runtime.cc revision eb175f70ef352ce0b9bcafdf06c5ac22b0ff626a 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#include "runtime.h"
18
19// sys/mount.h has to come before linux/fs.h due to redefinition of MS_RDONLY, MS_BIND, etc
20#include <sys/mount.h>
21#ifdef __linux__
22#include <linux/fs.h>
23#endif
24
25#include <signal.h>
26#include <sys/syscall.h>
27#include <valgrind.h>
28
29#include <cstdio>
30#include <cstdlib>
31#include <limits>
32#include <memory>
33#include <vector>
34#include <fcntl.h>
35
36#include "arch/arm/quick_method_frame_info_arm.h"
37#include "arch/arm/registers_arm.h"
38#include "arch/arm64/quick_method_frame_info_arm64.h"
39#include "arch/arm64/registers_arm64.h"
40#include "arch/mips/quick_method_frame_info_mips.h"
41#include "arch/mips/registers_mips.h"
42#include "arch/x86/quick_method_frame_info_x86.h"
43#include "arch/x86/registers_x86.h"
44#include "arch/x86_64/quick_method_frame_info_x86_64.h"
45#include "arch/x86_64/registers_x86_64.h"
46#include "asm_support.h"
47#include "atomic.h"
48#include "base/dumpable.h"
49#include "base/unix_file/fd_file.h"
50#include "class_linker.h"
51#include "debugger.h"
52#include "elf_file.h"
53#include "entrypoints/runtime_asm_entrypoints.h"
54#include "fault_handler.h"
55#include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
56#include "gc/heap.h"
57#include "gc/space/image_space.h"
58#include "gc/space/space.h"
59#include "image.h"
60#include "instrumentation.h"
61#include "intern_table.h"
62#include "jni_internal.h"
63#include "mirror/art_field-inl.h"
64#include "mirror/art_method-inl.h"
65#include "mirror/array.h"
66#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
67#include "mirror/class_loader.h"
68#include "mirror/stack_trace_element.h"
69#include "mirror/throwable.h"
70#include "monitor.h"
71#include "native_bridge_art_interface.h"
72#include "parsed_options.h"
73#include "oat_file.h"
74#include "os.h"
75#include "quick/quick_method_frame_info.h"
76#include "reflection.h"
77#include "ScopedLocalRef.h"
78#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
79#include "sigchain.h"
80#include "signal_catcher.h"
81#include "signal_set.h"
82#include "handle_scope-inl.h"
83#include "thread.h"
84#include "thread_list.h"
85#include "trace.h"
86#include "transaction.h"
87#include "profiler.h"
88#include "verifier/method_verifier.h"
89#include "well_known_classes.h"
90
91#include "JniConstants.h"  // Last to avoid LOG redefinition in ics-mr1-plus-art.
92
93#ifdef HAVE_ANDROID_OS
94#include "cutils/properties.h"
95#endif
96
97namespace art {
98
99// If a signal isn't handled properly, enable a handler that attempts to dump the Java stack.
100static constexpr bool kEnableJavaStackTraceHandler = false;
101Runtime* Runtime::instance_ = nullptr;
102
103Runtime::Runtime()
104    : instruction_set_(kNone),
105      compiler_callbacks_(nullptr),
106      is_zygote_(false),
107      must_relocate_(false),
108      is_concurrent_gc_enabled_(true),
109      is_explicit_gc_disabled_(false),
110      dex2oat_enabled_(true),
111      image_dex2oat_enabled_(true),
112      default_stack_size_(0),
113      heap_(nullptr),
114      max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_(Monitor::kDefaultMaxSpinsBeforeThinLockInflation),
115      monitor_list_(nullptr),
116      monitor_pool_(nullptr),
117      thread_list_(nullptr),
118      intern_table_(nullptr),
119      class_linker_(nullptr),
120      signal_catcher_(nullptr),
121      java_vm_(nullptr),
122      fault_message_lock_("Fault message lock"),
123      fault_message_(""),
124      method_verifier_lock_("Method verifiers lock"),
125      threads_being_born_(0),
126      shutdown_cond_(new ConditionVariable("Runtime shutdown", *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_)),
127      shutting_down_(false),
128      shutting_down_started_(false),
129      started_(false),
130      finished_starting_(false),
131      vfprintf_(nullptr),
132      exit_(nullptr),
133      abort_(nullptr),
134      stats_enabled_(false),
135      running_on_valgrind_(RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND > 0),
136      profiler_started_(false),
137      method_trace_(false),
138      method_trace_file_size_(0),
139      instrumentation_(),
140      use_compile_time_class_path_(false),
141      main_thread_group_(nullptr),
142      system_thread_group_(nullptr),
143      system_class_loader_(nullptr),
144      dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_(false),
145      preinitialization_transaction_(nullptr),
146      verify_(false),
147      target_sdk_version_(0),
148      implicit_null_checks_(false),
149      implicit_so_checks_(false),
150      implicit_suspend_checks_(false),
151      is_native_bridge_loaded_(false) {
152  CheckAsmSupportOffsetsAndSizes();
153}
154
155Runtime::~Runtime() {
156  if (is_native_bridge_loaded_) {
157    UnloadNativeBridge();
158  }
159  if (dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_) {
160    // This can't be called from the Heap destructor below because it
161    // could call RosAlloc::InspectAll() which needs the thread_list
162    // to be still alive.
163    heap_->DumpGcPerformanceInfo(LOG(INFO));
164  }
165
166  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
167  {
168    MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_);
169    shutting_down_started_ = true;
170    while (threads_being_born_ > 0) {
171      shutdown_cond_->Wait(self);
172    }
173    shutting_down_ = true;
174  }
175  // Shut down background profiler before the runtime exits.
176  if (profiler_started_) {
177    BackgroundMethodSamplingProfiler::Shutdown();
178  }
179
180  Trace::Shutdown();
181
182  // Make sure to let the GC complete if it is running.
183  heap_->WaitForGcToComplete(gc::kGcCauseBackground, self);
184  heap_->DeleteThreadPool();
185
186  // Make sure our internal threads are dead before we start tearing down things they're using.
187  Dbg::StopJdwp();
188  delete signal_catcher_;
189
190  // Make sure all other non-daemon threads have terminated, and all daemon threads are suspended.
191  delete thread_list_;
192
193  // Shutdown the fault manager if it was initialized.
194  fault_manager.Shutdown();
195
196  delete monitor_list_;
197  delete monitor_pool_;
198  delete class_linker_;
199  delete heap_;
200  delete intern_table_;
201  delete java_vm_;
202  Thread::Shutdown();
203  QuasiAtomic::Shutdown();
204  verifier::MethodVerifier::Shutdown();
205  MemMap::Shutdown();
206  // TODO: acquire a static mutex on Runtime to avoid racing.
