xref: /packages/apps/Contacts/src/com/android/contacts/ContactSaveService.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.contacts;

import com.android.contacts.model.AccountTypeManager;
import com.android.contacts.model.EntityDeltaList;
import com.android.contacts.model.EntityModifier;
import com.google.android.collect.Lists;
import com.google.android.collect.Sets;

import android.accounts.Account;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.ContentProviderOperation;
import android.content.ContentProviderOperation.Builder;
import android.content.ContentProviderResult;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.OperationApplicationException;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.AggregationExceptions;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.GroupMembership;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Data;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.Groups;
import android.provider.ContactsContract.RawContacts;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A service responsible for saving changes to the content provider.
 */
public class ContactSaveService extends IntentService {
    private static final String TAG = "ContactSaveService";

    /** Set to true in order to view logs on content provider operations */
    private static final boolean DEBUG = false;

    public static final String ACTION_NEW_RAW_CONTACT = "newRawContact";

    public static final String EXTRA_ACCOUNT_NAME = "accountName";
    public static final String EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE = "accountType";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONTENT_VALUES = "contentValues";
    public static final String EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT = "callbackIntent";

    public static final String ACTION_SAVE_CONTACT = "saveContact";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONTACT_STATE = "state";
    public static final String EXTRA_SAVE_MODE = "saveMode";

    public static final String ACTION_CREATE_GROUP = "createGroup";
    public static final String ACTION_RENAME_GROUP = "renameGroup";
    public static final String ACTION_DELETE_GROUP = "deleteGroup";
    public static final String ACTION_UPDATE_GROUP = "updateGroup";
    public static final String EXTRA_GROUP_ID = "groupId";
    public static final String EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL = "groupLabel";
    public static final String EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_ADD = "rawContactsToAdd";
    public static final String EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_REMOVE = "rawContactsToRemove";

    public static final String ACTION_SET_STARRED = "setStarred";
    public static final String ACTION_DELETE_CONTACT = "delete";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONTACT_URI = "contactUri";
    public static final String EXTRA_STARRED_FLAG = "starred";

    public static final String ACTION_SET_SUPER_PRIMARY = "setSuperPrimary";
    public static final String ACTION_CLEAR_PRIMARY = "clearPrimary";
    public static final String EXTRA_DATA_ID = "dataId";

    public static final String ACTION_JOIN_CONTACTS = "joinContacts";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONTACT_ID1 = "contactId1";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONTACT_ID2 = "contactId2";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONTACT_WRITABLE = "contactWritable";

    public static final String ACTION_SET_SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL = "sendToVoicemail";
    public static final String EXTRA_SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL_FLAG = "sendToVoicemailFlag";

    public static final String ACTION_SET_RINGTONE = "setRingtone";
    public static final String EXTRA_CUSTOM_RINGTONE = "customRingtone";

    private static final HashSet<String> ALLOWED_DATA_COLUMNS = Sets.newHashSet(
        Data.MIMETYPE,
        Data.IS_PRIMARY,
        Data.DATA1,
        Data.DATA2,
        Data.DATA3,
        Data.DATA4,
        Data.DATA5,
        Data.DATA6,
        Data.DATA7,
        Data.DATA8,
        Data.DATA9,
        Data.DATA10,
        Data.DATA11,
        Data.DATA12,
        Data.DATA13,
        Data.DATA14,
        Data.DATA15
    );

    private static final int PERSIST_TRIES = 3;

    public interface Listener {
        public void onServiceCompleted(Intent callbackIntent);
    }

    private static final LinkedList<Listener> sListeners = new LinkedList<Listener>();

    private Handler mMainHandler;

    public ContactSaveService() {
        super(TAG);
        setIntentRedelivery(true);
        mMainHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    }

    public static void registerListener(Listener listener) {
        if (!(listener instanceof Activity)) {
            throw new ClassCastException("Only activities can be registered to"
                    + " receive callback from " + ContactSaveService.class.getName());
        }
        synchronized (sListeners) {
            sListeners.addFirst(listener);
        }
    }

