1<html><head><title>toybox news</title> 2<!--#include file="header.html" --> 3 4<p>Toybox combines common Linux command line utilities together 5into a single BSD-licensed executable that's simple, small, fast, 6reasonably standards-compliant, and powerful enough to turn Android into 7a development environment. See the links on the left for details.</p> 8 9<h2>News</h2> 10 11<a name="02-02-2016" /><a href="#02-02-2016"><hr><h2><b>February 2, 2016</b></h2></a> 12<blockquote><p>"I checked it very thoroughly," said the computer, "and that 13quite definitely is the answer. I think the problem, to be quite honest with 14you, is that you've never actually known what the question is." 15- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 16 17<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.7.0.tar.gz>Toybox 0.7.0</a> 18(<a href=https://github.com/landley/toybox/releases/tag/0.7.0>git commit</a>) 19is out.</p> 20 21<p>The new commands in defconfig are <b>iotop</b>, <b>top</b>, <b>pgrep</b>, 22and <b>pkill</b> 23(most replacing corresponding versions from pending). Added grep -ABC, 24swapon -d (discard), mkswap -L (label) and UUID support, and find -delete. 25Izabera added free -h and unshare -f. Josh Gao implemented tail -f. 26Jose Bollo submitted cp --preserve=context,attr. Kylie McClain added 27mktemp -u.</p> 28 29<p>In pending there's the start of a vi command, and Sameer Pradhan contributed 30a new dhcp6. This cycle saw several rounds of route cleanup and a little dhcp 31cleanup, but neither are complete yet. Lipi Lee did some cleanup to netstat.c 32and Elliott Hughes removed warnings from traceroute.</p> 33 34<p>Lots of updates to ps: several new -o options, -k (--sort) -O and -M, 35improved compatibility with Android's historical behavior, and 36extensive internal code cleanup (including the removal of all 37the magic constants).</p> 38 39<h3><b>Website</b></h3> 40 41<p>Dreamhost restored the <a href="#12-21-2015">missing 11 months</a> 42to the mailing list archive, in the process deleting the month after 43that. Now they've asked if I have mbox files archiving the new 44gap (between December 20, 2015 to January 21, 2016, and presumably they 45could also fill in the gap from December 14, 2014 to January 3, 2015 that's 46been there since the last time they did this), 47but due to some gmail filtering I've 48<a href=http://landley.net/notes-2012.html#15-10-2012>never 49been able to disable</a>, my copy of those files is spread among 3 different 50mbox files I'd have to sort/filter/collate. (It's on the todo list.)</p> 51 52<p>Added a code of conduct to the README (we're 53<a href=https://engineering.twitter.com/opensource/code-of-conduct>borrowing twitter's</a>) because somebody 54made it necessary.</p> 55 56<h3><b>Bugfixes</b></h3> 57<p>Fixed another sed bug where any ] right after [ was skipped (not just the 58first one in the range, so [[] didn't terminate). Fixed sort -f and added test cases. 59Assume 80 columns in "ls -m | cat", ls -L is no longer backwards, 60and ls of files with no paths no longer uses an uninitialized (zero) dirfd. 61Several bugfixes 62to find (Gilad Arnold fixed -perm, Daniel K. Levy fixed "find . -exec echo {}", 63and while we're there I fixed find --prune, made "find . -execdir 64echo {} + -execdir ls {} +" work, and ripped out the environment size 65measuring code that checked for a 128k limit removed back in linux 2.6.22). 66Elliott Hughes fixed the date command's parsing of 4 digit 67years and documented the %s escape, fixed hwclock -u, and pointed out 68that runcon needs to exec to do its job (not recursively call another 69command_main() in the same process). Tom Marshall reported that blkid was 70handling ext2 wrong. Mike Moreton corrected cpio extraction's uid and gid 71values, and added a --no-preserve-owner option. Fixed the SUID permission 72dropping logic (which was a bit over-zealous, preventing some commands from 73running at all).</p> 74 75<p>I'm told that debian-testing broke its libc so the nsenter build breaks, 76but my attempts to install the debian-testing network cd image under 77qemu keep breaking. Maybe someday they'll fix it enough I can actually 78reproduce the problem. (Debootstrap under unbuntu builds an ubuntu-flavored 79chroot in which toybox builds fine.)</p> 80 81<h3><b>Documentation</b></h3> 82<p>Rewrite of the about.html page, tweaks to design.html, and a re-triage of 83sbase in roadmap.html. Update to mkstatus.py to collate multiple span 84tags with the same id, resulting in a larger status.html page (which 85was previously ignoring some commands in the roadmap).</p> 86 87<p>Expanded the defconfig/allyesconfig/allnoconfighelp text in "make help" 88to explain what they're for.</p> 89 90<h3><b>infrastructure</b></h3> 91<ul> 92<li><p>Expanded toys.optargs to 64 bits so a command can have more than 32 options.</p></li> 93<li><p>Added NOEXIT() wrapper to turn xwrap() functions into warning versions 94using the existing longjump(toys.rebound) infrastructure.</p></li> 95<li><p>Renamed dirtree->data to dirfd and stopped storing symlink length 96into it (this fixed a bug where following symlinks to directories 97didn't give a valid directory filehandle, noticeable with ls -Z).</p></li> 98<li><p>New TAGGED_ARRAY() infrastructure generates index and bitmask macros 99for arrays of structures starting with a name string.</p></li> 100<li><p>New lib/linestack.c for utf8 fontmetrics (draw_str() and utf8len() 101and so on), and for tracking multiple lines of text 102(vi, less, shell history) that need wordwrapping and scrolling up/down.</p></li> 103<li><p>Upgrades to lib/interestingtimes.c: scan_key() now has a timeout 104in miliseconds and recognizes more sequences including ANSI 105window size probes. New utf8 test files in tests/files/utf8 including 106sequence reversing, stacked combining chars, and all three types of 107unprintable sequences (low ascii <32 ala ^X, invalid utf8 sequences ala 108<AB><CD>, and invalid unicode code points ala U+1234).</p></li> 109<li><p>More comma handling code in lib.c: comma_args()</p></li> 110<li><p>Added error_msg_raw() to shut up fortify's endless static checking false 111positives.</p></li> 112<li><p>readfileat() can now realloc() in a loop to read long files 113("zcat | insmod" needed it).</p></li> 114</ul> 115 116<h3><b>Roadmap</b></h3> 117<p>We're getting close to having a self-hosting development environment 118using toybox for the command line. The remaining busybox commands in 119<a href=http://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html>Aboriginal Linux</a> are:</p> 120 121<blockquote><p><b> 122awk bunzip2 bzcat bzip2 dd diff expr fdisk ftpd ftpget ftpput gunzip gzip 123less ping route sh sha512sum tar test tr unxz vi wget xzcat zcat 124</b></p></blockquote> 125 126<p>And the remaining non-busybox commands in Aboriginal Linux's build/host 127directory (from the distcc, genext2fs, e2fsprogs, zlib, and squashfs packagesi) 128are:</p> 129 130<blockquote><p><b> 131mke2fs fsck.ext2 resize2fs distcc genext2fs unsquashfs distccd mksquashfs tune2fs 132</b></p></blockquote> 133 134<p>Squashfs and distcc are probably out of scope for toybox, but mke2fs, 135fsck.ext2, resize2fs, genext2fs, and tune2fs should all be added to the 136above "busybox" replacement list.</p> 137 138<p>Remind me to include this countdown in future releases. Once they've all 139been replaced, the next goal is <a href=http://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html#selfhost>building AOSP under itself</a>.</p> 140 141<p>See the full <a href=roadmap.html>roadmap</a> and <a href=status.html>status</a> 142pages for more details.</p> 143 144<a name="12-21-2015" /><a href="#12-21-2015"><hr><h2><b>December 21, 2015</b></h2></a> 145 146<p>Yes, 11 months have gone missing from the mailing list web archive.</p> 147 148<p>Yesterday evening Dreamhost's mailman server went down (timing out trying 149to connect). I poked them about it, they 150<a href=https://twitter.com/landley/status/678781271670149121>blamed 151DNS</a>, I explained that the hang was _after_ the DNS lookup and 152entered the dig info into the trouble ticket showing the IPs the DNS 153queries were returning, they reinstalled the server at that IP from what I 154assume was their most recent backup, and that's how 11 months of messages 155vanished out of the archive.</p> 156 157<p>I've <a href=https://twitter.com/landley/status/679114451975467008>continued to poke them about it</a> but I honestly believe that's the best they 158can do. <a href=http://landley.net/dreamhost.txt>Last time</a> 159this sort of thing <a href=http://landley.net/dreamhost2.txt>happened</a> 160we went back and forth for months, so I added a link to a backup web 161archive (in the nav bar on the left) that isn't controlled by dreamhost, 162and thus doesn't gratuitously lose data on a regular basis. (I note 163the earlier hole in Dreamhost's archive was never fixed either. That 164was data never getting archived, this is a year's worth of data that 165was in the archive until yesterday vanishing after the fact.)</p> 166 167<p>If you're wondering why the <a href=http://lists.landley.net>top level</a> 168list page has been "temporarily disabled" for multiple years now... you'd have 169to ask Dreamhost. I know I have. More than a dozen times.</p> 170 171<a name="03-11-2015" /><a href="#03-11-2015"><hr><h2><b>November 3, 2015</b></h2></a> 172<blockquote><p>"Alright," said Ford. "How would you react if I said that I'm 173not from Guildford after all, but from a small planet somewhere in the vicinity 174of Betelgeuse?" Arthur shrugged in a so-so sort of way. "I don't know," he 175said, taking a pull of beer. "Why - do you think it's the sort of thing you're 176likely to say?" - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 177 178<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.6.1.tar.gz>Toybox 0.6.1</a> 179(<a href=https://github.com/landley/toybox/releases/tag/0.6.1>git commit</a>) 180is out.</p> 181 182<p>We have a new <b>ps</b> command with all the -o fields posix wants (although 183it doesn't accept BSD non-dash option syntax yet), and <b>bunzip2</b> (not just 184bzcat but the proper extract-in-place command). 