207  CHECK(instance_ == nullptr || instance_ == this);
208  instance_ = nullptr;
209}
210
211struct AbortState {
212  void Dump(std::ostream& os) const {
213    if (gAborting > 1) {
214      os << "Runtime aborting --- recursively, so no thread-specific detail!\n";
215      return;
216    }
217    gAborting++;
218    os << "Runtime aborting...\n";
219    if (Runtime::Current() == NULL) {
220      os << "(Runtime does not yet exist!)\n";
221      return;
222    }
223    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
224    if (self == nullptr) {
225      os << "(Aborting thread was not attached to runtime!)\n";
226      DumpKernelStack(os, GetTid(), "  kernel: ", false);
227      DumpNativeStack(os, GetTid(), "  native: ", nullptr);
228    } else {
229      os << "Aborting thread:\n";
230      if (Locks::mutator_lock_->IsExclusiveHeld(self) || Locks::mutator_lock_->IsSharedHeld(self)) {
231        DumpThread(os, self);
232      } else {
233        if (Locks::mutator_lock_->SharedTryLock(self)) {
234          DumpThread(os, self);
235          Locks::mutator_lock_->SharedUnlock(self);
236        }
237      }
238    }
239    DumpAllThreads(os, self);
240  }
241
242  // No thread-safety analysis as we do explicitly test for holding the mutator lock.
243  void DumpThread(std::ostream& os, Thread* self) const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
244    DCHECK(Locks::mutator_lock_->IsExclusiveHeld(self) || Locks::mutator_lock_->IsSharedHeld(self));
245    self->Dump(os);
246    if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
247      ThrowLocation throw_location;
248      mirror::Throwable* exception = self->GetException(&throw_location);
249      os << "Pending exception " << PrettyTypeOf(exception)
250          << " thrown by '" << throw_location.Dump() << "'\n"
251          << exception->Dump();
252    }
253  }
254
255  void DumpAllThreads(std::ostream& os, Thread* self) const {
256    Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
257    if (runtime != nullptr) {
258      ThreadList* thread_list = runtime->GetThreadList();
259      if (thread_list != nullptr) {
260        bool tll_already_held = Locks::thread_list_lock_->IsExclusiveHeld(self);
261        bool ml_already_held = Locks::mutator_lock_->IsSharedHeld(self);
262        if (!tll_already_held || !ml_already_held) {
263          os << "Dumping all threads without appropriate locks held:"
264              << (!tll_already_held ? " thread list lock" : "")
265              << (!ml_already_held ? " mutator lock" : "")
266              << "\n";
267        }
268        os << "All threads:\n";
269        thread_list->Dump(os);
270      }
271    }
272  }
273};
274
275void Runtime::Abort() {
276  gAborting++;  // set before taking any locks
277
278  // Ensure that we don't have multiple threads trying to abort at once,
279  // which would result in significantly worse diagnostics.
280  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::abort_lock_);
281
282  // Get any pending output out of the way.
283  fflush(NULL);
284
285  // Many people have difficulty distinguish aborts from crashes,
286  // so be explicit.
287  AbortState state;
288  LOG(INTERNAL_FATAL) << Dumpable<AbortState>(state);
289
290  // Call the abort hook if we have one.
291  if (Runtime::Current() != NULL && Runtime::Current()->abort_ != NULL) {
292    LOG(INTERNAL_FATAL) << "Calling abort hook...";
293    Runtime::Current()->abort_();
294    // notreached
295    LOG(INTERNAL_FATAL) << "Unexpectedly returned from abort hook!";
296  }
297
298#if defined(__GLIBC__)
299  // TODO: we ought to be able to use pthread_kill(3) here (or abort(3),
300  // which POSIX defines in terms of raise(3), which POSIX defines in terms
301  // of pthread_kill(3)). On Linux, though, libcorkscrew can't unwind through
302  // libpthread, which means the stacks we dump would be useless. Calling
303  // tgkill(2) directly avoids that.
304  syscall(__NR_tgkill, getpid(), GetTid(), SIGABRT);
305  // TODO: LLVM installs it's own SIGABRT handler so exit to be safe... Can we disable that in LLVM?
306  // If not, we could use sigaction(3) before calling tgkill(2) and lose this call to exit(3).
307  exit(1);
308#else
309  abort();
310#endif
311  // notreached
312}
313
314void Runtime::PreZygoteFork() {
315  heap_->PreZygoteFork();
316}
317
318void Runtime::CallExitHook(jint status) {
319  if (exit_ != NULL) {
320    ScopedThreadStateChange tsc(Thread::Current(), kNative);
321    exit_(status);
322    LOG(WARNING) << "Exit hook returned instead of exiting!";
323  }
324}
325
326void Runtime::SweepSystemWeaks(IsMarkedCallback* visitor, void* arg) {
327  GetInternTable()->SweepInternTableWeaks(visitor, arg);
328  GetMonitorList()->SweepMonitorList(visitor, arg);
329  GetJavaVM()->SweepJniWeakGlobals(visitor, arg);
330}
331
332bool Runtime::Create(const RuntimeOptions& options, bool ignore_unrecognized) {
333  // TODO: acquire a static mutex on Runtime to avoid racing.
334  if (Runtime::instance_ != NULL) {
335    return false;
336  }
337  InitLogging(NULL);  // Calls Locks::Init() as a side effect.
338  instance_ = new Runtime;
339  if (!instance_->Init(options, ignore_unrecognized)) {
340    delete instance_;
341    instance_ = NULL;
342    return false;
343  }
344  return true;
345}
346
347jobject CreateSystemClassLoader() {
348  if (Runtime::Current()->UseCompileTimeClassPath()) {
349    return NULL;
350  }
351
352  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
353  ClassLinker* cl = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
354
355  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
356  Handle<mirror::Class> class_loader_class(
357      hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ClassLoader)));
358  CHECK(cl->EnsureInitialized(soa.Self(), class_loader_class, true, true));
359
360  mirror::ArtMethod* getSystemClassLoader =
361      class_loader_class->FindDirectMethod("getSystemClassLoader", "()Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
362  CHECK(getSystemClassLoader != NULL);
363
364  JValue result = InvokeWithJValues(soa, nullptr, soa.EncodeMethod(getSystemClassLoader), nullptr);
365  JNIEnv* env = soa.Self()->GetJniEnv();
366  ScopedLocalRef<jobject> system_class_loader(env,
367                                              soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(result.GetL()));
368  CHECK(system_class_loader.get() != nullptr);
369
370  soa.Self()->SetClassLoaderOverride(system_class_loader.get());
371
372  Handle<mirror::Class> thread_class(
373      hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::Class*>(WellKnownClasses::java_lang_Thread)));
374  CHECK(cl->EnsureInitialized(soa.Self(), thread_class, true, true));
375
376  mirror::ArtField* contextClassLoader =
377      thread_class->FindDeclaredInstanceField("contextClassLoader", "Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
378  CHECK(contextClassLoader != NULL);
379
380  // We can't run in a transaction yet.
381  contextClassLoader->SetObject<false>(soa.Self()->GetPeer(),
382                                       soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(system_class_loader.get()));
383
384  return env->NewGlobalRef(system_class_loader.get());
385}
386
387std::string Runtime::GetPatchoatExecutable() const {
388  if (!patchoat_executable_.empty()) {
389    return patchoat_executable_;
390  }
391  std::string patchoat_executable_(GetAndroidRoot());
392  patchoat_executable_ += (kIsDebugBuild ? "/bin/patchoatd" : "/bin/patchoat");
393  return patchoat_executable_;
394}
395
396std::string Runtime::GetCompilerExecutable() const {
397  if (!compiler_executable_.empty()) {
398    return compiler_executable_;
399  }
400  std::string compiler_executable(GetAndroidRoot());
401  compiler_executable += (kIsDebugBuild ? "/bin/dex2oatd" : "/bin/dex2oat");
402  return compiler_executable;
403}
404
405bool Runtime::Start() {
406  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::Start entering";
407
408  // Restore main thread state to kNative as expected by native code.