    public static void unregisterListener(Listener listener) {
        synchronized (sListeners) {
            sListeners.remove(listener);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getSystemService(String name) {
        Object service = super.getSystemService(name);
        if (service != null) {
            return service;
        }

        return getApplicationContext().getSystemService(name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if (ACTION_NEW_RAW_CONTACT.equals(action)) {
            createRawContact(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_SAVE_CONTACT.equals(action)) {
            saveContact(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_CREATE_GROUP.equals(action)) {
            createGroup(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_RENAME_GROUP.equals(action)) {
            renameGroup(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_DELETE_GROUP.equals(action)) {
            deleteGroup(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_UPDATE_GROUP.equals(action)) {
            updateGroup(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_SET_STARRED.equals(action)) {
            setStarred(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_SET_SUPER_PRIMARY.equals(action)) {
            setSuperPrimary(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_CLEAR_PRIMARY.equals(action)) {
            clearPrimary(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_DELETE_CONTACT.equals(action)) {
            deleteContact(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_JOIN_CONTACTS.equals(action)) {
            joinContacts(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_SET_SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL.equals(action)) {
            setSendToVoicemail(intent);
        } else if (ACTION_SET_RINGTONE.equals(action)) {
            setRingtone(intent);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to create a new raw contact
     * using data presented as a set of ContentValues.
     */
    public static Intent createNewRawContactIntent(Context context,
            ArrayList<ContentValues> values, Account account, Class<?> callbackActivity,
            String callbackAction) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(
                context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_NEW_RAW_CONTACT);
        if (account != null) {
            serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_ACCOUNT_NAME, account.name);
            serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE, account.type);
        }
        serviceIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra(
                ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTENT_VALUES, values);

        // Callback intent will be invoked by the service once the new contact is
        // created.  The service will put the URI of the new contact as "data" on
        // the callback intent.
        Intent callbackIntent = new Intent(context, callbackActivity);
        callbackIntent.setAction(callbackAction);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT, callbackIntent);
        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void createRawContact(Intent intent) {
        String accountName = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ACCOUNT_NAME);
        String accountType = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE);
        List<ContentValues> valueList = intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra(EXTRA_CONTENT_VALUES);
        Intent callbackIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT);

        ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();
        operations.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI)
                .withValue(RawContacts.ACCOUNT_NAME, accountName)
                .withValue(RawContacts.ACCOUNT_TYPE, accountType)
                .build());

        int size = valueList.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            ContentValues values = valueList.get(i);
            values.keySet().retainAll(ALLOWED_DATA_COLUMNS);
            operations.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(Data.CONTENT_URI)
                    .withValueBackReference(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, 0)
                    .withValues(values)
                    .build());
        }

        ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
        ContentProviderResult[] results;
        try {
            results = resolver.applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, operations);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to store new contact", e);
        }

        Uri rawContactUri = results[0].uri;
        callbackIntent.setData(RawContacts.getContactLookupUri(resolver, rawContactUri));

        deliverCallback(callbackIntent);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to create a new raw contact
     * using data presented as a set of ContentValues.
     */
    public static Intent createSaveContactIntent(Context context, EntityDeltaList state,
            String saveModeExtraKey, int saveMode, Class<?> callbackActivity,
            String callbackAction) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(
                context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_SAVE_CONTACT);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_STATE, (Parcelable) state);

        // Callback intent will be invoked by the service once the contact is
        // saved.  The service will put the URI of the new contact as "data" on
        // the callback intent.
        Intent callbackIntent = new Intent(context, callbackActivity);
        callbackIntent.putExtra(saveModeExtraKey, saveMode);
        callbackIntent.setAction(callbackAction);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT, callbackIntent);
        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void saveContact(Intent intent) {
        EntityDeltaList state = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_STATE);
        Intent callbackIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT);

        // Trim any empty fields, and RawContacts, before persisting
        final AccountTypeManager accountTypes = AccountTypeManager.getInstance(this);
        EntityModifier.trimEmpty(state, accountTypes);

        Uri lookupUri = null;

        final ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();