185Sameer Pradhan added <b>hostid</b> and <b>fsync</b>. 186Elliott Hughes added <b>flock</b>. 187 188<p>The people waiting for <b>human readable number support</b> (du -hH, ls -h, 189and so on) can thank Elliott Hughes for implementing it. (Our output doesn't 190exactly match others' because we our "binary" mode will say 1.0G instead of 1911024M, which is a bug in the other one we didn't emulate.)</p> 192 193<p>The other big news is <b>nommu support</b>, tested on the new 194<a href=http://nommu.org/jcore>jcore</a> processor but presumaby working 195on any nommu system. A few commands don't support nommu yet, but those 196are disabled by dependencies on TOYBOX_FORK in menuconfig when building 197for nommu. The roadmap now has a large section analyzing the uClinux 198project (note that <a href=http://nommu.org>nommu.org</a> is slowly replacing 199<a href=http://uclinux.org>uclinux.org</a> as the standard repository of 200all knowledge and wisdom about nommu. The old site <a href=#12-02-2012>contains 201much that is apocryphal</a>, or at least wildly inaccurate, and the new one 202is trying to improve on that).</p> 203 204<p>Both "make change" and scripts/single.sh (for building standalone commands 205without the multiplexer logic) now use the top level .config 206for toybox global settings such as Linux Security Blanket Module selection, 207(so make defconfig before change now).</p> 208 209<p>Documentation updates to the <a href=code.html>code</a> and 210<a href=roadmap.html>roadmap</a> pages.</p> 211 212<h3>pending</h3> 213 214<p>In the pending directory Sameer Pradhan added tftp, 215and Elliott Hughes sent lsof. Isaac Dunham upgraded mdev, 216reboot, init, login, and modprobe, and fixed a distro-specific build break in 217scripts/mkflags.h. Elliott Hughes and Lipi Lee made netstat -p handle 218command lines longer than 21 characters, and Elliott fixed netstat -e and 219some build warnings. Yeongdeok Suh fixed a warning in dhcpd. 220I started cleanup on pgrep/pkill.</p> 221 222<h3>Command updates, bugfixes, and infrastructure</h3> 223 224<p>The multiplexer's "command not found" error exit is now 127, so now you can't 225distinguish between a command not being found in the multiplexer and 226the multiplexer itself not being found by the shell, because people wanted 227that for some reason.</p> 228 229<p>Elliott Hughes made date reject invalid dates rather 230than set the clock to something weird (setting the clock 100 years into the 231future makes most Linux desktops surprisingly unhappy, and ntpdate won't fix it 232either), fixed several ls -l display issues (user/group field ordering, 233make user/group/lsmcontext left aligned), did the aforementioned 234extensive work on human readable number output, fixed ionice's default 235class, fixed a mv overwrite bug, made df's columns auto-size, added 236--ppid and -Z to ps, and teamed up with Daniel K. Levy to fix 237a segfault in find's handling of -newer -group or -user.</p> 238 239<p>Hyejin Kim added stat -c %T support. Colin Cross worked 240on vmstat fixing 241a header printing bug and calculating the bi and bo columns in the right 242units. Isabella Parakiss reported that sed -e "/x/c\" -e "y" added an extra 243newline and that grep -w '\(x\)\1' didn't work, both now fixed. 244Alistair Strachan fixed several problems with switch_root. Kylie McClain 245pointed out env should be able to clear variables via NAME= syntax. 246Dima Krasner added support for running blkid without a partition (so it shows 247all partitions). Hyejin Kim sent in a bunch of static analysis bug reports.</p> 248 249<p>Isabella Parakiss reported that sed -e "/x/c\" -e "y" added an extra 250newline and that grep -w '\(x\)\1' didn't work, both now fixed. 251Alistair Strachan fixed several problems with switch_root. Kylie McClain 252pointed out env should be able to clear variables via NAME= syntax. 253Dima Krasner added support for running blkid without a partition (so it shows 254all partitions). Hyejin Kim sent in a bunch of static analysis bug reports.</p> 255 256<p>Two large thinko fixes in oneit: -3 was always enabled (which would 257eventually block if the child never read the exiting PID numbers from its file 258descriptor #3 until the pipe filled up), and the signal handlers weren't 259set up right (for requesting semi-graceful halt/poweroff/reboot). 260Calling install without a mode is now 0755, and install -g 0 no longer clashes 261with cp --preserve. Better error message for ls -r on unreadable 262directories, and ls -Z now uses O_PATH (with the /proc/self/fd/%d 263workaround for kernel stupidity as necessary).</p> 264 265<p>Date now understands @unixtime[.fraction] and uses -D for 266the set-side format (matching busybox's extension for this). The seq -f 267string now checks that it's got exactly one %f escape with the correct 268attributes (and a whole bunch of test cases for it). Fixed a bug 269in od that screwed up the position indicator on arm and mips. 270In stat the d/h units moved from %d %D to the default string. 271And patch can now correctly apply hunks with trailing context to the start of 272the file.</p> 273 274<p>The prompt argument moved out of yesno() (the caller can print the prompt 275themselves). Replaced toys.exithelp with help_exit(). Added new 276XVFORK() macro, and xpopen_both() calls /proc/self/exe when passed 277a NULL argv (see cpio -p for example usage). Replaced toys.recurse 278with toys.stacktop so the recurse or re-exec decision is now based 279on bytes of stack space used. Marked a bunch of command-local functions 280static.</p> 281 282<p>New additions to lib/ include strlower(), xconnect(), and the 283aforementioned help_exit(). 284The testsuite now has some infrastructure tests based on "example" 285commands such as toys/examples/test_human_readable.c. 286The login command finally got a long-overdue cleanup (it's one of the 287commands that predate the "pending" directory but were part of the reason 288for it). Hexedit had an 289uninitialized variable (of course gcc didn't spot it, it was too busy 290warning about "may be used uninitialized but never actually is" variables).</p> 291 292<p>Tweaked makefile so 293"make CROSS_COMPILE=prefix-" (as well as "CROSS_COMPILE=prefix- make", 294which still works). Toybox is now installed chmod -w so broken installers 295(like the bunzip2 package's) that try to overwrite existing binaries won't 296knock out the whole of toybox. 297GCC 5.2.0 stopped being able to compile Linux 2.6.12's kconfig, but 298we added a workaround. You can now build uptime without utmpx.h. 299Alejandro Joya pointed out that enabling smack required smack on the host 300as well as target when cross compiling, which is now fixed.</p> 301 302<p>Note: toybox can autodetect nommu support when building with a uClibc 303toolchain such as <a href=http://landley.net/aboriginal/downloads/binaries/old/1.4.3/cross-compiler-sh2eb.tar.gz>the one from Aboriginal Linux</a>, 304but <a href=http://github.com/richfelker/musl-cross-make>with musl-libc</a> 305you'll have to enable CONFIG_TOYBOX_MUSL_NOMMU_IS_BROKEN to work around the 306fact they provide a non-functional fork() implementation that always returns 307-ENOSYS, to prevent you from compile-time probing for nommu support when 308cross-compiling. Unfortunately "preventing you from probing" seems to be 309an explicit policy with musl, they also don't provide an "#ifdef __MUSL__" 310because their library is perfect and you're only ever allowed to work around 311other people's bugs, not theirs. So we have to use menuconfig to manually 312enable musl-specific bug workarounds.</p> 313 314<a name="23-07-2015" /><a href="#23-07-2015"><hr><h2><b>July 23, 2015</b></h2></a> 315<p>I recreated the <a href=downloads/toybox-0.6.0.tar.gz>0.6.0 source tarball</a> 316(new sha1sum 08fb1c23f520c25a15f262a8a95ea5b676a98d54) 317because I forgot to add --prefix to the git archive command when I updated 318my release script from mercurial, so the files weren't in an enclosing 319directory. (Ooops.)</p> 320 321<a name="19-07-2015" /><a href="#19-07-2015"><hr><h2><b>July 19, 2015</b></h2></a> 322<blockquote><p> 323The reason why it was published in the form of a micro sub meson electronic 324component is that if it were printed in normal book form, an interstellar 325hitchhiker would require several inconveniently large buildings to carry it 326around in." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy </p></blockquote> 327 328<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.6.0.tar.gz>Toybox 0.6.0</a> 329(<a href=https://github.com/landley/toybox/releases/tag/0.6.0>git commit</a>) 330is out. (Yes, git. See the <a href=#05-04-2015>previous news entry</a>.)</p> 331 332<p>Sorry for the unusually long gap between releases. Since last release Ye 333Olde Project Maintainer traveled to japan twice and had two more "once 334a century" floods at home. (Probably a coincidence.) Still catching up.</p> 335 336<h3><b>CELF/ELC talk and Wikipedia[citation needed] article</b></h3> 337 338<p>I gave another State Of The Toybox talk 339(<a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04XwAbtPmAg>video</a> 340<a href=http://landley.net/talks/celf-2015.txt>outline</a>), in which I 341repeat my <a href=http://landley.net/notes-2013.html#07-11-2013>perennial</a> 342<a href=https://twitter.com/landley/status/557309224535851009>complaint</a> 343that Wikipedia[citation needed] 344<a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toybox>still</a> 345<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox#Controversy_over_Toybox>says</a> 346toybox was relicensed before its hiatus, when relicensing was why 347the hiatus ended.</p> 348 349<p>Since Wikipedia[citation needed] seems unable to do the 350<a href=#15-11-2011>most</a> 351<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/log/tip/LICENSE>basic</a> 352<a href=http://landley.net/notes-2011.html#13-11-2011>research</a> on 353this point, and has stuck to an incorrect sequence of events for years, 354I've been gradually escalating my attempts to correct them. Toybox 355came out of mothballs in November 2011 <b>because</b> it could be 356relicensed. That's what opened up a new niche busybox wasn't already 357filling with a 10 year headstart.