409  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
410
411  self->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);
412
413  started_ = true;
414
415  if (IsZygote()) {
416    ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
417    Runtime::Current()->GetInternTable()->AddImageStringsToTable(heap_->GetImageSpace());
418  }
419
420  if (!IsImageDex2OatEnabled() || !Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->HasImageSpace()) {
421    ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
422    StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
423    auto klass(hs.NewHandle<mirror::Class>(mirror::Class::GetJavaLangClass()));
424    class_linker_->EnsureInitialized(soa.Self(), klass, true, true);
425  }
426
427  // InitNativeMethods needs to be after started_ so that the classes
428  // it touches will have methods linked to the oat file if necessary.
429  InitNativeMethods();
430
431  // Initialize well known thread group values that may be accessed threads while attaching.
432  InitThreadGroups(self);
433
434  Thread::FinishStartup();
435
436  system_class_loader_ = CreateSystemClassLoader();
437
438  if (is_zygote_) {
439    if (!InitZygote()) {
440      return false;
441    }
442  } else {
443    if (is_native_bridge_loaded_) {
444      PreInitializeNativeBridge(".");
445    }
446    DidForkFromZygote(self->GetJniEnv(), NativeBridgeAction::kInitialize,
447                      GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA));
448  }
449
450  StartDaemonThreads();
451
452  {
453    ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
454    self->GetJniEnv()->locals.AssertEmpty();
455  }
456
457  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::Start exiting";
458  finished_starting_ = true;
459
460  if (profiler_options_.IsEnabled() && !profile_output_filename_.empty()) {
461    // User has asked for a profile using -Xenable-profiler.
462    // Create the profile file if it doesn't exist.
463    int fd = open(profile_output_filename_.c_str(), O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0660);
464    if (fd >= 0) {
465      close(fd);
466    } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
467      LOG(INFO) << "Failed to access the profile file. Profiler disabled.";
468      return true;
469    }
470    StartProfiler(profile_output_filename_.c_str());
471  }
472
473  return true;
474}
475
476void Runtime::EndThreadBirth() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_) {
477  DCHECK_GT(threads_being_born_, 0U);
478  threads_being_born_--;
479  if (shutting_down_started_ && threads_being_born_ == 0) {
480    shutdown_cond_->Broadcast(Thread::Current());
481  }
482}
483
484// Do zygote-mode-only initialization.
485bool Runtime::InitZygote() {
486#ifdef __linux__
487  // zygote goes into its own process group
488  setpgid(0, 0);
489
490  // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/tech/storage/
491  // Create private mount namespace shared by all children
492  if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1) {
493    PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to unshare()";
494    return false;
495  }
496
497  // Mark rootfs as being a slave so that changes from default
498  // namespace only flow into our children.
499  if (mount("rootfs", "/", NULL, (MS_SLAVE | MS_REC), NULL) == -1) {
500    PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to mount() rootfs as MS_SLAVE";
501    return false;
502  }
503
504  // Create a staging tmpfs that is shared by our children; they will
505  // bind mount storage into their respective private namespaces, which
506  // are isolated from each other.
507  const char* target_base = getenv("EMULATED_STORAGE_TARGET");
508  if (target_base != NULL) {
509    if (mount("tmpfs", target_base, "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
510              "uid=0,gid=1028,mode=0751") == -1) {
511      LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to mount tmpfs to " << target_base;
512      return false;
513    }
514  }
515
516  return true;
517#else
518  UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL);
519  return false;
520#endif
521}
522
523void Runtime::DidForkFromZygote(JNIEnv* env, NativeBridgeAction action, const char* isa) {
524  is_zygote_ = false;
525
526  if (is_native_bridge_loaded_) {
527    switch (action) {
528      case NativeBridgeAction::kUnload:
529        UnloadNativeBridge();
530        is_native_bridge_loaded_ = false;
531        break;
532
533      case NativeBridgeAction::kInitialize:
534        InitializeNativeBridge(env, isa);
535        break;
536    }
537  }
538
539  // Create the thread pool.
540  heap_->CreateThreadPool();
541
542  StartSignalCatcher();
543
544  // Start the JDWP thread. If the command-line debugger flags specified "suspend=y",
545  // this will pause the runtime, so we probably want this to come last.
546  Dbg::StartJdwp();
547}
548
549void Runtime::StartSignalCatcher() {
550  if (!is_zygote_) {
551    signal_catcher_ = new SignalCatcher(stack_trace_file_);
552  }
553}
554
555bool Runtime::IsShuttingDown(Thread* self) {
556  MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::runtime_shutdown_lock_);
557  return IsShuttingDownLocked();
558}
559
560void Runtime::StartDaemonThreads() {
561  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::StartDaemonThreads entering";
562
563  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
564
565  // Must be in the kNative state for calling native methods.
566  CHECK_EQ(self->GetState(), kNative);
567
568  JNIEnv* env = self->GetJniEnv();
569  env->CallStaticVoidMethod(WellKnownClasses::java_lang_Daemons,
570                            WellKnownClasses::java_lang_Daemons_start);
571  if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
572    env->ExceptionDescribe();
573    LOG(FATAL) << "Error starting java.lang.Daemons";
574  }
575
576  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::StartDaemonThreads exiting";
577}
578
579static bool OpenDexFilesFromImage(const std::vector<std::string>& dex_filenames,
580                                  const std::string& image_location,
581                                  std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
582                                  size_t* failures) {
583  std::string system_filename;
584  bool has_system = false;
585  std::string cache_filename_unused;
586  bool dalvik_cache_exists_unused;
587  bool has_cache_unused;
588  bool is_global_cache_unused;
589  bool found_image = gc::space::ImageSpace::FindImageFilename(image_location.c_str(),
590                                                              kRuntimeISA,
591                                                              &system_filename,
592                                                              &has_system,
593                                                              &cache_filename_unused,
594                                                              &dalvik_cache_exists_unused,
595                                                              &has_cache_unused,
596                                                              &is_global_cache_unused);
597  *failures = 0;
598  if (!found_image || !has_system) {
599    return false;
600  }
601  std::string error_msg;
602  // We are falling back to non-executable use of the oat file because patching failed, presumably
603  // due to lack of space.