        // Attempt to persist changes
        int tries = 0;
        while (tries++ < PERSIST_TRIES) {
            try {
                // Build operations and try applying
                final ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> diff = state.buildDiff();
                if (DEBUG) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Content Provider Operations:");
                    for (ContentProviderOperation operation : diff) {
                        Log.v(TAG, operation.toString());
                    }
                }

                ContentProviderResult[] results = null;
                if (!diff.isEmpty()) {
                    results = resolver.applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, diff);
                }

                final long rawContactId = getRawContactId(state, diff, results);
                if (rawContactId == -1) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Could not determine RawContact ID after save");
                }
                final Uri rawContactUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        RawContacts.CONTENT_URI, rawContactId);
                lookupUri = RawContacts.getContactLookupUri(resolver, rawContactUri);
                Log.v(TAG, "Saved contact. New URI: " + lookupUri);
                break;

            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                // Something went wrong, bail without success
                Log.e(TAG, "Problem persisting user edits", e);
                break;

            } catch (OperationApplicationException e) {
                // Version consistency failed, re-parent change and try again
                Log.w(TAG, "Version consistency failed, re-parenting: " + e.toString());
                final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(RawContacts._ID + " IN(");
                boolean first = true;
                final int count = state.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    Long rawContactId = state.getRawContactId(i);
                    if (rawContactId != null && rawContactId != -1) {
                        if (!first) {
                            sb.append(',');
                        }
                        sb.append(rawContactId);
                        first = false;
                    }
                }
                sb.append(")");

                if (first) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Version consistency failed for a new contact");
                }

                final EntityDeltaList newState = EntityDeltaList.fromQuery(resolver,
                        sb.toString(), null, null);
                state = EntityDeltaList.mergeAfter(newState, state);
            }
        }

        callbackIntent.setData(lookupUri);

        deliverCallback(callbackIntent);
    }

    private long getRawContactId(EntityDeltaList state,
            final ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> diff,
            final ContentProviderResult[] results) {
        long rawContactId = state.findRawContactId();
        if (rawContactId != -1) {
            return rawContactId;
        }

        final int diffSize = diff.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < diffSize; i++) {
            ContentProviderOperation operation = diff.get(i);
            if (operation.getType() == ContentProviderOperation.TYPE_INSERT
                    && operation.getUri().getEncodedPath().contains(
                            RawContacts.CONTENT_URI.getEncodedPath())) {
                return ContentUris.parseId(results[i].uri);
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to create a new group as
     * well as add new members at the same time.
     *
     * @param context of the application
     * @param account in which the group should be created
     * @param label is the name of the group (cannot be null)
     * @param rawContactsToAdd is an array of raw contact IDs for contacts that
     *            should be added to the group
     * @param callbackActivity is the activity to send the callback intent to
     * @param callbackAction is the intent action for the callback intent
     */

    public static Intent createNewGroupIntent(Context context, Account account,
            String label, long[] rawContactsToAdd, Class<?> callbackActivity,
            String callbackAction) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_CREATE_GROUP);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE, account.type);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_ACCOUNT_NAME, account.name);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL, label);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_ADD, rawContactsToAdd);

        // Callback intent will be invoked by the service once the new group is
        // created.
        Intent callbackIntent = new Intent(context, callbackActivity);
        callbackIntent.setAction(callbackAction);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT, callbackIntent);

        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void createGroup(Intent intent) {
        final String accountType = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ACCOUNT_TYPE);
        final String accountName = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ACCOUNT_NAME);
        final String label = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL);
        final long[] rawContactsToAdd = intent.getLongArrayExtra(EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_ADD);

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(Groups.ACCOUNT_TYPE, accountType);
        values.put(Groups.ACCOUNT_NAME, accountName);
        values.put(Groups.TITLE, label);

        final ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();

        // Create the new group
        final Uri groupUri = resolver.insert(Groups.CONTENT_URI, values);

        // If there's no URI, then the insertion failed. Abort early because group members can't be
        // added if the group doesn't exist
        if (groupUri == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't create group with label " + label);
            return;
        }

        // Add new group members
        addMembersToGroup(resolver, rawContactsToAdd, ContentUris.parseId(groupUri));

