string& arg : args) {
847        am_args[++am_index] = arg.c_str();
848    }
849    // Always terminate with NULL.
850    am_args[am_index + 1] = NULL;
851    std::string args_string;
852    format_args(am_index + 1, am_args, &args_string);
853    MYLOGD("send_broadcast command: %s\n", args_string.c_str());
854    run_command_always(NULL, 20, true, am_args);
855}
856
857size_t num_props = 0;
858static char* props[2000];
859
860static void print_prop(const char *key, const char *name, void *user) {
861    (void) user;
862    if (num_props < sizeof(props) / sizeof(props[0])) {
863        char buf[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX + 10];
864        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "[%s]: [%s]\n", key, name);
865        props[num_props++] = strdup(buf);
866    }
867}
868
869static int compare_prop(const void *a, const void *b) {
870    return strcmp(*(char * const *) a, *(char * const *) b);
871}
872
873/* prints all the system properties */
874void print_properties() {
875    const char* title = "SYSTEM PROPERTIES";
876    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
877    printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
878    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
879    size_t i;
880    num_props = 0;
881    property_list(print_prop, NULL);
882    qsort(&props, num_props, sizeof(props[0]), compare_prop);
883
884    for (i = 0; i < num_props; ++i) {
885        fputs(props[i], stdout);
886        free(props[i]);
887    }
888    printf("\n");
889}
890
891/* redirect output to a service control socket */
892void redirect_to_socket(FILE *redirect, const char *service) {
893    int s = android_get_control_socket(service);
894    if (s < 0) {
895        MYLOGE("android_get_control_socket(%s): %s\n", service, strerror(errno));
896        exit(1);
897    }
898    fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
899    if (listen(s, 4) < 0) {
900        MYLOGE("listen(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
901        exit(1);
902    }
903
904    struct sockaddr addr;
905    socklen_t alen = sizeof(addr);
906    int fd = accept(s, &addr, &alen);
907    if (fd < 0) {
908        MYLOGE("accept(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
909        exit(1);
910    }
911
912    fflush(redirect);
913    dup2(fd, fileno(redirect));
914    close(fd);
915}
916
917void create_parent_dirs(const char *path) {
918    char *chp = const_cast<char *> (path);
919
920    /* skip initial slash */
921    if (chp[0] == '/')
922        chp++;
923
924    /* create leading directories, if necessary */
925    struct stat dir_stat;
926    while (chp && chp[0]) {
927        chp = strchr(chp, '/');
928        if (chp) {
929            *chp = 0;
930            if (stat(path, &dir_stat) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(dir_stat.st_mode)) {
931                MYLOGI("Creating directory %s\n", path);
932                if (mkdir(path, 0770)) { /* drwxrwx--- */
933                    MYLOGE("Unable to create directory %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
934                } else if (chown(path, AID_SHELL, AID_SHELL)) {
935                    MYLOGE("Unable to change ownership of dir %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
936                }
937            }
938            *chp++ = '/';
939        }
940    }
941}
942
943/* redirect output to a file */
944void redirect_to_file(FILE *redirect, char *path) {
945    create_parent_dirs(path);
946
947    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
948                                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH));
949    if (fd < 0) {
950        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
951        exit(1);
952    }
953
954    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(fd, fileno(redirect)));
955    close(fd);
956}
957
958static bool should_dump_native_traces(const char* path) {
959    for (const char** p = native_processes_to_dump; *p; p++) {
960        if (!strcmp(*p, path)) {
961            return true;
962        }
963    }
964    return false;
965}
966
967/* dump Dalvik and native stack traces, return the trace file location (NULL if none) */
968const char *dump_traces() {
969    DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP TRACES", NULL);
970    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN(NULL);
971    const char* result = NULL;
972
973    char traces_path[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = "";
974    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", traces_path, "");
975    if (!traces_path[0]) return NULL;
976
977    /* move the old traces.txt (if any) out of the way temporarily */
978    char anr_traces_path[PATH_MAX];
979    strlcpy(anr_traces_path, traces_path, sizeof(anr_traces_path));
980    strlcat(anr_traces_path, ".anr", sizeof(anr_traces_path));
981    if (rename(traces_path, anr_traces_path) && errno != ENOENT) {
982        MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path, anr_traces_path, strerror(errno));
983        return NULL;  // Can't rename old traces.txt -- no permission? -- leave it alone instead
984    }
985
986    /* create a new, empty traces.txt file to receive stack dumps */
987    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(traces_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC,
988                                     0666));  /* -rw-rw-rw- */
989    if (fd < 0) {
990        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
991        return NULL;
992    }
993    int chmod_ret = fchmod(fd, 0666);
994    if (chmod_ret < 0) {
995        MYLOGE("fchmod on %s failed: %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
996        close(fd);
997        return NULL;
998    }
999
1000    /* Variables below must be initialized before 'goto' statements */
1001    int dalvik_found = 0;
1002    int ifd, wfd = -1;
1003