604  std::string oat_filename = ImageHeader::GetOatLocationFromImageLocation(system_filename.c_str());
605  std::string oat_location = ImageHeader::GetOatLocationFromImageLocation(image_location.c_str());
606  std::unique_ptr<File> file(OS::OpenFileForReading(oat_filename.c_str()));
607  if (file.get() == nullptr) {
608    return false;
609  }
610  std::unique_ptr<ElfFile> elf_file(ElfFile::Open(file.release(), false, false, &error_msg));
611  if (elf_file.get() == nullptr) {
612    return false;
613  }
614  std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file(OatFile::OpenWithElfFile(elf_file.release(), oat_location,
615                                                             &error_msg));
616  if (oat_file.get() == nullptr) {
617    LOG(INFO) << "Unable to use '" << oat_filename << "' because " << error_msg;
618    return false;
619  }
620
621  for (const OatFile::OatDexFile* oat_dex_file : oat_file->GetOatDexFiles()) {
622    if (oat_dex_file == nullptr) {
623      *failures += 1;
624      continue;
625    }
626    const DexFile* dex_file = oat_dex_file->OpenDexFile(&error_msg);
627    if (dex_file == nullptr) {
628      *failures += 1;
629    } else {
630      dex_files.push_back(dex_file);
631    }
632  }
633  Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->RegisterOatFile(oat_file.release());
634  return true;
635}
636
637
638static size_t OpenDexFiles(const std::vector<std::string>& dex_filenames,
639                           const std::string& image_location,
640                           std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) {
641  size_t failure_count = 0;
642  if (!image_location.empty() && OpenDexFilesFromImage(dex_filenames, image_location, dex_files,
643                                                       &failure_count)) {
644    return failure_count;
645  }
646  failure_count = 0;
647  for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_filenames.size(); i++) {
648    const char* dex_filename = dex_filenames[i].c_str();
649    std::string error_msg;
650    if (!OS::FileExists(dex_filename)) {
651      LOG(WARNING) << "Skipping non-existent dex file '" << dex_filename << "'";
652      continue;
653    }
654    if (!DexFile::Open(dex_filename, dex_filename, &error_msg, &dex_files)) {
655      LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open .dex from file '" << dex_filename << "': " << error_msg;
656      ++failure_count;
657    }
658  }
659  return failure_count;
660}
661
662bool Runtime::Init(const RuntimeOptions& raw_options, bool ignore_unrecognized) {
663  CHECK_EQ(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE), kPageSize);
664
665  MemMap::Init();
666
667  std::unique_ptr<ParsedOptions> options(ParsedOptions::Create(raw_options, ignore_unrecognized));
668  if (options.get() == nullptr) {
669    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse options";
670    return false;
671  }
672  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::Init -verbose:startup enabled";
673
674  QuasiAtomic::Startup();
675
676  Monitor::Init(options->lock_profiling_threshold_, options->hook_is_sensitive_thread_);
677
678  boot_class_path_string_ = options->boot_class_path_string_;
679  class_path_string_ = options->class_path_string_;
680  properties_ = options->properties_;
681
682  compiler_callbacks_ = options->compiler_callbacks_;
683  patchoat_executable_ = options->patchoat_executable_;
684  must_relocate_ = options->must_relocate_;
685  is_zygote_ = options->is_zygote_;
686  is_explicit_gc_disabled_ = options->is_explicit_gc_disabled_;
687  dex2oat_enabled_ = options->dex2oat_enabled_;
688  image_dex2oat_enabled_ = options->image_dex2oat_enabled_;
689
690  vfprintf_ = options->hook_vfprintf_;
691  exit_ = options->hook_exit_;
692  abort_ = options->hook_abort_;
693
694  default_stack_size_ = options->stack_size_;
695  stack_trace_file_ = options->stack_trace_file_;
696
697  compiler_executable_ = options->compiler_executable_;
698  compiler_options_ = options->compiler_options_;
699  image_compiler_options_ = options->image_compiler_options_;
700  image_location_ = options->image_;
701
702  max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_ = options->max_spins_before_thin_lock_inflation_;
703
704  monitor_list_ = new MonitorList;
705  monitor_pool_ = MonitorPool::Create();
706  thread_list_ = new ThreadList;
707  intern_table_ = new InternTable;
708
709  verify_ = options->verify_;
710
711  if (options->interpreter_only_) {
712    GetInstrumentation()->ForceInterpretOnly();
713  }
714
715  heap_ = new gc::Heap(options->heap_initial_size_,
716                       options->heap_growth_limit_,
717                       options->heap_min_free_,
718                       options->heap_max_free_,
719                       options->heap_target_utilization_,
720                       options->foreground_heap_growth_multiplier_,
721                       options->heap_maximum_size_,
722                       options->heap_non_moving_space_capacity_,
723                       options->image_,
724                       options->image_isa_,
725                       options->collector_type_,
726                       options->background_collector_type_,
727                       options->large_object_space_type_,
728                       options->large_object_threshold_,
729                       options->parallel_gc_threads_,
730                       options->conc_gc_threads_,
731                       options->low_memory_mode_,
732                       options->long_pause_log_threshold_,
733                       options->long_gc_log_threshold_,
734                       options->ignore_max_footprint_,
735                       options->use_tlab_,
736                       options->verify_pre_gc_heap_,
737                       options->verify_pre_sweeping_heap_,
738                       options->verify_post_gc_heap_,
739                       options->verify_pre_gc_rosalloc_,
740                       options->verify_pre_sweeping_rosalloc_,
741                       options->verify_post_gc_rosalloc_,
742                       options->use_homogeneous_space_compaction_for_oom_,
743                       options->min_interval_homogeneous_space_compaction_by_oom_);
744
745  dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_ = options->dump_gc_performance_on_shutdown_;
746
747  BlockSignals();
748  InitPlatformSignalHandlers();
749
750  // Change the implicit checks flags based on runtime architecture.
751  switch (kRuntimeISA) {
752    case kArm:
753    case kThumb2:
754    case kX86:
755    case kArm64:
756    case kX86_64:
757      implicit_null_checks_ = true;
758      // Installing stack protection does not play well with valgrind.
759      implicit_so_checks_ = (RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND == 0);
760      break;
761    default:
762      // Keep the defaults.
763      break;
764  }
765
766  // Always initialize the signal chain so that any calls to sigaction get
767  // correctly routed to the next in the chain regardless of whether we
768  // have claimed the signal or not.
769  InitializeSignalChain();
770
771  if (implicit_null_checks_ || implicit_so_checks_ || implicit_suspend_checks_) {
772    fault_manager.Init();
773
774    // These need to be in a specific order.  The null point check handler must be
775    // after the suspend check and stack overflow check handlers.
776    //
777    // Note: the instances attach themselves to the fault manager and are handled by it. The manager
778    //       will delete the instance on Shutdown().
779    if (implicit_suspend_checks_) {
780      new SuspensionHandler(&fault_manager);
781    }
782
783    if (implicit_so_checks_) {
784      new StackOverflowHandler(&fault_manager);
785    }
786
787    if (implicit_null_checks_) {
788      new NullPointerHandler(&fault_manager);
789    }
790
791    if (kEnableJavaStackTraceHandler) {
792      new JavaStackTraceHandler(&fault_manager);
793    }
794  }
795
796  java_vm_ = new JavaVMExt(this, options.get());
797
798  Thread::Startup();
799
800  // ClassLinker needs an attached thread, but we can't fully attach a thread without creating
801  // objects. We can't supply a thread group yet; it will be fixed later. Since we are the main
802  // thread, we do not get a java peer.
803  Thread* self = Thread::Attach("main", false, nullptr, false);
804  CHECK_EQ(self->GetThreadId(), ThreadList::kMainThreadId);
805  CHECK(self != nullptr);
806
807  // Set us to runnable so tools using a runtime can allocate and GC by default
808  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
809
810  // Now we're attached, we can take the heap locks and validate the heap.