        // TODO: Move this into the contact editor where it belongs. This needs to be integrated
        // with the way other intent extras that are passed to the {@link ContactEditorActivity}.
        values.clear();
        values.put(Data.MIMETYPE, GroupMembership.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);
        values.put(GroupMembership.GROUP_ROW_ID, ContentUris.parseId(groupUri));

        Intent callbackIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT);
        callbackIntent.setData(groupUri);
        // TODO: This can be taken out when the above TODO is addressed
        callbackIntent.putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.DATA, Lists.newArrayList(values));
        deliverCallback(callbackIntent);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to rename a group.
     */
    public static Intent createGroupRenameIntent(Context context, long groupId, String newLabel,
            Class<?> callbackActivity, String callbackAction) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_RENAME_GROUP);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_GROUP_ID, groupId);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL, newLabel);

        // Callback intent will be invoked by the service once the group is renamed.
        Intent callbackIntent = new Intent(context, callbackActivity);
        callbackIntent.setAction(callbackAction);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT, callbackIntent);

        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void renameGroup(Intent intent) {
        long groupId = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_GROUP_ID, -1);
        String label = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL);

        if (groupId == -1) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for renameGroup request");
            return;
        }

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(Groups.TITLE, label);
        final Uri groupUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Groups.CONTENT_URI, groupId);
        getContentResolver().update(groupUri, values, null, null);

        Intent callbackIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT);
        callbackIntent.setData(groupUri);
        deliverCallback(callbackIntent);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to delete a group.
     */
    public static Intent createGroupDeletionIntent(Context context, long groupId) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_DELETE_GROUP);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_GROUP_ID, groupId);
        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void deleteGroup(Intent intent) {
        long groupId = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_GROUP_ID, -1);
        if (groupId == -1) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for deleteGroup request");
            return;
        }

        getContentResolver().delete(
                ContentUris.withAppendedId(Groups.CONTENT_URI, groupId), null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to rename a group as
     * well as add and remove members from the group.
     *
     * @param context of the application
     * @param groupId of the group that should be modified
     * @param newLabel is the updated name of the group (can be null if the name
     *            should not be updated)
     * @param rawContactsToAdd is an array of raw contact IDs for contacts that
     *            should be added to the group
     * @param rawContactsToRemove is an array of raw contact IDs for contacts
     *            that should be removed from the group
     * @param callbackActivity is the activity to send the callback intent to
     * @param callbackAction is the intent action for the callback intent
     */
    public static Intent createGroupUpdateIntent(Context context, long groupId, String newLabel,
            long[] rawContactsToAdd, long[] rawContactsToRemove,
            Class<?> callbackActivity, String callbackAction) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_UPDATE_GROUP);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_GROUP_ID, groupId);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL, newLabel);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_ADD, rawContactsToAdd);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_REMOVE,
                rawContactsToRemove);

        // Callback intent will be invoked by the service once the group is updated
        Intent callbackIntent = new Intent(context, callbackActivity);
        callbackIntent.setAction(callbackAction);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT, callbackIntent);

        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void updateGroup(Intent intent) {
        long groupId = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_GROUP_ID, -1);
        String label = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_GROUP_LABEL);
        long[] rawContactsToAdd = intent.getLongArrayExtra(EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_ADD);
        long[] rawContactsToRemove = intent.getLongArrayExtra(EXTRA_RAW_CONTACTS_TO_REMOVE);

        if (groupId == -1) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for updateGroup request");
            return;
        }

        final ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
        final Uri groupUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Groups.CONTENT_URI, groupId);

        // Update group name if necessary
        if (label != null) {
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
            values.put(Groups.TITLE, label);
            resolver.update(groupUri, values, null, null);
        }

        // Add and remove members if necessary
        addMembersToGroup(resolver, rawContactsToAdd, groupId);
        removeMembersFromGroup(resolver, rawContactsToRemove, groupId);

        Intent callbackIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT);
        callbackIntent.setData(groupUri);
        deliverCallback(callbackIntent);
    }

    private void addMembersToGroup(ContentResolver resolver, long[] rawContactsToAdd,
            long groupId) {
        if (rawContactsToAdd == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (long rawContactId : rawContactsToAdd) {
            try {
                final ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> rawContactOperations =
                        new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();