1004    /* walk /proc and kill -QUIT all Dalvik processes */
1005    DIR *proc = opendir("/proc");
1006    if (proc == NULL) {
1007        MYLOGE("/proc: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1008        goto error_close_fd;
1009    }
1010
1011    /* use inotify to find when processes are done dumping */
1012    ifd = inotify_init();
1013    if (ifd < 0) {
1014        MYLOGE("inotify_init: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1015        goto error_close_fd;
1016    }
1017
1018    wfd = inotify_add_watch(ifd, traces_path, IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
1019    if (wfd < 0) {
1020        MYLOGE("inotify_add_watch(%s): %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
1021        goto error_close_ifd;
1022    }
1023
1024    struct dirent *d;
1025    while ((d = readdir(proc))) {
1026        int pid = atoi(d->d_name);
1027        if (pid <= 0) continue;
1028
1029        char path[PATH_MAX];
1030        char data[PATH_MAX];
1031        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/exe", pid);
1032        ssize_t len = readlink(path, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
1033        if (len <= 0) {
1034            continue;
1035        }
1036        data[len] = '\0';
1037
1038        if (!strncmp(data, "/system/bin/app_process", strlen("/system/bin/app_process"))) {
1039            /* skip zygote -- it won't dump its stack anyway */
1040            snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
1041            int cfd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
1042            len = read(cfd, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
1043            close(cfd);
1044            if (len <= 0) {
1045                continue;
1046            }
1047            data[len] = '\0';
1048            if (!strncmp(data, "zygote", strlen("zygote"))) {
1049                continue;
1050            }
1051
1052            ++dalvik_found;
1053            uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
1054            if (kill(pid, SIGQUIT)) {
1055                MYLOGE("kill(%d, SIGQUIT): %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
1056                continue;
1057            }
1058
1059            /* wait for the writable-close notification from inotify */
1060            struct pollfd pfd = { ifd, POLLIN, 0 };
1061            int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, 5000);  /* 5 sec timeout */
1062            if (ret < 0) {
1063                MYLOGE("poll: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1064            } else if (ret == 0) {
1065                MYLOGE("warning: timed out dumping pid %d\n", pid);
1066            } else {
1067                struct inotify_event ie;
1068                read(ifd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
1069            }
1070
1071            if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
1072                MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1073            } else {
1074                dprintf(fd, "[dump dalvik stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n",
1075                        pid, (float)(DurationReporter::nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
1076            }
1077        } else if (should_dump_native_traces(data)) {
1078            /* dump native process if appropriate */
1079            if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
1080                MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1081            } else {
1082                static uint16_t timeout_failures = 0;
1083                uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
1084
1085                /* If 3 backtrace dumps fail in a row, consider debuggerd dead. */
1086                if (timeout_failures == 3) {
1087                    dprintf(fd, "too many stack dump failures, skipping...\n");
1088                } else if (dump_backtrace_to_file_timeout(pid, fd, 20) == -1) {
1089                    dprintf(fd, "dumping failed, likely due to a timeout\n");
1090                    timeout_failures++;
1091                } else {
1092                    timeout_failures = 0;
1093                }
1094                dprintf(fd, "[dump native stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n",
1095                        pid, (float)(DurationReporter::nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
1096            }
1097        }
1098    }
1099
1100    if (dalvik_found == 0) {
1101        MYLOGE("Warning: no Dalvik processes found to dump stacks\n");
1102    }
1103
1104    static char dump_traces_path[PATH_MAX];
1105    strlcpy(dump_traces_path, traces_path, sizeof(dump_traces_path));
1106    strlcat(dump_traces_path, ".bugreport", sizeof(dump_traces_path));
1107    if (rename(traces_path, dump_traces_path)) {
1108        MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path, dump_traces_path, strerror(errno));
1109        goto error_close_ifd;
1110    }
1111    result = dump_traces_path;
1112
1113    /* replace the saved [ANR] traces.txt file */
1114    rename(anr_traces_path, traces_path);
1115
1116error_close_ifd:
1117    close(ifd);
1118error_close_fd:
1119    close(fd);
1120    return result;
1121}
1122
1123void dump_route_tables() {
1124    DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP ROUTE TABLES");
1125    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
1126    const char* const RT_TABLES_PATH = "/data/misc/net/rt_tables";
1127    dump_file("RT_TABLES", RT_TABLES_PATH);
1128    FILE* fp = fopen(RT_TABLES_PATH, "re");
1129    if (!fp) {
1130        printf("*** %s: %s\n", RT_TABLES_PATH, strerror(errno));
1131        return;
1132    }
1133    char table[16];
1134    // Each line has an integer (the table number), a space, and a string (the table name). We only
1135    // need the table number. It's a 32-bit unsigned number, so max 10 chars. Skip the table name.