811  GetHeap()->EnableObjectValidation();
812
813  CHECK_GE(GetHeap()->GetContinuousSpaces().size(), 1U);
814  class_linker_ = new ClassLinker(intern_table_);
815  if (GetHeap()->HasImageSpace()) {
816    class_linker_->InitFromImage();
817    if (kIsDebugBuild) {
818      GetHeap()->GetImageSpace()->VerifyImageAllocations();
819    }
820  } else if (!IsCompiler() || !image_dex2oat_enabled_) {
821    std::vector<std::string> dex_filenames;
822    Split(boot_class_path_string_, ':', &dex_filenames);
823    std::vector<const DexFile*> boot_class_path;
824    OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, options->image_, boot_class_path);
825    class_linker_->InitWithoutImage(boot_class_path);
826    // TODO: Should we move the following to InitWithoutImage?
827    SetInstructionSet(kRuntimeISA);
828    for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {
829      Runtime::CalleeSaveType type = Runtime::CalleeSaveType(i);
830      if (!HasCalleeSaveMethod(type)) {
831        SetCalleeSaveMethod(CreateCalleeSaveMethod(type), type);
832      }
833    }
834  } else {
835    CHECK(options->boot_class_path_ != nullptr);
836    CHECK_NE(options->boot_class_path_->size(), 0U);
837    class_linker_->InitWithoutImage(*options->boot_class_path_);
838  }
839  CHECK(class_linker_ != nullptr);
840
841  // Initialize the special sentinel_ value early.
842  sentinel_ = GcRoot<mirror::Object>(class_linker_->AllocObject(self));
843  CHECK(sentinel_.Read() != nullptr);
844
845  verifier::MethodVerifier::Init();
846
847  method_trace_ = options->method_trace_;
848  method_trace_file_ = options->method_trace_file_;
849  method_trace_file_size_ = options->method_trace_file_size_;
850
851  profile_output_filename_ = options->profile_output_filename_;
852  profiler_options_ = options->profiler_options_;
853
854  // TODO: move this to just be an Trace::Start argument
855  Trace::SetDefaultClockSource(options->profile_clock_source_);
856
857  if (options->method_trace_) {
858    ScopedThreadStateChange tsc(self, kWaitingForMethodTracingStart);
859    Trace::Start(options->method_trace_file_.c_str(), -1, options->method_trace_file_size_, 0,
860                 false, false, 0);
861  }
862
863  // Pre-allocate an OutOfMemoryError for the double-OOME case.
864  self->ThrowNewException(ThrowLocation(), "Ljava/lang/OutOfMemoryError;",
865                          "OutOfMemoryError thrown while trying to throw OutOfMemoryError; "
866                          "no stack trace available");
867  pre_allocated_OutOfMemoryError_ = GcRoot<mirror::Throwable>(self->GetException(NULL));
868  self->ClearException();
869
870  // Pre-allocate a NoClassDefFoundError for the common case of failing to find a system class
871  // ahead of checking the application's class loader.
872  self->ThrowNewException(ThrowLocation(), "Ljava/lang/NoClassDefFoundError;",
873                          "Class not found using the boot class loader; no stack trace available");
874  pre_allocated_NoClassDefFoundError_ = GcRoot<mirror::Throwable>(self->GetException(NULL));
875  self->ClearException();
876
877  // Look for a native bridge.
878  //
879  // The intended flow here is, in the case of a running system:
880  //
881  // Runtime::Init() (zygote):
882  //   LoadNativeBridge -> dlopen from cmd line parameter.
883  //  |
884  //  V
885  // Runtime::Start() (zygote):
886  //   No-op wrt native bridge.
887  //  |
888  //  | start app
889  //  V
890  // DidForkFromZygote(action)
891  //   action = kUnload -> dlclose native bridge.
892  //   action = kInitialize -> initialize library
893  //
894  //
895  // The intended flow here is, in the case of a simple dalvikvm call:
896  //
897  // Runtime::Init():
898  //   LoadNativeBridge -> dlopen from cmd line parameter.
899  //  |
900  //  V
901  // Runtime::Start():
902  //   DidForkFromZygote(kInitialize) -> try to initialize any native bridge given.
903  //   No-op wrt native bridge.
904  is_native_bridge_loaded_ = LoadNativeBridge(options->native_bridge_library_filename_);
905
906  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::Init exiting";
907  return true;
908}
909
910void Runtime::InitNativeMethods() {
911  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::InitNativeMethods entering";
912  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
913  JNIEnv* env = self->GetJniEnv();
914
915  // Must be in the kNative state for calling native methods (JNI_OnLoad code).
916  CHECK_EQ(self->GetState(), kNative);
917
918  // First set up JniConstants, which is used by both the runtime's built-in native
919  // methods and libcore.
920  JniConstants::init(env);
921  WellKnownClasses::Init(env);
922
923  // Then set up the native methods provided by the runtime itself.
924  RegisterRuntimeNativeMethods(env);
925
926  // Then set up libcore, which is just a regular JNI library with a regular JNI_OnLoad.
927  // Most JNI libraries can just use System.loadLibrary, but libcore can't because it's
928  // the library that implements System.loadLibrary!
929  {
930    std::string mapped_name(StringPrintf(OS_SHARED_LIB_FORMAT_STR, "javacore"));
931    std::string reason;
932    if (!java_vm_->LoadNativeLibrary(env, mapped_name, nullptr, &reason)) {
933      LOG(FATAL) << "LoadNativeLibrary failed for \"" << mapped_name << "\": " << reason;
934    }
935  }
936
937  // Initialize well known classes that may invoke runtime native methods.