</p> 358 359<a name="asterisk_back" /> 360<p>The article has plenty of smaller issues<a href=#asterisk>*</a>, but 361given that I gave an entire talk at Ohio LinuxFest in 2013 362(<a href=http://landley.net/talks/ohio-2013.txt>outline</a>, 363<a href=https://archive.org/download/OhioLinuxfest2013/24-Rob_Landley-The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Copyleft.mp3>audio</a>) on why I switched away from GPL for 364my projects, that one bugs me.</p> 365 366<h3><b>New stuff this release</b></h3> 367 368<p>There's a new android menu in menuconfig, and rather a lot of Linux 369Security Module support (Smack for Tizen from Xavier Roche and José Bollo, 370and SELinux for Android from Elliott Hughes; see 371the Security Blanket menu under global settings in menuconfig) has 372trickled in, although there's still more to come.</p> 373 374<p><b>New commands:</b> Added reset, nproc, ionice, and iorenice. 375Elliott Hughes contributed xxd, runcon, 376restorecon, load_policy, getenforce, setenforce, getprop, and setprop. 377Promoted shred, nsenter, and hwclock.</p> 378 379<p>You can once again build catv now the flag infrastructure's been updated to 380let it coexist with cat -v. 381And on a long plane flight I wrote 382hexedit, an interactive hex editor that implements the start of 383cursor control infrastructure (for eventual use by less and vi and shell 384command history and so on).</p> 385 386<p><b>New options:</b> Added sed -E as a BSD-compatible synonym for -r. 387Upgraded oneit with -r (restart), -3 (send exiting PID values to child), 388and signal handling. Added -v option to timeout, -m to mknod, -u to shred, 389-t to dmesg, and -123 to head and tail. Added implicit "." to grep -r without 390any files to work on. Hyejin Kim requested prefix support for truncate -s. 391Greg Hackman added -inum to find. 392Jan Cybulski added the smack side of ls -Z support. Various patches also 393added -Z to mkdir, mknod, and mkfifo. 394Basic cp --preserve support went in, but not yet the xattr/LSM parts.</p> 395 396<p>The toybox command now has a --version option, 397which uses "git describe" if available.</p> 398 399<p><b>Build infrastructure:</b> 400The "make change" target now saves the output of each failed standalone 401command build in a .bad file, and "make defconfig" is quieter now.</p> 402 403<p>Paul Barker submitted a large patch changing command install paths so 404"toybox can be installed alongside busybox without confusing 405update-alternatives". (There's some argument over 406what the right paths should be, and I'm waiting for 407people to tell me what else needs fixing because I have no idea. I've 408been symlinking /bin to /usr/bin since 2002 409<a href=http://landley.net/writing/hackermonthly-issue022-pg33.pdf>for 410historical reasons</a>.)</p> 411 412<p><b>Docs:</b> The repository link now goes to github, with another link 413to the commit rss feed.</p> 414 415<p>Elliott Hughes updated the Android section of the roadmap 416(and he would know). Redid bits of scripts/mkstatus.py to make updating 417status.html easier, and the README is larger.</p> 418 419<p>More description of option parsing in code.html, which now describes the 420FLAG_x macros, switching flag macro sets with FOR_newcommand, how 421configuration zeroes flag macros and using FORCE_FLAGS to suppress the 422zeroing of options shared between commands. Also added description of ";" 423to make --longopts take an optional =value part, and more about TOYBOX_DEBUG 424to check NEWTOY() option strings (otherwise a bad option string makes 425lib/args.c obviously segfault, but doesn't explain why).</p> 426 427<p>Added a "Why 0BSD?" section to license.html when submitting zero clause bsd 428to SPDX (according to the pending license spreadsheet, it's been approved for 429SPDX 2.2).</p> 430 431<p>The old list of commands needing cleanup but not in pending was 432removed from toys/pending/README and instead the issues were added 433as TODO comments in the individual commands.</p> 434 435<p><b>Bugfixes:</b> 436Fixed mount -a segfaulting without -O (reported by Janus Troelsen), 437and made it try a "become rw" ioctl() on the block device before falling 438back to mounting read only (because Android expects that). 439Fixed printf -- and printf ---. Lots of tweaks to ls -l spacing with 440different options. Make touch -d and -t actually set time when you don't 441specify nanoseconds. 442Fixed a subtle bug where recursive calls (toybox commands that run other 443toybox commands) weren't resetting all their state. (This manifested as 444a "no }" error from "find | xargs sed", but could cause other problems.) 445And David Halls reported another sed bug trying to compile libiconv (which 446left extra \ at the start of lines in a generated shell script, breaking 447the build). Output an error message for "cat /mnt".</p> 448 449<p>Kylie McClain reported that mktemp broke when $TMPDIR was set to an empty 450string (which is not the same as unset), that install/find didn't support 451numeric uid/gids, and that sort -z affects both input and output. 452Isabella Parakiss fixed a printf.c bug. 453David Halls fixed bugs in install -D and find -exec. Samuel Holland 454fixed unshare -r. Hyejin Kim fixed makedevs with a count of 1, fold -w 455range checking, an error path in scripts/mkflags.c, added -i to dhcpd, 456and stopped su from prompting the root user for the new user's password. 457Jan Cybulski spotted wrong indentation when combining ls -s and -i with -C and 458-x. José Bollo fixed stat %G. Sameer Pradhan fixed a bug in mkfifo -Z.</p> 459 460<p>Elliott Hughes asked for a default SIGPIPE handler to disable 461the signal handler bionic's dynamic loader installs (yes really). Still not 462100% sure what the correct behavior is there. (Posix is 463(<a href=http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.standards.posix.austin.general/10915>actively unhelpful</a>, but at least they're taking 464<a href=http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=789#c1976>years to 465make up their mind</a>. Elliott also sent patches to fix a typo in 466useradd.test, add missing arguments to error_exit() calls and clean up 467printf() format strings, fix an off by one error in human_readable(), 468fix dmesg -c error reporting, fix a segfault in comma_scan where the option 469was the last item in optlist (triggered by mount -o ro,remount), fix 470hwclock -w, made ifconfig print lowercase MAC addresses (it was bothering 471him), and make terminal_size() read the right environment variable 472(LINES, not ROWS). And he suggested the test suite notice high command exit 473values (corresponding to segfault or other signals).</p> 474 475<p>People are apparently using toys/pending commands, despite the police tape 476and flashing lights, so added louder warnings to toys/pending/README. 477Elliott Hughes fixed various problems with tar, dd, more, and top. 478Hyejin Kim cleaned up syslogd and dumpleases. Isaac Dunham added hotplug 479support to mdev. Yeongdeok Suh added RFC-3315 ipv6 support to dhcpd.</p> 480 481<p>I rewrote ps.c from scratch (in pending), but it's not ready for real use 482yet.</p> 483 484<p><b>Portability:</b> 485On the portability front Bernhard Rosenkranzer fixed a problem where the 486menuconfig code wouldn't compile in C99 mode. (This led to me documenting 487the craptacular nature of kconfig in a README, and the plan to replace it 488sometime before 1.0.) Some extra flags to shut up overzealous llvm warnings 489were added (and have to be probed for because gcc complains about 490arguments it doesn't recognize even when they switch stuff _off_ using 491a standard syntax). Don't depend on malloc(0) to return non-null in ls. 492David Halls fixed some mac/ios portability issues, 493implying somebody's built at least part of toybox on a mac.</p> 494 495<p>Added basename_r() to lib/lib.c because the posix semantics for basename() 496are stupid but what the gnu guys did to it was appalling. 497Turns out bionic already had a basename_r(), but posix still doesn't. 498Fixed it up in portability.h, but this 499could break more stuff in future. (Correct fix is to lobby posix to add it, 500which would probably take about 15 years...)</p> 501 502<p><b>Infrastructure:</b> 503The build now checks $LDFLAGS for linker-only flags, and allows the strip 504command to fail (binflt toolchains provide a strip that doesn't work). 505Since time.c uses floating point, added TOYBOX_FLOAT dependency in config.</p> 506 507<p>There's a lib/lsm.h defining varous inline functions for linux 508security modules stuff, if (lsm_enabled()) should turn into a compile-time 509constant 0 and let code drop out when TOYBOX_LSM_NONE selected, but 510testing against CFG_TOYBOX_LSM_NONE or derived symbols is still useful 511becuase when it _is_ enabled the probe turns into a system call you 512don't want to repeat too much.</p> 513 514<p>Switched a bunch of commands from signal() to xsignal(). Factored out 515xgetgrnamid() and xgetpwnamid() into xwrap.c. Make time.c depend on 516TOYBOX_FLOAT (since it always uses float so shouldn't be available on 517build targets without even software float). Added readfileat() to lib/lib.c.</p> 518 519<p>The dirtree infrastructure now passes in full flags for the old symlink 520field, and the new DIRTREE_SHUTUP flag disables warnings if a file vanishes 521out from under you during traverse. New dirtree_start() wrapper to 522create dirtree root with only two arguments.</p> 523 524<p>The not-curses infrastructure introduced by hexedit mostly moved to 525lib/interestingtimes.c.</p> 526 527<a name="asterisk" /> 528<a href="#asterisk_back" />Asterisk:</a> such when 529Tim contacted me (my blog says a couple days before nov 13, 2011, I.E. 53011/11/11 not some specific day 2 months later) to ask if I wanted to work 531on a new project he was proposing called 532<a href=http://www.elinux.org/Busybox_replacement_project>BentoBox</a> 533(because I used to do busybox, he'd forgotten toybox existed 534until I brought it up). And don't ask me what "focuses not on compatibility 535with its GNU counterparts" means when CP_MORE adds 7 non-posix options 536and toys/other has 84 commands in neither posix nor LSB. I think they're 537struggling to explain the difference having dismissed "licensing" as being 538the reason it started up again after a long hiatus? The reason I don't think 539GNU is special is there are a half-dozen other independent 540implementations of the same unix command tools out there (AT&T, 541BSD, Coherent, Minix, plan 9, busybox, toybox, and several more analyzed in 542the <a href=roadmap.html>roadmap</a>, and that's ignoring the implementations 543written for DOS or in assembly over the years). But I do care what 544Linux From Scratch expects, and if it's 545<a href=http://archive.