                // Build an assert operation to ensure the contact is not already in the group
                final ContentProviderOperation.Builder assertBuilder = ContentProviderOperation
                        .newAssertQuery(Data.CONTENT_URI);
                assertBuilder.withSelection(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID + "=? AND " +
                        Data.MIMETYPE + "=? AND " + GroupMembership.GROUP_ROW_ID + "=?",
                        new String[] { String.valueOf(rawContactId),
                        GroupMembership.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, String.valueOf(groupId)});
                assertBuilder.withExpectedCount(0);
                rawContactOperations.add(assertBuilder.build());

                // Build an insert operation to add the contact to the group
                final ContentProviderOperation.Builder insertBuilder = ContentProviderOperation
                        .newInsert(Data.CONTENT_URI);
                insertBuilder.withValue(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactId);
                insertBuilder.withValue(Data.MIMETYPE, GroupMembership.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE);
                insertBuilder.withValue(GroupMembership.GROUP_ROW_ID, groupId);
                rawContactOperations.add(insertBuilder.build());

                if (DEBUG) {
                    for (ContentProviderOperation operation : rawContactOperations) {
                        Log.v(TAG, operation.toString());
                    }
                }

                // Apply batch
                ContentProviderResult[] results = null;
                if (!rawContactOperations.isEmpty()) {
                    results = resolver.applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, rawContactOperations);
                }
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                // Something went wrong, bail without success
                Log.e(TAG, "Problem persisting user edits for raw contact ID " +
                        String.valueOf(rawContactId), e);
            } catch (OperationApplicationException e) {
                // The assert could have failed because the contact is already in the group,
                // just continue to the next contact
                Log.w(TAG, "Assert failed in adding raw contact ID " +
                        String.valueOf(rawContactId) + ". Already exists in group " +
                        String.valueOf(groupId), e);
            }
        }
    }

    private void removeMembersFromGroup(ContentResolver resolver, long[] rawContactsToRemove,
            long groupId) {
        if (rawContactsToRemove == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (long rawContactId : rawContactsToRemove) {
            // Apply the delete operation on the data row for the given raw contact's
            // membership in the given group. If no contact matches the provided selection, then
            // nothing will be done. Just continue to the next contact.
            getContentResolver().delete(Data.CONTENT_URI, Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID + "=? AND " +
                    Data.MIMETYPE + "=? AND " + GroupMembership.GROUP_ROW_ID + "=?",
                    new String[] { String.valueOf(rawContactId),
                    GroupMembership.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, String.valueOf(groupId)});
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to star or un-star a contact.
     */
    public static Intent createSetStarredIntent(Context context, Uri contactUri, boolean value) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_SET_STARRED);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_URI, contactUri);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_STARRED_FLAG, value);

        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void setStarred(Intent intent) {
        Uri contactUri = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_URI);
        boolean value = intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_STARRED_FLAG, false);
        if (contactUri == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for setStarred request");
            return;
        }

        final ContentValues values = new ContentValues(1);
        values.put(Contacts.STARRED, value);
        getContentResolver().update(contactUri, values, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to set the redirect to voicemail.
     */
    public static Intent createSetSendToVoicemail(Context context, Uri contactUri,
            boolean value) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_SET_SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_URI, contactUri);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL_FLAG, value);

        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void setSendToVoicemail(Intent intent) {
        Uri contactUri = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_URI);
        boolean value = intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL_FLAG, false);
        if (contactUri == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for setRedirectToVoicemail");
            return;
        }

        final ContentValues values = new ContentValues(1);
        values.put(Contacts.SEND_TO_VOICEMAIL, value);
        getContentResolver().update(contactUri, values, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to save the contact's ringtone.
     */
    public static Intent createSetRingtone(Context context, Uri contactUri,
            String value) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_SET_RINGTONE);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_URI, contactUri);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CUSTOM_RINGTONE, value);