1136    // Add a fixed max limit so this doesn't go awry.
1137    for (int i = 0; i < 64 && fscanf(fp, " %10s %*s", table) == 1; ++i) {
1138        run_command("ROUTE TABLE IPv4", 10, "ip", "-4", "route", "show", "table", table, NULL);
1139        run_command("ROUTE TABLE IPv6", 10, "ip", "-6", "route", "show", "table", table, NULL);
1140    }
1141    fclose(fp);
1142}
1143
1144/* overall progress */
1145int progress = 0;
1146int do_update_progress = 0; // Set by dumpstate.cpp
1147int weight_total = WEIGHT_TOTAL;
1148
1149// TODO: make this function thread safe if sections are generated in parallel.
1150void update_progress(int delta) {
1151    if (!do_update_progress) return;
1152
1153    progress += delta;
1154
1155    char key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
1156    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
1157
1158    // adjusts max on the fly
1159    if (progress > weight_total) {
1160        int new_total = weight_total * 1.2;
1161        MYLOGD("Adjusting total weight from %d to %d\n", weight_total, new_total);
1162        weight_total = new_total;
1163        sprintf(key, "dumpstate.%d.max", getpid());
1164        sprintf(value, "%d", weight_total);
1165        int status = property_set(key, value);
1166        if (status) {
1167            MYLOGE("Could not update max weight by setting system property %s to %s: %d\n",
1168                    key, value, status);
1169        }
1170    }
1171
1172    sprintf(key, "dumpstate.%d.progress", getpid());
1173    sprintf(value, "%d", progress);
1174
1175    if (progress % 100 == 0) {
1176        // We don't want to spam logcat, so only log multiples of 100.
1177        MYLOGD("Setting progress (%s): %s/%d\n", key, value, weight_total);
1178    } else {
1179        // stderr is ignored on normal invocations, but useful when calling /system/bin/dumpstate
1180        // directly for debuggging.
1181        fprintf(stderr, "Setting progress (%s): %s/%d\n", key, value, weight_total);
1182    }
1183
1184    int status = property_set(key, value);
1185    if (status) {
1186        MYLOGE("Could not update progress by setting system property %s to %s: %d\n",
1187                key, value, status);
1188    }
1189}
1190
1191void take_screenshot(const std::string& path) {
1192    const char *args[] = { "/system/bin/screencap", "-p", path.c_str(), NULL };
1193    run_command_always(NULL, false, 10, args);
1194}
1195
1196void vibrate(FILE* vibrator, int ms) {
1197    fprintf(vibrator, "%d\n", ms);
1198    fflush(vibrator);
1199}
1200
1201bool is_dir(const char* pathname) {
1202    struct stat info;
1203    if (stat(pathname, &info) == -1) {
1204        return false;
1205    }
1206    return S_ISDIR(info.st_mode);
1207}
1208
1209time_t get_mtime(int fd, time_t default_mtime) {
1210    struct stat info;
1211    if (fstat(fd, &info) == -1) {
1212        return default_mtime;
1213    }
1214    return info.st_mtime;
1215}
1216
1217void dump_emmc_ecsd(const char *ext_csd_path) {
1218    static const size_t EXT_CSD_REV = 192;
1219    static const size_t EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO = 267;
1220    static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A = 268;
1221    static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B = 269;
1222    struct hex {
1223        char str[2];
1224    } buffer[512];
1225    int fd, ext_csd_rev, ext_pre_eol_info;
1226    ssize_t bytes_read;
1227    static const char *ver_str[] = {
1228        "4.0", "4.1", "4.2", "4.3", "Obsolete", "4.41", "4.5", "5.0"
1229    };
1230    static const char *eol_str[] = {
1231        "Undefined",
1232        "Normal",
1233        "Warning (consumed 80% of reserve)",
1234        "Urgent (consumed 90% of reserve)"
1235    };
1236
1237    printf("------ %s Extended CSD ------\n", ext_csd_path);
1238
1239    fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(ext_csd_path,
1240                                 O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
1241    if (fd < 0) {
1242        printf("*** %s: %s\n\n", ext_csd_path, strerror(errno));
1243        return;
1244    }
1245
1246    bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
1247    close(fd);
1248    if (bytes_read < 0) {
1249        printf("*** %s: %s\n\n", ext_csd_path, strerror(errno));
1250        return;
1251    }
1252    if (bytes_read < (ssize_t)(EXT_CSD_REV * sizeof(struct hex))) {
1253        printf("*** %s: truncated content %zd\n\n", ext_csd_path, bytes_read);
1254        return;
1255    }
1256
1257    ext_csd_rev = 0;
1258    if (sscanf(buffer[EXT_CSD_REV].str, "%02x", &ext_csd_rev) != 1) {
1259        printf("*** %s: EXT_CSD_REV parse error \"%.2s\"\n\n",
1260               ext_csd_path, buffer[EXT_CSD_REV].str);
1261        return;
1262    }
1263
1264    printf("rev 1.%d (MMC %s)\n",
1265           ext_csd_rev,
1266           (ext_csd_rev < (int)(sizeof(ver_str) / sizeof(ver_str[0]))) ?