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs-museum/7.6/LFS-BOOK-7.6-NOCHUNKS.html#ch-tools-gcc-pass1>calling mv -v</a> 546then I impelement mv -v 547even if <a href=http://landley.net/toybox/roadmap.html>posix hasn't got 548it</a>. And I don't know why "gnu counterparts" would describe this when 549util-linux isn't a gnu package, nor are info-zip, e2fsprogs, kmod, less, 550procps, shadow, sysklogd, vim, zlib, sudo, dhcpcd...</p> 551 552<a name="05-04-2015" /><a href="#05-04-2015"><hr><h2><b>April 5, 2015</b></h2></a> 553<p>Since <a href=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/toybox/>android</a> and 554<a href=https://git.tizen.org/cgit/platform/upstream/toybox.git>tizen</a> 555and <a href=https://github.com/kraj/meta-musl/tree/master/recipes-core/toybox>openembedded</a> 556and <a href=https://packages.gentoo.org/package/sys-apps/toybox>gentoo</a> 557and so on have all been using Georgi Chorbadzhiyski's git mirror rather 558than the mercurial repository, I bit the bullet and switched the project's repo 559<a href=https://github.com/landley/toybox>to git</a>. Georgi's 560<a href=https://github.com/gfto/toybox>mirror</a> is now pulling from that.</p> 561 562<a name="25-02-2015" /><a href="#25-02-2015"><hr><h2><b>February 25, 2015</b></h2></a> 563<blockquote><p>"A common mistake that people make when trying to design 564something completely foolproof is to underestimate the ingenuity of 565complete fools."</p><p>- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 566 567<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.5.2.tar.gz>Toybox 0.5.2</a> 568(<a href=/hg/toybox/shortlog/1702>commit 1702</a>) is out.</p> 569 570<p>New promoted commands: sed (finally fixed enough it builds Linux From 571Scratch), printf (cleaned up and promoted), shred and 572base64 (the Tizen guys wanted them), getenforce, setenforce, and chcon (android), 573mix (promoted with fixes from Isaac Dunham), nsenter (from 574Andy Lutomirski, merged into unshare).</p> 575 576<p>Elliott Hughes submited a bunch of patches to support Android (to 577both toybox and Bionic libc, which he maintains). On toybox's end this 578involved a lot of fixups to portability.[ch] and fixes to over a dozen 579commands, plus several new ones. Other portability fixes included working 580with buildroot's uclibc fork and building for nommu targets.</p> 581 582<p>The new "make change" target builds each toybox command as a standalone 583binary. Rather a lot of commands that didn't build by themselves (mv depending 584on cp and so on) were hit with a large rock until they built standalone. 585This involved rewriting bits of option parsing, more elaborate dependency 586generation, making each command have its own config 587symbol and main() function (even when it's just a wrapper calling another 588command's main()), and so on. Also, some commands can't be built standalone 589at a conceptual level: "help" describes other enabled commands and "sh" 590has a number of bulitin commands (cd, exit, set) that require the 591multiplexer infrastructure, so "make change" filters them out.</p> 592 593<p>The mailing list's web archive is still screwed up. Dreamhost has 594been trying to fix it since approximately September. There are 595<a href=http://www.mail-archive.com/toybox@lists.landley.net/>two</a> 596<a href=http://news.gmane.org/gmane.linux.toybox>other</a> less broken 597archives, but neither has quite the same UI as mailman.</p> 598 599<h3>Bugfixes and tweaks</h3> 600 601<p>Cynt Rynt sent in tests for ifconfig, 602Robert Thompson taught factor to accept whitespace separated arguments, 603Hyejin Kim pointed out that some of mktemp's longopts were attached to 604the wrong short options, 605Luis Felipe Strano Moraes fixed a wrong free() call in bootchartd in pending. 606Patches from Ashwini Sharma to make "df /dev/node" work, prevent du from 607looping endlessly following symlinks, and to make expr.c 608(in pending) understand == and regex matches. (Speaking of expr, it gets 609priority groupings wrong but the bug was actually in the posix spec's 610HTML conversion. They fixed the posix spec upstream for us. Still need 611to fix the expr code, but it's in pending for a reason...)</p> 612 613<p>Some commands grew new option flags, such as cp --remove-destination 614and touch -h.</p> 615 616<p>The parallel build has better error reporting now. When toybox needs to 617re-exec itself to regain suid root permissions and hasn't got the suid bit, 618it now gives the right error message ("not root" instead of "no such command"). 619 620<p>Added a test to "mount" to not mount the same device/directory combination 621over itself (the OS catches this for block devices, but not for tmpfs). 622Make blkid distinguish ext3 from ext4. Added catv back into cat (because 623the Android guys wanted it, and they have historical usage on their side, 624so...). Handle nanoseconds in touch.</p> 625 626<p>Fixed a segfault when CP_MORE was disabled (the resulting option flag list 627no longer defined -d but still had it in option groups at the end). 628Workaround for glibc redefining dirname() and basename() to random non-posix 629semantics because gnu. (They could have created dirname_r() but didn't want 630to.)</p> 631 632<p>Fix an ifconfig test that was preventing assigning an ipv4 address to 633interface aliases. Several cleanup passes on hwclock but not quite 634promoted out of pending yet.<p> 635 636<p>Fixed a wrong error message in rm (if you had a chmod 000 directory and 637did rm -r on it without -f, after the prompt it would complain it was a 638directory, which was not the problem).</p> 639 640<p>The gzip compression code now does "store only" output to stdout, for 641what that's worth.</p> 642 643<p>Cleanup mountpoint and expand, and remove them from toys/pending/README 644(a list of commands that predate the toys/pending directory but needed 645another pass).</p> 646 647<h3>Library and infrastructure:</h3> 648 649<p>Reworked the option parsing infrastructure so more commands build 650standalone (via scripts/single.sh or "make change"). The option flag bit 651values are no longer packed, it leaves spaces where currently disabled 652flags go, and you can #define FORCE_FLAGS so disabled flags aren't zeroed. 653This allows multiple commands to more easily share infrastructure, even if 654your current flag context is for a disabled command (switched off in config), 655you can force them to stay on and as long as the flags read the same right 656to left they'll have the same values.</p> 657 658<p>We've started removing use of strncpy() because it's a hugely broken 659standard C function: the length is the maximum length to _append_, not 660the size of the destination buffer. It memsets the remaining space it didn't 661copy ala "memset(dest+strlen(dest), 0, len);" so 662if you think len is the size of dest you're guaranteed to stomp memory off the 663end). And if it runs out of space it won't null terminate because reasons. 664(Meanwhile sprintf("%*s", len, str) is counting wide characters in your current 665locale, so if you set a locale other than "C" it will also go past your 666allocated buffer size. Whoever is maintining the C library standards is really 667bad at strings.) 668Instead we have xstrncat() which will error_exit() if src+dest+1 doesn't 669fit in the buffer. (Because randomly truncating input data isn't necessarily 670an improvement.) And there's always xmprintf().</p> 671 672<p>Similarly, strtol() doesn't return an error indicator on overflow, 673you have to clear and then check errno. So new xstrtol() that cares 674about overflow.</p> 675 676<p>The bionic and musl guys agree faccessat(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) is not 677supported, so stop using it.</p> 678 679<p>Fixed toy_exec() to detect when argc is in optargs, so we don't 680need a separate xexec_optargs().</p> 681 682<a name="18-02-2015" /><a href="#18-02-2015"><hr><h2><b>February 18, 2015</b></h2></a> 683<p>Dreamhost continues to be unable to make mailing list archives work, so 684here's <a href=http://www.mail-archive.com/toybox@lists.landley.net/>another 685list archive</a> with a less awkward interface than gmane.</p> 686 687<p>(Neither gives you the convenient historical monthly views of mailman, 688but I still have hopes dreamhost will someday figure out what they're doing 689wrong. They've only been trying since October. Last month they did a 690<a href=http://www.dreamhoststatus.com/2015/01/14/discussion-list-hardware-maintenance/>hardware upgrade to fix a software problem</a>, and the stale 691data loads much faster now, so that's something.)</p> 692 693<p>Update (Feb 19): the archive started updating again, by discarding 694all the pending data. So there are now _two_ giant holes in Dreamhost's 695web archive, from Dec 15-Jan 3, and then another hole from Jan 16-Feb 18. 696The relevant messages are in both of the other archives. Here's hoping 697the chronic archive constipation problem won't happen a sixth time.</p> 698 699<a name="30-12-2014" /><a href="#30-12-2014"><hr><h2><b>December 30, 2014</b></h2></a> 700<p>Due to Dreamhost's <a href=http://landley.net/dreamhost.txt>ongoing</a> 701<a href=http://landley.net/dreamhost2.txt>inability</a> to make mailman 702work reliably, I've added a link to a backup web archive at 703<a href=http://news.gmane.org/gmane.linux.toybox>gmane</a> to the nav bar 704on the left.</p> 705 706<p>You still subscribe to the list through 707<a href=http://lists.landley.net/listinfo.cgi/toybox-landley.net>the first link</a>.</p> 708 709<p>Update (January 27, 2015): they're <a href=https://twitter.com/landley/status/558428839462703104>still working on it</a>.