        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void setRingtone(Intent intent) {
        Uri contactUri = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_URI);
        String value = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_CUSTOM_RINGTONE);
        if (contactUri == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for setRingtone");
            return;
        }
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues(1);
        values.put(Contacts.CUSTOM_RINGTONE, value);
        getContentResolver().update(contactUri, values, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that sets the selected data item as super primary (default)
     */
    public static Intent createSetSuperPrimaryIntent(Context context, long dataId) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_SET_SUPER_PRIMARY);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_DATA_ID, dataId);
        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void setSuperPrimary(Intent intent) {
        long dataId = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_DATA_ID, -1);
        if (dataId == -1) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for setSuperPrimary request");
            return;
        }

        // Update the primary values in the data record.
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues(1);
        values.put(Data.IS_SUPER_PRIMARY, 1);
        values.put(Data.IS_PRIMARY, 1);

        getContentResolver().update(ContentUris.withAppendedId(Data.CONTENT_URI, dataId),
                values, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that clears the primary flag of all data items that belong to the same
     * raw_contact as the given data item. Will only clear, if the data item was primary before
     * this call
     */
    public static Intent createClearPrimaryIntent(Context context, long dataId) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_CLEAR_PRIMARY);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_DATA_ID, dataId);
        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void clearPrimary(Intent intent) {
        long dataId = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_DATA_ID, -1);
        if (dataId == -1) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for clearPrimary request");
            return;
        }

        // Update the primary values in the data record.
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues(1);
        values.put(Data.IS_SUPER_PRIMARY, 0);
        values.put(Data.IS_PRIMARY, 0);

        getContentResolver().update(ContentUris.withAppendedId(Data.CONTENT_URI, dataId),
                values, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to delete a contact.
     */
    public static Intent createDeleteContactIntent(Context context, Uri contactUri) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_DELETE_CONTACT);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_URI, contactUri);
        return serviceIntent;
    }

    private void deleteContact(Intent intent) {
        Uri contactUri = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_URI);
        if (contactUri == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for deleteContact request");
            return;
        }

        getContentResolver().delete(contactUri, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an intent that can be sent to this service to join two contacts.
     */
    public static Intent createJoinContactsIntent(Context context, long contactId1,
            long contactId2, boolean contactWritable,
            Class<?> callbackActivity, String callbackAction) {
        Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class);
        serviceIntent.setAction(ContactSaveService.ACTION_JOIN_CONTACTS);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_ID1, contactId1);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_ID2, contactId2);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CONTACT_WRITABLE, contactWritable);

        // Callback intent will be invoked by the service once the contacts are joined.
        Intent callbackIntent = new Intent(context, callbackActivity);
        callbackIntent.setAction(callbackAction);
        serviceIntent.putExtra(ContactSaveService.EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT, callbackIntent);

        return serviceIntent;
    }


    private interface JoinContactQuery {
        String[] PROJECTION = {
                RawContacts._ID,
                RawContacts.CONTACT_ID,
                RawContacts.NAME_VERIFIED,
                RawContacts.DISPLAY_NAME_SOURCE,
        };

        String SELECTION = RawContacts.CONTACT_ID + "=? OR " + RawContacts.CONTACT_ID + "=?";

        int _ID = 0;
        int CONTACT_ID = 1;
        int NAME_VERIFIED = 2;
        int DISPLAY_NAME_SOURCE = 3;
    }

    private void joinContacts(Intent intent) {
        long contactId1 = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_ID1, -1);
        long contactId2 = intent.getLongExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_ID2, -1);
        boolean writable = intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_CONTACT_WRITABLE, false);
        if (contactId1 == -1 || contactId2 == -1) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid arguments for joinContacts request");
            return;
        }

        final ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();

        // Load raw contact IDs for all raw contacts involved - currently edited and selected
        // in the join UIs
        Cursor c = resolver.query(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI,
                JoinContactQuery.PROJECTION,
                JoinContactQuery.SELECTION,
                new String[]{String.valueOf(contactId1), String.valueOf(contactId2)}, null);

        long rawContactIds[];
        long verifiedNameRawContactId = -1;
        try {
            int maxDisplayNameSource = -1;
            rawContactIds = new long[c.getCount()];
            for (int i = 0; i < rawContactIds.length; i++) {
                c.moveToPosition(i);
                long rawContactId = c.getLong(JoinContactQuery._ID);
                rawContactIds[i] = rawContactId;
                int nameSource = c.getInt(JoinContactQuery.DISPLAY_NAME_SOURCE);
                if (nameSource > maxDisplayNameSource) {
                    maxDisplayNameSource = nameSource;
                }
            }