938  WellKnownClasses::LateInit(env);
939
940  VLOG(startup) << "Runtime::InitNativeMethods exiting";
941}
942
943void Runtime::InitThreadGroups(Thread* self) {
944  JNIEnvExt* env = self->GetJniEnv();
945  ScopedJniEnvLocalRefState env_state(env);
946  main_thread_group_ =
947      env->NewGlobalRef(env->GetStaticObjectField(
948          WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ThreadGroup,
949          WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ThreadGroup_mainThreadGroup));
950  CHECK(main_thread_group_ != NULL || IsCompiler());
951  system_thread_group_ =
952      env->NewGlobalRef(env->GetStaticObjectField(
953          WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ThreadGroup,
954          WellKnownClasses::java_lang_ThreadGroup_systemThreadGroup));
955  CHECK(system_thread_group_ != NULL || IsCompiler());
956}
957
958jobject Runtime::GetMainThreadGroup() const {
959  CHECK(main_thread_group_ != NULL || IsCompiler());
960  return main_thread_group_;
961}
962
963jobject Runtime::GetSystemThreadGroup() const {
964  CHECK(system_thread_group_ != NULL || IsCompiler());
965  return system_thread_group_;
966}
967
968jobject Runtime::GetSystemClassLoader() const {
969  CHECK(system_class_loader_ != NULL || IsCompiler());
970  return system_class_loader_;
971}
972
973void Runtime::RegisterRuntimeNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env) {
974#define REGISTER(FN) extern void FN(JNIEnv*); FN(env)
975  // Register Throwable first so that registration of other native methods can throw exceptions
976  REGISTER(register_java_lang_Throwable);
977  REGISTER(register_dalvik_system_DexFile);
978  REGISTER(register_dalvik_system_VMDebug);
979  REGISTER(register_dalvik_system_VMRuntime);
980  REGISTER(register_dalvik_system_VMStack);
981  REGISTER(register_dalvik_system_ZygoteHooks);
982  REGISTER(register_java_lang_Class);
983  REGISTER(register_java_lang_DexCache);
984  REGISTER(register_java_lang_Object);
985  REGISTER(register_java_lang_Runtime);
986  REGISTER(register_java_lang_String);
987  REGISTER(register_java_lang_System);
988  REGISTER(register_java_lang_Thread);
989  REGISTER(register_java_lang_VMClassLoader);
990  REGISTER(register_java_lang_ref_FinalizerReference);
991  REGISTER(register_java_lang_ref_Reference);
992  REGISTER(register_java_lang_reflect_Array);
993  REGISTER(register_java_lang_reflect_Constructor);
994  REGISTER(register_java_lang_reflect_Field);
995  REGISTER(register_java_lang_reflect_Method);
996  REGISTER(register_java_lang_reflect_Proxy);
997  REGISTER(register_java_util_concurrent_atomic_AtomicLong);
998  REGISTER(register_org_apache_harmony_dalvik_ddmc_DdmServer);
999  REGISTER(register_org_apache_harmony_dalvik_ddmc_DdmVmInternal);
1000  REGISTER(register_sun_misc_Unsafe);
1001#undef REGISTER
1002}
1003
1004void Runtime::DumpForSigQuit(std::ostream& os) {
1005  GetClassLinker()->DumpForSigQuit(os);
1006  GetInternTable()->DumpForSigQuit(os);
1007  GetJavaVM()->DumpForSigQuit(os);
1008  GetHeap()->DumpForSigQuit(os);
1009  TrackedAllocators::Dump(os);
1010  os << "\n";
1011
1012  thread_list_->DumpForSigQuit(os);
1013  BaseMutex::DumpAll(os);
1014}
1015
1016void Runtime::DumpLockHolders(std::ostream& os) {
1017  uint64_t mutator_lock_owner = Locks::mutator_lock_->GetExclusiveOwnerTid();
1018  pid_t thread_list_lock_owner = GetThreadList()->GetLockOwner();
1019  pid_t classes_lock_owner = GetClassLinker()->GetClassesLockOwner();
1020  pid_t dex_lock_owner = GetClassLinker()->GetDexLockOwner();
1021  if ((thread_list_lock_owner | classes_lock_owner | dex_lock_owner) != 0) {
1022    os << "Mutator lock exclusive owner tid: " << mutator_lock_owner << "\n"
1023       << "ThreadList lock owner tid: " << thread_list_lock_owner << "\n"
1024       << "ClassLinker classes lock owner tid: " << classes_lock_owner << "\n"
1025       << "ClassLinker dex lock owner tid: " << dex_lock_owner << "\n";
1026  }
1027}
1028
1029void Runtime::SetStatsEnabled(bool new_state) {
1030  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
1031  MutexLock mu(self, *Locks::instrument_entrypoints_lock_);
1032  if (new_state == true) {
1033    GetStats()->Clear(~0);
1034    // TODO: wouldn't it make more sense to clear _all_ threads' stats?
1035    self->GetStats()->Clear(~0);
1036    if (stats_enabled_ != new_state) {
1037      GetInstrumentation()->InstrumentQuickAllocEntryPointsLocked();
1038    }
1039  } else if (stats_enabled_ != new_state) {
1040    GetInstrumentation()->UninstrumentQuickAllocEntryPointsLocked();
1041  }
1042  stats_enabled_ = new_state;
1043}
1044
1045void Runtime::ResetStats(int kinds) {
1046  GetStats()->Clear(kinds & 0xffff);
1047  // TODO: wouldn't it make more sense to clear _all_ threads' stats?
1048  Thread::Current()->GetStats()->Clear(kinds >> 16);
1049}
1050
1051int32_t Runtime::GetStat(int kind) {
1052  RuntimeStats* stats;
1053  if (kind < (1<<16)) {
1054    stats = GetStats();
1055  } else {
1056    stats = Thread::Current()->GetStats();
1057    kind >>= 16;
1058  }
1059  switch (kind) {
1060  case KIND_ALLOCATED_OBJECTS:
1061    return stats->allocated_objects;
1062  case KIND_ALLOCATED_BYTES:
1063    return stats->allocated_bytes;
1064  case KIND_FREED_OBJECTS:
1065    return stats->freed_objects;
1066  case KIND_FREED_BYTES:
1067    return stats->freed_bytes;
1068  case KIND_GC_INVOCATIONS:
1069    return stats->gc_for_alloc_count;
1070  case KIND_CLASS_INIT_COUNT:
1071    return stats->class_init_count;
1072  case KIND_CLASS_INIT_TIME:
1073    // Convert ns to us, reduce to 32 bits.
1074    return static_cast<int>(stats->class_init_time_ns / 1000);
1075  case KIND_EXT_ALLOCATED_OBJECTS:
1076  case KIND_EXT_ALLOCATED_BYTES:
1077  case KIND_EXT_FREED_OBJECTS:
1078  case KIND_EXT_FREED_BYTES:
1079    return 0;  // backward compatibility
1080  default:
1081    LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown statistic " << kind;
1082    return -1;  // unreachable
1083  }
1084}
1085
1086void Runtime::BlockSignals() {
1087  SignalSet signals;
1088  signals.Add(SIGPIPE);
1089  // SIGQUIT is used to dump the runtime's state (including stack traces).
1090  signals.Add(SIGQUIT);
1091  // SIGUSR1 is used to initiate a GC.
1092  signals.Add(SIGUSR1);
1093  signals.Block();
1094}
1095
1096bool Runtime::AttachCurrentThread(const char* thread_name, bool as_daemon, jobject thread_group,
1097                                  bool create_peer) {
1098  return Thread::Attach(thread_name, as_daemon, thread_group, create_peer) != NULL;
1099}
1100
1101void Runtime::DetachCurrentThread() {
1102  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
1103  if (self == NULL) {
1104    LOG(FATAL) << "attempting to detach thread that is not attached";
1105  }
1106  if (self->HasManagedStack()) {
1107    LOG(FATAL) << *Thread::Current() << " attempting to detach while still running code";
1108  }
1109  thread_list_->Unregister(self);
1110}
1111
1112mirror::Throwable* Runtime::GetPreAllocatedOutOfMemoryError() {
1113  mirror::Throwable* oome = pre_allocated_OutOfMemoryError_.Read();
1114  if (oome == nullptr) {
1115    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to return pre-allocated OOME";
1116  }
1117  return oome;
1118}
1119
1120mirror::Throwable* Runtime::GetPreAllocatedNoClassDefFoundError() {
1121  mirror::Throwable* ncdfe = pre_allocated_NoClassDefFoundError_.Read();
1122  if (ncdfe == nullptr) {
1123    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to return pre-allocated NoClassDefFoundError";
1124  }
1125  return ncdfe;
1126}
1127
1128void Runtime::VisitConstantRoots(RootCallback* callback, void* arg) {
1129  // Visit the classes held as static in mirror classes, these can be visited concurrently and only
1130  // need to be visited once per GC since they never change.
1131  mirror::ArtField::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1132  mirror::ArtMethod::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1133  mirror::Class::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1134  mirror::Reference::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1135  mirror::StackTraceElement::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1136  mirror::String::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1137  mirror::Throwable::VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1138  // Visit all the primitive array types classes.