</p> 710 711<a name="19-11-2014" /><a href="#19-11-2014"><hr><h2><b>November 19, 2014</b></h2></a> 712 713<blockquote><p>"This time it was right, it would work, and no one would have to get nailed to anything." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 714 715<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.5.1.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.5.1</a> 716(<a href=/hg/toybox/shortlog/1566>commit 1566</a>) is out.</p> 717 718<p>It's an interim release, mostly bugfixes. There are several new commands, 719but they're all in pending.</p> 720 721<h3>Development</h3> 722 723<p>Finally implemented sed, which is still in pending because although 724it's feature complete according to posix, and even passes the parts of 725Busybox's sed test suite that aren't explicitly testing for gnu bugs we 726don't want to copy, it's not yet good enough to build Linux From Scratch. 727(The /configure stages use very long sed scripts. 20 commits worth of 728implementation and debugging, just under 1000 lines of code, and there's 729still more to do. We're definitely up to some of the "fiddly" commands now. 730Did you know "echo hello | sed p - -" segfaults gnu sed in Ubuntu 12.04? 731Yeah...)</p> 732 733<p>Talked with the Tizen developers to follow up on their desire to 734make toybox a part of the base Tizen system, and got a list of commands 735to add to the roadmap. The tizen todo list is:</p> 736 737<blockquote><p> 738wget, sha256*, gzip, gunzip, bunzip2, rsync, zdiff*, 739less, ar, arch, base64, csplit, dir, fmt, join, 740nproc, shred, shuf, stdbuf, stty, test, tr, unexpand, 741users, vdir, diff3, sdiff, dosfsck (fsck.vfat), awk, fdisk 742</p></blockquote> 743 744<p>(Most of which was already on the todo list, but it helps prioritize.)</p> 745 746<p>Fixed md5sum and sha1sum on big endian systems (reported by James McMechan). 747Andy Lutomirski fixed unshare's help text and option parsing, 748and submitted nsenter (a tool to use setns(2)) to pending. 749Isaac Dunham implemented acpi -ctV options, and spotted the bug that ls -d 750was inappropraitely following command line symlinks without -H or -L (it 751should act like ls -l does), and ls -F handles symlinks wrong too. 752Lukasz Szpakowski sent in two bugfixes to tail.c. Cynt Rynt spotted an 753unnecessary assignment in lib/password.c.</p> 754 755<p>Ashwini Sharma's team was as busy as usual, submitting tr, crontab, and 756ipcrm, and hwclock to pending, more features to the pending ip.c, and a 757pile of bugfixes (to chgrp, killall, ifconfig, insmod, 758losetup, comm, cp, id, xwrap, netcat, modprobe, nohup...) mostly found by 759static analysis. (These fixes are mostly to seldom-used codepaths like the 760TOYBOX_FREE config option, but test coverage is always appreciated.) Ashwini 761also suggested upgrading ln -f to leave the original target alone if link 762creation fails, and reported that mv -f and -i weren't implemented (now fixed).</p> 763 764<p>New config option: TOYBOX_NORECURSE prevents xexec() from making internal 765function calls (for nommu systems with a finite stack).</p> 766 767<p>The "toybox" multiplexer command no longer adds a trailing space to each 768line of command names, so things like "/toybox | tr ' \n' '|'" to create 769a grep pattern snippet are easier to do. (Why you'd want to is your business, 770but the output is tidier now.)</p> 771 772<h3>Infrastructure</h3> 773 774<p>Isaac Dunham added Android support to portability.h, including compile 775probes for functions missing from bionic-libc, and annotated the commands that 776use those functions. We haven't really tested building against bionic, 777but in theory it's possible now.</p> 778 779<p>Running the test suite now color codes the PASS/SKIP/FAIL notifications 780if output is to a tty. (And in case you missed it last time, VERBOSE=fail 781to stop at the first failure is really useful.)</p> 782 783<p>In loopfiles_rw() use O_CLOEXEC instead of O_RDONLY to request the loop 784function close filehandles for us. (Otherwise the callback function must 785close each supplied filehandle itself.)</p> 786 787<p>The printf-style escape parsing ("\n" and friends) got factored out into 788a new unescape() function.</p> 789 790<a name="02-10-2014" /><a href="#02-10-2014"><hr><h2><b>October 2, 2014</b></h2></a> 791<blockquote><p>"There is an art, it says, or rather, a knack to flying. 792The knack lies in learning how to throw yourself at the ground and miss... 793Clearly, it is this second part, the missing, which presents the 794difficulties." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.<p></blockquote> 795 796<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.5.0.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.5.0</a> 797(<a href=/hg/toybox/shortlog/1512>commit 1512</a>) is out.</p> 798 799<h3>New commands</h3> 800 801<p>The new commands are find, install, factor, and mount. Promoted commands 802(cleaned up and moved out of "pending") are lspci, inotifyd, and blockdev.</p> 803 804<p>cp now implements -HL and -F to force delete of pending files, cpio now 805ignores -m and implements -p, ls -C now has utf8 support (using wcwidth 806instead of strlen), and umount got a number of upgrades involving 807looking things up in /proc/mounts. Other minor cleanups happend to 808cut, touch, free, and id.</p> 809 810<p>In pending: Bradley Controy submitted mix (adjusts OSS sound volume). Ashwini 811Sharma submitted diff, userdel, blockdev, ipcs, and crond, upgraded 812fdisk, fsck, and ftpget, and ran a static analyzer on a lot of other code. 813Partial cleanup was done to useradd, userdel, groupadd, and groupdel.</p> 814 815<h3>Build infrastructure</h3> 816 817<p><b>Parallel builds</b></p> 818 819<p>The build now takes advantage of SMP, autodetecting the number of 820processors. (Export the environment variable CPUS to pick a specific number.) 821Other build changes: split out $LDOPTIMIZE because old compilers complain 822about linker options passed with -c, and the entire "generated" directory now 823gets deleted by clean (the README that was in there got merged into code.html).</p> 824 825<p><b>Standalone builds</b></p> 826 827<p>The standalone build infrastructure (scripts/single.sh) got upgraded to 828build more commands as standalone executables. In make.sh the source file 829selection uses a regex to find the source files with the NEWTOY/OLDTOY macro 830for the command. It enables each command's 831sub-options (so CP has CP_MORE), enables I18N and FLOAT support to build 832full-featured commands, and includes --help text (at least when 833the command doesn't use another command's help). The OLDTOY() macro 834now produces (redundant) function prototypes so you can build an OLDTOY 835without the NEWTOY</p> 836 837<p>It doesn't quite have complete coverage yet, the defconfig entries that 838aren't building standalone yet are:</p> 839 840<blockquote><p>chown, egrep, fgrep, fstype, halt, mv, nc, poweroff, unix2dos, 841whoami</p></blockquote> 842 843<p>The main reason for standalone build failures is NEWTOY() or OLDTOY() 844entries that don't have their own config symbol. Another problem is entries 845that depend on another entry in kconfig, usually because common infrastructure 846is using one command's flags (which the other commands copy): if that command 847is disabled, the FLAG macros become 0 so dead code elimination can remove the 848code. It's <a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/rev/1503>possible 849to untangle</a> this, but a bit awkward. (It boils down to conflicting 850design goals in the two contexts.)</p> 851 852<p>Standalone builds are used by the test suite when testing individual 853commands. 854 855<p><b>Snapshot builds</b></p> 856 857<p>A new addition to the "generated" directory is generated/build.sh 858containing a single compiler command line to build toybox in its current 859configuration. Combined with the generated/*.{h,sh} files from an 860exisiting build, this may let you build on a new system that hasn't quite 861got enough OS bits working to run a full configureand make.</p> 862 863<h3>Internals</h3> 864 865<p>Library code: xcreate/xopen now O_CLOEXEC by default to avoid leaking 866filehandles to child processes. DIRTREE_COMEAGAIN's second callback is now 867done with the directory filehandle still open (new dir->again variable added 868to distinguish first from second callback, and requesting DIRTREE_RECURSE now 869requires passing in the specific macro value, not just a true/false). 870Use daemon() out of libc instead of hand-rolled daemonize() in various 871pending commands. string_to_mode() now passes through type bits so you can 872use it to more easily modify a file's existing mode. 873Split xpopen() into xpopen_both(), xopen(), and xrun() depending on whether 874we want to redirect both, one, or neither of stdin/stdout.</p> 875 876<p>Bugfixes: Better error message when TOYBOX_SUID option can't drop priviliges 877(which happens when you suid something _other_ than root). 878The old pending version of nbd_client.c wasn't deleted when the 879command was promoted (and the build would break if both were enabled), 880toy_exec() sometimes needs to re-exec from $PATH rather than recurse 881internally (to gain dropped root permissions or limit stack depth), 882always call setlocale() when I18N is enabled to switch it back _off_ when 883we run commands that expect sscanf("%n") to return bytes, 884dirtree() had a memory leak in an error path, patch.c had some bugs in 885error paths (didn't report problem clearly). Ashwini Sharma spotted an 886option parsing bug where [-abc] would forget _all_ command line arguments 887saved in the GLOBALS() block (not just the ones for options being switched 888off), plus various minor fixes to nbd_client and cpio. 889Lukasz Szpakowski fixed rm -f on a broken symlink (failed), and killall 890with no arguments (segfaulted).