            // Find an appropriate display name for the joined contact:
            // if should have a higher DisplayNameSource or be the name
            // of the original contact that we are joining with another.
            if (writable) {
                for (int i = 0; i < rawContactIds.length; i++) {
                    c.moveToPosition(i);
                    if (c.getLong(JoinContactQuery.CONTACT_ID) == contactId1) {
                        int nameSource = c.getInt(JoinContactQuery.DISPLAY_NAME_SOURCE);
                        if (nameSource == maxDisplayNameSource
                                && (verifiedNameRawContactId == -1
                                        || c.getInt(JoinContactQuery.NAME_VERIFIED) != 0)) {
                            verifiedNameRawContactId = c.getLong(JoinContactQuery._ID);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } finally {
            c.close();
        }

        // For each pair of raw contacts, insert an aggregation exception
        ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();
        for (int i = 0; i < rawContactIds.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < rawContactIds.length; j++) {
                if (i != j) {
                    buildJoinContactDiff(operations, rawContactIds[i], rawContactIds[j]);
                }
            }
        }

        // Mark the original contact as "name verified" to make sure that the contact
        // display name does not change as a result of the join
        if (verifiedNameRawContactId != -1) {
            Builder builder = ContentProviderOperation.newUpdate(
                    ContentUris.withAppendedId(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI, verifiedNameRawContactId));
            builder.withValue(RawContacts.NAME_VERIFIED, 1);
            operations.add(builder.build());
        }

        boolean success = false;
        // Apply all aggregation exceptions as one batch
        try {
            resolver.applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, operations);
            showToast(R.string.contactsJoinedMessage);
            success = true;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to apply aggregation exception batch", e);
            showToast(R.string.contactSavedErrorToast);
        } catch (OperationApplicationException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to apply aggregation exception batch", e);
            showToast(R.string.contactSavedErrorToast);
        }

        Intent callbackIntent = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK_INTENT);
        if (success) {
            Uri uri = RawContacts.getContactLookupUri(resolver,
                    ContentUris.withAppendedId(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI, rawContactIds[0]));
            callbackIntent.setData(uri);
        }
        deliverCallback(callbackIntent);
    }

    /**
     * Construct a {@link AggregationExceptions#TYPE_KEEP_TOGETHER} ContentProviderOperation.
     */
    private void buildJoinContactDiff(ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations,
            long rawContactId1, long rawContactId2) {
        Builder builder =
                ContentProviderOperation.newUpdate(AggregationExceptions.CONTENT_URI);
        builder.withValue(AggregationExceptions.TYPE, AggregationExceptions.TYPE_KEEP_TOGETHER);
        builder.withValue(AggregationExceptions.RAW_CONTACT_ID1, rawContactId1);
        builder.withValue(AggregationExceptions.RAW_CONTACT_ID2, rawContactId2);
        operations.add(builder.build());
    }

    /**
     * Shows a toast on the UI thread.
     */
    private void showToast(final int message) {
        mMainHandler.post(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                Toast.makeText(ContactSaveService.this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
    }

    private void deliverCallback(final Intent callbackIntent) {
        mMainHandler.post(new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                deliverCallbackOnUiThread(callbackIntent);
            }
        });
    }

    void deliverCallbackOnUiThread(final Intent callbackIntent) {
        // TODO: this assumes that if there are multiple instances of the same
        // activity registered, the last one registered is the one waiting for
        // the callback. Validity of this assumption needs to be verified.
        synchronized (sListeners) {
            for (Listener listener : sListeners) {
                if (callbackIntent.getComponent().equals(
                        ((Activity) listener).getIntent().getComponent())) {
                    listener.onServiceCompleted(callbackIntent);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}