1139  mirror::PrimitiveArray<uint8_t>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);   // BooleanArray
1140  mirror::PrimitiveArray<int8_t>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);    // ByteArray
1141  mirror::PrimitiveArray<uint16_t>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);  // CharArray
1142  mirror::PrimitiveArray<double>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);    // DoubleArray
1143  mirror::PrimitiveArray<float>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);     // FloatArray
1144  mirror::PrimitiveArray<int32_t>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);   // IntArray
1145  mirror::PrimitiveArray<int64_t>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);   // LongArray
1146  mirror::PrimitiveArray<int16_t>::VisitRoots(callback, arg);   // ShortArray
1147}
1148
1149void Runtime::VisitConcurrentRoots(RootCallback* callback, void* arg, VisitRootFlags flags) {
1150  intern_table_->VisitRoots(callback, arg, flags);
1151  class_linker_->VisitRoots(callback, arg, flags);
1152  if ((flags & kVisitRootFlagNewRoots) == 0) {
1153    // Guaranteed to have no new roots in the constant roots.
1154    VisitConstantRoots(callback, arg);
1155  }
1156}
1157
1158void Runtime::VisitNonThreadRoots(RootCallback* callback, void* arg) {
1159  java_vm_->VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1160  if (!sentinel_.IsNull()) {
1161    sentinel_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1162    DCHECK(!sentinel_.IsNull());
1163  }
1164  if (!pre_allocated_OutOfMemoryError_.IsNull()) {
1165    pre_allocated_OutOfMemoryError_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1166    DCHECK(!pre_allocated_OutOfMemoryError_.IsNull());
1167  }
1168  resolution_method_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1169  DCHECK(!resolution_method_.IsNull());
1170  if (!pre_allocated_NoClassDefFoundError_.IsNull()) {
1171    pre_allocated_NoClassDefFoundError_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1172    DCHECK(!pre_allocated_NoClassDefFoundError_.IsNull());
1173  }
1174  if (HasImtConflictMethod()) {
1175    imt_conflict_method_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1176  }
1177  if (!imt_unimplemented_method_.IsNull()) {
1178    imt_unimplemented_method_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1179  }
1180  if (HasDefaultImt()) {
1181    default_imt_.VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1182  }
1183  for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {
1184    if (!callee_save_methods_[i].IsNull()) {
1185      callee_save_methods_[i].VisitRoot(callback, arg, 0, kRootVMInternal);
1186    }
1187  }
1188  verifier::MethodVerifier::VisitStaticRoots(callback, arg);
1189  {
1190    MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), method_verifier_lock_);
1191    for (verifier::MethodVerifier* verifier : method_verifiers_) {
1192      verifier->VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1193    }
1194  }
1195  if (preinitialization_transaction_ != nullptr) {
1196    preinitialization_transaction_->VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1197  }
1198  instrumentation_.VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1199}
1200
1201void Runtime::VisitNonConcurrentRoots(RootCallback* callback, void* arg) {
1202  thread_list_->VisitRoots(callback, arg);
1203  VisitNonThreadRoots(callback, arg);
1204}
1205
1206void Runtime::VisitRoots(RootCallback* callback, void* arg, VisitRootFlags flags) {
1207  VisitNonConcurrentRoots(callback, arg);
1208  VisitConcurrentRoots(callback, arg, flags);
1209}
1210
1211mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::ArtMethod>* Runtime::CreateDefaultImt(ClassLinker* cl) {
1212  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
1213  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
1214  Handle<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::ArtMethod>> imtable(
1215      hs.NewHandle(cl->AllocArtMethodArray(self, 64)));
1216  mirror::ArtMethod* imt_conflict_method = Runtime::Current()->GetImtConflictMethod();
1217  for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(imtable->GetLength()); i++) {
1218    imtable->Set<false>(i, imt_conflict_method);
1219  }
1220  return imtable.Get();
1221}
1222
1223mirror::ArtMethod* Runtime::CreateImtConflictMethod() {
1224  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
1225  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
1226  ClassLinker* class_linker = runtime->GetClassLinker();
1227  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
1228  Handle<mirror::ArtMethod> method(hs.NewHandle(class_linker->AllocArtMethod(self)));
1229  method->SetDeclaringClass(mirror::ArtMethod::GetJavaLangReflectArtMethod());
1230  // TODO: use a special method for imt conflict method saves.
1231  method->SetDexMethodIndex(DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
1232  // When compiling, the code pointer will get set later when the image is loaded.
1233  if (runtime->IsCompiler()) {
1234    method->SetEntryPointFromPortableCompiledCode(nullptr);
1235    method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(nullptr);
1236  } else {
1237    method->SetEntryPointFromPortableCompiledCode(GetPortableImtConflictStub());
1238    method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(GetQuickImtConflictStub());
1239  }
1240  return method.Get();
1241}
1242
1243mirror::ArtMethod* Runtime::CreateResolutionMethod() {
1244  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
1245  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
1246  ClassLinker* class_linker = runtime->GetClassLinker();
1247  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
1248  Handle<mirror::ArtMethod> method(hs.NewHandle(class_linker->AllocArtMethod(self)));
1249  method->SetDeclaringClass(mirror::ArtMethod::GetJavaLangReflectArtMethod());
1250  // TODO: use a special method for resolution method saves
1251  method->SetDexMethodIndex(DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
1252  // When compiling, the code pointer will get set later when the image is loaded.