</p> 891 892<p><b>Portability</b></p> 893 894<p>A somewhat fiddly fix to rm -rf (which needs to chmod directories to u+rwx 895to descend into them) which hit a musl bug in faccessat() which the musl 896maintainer refuses to fix. (He literally wants the man page changed 897instead, despite other libcs working.) Added an #ifdef __MUSL__ section 898to portability.h with a workaround, you may need CFLAGS=-D__MUSL__ in your 899build if your musl build's features.h doesn't #define that. (I may do 900a different workaround in future, but sometimes you've just got to make 901it work so you can ship. Also, toybox grep with multiple patterns 902requires <a href=http://landley.net/hg/aboriginal/rev/1692>a patch 903to musl's regex engine</a>, which applies to 1.1.4 but not to the current 904musl source control.)</p> 905 906<p>More portability.h fixes for uClibc too. (I don't expect that to ever have 907another release, so locally patching around posix-2008 violations is silly).</p> 908 909<p><b>Change to username filtering</b></p> 910 911<p>Posix recommends the username creation logic filter usernames to a small 912allowed set of characters (which even Red Hat breaks by explicitly allowing 913"$" at the end), but this prevents UTF-8 usernames. Posix' stated logic 914is to allow filesystems to create the user's home directory, but Linux 915filesystems can accept any character but NUL and "/". The only characters 916we actually _need_ to filter out are ":" (field separator in passwd), 917newline (line separator in passwd), and "/" (directory separator in 918filesystem).</p> 919 920<h3>Documentation</h3> 921 922<p>Web pages updated: cleanup.html documents more cleanup, code.html 923documents more code, and about.html now capitalizes "toybox" consistently 924(it's just a word, capitalize at start of sentence).</p> 925 926<p>The pending/README file now lists commands that needed review/cleanup 927before the pending directory was added.</p> 928 929<h3>Test Suite</h3> 930 931<p>Moved out of scripts/test into top level "tests" directory, and the 932testing.sh script is now in scripts rather than mixed into the *.test files.</p> 933 934<p>Johan Bergström requested VERBOSE=fail to make tests (telling it to 935stop at the first failure), and spotted a build bug where using gnu 936sort on the host broke in non-C locales.</p> 937 938<p>Divya Kothari submitted tests for chmod, link, tar, bzcat, xzcat, zcat, 939and hostname. (And more, but that's all that's merged so far.)</p> 940 941<a name="07-07-2014" /><a href="#07-07-2014"><hr><h2><b>July 7, 2014</b></h2></a> 942<blockquote><p>"This planet has - or rather had - a problem, which was this: 943most of the people living on it were unhappy for pretty much of the time. Many 944solutions were suggested for this problem, but most of these were largely 945concerned with the movement of small green pieces of paper, which was odd 946because on the whole it wasn't the small green pieces of paper that were 947unhappy." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 948 949<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.9.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.9</a> (<a href=/hg/toybox/shortlog/1385>commit 1385</a>) is out.</p> 950 951<p><b>New commands</b> added to pending include: 952lsattr, chattr, inotifyd, rfkill, sulogin, strings, makedevs, 953killall5, and tar from Ashwini Sharma, arp from Kyungwan Han, 954sysctl by Bilal Qureshi, partprobe from Bertold Van den Bergh, 955host from Rich felker, and I did nbd-client and the first 2/3 of mount.</p> 956 957<p>Finished cleanups (commands promoted out of pending): 958sysctl, rfkill, strings, mkpasswd, makedevs, partprobe, killall5, 959fallocate, and nbd-client.</p> 960 961<p>(Along the way partial cleanups got made to: last, fold, lspci, ps, 962bootchartd, init, fsck, telnetd, telnet, vconfig, toysh, iconv, useradd, 963login, host, openvt, deallocvt, getty, tftpd, and modprobe. But there's 964still more to do on all of those.)</p> 965 966<p>This time around the <a href=bin>static binaries</a> are linked against 967musl instead of uClibc. (That's why there's no sparc version, musl doesn't 968support that target yet.)</p> 969 970<p><b>Documentation:</b></p> 971 972<p>The help text parser expects lower case "usage:" lines with 973a blank line after them, so go through and regularize those. Expand the 974"coding style" section in the docs and move it to design.html. (Not a show 975stopper for incoming 976contributions, just an explanation of some of the things I'll do to them 977during cleanup.) The help text for the "toybox" command now includes 978the shell script snippet to install symlinks to the toybox binary.</p> 979 980<p>The <a href=cleanup.html>cleanup page</a> now has descriptions for the 981full ifconfig cleanup series, among others.</p> 982 983<p>The new toys/examples directory contains hello.c and skeleton.c. The first is 984a simple hello world program in toybox style, the second is a much more 985elaborate example program using showing how to use the command line option 986parsing and how to provide multiple commands in the same C file.</p> 987 988<p><b>Fixes</b>:</p> 989 990<p>Fix od bug reported by Samuel Holland ("od -v -b" was appending the default 991output type even though an output type was specified). Ashwini Sharma reported 992bugs where readfile() was incorrectly freeing its buffer, and where toy_init() 993was zeroing the wrong data because the field it was using to measure (rebound) 994had moved (when I moved it back I added a comment why the field needs to be 995there), fixed a segfault in the dhcp client, and made a 0 length read at 996the start of password entry count as EOF. Make the "we are not root" test 997in the init code show the help text. Posix implies that fflush() can return 998success even when the stream's error bit is set, so call both fflush() and 999ferror() from xprintf().</p> 1000 1001<p>Isaac Dunham pointed out that bloatcheck couldn't deal with diff 1002implementations that only implement "unified diff" format, and that some 1003diff implementations can't handle nonseekable input (I.E. reading from 1004a pipe). Bugfix so "help -a" works again. Option parsing on nohup now stops 1005at first nonoption argument. Fix segfault in "which" if PATH wasn't set, 1006which was actually a bug in lib function find_in_path(). Made rm -rf of 1007chmod 000 directories actually remove them.</p> 1008 1009<p>The build now passes the same $CFLAGS to the library probe as the final 1010build, because arch linux is so broken it provides different sets of 1011libraries for static and dynamic linking.</p> 1012 1013<p>It turns out sprintf("%.123s", str) is counting characters, not bytes, 1014so globally enabling locale support opens stack smashing vulnerabilities. 1015So there's a new TOYFLAGS_LOCALE you set in toyflags when you want the 1016setup code to setlocale().</p> 1017 1018<p><b>Upgrades:</b></p> 1019 1020<p>Isaac Dunham extended cpio to archive unreadable empty files, and I taught it 1021to set uid/gid and timestamp when extracting archives. Isaac also 1022added tests for cpio, link, and du, added lspci -i, made the pci database 1023parsing skip # comment lines, merged logname and whoami into id.</p> 1024 1025<p>Daniel Verkamp sped up md5sum about 30% with some loop unrolling, making 1026it actually smaller in the process. I added -b flags to md5sum and sha1sum 1027for "brief" output that's just the hash with no filename. (I'm aware other 1028implementations use that for MSDOS "binary" mode, and don't care.)</p> 1029 1030<p>When building standalone commands (scripts/singleconfig.sh commandname), 1031the build now switches on all the sub-options of the command so we get 1032a standalone version with all the bells and whistles enabled.</p> 1033 1034<p>Add -ds flags to date and document +FORMAT escapes. Add the shell NOP 1035command ":" as an alias for true (for toysh).</p> 1036 1037<p>Add uClibc probe for iconv() and fallocate. (The fact it didn't always 1038build against uClibc is why fallocate wasn't enabled in defconfig before.)</p> 1039 1040<p>The umount command now does an losetup -d on the device by default, so 1041we don't leak loopback devices. Bugfix to losetup so "losetup /dev/loop0 1042filename" actually works again.</p> 1043 1044<p>Divya Kothari sent in test suite entries for ls, ln, rm, mv, printf, dd, 1045and renice. Then a second round for lsattr/chattr, mount, chmod, pgrep/pkill, 1046groupadd, groupdel, and useradd. Several of these uncovered bugs, still 1047working to fix them.</p> 1048 1049<p>There are now free() functions for the predefined llist types and a 1050dlist_terminate() function to break doubly linked lists. The new 1051generic_signal() handler either sets "toys.signal" or writes a byte 1052to toys.signalfd with the signal number if signalfd isn't -1 (which it's 1053initialized to in toy_init).</p> 1054 1055<p>The option parsing logic can now detect when a double fits in a long and 1056use the more precise type for floating point arguments (the FLOAT macro 1057contains the type used). The human_readable() function now just outputs 1058decimal kilo/mega/gigabytes (so when du -u says 5.0G it means 5.0 billion 1059bytes). The build infrastructure now notices duplicate commands (so if you 1060cp toys/pending/command.c toys/other/command.c and forget to delete the 1061first one, the build break is now more informative).</p> 1062 1063<a name="20-04-2014" /><a href="#20-04-2014"><hr><h2><b>April 20, 2014</b></h2></a> 1064<blockquote><p>And to this end they built themselves a stupendous supercomputer 1065which was so amazingly intelligent that even before the data banks 1066had been connected up it had started from "I think therefore I am" and got as 1067far as the existence of rice pudding and income tax before anyone managed to 1068turn it off. - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1069 1070<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.8.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.8</a> is based on 1071<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/1262>commit 1262</a>. And 1072about time too.</p> 1073 1074<p>The big news is that the build no longer needs python to generate help.h, 1075that's now done in C. The help text generation is also collating help text 1076from multiple options, merging command line option blocks and usage: lines. 1077There's even a new <a href=help.html>help web page</a>.