1267               ver_str[ext_csd_rev] :
1268               "Unknown");
1269    if (ext_csd_rev < 7) {
1270        printf("\n");
1271        return;
1272    }
1273
1274    if (bytes_read < (ssize_t)(EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO * sizeof(struct hex))) {
1275        printf("*** %s: truncated content %zd\n\n", ext_csd_path, bytes_read);
1276        return;
1277    }
1278
1279    ext_pre_eol_info = 0;
1280    if (sscanf(buffer[EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO].str, "%02x", &ext_pre_eol_info) != 1) {
1281        printf("*** %s: PRE_EOL_INFO parse error \"%.2s\"\n\n",
1282               ext_csd_path, buffer[EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO].str);
1283        return;
1284    }
1285    printf("PRE_EOL_INFO %d (MMC %s)\n",
1286           ext_pre_eol_info,
1287           eol_str[(ext_pre_eol_info < (int)
1288                       (sizeof(eol_str) / sizeof(eol_str[0]))) ?
1289                           ext_pre_eol_info : 0]);
1290
1291    for (size_t lifetime = EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A;
1292            lifetime <= EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B;
1293            ++lifetime) {
1294        int ext_device_life_time_est;
1295        static const char *est_str[] = {
1296            "Undefined",
1297            "0-10% of device lifetime used",
1298            "10-20% of device lifetime used",
1299            "20-30% of device lifetime used",
1300            "30-40% of device lifetime used",
1301            "40-50% of device lifetime used",
1302            "50-60% of device lifetime used",
1303            "60-70% of device lifetime used",
1304            "70-80% of device lifetime used",
1305            "80-90% of device lifetime used",
1306            "90-100% of device lifetime used",
1307            "Exceeded the maximum estimated device lifetime",
1308        };
1309
1310        if (bytes_read < (ssize_t)(lifetime * sizeof(struct hex))) {
1311            printf("*** %s: truncated content %zd\n", ext_csd_path, bytes_read);
1312            break;
1313        }
1314
1315        ext_device_life_time_est = 0;
1316        if (sscanf(buffer[lifetime].str, "%02x", &ext_device_life_time_est) != 1) {
1317            printf("*** %s: DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c parse error \"%.2s\"\n",
1318                   ext_csd_path,
1319                   (unsigned)(lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) + 'A',
1320                   buffer[lifetime].str);
1321            continue;
1322        }
1323        printf("DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c %d (MMC %s)\n",
1324               (unsigned)(lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) + 'A',
1325               ext_device_life_time_est,
1326               est_str[(ext_device_life_time_est < (int)
1327                           (sizeof(est_str) / sizeof(est_str[0]))) ?
1328                               ext_device_life_time_est : 0]);
1329    }
1330
1331    printf("\n");
1332}
1333
1334// TODO: refactor all those commands that convert args
1335void format_args(int argc, const char *argv[], std::string *args) {
1336    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(args == nullptr);
1337    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1338        args->append(argv[i]);
1339        if (i < argc -1) {
1340          args->append(" ");
1341        }
1342    }
1343}
1344void format_args(const char* command, const char *args[], std::string *string) {
1345    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(args == nullptr || command == nullptr);
1346    string->append(command);
1347    if (args[0] == nullptr) return;
1348    string->append(" ");
1349
1350    for (int arg = 1; arg <= 1000; ++arg) {
1351        if (args[arg] == nullptr) return;
1352        string->append(args[arg]);
1353        if (args[arg+1] != nullptr) {
1354            string->append(" ");
1355        }
1356    }
1357    MYLOGE("internal error: missing NULL entry on %s", string->c_str());
1358}
1359