1253  if (runtime->IsCompiler()) {
1254    method->SetEntryPointFromPortableCompiledCode(nullptr);
1255    method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(nullptr);
1256  } else {
1257    method->SetEntryPointFromPortableCompiledCode(GetPortableResolutionStub());
1258    method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(GetQuickResolutionStub());
1259  }
1260  return method.Get();
1261}
1262
1263mirror::ArtMethod* Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod(CalleeSaveType type) {
1264  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
1265  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
1266  ClassLinker* class_linker = runtime->GetClassLinker();
1267  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
1268  Handle<mirror::ArtMethod> method(hs.NewHandle(class_linker->AllocArtMethod(self)));
1269  method->SetDeclaringClass(mirror::ArtMethod::GetJavaLangReflectArtMethod());
1270  // TODO: use a special method for callee saves
1271  method->SetDexMethodIndex(DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
1272  method->SetEntryPointFromPortableCompiledCode(nullptr);
1273  method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(nullptr);
1274  DCHECK_NE(instruction_set_, kNone);
1275  return method.Get();
1276}
1277
1278void Runtime::DisallowNewSystemWeaks() {
1279  monitor_list_->DisallowNewMonitors();
1280  intern_table_->DisallowNewInterns();
1281  java_vm_->DisallowNewWeakGlobals();
1282}
1283
1284void Runtime::AllowNewSystemWeaks() {
1285  monitor_list_->AllowNewMonitors();
1286  intern_table_->AllowNewInterns();
1287  java_vm_->AllowNewWeakGlobals();
1288}
1289
1290void Runtime::SetInstructionSet(InstructionSet instruction_set) {
1291  instruction_set_ = instruction_set;
1292  if ((instruction_set_ == kThumb2) || (instruction_set_ == kArm)) {
1293    for (int i = 0; i != kLastCalleeSaveType; ++i) {
1294      CalleeSaveType type = static_cast<CalleeSaveType>(i);
1295      callee_save_method_frame_infos_[i] = arm::ArmCalleeSaveMethodFrameInfo(type);
1296    }
1297  } else if (instruction_set_ == kMips) {
1298    for (int i = 0; i != kLastCalleeSaveType; ++i) {
1299      CalleeSaveType type = static_cast<CalleeSaveType>(i);
1300      callee_save_method_frame_infos_[i] = mips::MipsCalleeSaveMethodFrameInfo(type);
1301    }
1302  } else if (instruction_set_ == kX86) {
1303    for (int i = 0; i != kLastCalleeSaveType; ++i) {
1304      CalleeSaveType type = static_cast<CalleeSaveType>(i);
1305      callee_save_method_frame_infos_[i] = x86::X86CalleeSaveMethodFrameInfo(type);
1306    }
1307  } else if (instruction_set_ == kX86_64) {
1308    for (int i = 0; i != kLastCalleeSaveType; ++i) {
1309      CalleeSaveType type = static_cast<CalleeSaveType>(i);
1310      callee_save_method_frame_infos_[i] = x86_64::X86_64CalleeSaveMethodFrameInfo(type);
1311    }
1312  } else if (instruction_set_ == kArm64) {
1313    for (int i = 0; i != kLastCalleeSaveType; ++i) {
1314      CalleeSaveType type = static_cast<CalleeSaveType>(i);
1315      callee_save_method_frame_infos_[i] = arm64::Arm64CalleeSaveMethodFrameInfo(type);
1316    }
1317  } else {
1318    UNIMPLEMENTED(FATAL) << instruction_set_;
1319  }
1320}
1321
1322void Runtime::SetCalleeSaveMethod(mirror::ArtMethod* method, CalleeSaveType type) {
1323  DCHECK_LT(static_cast<int>(type), static_cast<int>(kLastCalleeSaveType));
1324  callee_save_methods_[type] = GcRoot<mirror::ArtMethod>(method);
1325}
1326
1327const std::vector<const DexFile*>& Runtime::GetCompileTimeClassPath(jobject class_loader) {
1328  if (class_loader == NULL) {
1329    return GetClassLinker()->GetBootClassPath();
1330  }
1331  CHECK(UseCompileTimeClassPath());
1332  CompileTimeClassPaths::const_iterator it = compile_time_class_paths_.find(class_loader);
1333  CHECK(it != compile_time_class_paths_.end());
1334  return it->second;
1335}
1336
1337void Runtime::SetCompileTimeClassPath(jobject class_loader,
1338                                      std::vector<const DexFile*>& class_path) {
1339  CHECK(!IsStarted());
1340  use_compile_time_class_path_ = true;
1341  compile_time_class_paths_.Put(class_loader, class_path);
1342}
1343
1344void Runtime::AddMethodVerifier(verifier::MethodVerifier* verifier) {
1345  DCHECK(verifier != nullptr);
1346  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), method_verifier_lock_);
1347  method_verifiers_.insert(verifier);
1348}
1349
1350void Runtime::RemoveMethodVerifier(verifier::MethodVerifier* verifier) {
1351  DCHECK(verifier != nullptr);
1352  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), method_verifier_lock_);
1353  auto it = method_verifiers_.find(verifier);
1354  CHECK(it != method_verifiers_.end());
1355  method_verifiers_.erase(it);
1356}
1357
1358void Runtime::StartProfiler(const char* profile_output_filename) {
1359  profile_output_filename_ = profile_output_filename;
1360  profiler_started_ =
1361    BackgroundMethodSamplingProfiler::Start(profile_output_filename_, profiler_options_);
1362}
1363
1364// Transaction support.
1365void Runtime::EnterTransactionMode(Transaction* transaction) {
1366  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1367  DCHECK(transaction != nullptr);
1368  DCHECK(!IsActiveTransaction());
1369  preinitialization_transaction_ = transaction;
1370}
1371
1372void Runtime::ExitTransactionMode() {
1373  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1374  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1375  preinitialization_transaction_ = nullptr;
1376}
1377
1378void Runtime::RecordWriteFieldBoolean(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1379                                      uint8_t value, bool is_volatile) const {
1380  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1381  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1382  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteFieldBoolean(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1383}
1384
1385void Runtime::RecordWriteFieldByte(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1386                                   int8_t value, bool is_volatile) const {
1387  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1388  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1389  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteFieldByte(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1390}
1391
1392void Runtime::RecordWriteFieldChar(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1393                                   uint16_t value, bool is_volatile) const {
1394  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1395  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1396  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteFieldChar(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1397}
1398
1399void Runtime::RecordWriteFieldShort(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1400                                    int16_t value, bool is_volatile) const {
1401  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1402  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1403  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteFieldShort(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1404}
1405
1406void Runtime::RecordWriteField32(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1407                                 uint32_t value, bool is_volatile) const {
1408  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1409  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1410  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteField32(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1411}
1412
1413void Runtime::RecordWriteField64(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1414                                 uint64_t value, bool is_volatile) const {
1415  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1416  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1417  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteField64(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1418}
1419
1420void Runtime::RecordWriteFieldReference(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset field_offset,
1421                                        mirror::Object* value, bool is_volatile) const {
1422  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1423  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1424  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteFieldReference(obj, field_offset, value, is_volatile);
1425}
1426
1427void Runtime::RecordWriteArray(mirror::Array* array, size_t index, uint64_t value) const {
1428  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1429  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1430  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWriteArray(array, index, value);
1431}
1432
1433void Runtime::RecordStrongStringInsertion(mirror::String* s) const {
1434  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1435  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1436  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordStrongStringInsertion(s);
1437}
1438
1439void Runtime::RecordWeakStringInsertion(mirror::String* s) const {
1440  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1441  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1442  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWeakStringInsertion(s);
1443}
1444
1445void Runtime::RecordStrongStringRemoval(mirror::String* s) const {
1446  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1447  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1448  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordStrongStringRemoval(s);
1449}
1450
1451void Runtime::RecordWeakStringRemoval(mirror::String* s) const {
1452  DCHECK(IsCompiler());
1453  DCHECK(IsActiveTransaction());
1454  preinitialization_transaction_->RecordWeakStringRemoval(s);
1455}
1456
1457void Runtime::SetFaultMessage(const std::string& message) {
1458  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), fault_message_lock_);
1459  fault_message_ = message;
1460}
1461
1462void Runtime::AddCurrentRuntimeFeaturesAsDex2OatArguments(std::vector<std::string>* argv)
1463    const {
1464  if (GetInstrumentation()->InterpretOnly()) {
1465    argv->push_back("--compiler-filter=interpret-only");
1466  }
1467
1468  // Make the dex2oat instruction set match that of the launching runtime. If we have multiple
1469  // architecture support, dex2oat may be compiled as a different instruction-set than that
1470  // currently being executed.
1471  std::string instruction_set("--instruction-set=");
1472  instruction_set += GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA);
1473  argv->push_back(instruction_set);
1474
1475  std::unique_ptr<const InstructionSetFeatures> features(InstructionSetFeatures::FromCppDefines());
1476  std::string feature_string("--instruction-set-features=");
1477  feature_string += features->GetFeatureString();
1478  argv->push_back(feature_string);
1479}
1480
1481void Runtime::UpdateProfilerState(int state) {
1482  VLOG(profiler) << "Profiler state updated to " << state;
1483}
1484}  // namespace art
1485