</p> 1078 1079<p><b>New commands:</b> Ifconfig, cpio, and su were cleaned up the rest of the 1080way and promoted out of pending. That saga is mostly explained on the 1081<a href=cleanup.html>cleanup page</a>. Vivek Bhagat's freeramdisk, 1082Isaac Dunham's fsfreeze, and Felix Janda's iconv are also new.</p> 1083 1084<p><b>In pending:</b> 1085Ashwini Sharma's team submitted tcpsvd, udpsvd, telnet, telnetd, last, more, 1086groupdel/delgroup, arping, brctl, ftpget, ftpput, printf, reset, and added 1087ipv6 support to traceroute. Kyungwan Han's team submitted modprobe and getty. 1088Vivek Bhagat submitted openvt and deacllocvt. Samuel Holland submitted fold. 1089I wrote a new inflate (zip/zlib/gzip decompression) implementation in 1090compress.c, and still need to do a corresponding deflate (compression-side) 1091and plug them into gzip and zip and so on. (Right now it does zcat.)</p> 1092 1093<p>Several commands (vmstat, login, du, vconfig, mountpoint, free, chroot, 1094cut, touch, modinfo, expand) predate the "pending" directory, and are thus 1095in other directories but still need cleanup. Of these, vmstat got some 1096work this time (which would be much easier other vmstat implementations 1097documented what their output actually meant).</p> 1098 1099<p><b>Upgrades:</b> Ifconfig grew /prefix netmask support (ala 1.2.3.4/24). Grep now has -zZ to 1100handle null terminated data, cksum grew -H for hex output. Upgraded od so the 1101fields align better when producing multiple output types. Help has -a and -h 1102options (all commands, html output). 1103Bugfix to blkid building for a 32 bit target. The date command can actually 1104set dates now. The O_NOFOLLOW compile time probe didn't work with cross 1105compiling, so it's back to an #ifdef test in portability.h. Nathan McSween 1106sent in a bugfix to od and a portability fix in the common library code. 1107Ashwini Sharma spotted a bug in pidof -o, and added verbose (-v) options 1108to mkdir and ln, and suggested killall should have an -s option and 1109allow -l to take zero arguments. Ashwini Sharma and Felix Janda upgraded 1110tftpd. Fixed dumpleases still using toynet.h after 1111that was removed. Corrected killall return code and error reporting. 1112Isacc Dunham fixed bugs all over the tree, did cleanup on a bunch of 1113pending commands (getty, ftpget, init, openvt, modprobe...), and clarified 1114find's help text. Tom Sparrow ran three different static analyzers on 1115the code, which resulted in a few cleanups. The peek()/poke() functions 1116now use "volatile" to prevent broken compiler "optimizations" to do with 1117aliasing.</p> 1118 1119<p><b>Build stuff:</b> Each FOR_xxxx macro now has a complementary CLEANUP_xxxx macro, so you 1120can put multiple commands with different command line options in the same 1121.c file, so they can share infrastructure outside of lib. (This let the 1122bunzip logic move out of lib into bzcat.c.) See XXX for example. 1123i 1124<p>The headers #included in toys.h are now grouped by standard, and headers 1125not listed in Posix or LSB were moved to portability.h. The old xregcomp.h 1126was folded into lib.h because it's posix (and supporting oddball uClibc 1127configurations isn't as important as it once was).</p> 1128 1129<p>Regression tested against Ubuntu 8.04 to fix up bit-rot in defconfig 1130build on older systems. (We depend on Posix-2008, but not necessarily 1131the absolute latest build environment.)</p> 1132 1133<p><b>In lib</b>: lib/xwrap.c added xgetpwnam(), xchroot(), and lib/lib.c now has names_to_pid(). 1134xsetuid() was replaced with xsetuser() which takes a struct passwd 1135and sets both gid and uid, mkpathat() got factored out into a library command, 1136get_int_value() became atolx_range(), and 1137xmsprintf() is now just xmprintf(). The bunzip2 logic moved from lib into 1138bzcat.c.</p> 1139 1140<p><b>Documentation</b>: new <a href=help.html>help page</a> with the 1141help text for all the defconfig commands, using the new help -ah output. 1142The <a href=code.html>source code walkthrough</a> now says more about 1143#including header files, and how the generated/* directory works. The 1144<a href=design.html>design page</a> has some new paragraphs about trading 1145of different kinds of simplicity, and why comments aren't a substitute for 1146good code. The README no longer trails off into obvious unfinished confusion 1147at the end. Each page on the website should now have its own title.</p> 1148 1149<a name="18-11-2013" /><a href="#18-11-2013"><hr><h2><b>November 18, 2013</b></h2></a> 1150<blockquote><p>"Space," it says, "is big. Really big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mindbogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the street to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space." - 1151The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1152 1153<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.7.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.7</a> is based on 1154<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/1122>commit 1122</a>.</p> 1155 1156<p>New commands: Brad Conroy submitted blkid. Elie De Brauwer submitted 1157reboot, halt, and poweroff. Strake's nl got cleaned up and promoted from 1158pending to posix. In addition, the existing chvt and vconfig got some 1159cleanup.</p> 1160 1161<p>That said, I haven't nearly kept up with the flood of new commands going 1162into pending: Ashwini Sharma's team submitted 1163dd, dumpleases, traceroute, top, useradd, groupadd, mkpasswd, tftpd, and 1164an fsck wrapper (with no filesystem drivers yet). Isaac Dunham sent in cpio.</p> 1165 1166<p>Bugfixes: Jeroen van Rijn added a user count to uptime. Elie De Brauwer 1167added -e to watch, removed a memory leak, and fixed a terminal size problem. 1168William Haddon made xargs call its command line once even with blank input 1169(the standard is vague, but builds expect it), and fixed an off by one bug 1170where grep didn't malloc enough space with -E (leading to a segfault). 1171I fixed a glitch in bunzip2 (same one as went into busybox since they're using 1172the code I wrote), in od to fix -t co, -J, and -c options. Add uname -o as a 1173synonym for -s. Build fix to never use $CC without prefixing it with 1174$CROSS_COMPILE (since $HOSTCC could be different). Anca Emanuel spotted 1175a typo in the web page.</p> 1176 1177<p>The compile-time command line option parsing got rewritten (ported from 1178bash to C), which should speed up builds a bit and allow code controlled by 1179--longopts to drop out properly when disabled in the configuration. Terminal 1180querying got refactored. Patch's -x option is now more informative (a 1181debug thing if you're trying to figure out why a patch didn't apply). 1182The "toynet.h" file got folded into toys.h since musl supports it and 1183micromanging uClibc options isn't very interesting anymore. The test suite 1184now uses scripts/single.sh when testing a single command.</p> 1185 1186<a name="17-09-2013" /><a href="#17-09-2013"><hr><h2><b>September 17, 2013</b></h2></a> 1187<blockquote><p>"Think of a number," said the computer, "any number." 1188Arthur told the computer the telephone number of King's Cross railway 1189station passenger inquiries, on the grounds that it must have some function, 1190and this might turn out to be it. - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</p> 1191</blockquote> 1192 1193<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.6.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.6</a> is based on 1194<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/1068>commit 1068</a>.</p> 1195 1196<p>This release adds 1197several new commands: Felix Janda wrote paste and fallocate, Kyungwan Han 1198submitted eject, Strake contributed grep, Ashwini Sharma added pmap (and 1199a testsuite entry for grep), Lukasz Skalski sent pwdx, Isaac Dunham posted 1200acpi, and I did timeout and umount.</p> 1201 1202<p>The ls command now has a --color=auto option (suggested by Rich Felker). 1203The multiplexer now has a --help option so you can say "/toybox --help blah" 1204instead of using the built-in "help" command. (Which is a shell built-in. 1205Try it on your command line, it's like man for shell builtins. But a certain 1206other project has conditioned people to expect --help, so...) I forget who 1207heehooman at gmail is but they pointed out unshare needed PID and UID 1208namespace support.</p> 1209 1210<h3>Pending</h3> 1211 1212<p>A lot of new commands in toys/pending, to the point the next release should 1213probably just focus on cleanup and review of this backlog. We've got klogd, 1214dhcp, dhcpd, watch, route, and ps from 1215Ashwini Sharma (and an fsck wrapper but no fsck.fstype engines yet), 1216syslogd, pgrep, and pkill from Madhur Verma, netstat by Ranjan Kumar, 1217test by Felix Janda, lspci by Isaac Dunham, nl, su, and renice by strake (I.E. 1218M. Farkas-Dyck), and sysvinit by Kyungwan Han.</p> 1219 1220<p>Some cleanup work on existing pending commands that aren't 1221ready to promote yet: I did a few more rounds on ifconfig 1222and Isaac Dunham's did several cleanups to xzcat, Felix Janda cleaned up 1223logger and syslogd...</p> 1224 1225<p>Also some cleanup work on commands that predate the pending directory, 1226but weren't quite polished when they went in, most prominently du, 1227expand, and touch.</p> 1228 1229<h3>Infrastructure</h3> 1230 1231<p>The new scripts/single.sh builds a standalone command without the 1232multiplexer, although not all commands can be built that way yet (NEWTOY yes, 1233OLDTOY no) and the space savings aren't anything to write home about. (If a 1234command needs the option parsing logic at all, it needs all of it.) If 1235you're curious, you can do:</p> 1236 1237<blockquote><pre> 1238make defconfig 1239make 1240mkdir singles 1241for i in $(/toybox) 1242do 1243 echo $i 1244 PREFIX=singles/ scripts/single.sh $i || break 1245done 1246</pre> 1247<p>(And then wait a long time and watch almost half the builds fail.)</p> 1248</blockquote> 1249 1250<p>There is now libbuf analogous to toybuf, another global 4k buffer this 1251time for use by lib/ code instead of command code.</p> 1252 1253<p>The lib directory got split up a bit, lib/pending.c contains functions 1254not yet used by anything outside of toys/pending/*, and lib/xwrap.c contains 1255functions that wrap other functions and handle failures (via error_exit). 1256This leaves lib/lib.c containing actual new functions.</p> 1257 1258<p>General improvements and bug fixes to argument parsing. The [-abc] exclude 1259logic should now clear arguments slots when disabling options. Bare --longopts 1260should work now and be able to report errors using their name, the new ; 1261option allows optional arguments to longopts only suppliable with = (I.E. 1262--color and --color=auto but not --color auto).</p> 1263 1264<p>I'm gradually weaning the code off of itoa()/utoa() because sprintf 1265does this already. In this case "simple" probably means "let libc do it 1266for us".</p> 1267 1268<p>Rewrote for_each_pid_with_name_in() and renamed it to just names_to_pid(). 1269It shouldn't get confused trying to compare absolute and relative paths quite 1270so much anymore.</p> 1271 1272<p>lib/llist.c grew a new dlist_pop() function for removing a doubly 1273linked list entry while maintaining a circular list; tail and patch are 1274using it now.</p> 1275 1276<p>The musl guys suggested a new optimization flag 1277(-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables) 1278that shaves about 10% off the binary size by removing a C++ism that crept 1279into gcc's idea of C. While I don't normally try to micromanage the compiler, 1280"-fstop-being-stupid" is a thing you have to hit gcc with from time to time.</p> 1281 1282<h3>Bugfixes</h3> 1283 1284<p>Felix Janda and I did a largeish rewrite of tail to 1285finally make it work right (we think). Still need to implement tail -f 1286someday (the tricky bit is making -f follow multiple files at once). 1287Felix also reported a bug in xpidfile.</p> 1288 1289<p>Juhani Haverinen pointed out that 1290python 3 doesn't work with config2help.py, so the detection logic looks 1291for python2 (until I get around to rewriting that in C). Elie De Brauwer 1292then fixed our first attempt at this, and also fixed uname's help string.</p> 1293 1294<p>Ashwini Sharma 1295pointed out the build was making a FLAG_ macro for " " which broke some 1296configurations. (That's a control character, not a command line option.)</p> 1297 1298<p>Jacek Bukarewicz pointed out a bug in chdir permission handling, and 1299a way to make env segfault. Both should be fixed now.</p> 1300 1301<p>The new function xexec_optargs() 1302replaces calls to xexec(toys.optargs) to avoid freeing and reusing optargs 1303during option parsing screwing stuff up (such as netcat's exec mode).</p> 1304 1305<p>The stat command's %a output was padded with leading zeroes, which 1306didn't match anybody else's behavior and thus made the test suite hiccup 1307between TEST_HOST and testing toybox. (If you go "TEST_HOST=1 scripts/test.sh 1308command" it sanity checks the tests against the host implementation.)</p> 1309 1310<p>Last release, "mkdir sub/sub && chmod 007 sub/sub && rm -rf sub" didn't 1311delete sub and didn't exit with an error either. Neither was correct, rm 1312should now be fixed.</p> 1313 1314<p> 1315<a name="26-07-2013" /><a href="#26-07-2013"><hr><h2><b>July 26, 2013</b></h2></a> 1316<p>Georgi Chorbadzhiyski maintains a <a href=https://github.com/gfto/toybox>git 1317mirror</a> of the repository on github, automatically updated from the 1318mercurial every 6 hours. The mirror is read only, but you can generate patches 1319against it and post them to the list.</p> 1320 1321<a name="02-07-2013" /><a href="#02-07-2013"><hr><h2><b>July 2, 2013</b></h2></a> 1322<blockquote><p>"Time is an illusion. Lunchtime doubly so." "Very deep. You 1323should send that in to the Reader's Digest. They've got a page for people 1324like you." - 1325The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1326 1327<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.5.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.5</a> is based on 1328<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/941>commit 941</a>. It adds 1329uuencode and uudecode from Erich Plondke, and enables Luis Morales' "who" by 1330default. Felix Janda and I cleaned up last year's "stat" submission and 1331enabled it. Ivo van Poorten added "groups". 1332Andre Renaud added "lsusb". I implemented "split", "pivot_root", and "mv". 1333</p> 1334 1335<p>The "help" command is implemented differently now (lib/help.c) and 1336each command can now understand --help (including both "toybox --help" 1337and "toybox --help command" in the multiplexer).</p> 1338 1339<p>The "pending" directory has several commands (find, xzcat, nbd-client, 1340logger, expr) which work but are not enabled by default pending further cleanup. 1341Ifconfig is enabled, but still in pending because it's only 2/3 cleaned up. 1342(It's an awkward halfway state but I'm not holding up the release for it.)</p> 1343 1344<p>I'm <a href=cleanup.html>documenting the cleanups</a> to teach 1345more people to do it, but the writeups aren't caught up yet. The 1346<a href=roadmap.html>roadmap</a> also got updated a bit with further analysis 1347of other projects, and the README and about pages got updated.</p> 1348 1349<p>Fixed _another_ "ls -C" segfault when terminal size can't be detected, 1350condensed the ls help text to fit on one page, implented --color, and taught 1351-l to print the major, minor numbers when showing block/char devices. 1352Argument parsing now handles "--" properly (to end option checking), 1353and the infrastructure can now handle bare --longopts that have no 1354corresponding short option (both were implemented before but didn't work). 1355Fixed an old bug in "patch", chmod grew -f, who grew -a. Isaac Dunham 1356fixed "-" vs "_" handling in modinfo, added a "firmware" output 1357field, added -b and -k support, and taught it that the ".ko" extension means 1358to look for the file at the specified path instead of under /lib. Felix Janda 1359moved file permission display code to lib so ls and 1360stat could share it. Ashwini Sharma spotted a bug in xabspath when the 1361last path component exists but we haven't got permissions to open it 1362(ala readlink -f /dev/sda as a normal user). 1363</p> 1364 1365<p>In the build infrastructure, scripts/findglobals.sh finds leaked global 1366variables. (Leaked means they aren't part of the global union: Other than glibc 1367debris, toybox should define "this", "toy_list", "toybuf", and "toys", and 1368that's it; the rest add memory footprint to every command for the benefit of 1369just one command; use GLOBALS() to stick 'em in the union.) Static linking 1370against libraries other than the host's libc now applies to feature probes 1371for unshare and such. Neuter stupid internationalization support that makes 1372various host "sort" commands put things in an order other than alphabetical 1373(breaking the multiplexer's binary search on command names). 1374 1375<p>You should now be able to build from a source control snapshot on a build 1376system that hasn't got python: if you disable CONFIG_TOYBOX_HELP. (The 1377release tarballs ship generated/help.h, but it's not in source control. 1378Eventually I should rewrite that python script in C.)</p> 1379</p> 1380 1381<p><b>LICENSE TWEAK</b>: After <a href=http://lists.landley.net/pipermail/toybox-landley.net/2013-March/000794.html>discussion</a> on the mailing list the "2 clause 1382BSD" <a href=license.html>license</a> got slightly simplified so the first 1383paragraph now says:</p> 1384 1385<blockquote><p>Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this 1386software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.</p></blockquote> 1387 1388<p>It used to continue "provided that the above copyright notice and this 1389permission notice appear in all copies", but A) what's the point? B) does "all 1390copies" mean binaries, or just source code, or what? C) lots of projects 1391that consider BSD and GPL compatible have <a href=https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/crypto/aes_generic.c>files with 1392both license notices</a> on them (sometimes at <a href=http://git.busybox.net/busybox/tree/shell/ash.c>opposite ends of the file</a> to make the conflict 1393less obvious) because "all copies must include this function" would violate 1394the GPL but "all copies must include this magic text blob" somehow don't?</p> 1395 1396<p>I don't want to have to care about this anymore. The tweaked version is more 1397or less public domain with a liability disclaimer, but we're still calling it 1398BSD (sometimes "0 clause BSD") to avoid explaining.</p> 1399 1400<a name="21-03-2013" /><a href="#21-03-2013"><hr><h2><b>March 21, 2013</b></h2></a> 1401<p>Video of my ELC talk 1402"<a href=http://youtu.be/SGmtP5Lg_t0>Why is Toybox?</a>" 1403is up on youtube. Related materials include the 1404<a href=http://landley.net/talks/celf-2013.txt>talk outline</a> and an 1405<a href=/aboriginal/about.html#selfhost>android self-hosting writeup</a>.</p> 1406 1407<p>[Updated June 4] The following links jump to specific topics in the video. (Sorry about 1408the ads, it's The Linux Foundation.)</p> 1409 1410<ul> 1411<li>0m29s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=0m29s>The smartphone is replacing the PC</a></li> 1412 <ul> 1413 <li>4m22s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=4m22s>Software needed to become self-hosting</a></li> 1414 <li>6m20s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=6m20s>Do we care if android or iphone wins?</a></li> 1415 </ul> 1416<li>9m45s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=9m45s>Android not vanilla: oppose or accept?</a></li> 1417 <ul> 1418 <li>11m30s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=11m30s>Open source can't do User Interfaces</a></li> 1419 </ul> 1420<li>15m09s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=15m09s>Android is not copyleft: oppose or accept?</a></li> 1421<li>18m23s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=18m23s>Security issues</a></li> 1422<li>21m15s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=21m15s>Solutions to the software problems</a></li> 1423 <ul> 1424 <li>22m55s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=22m55s>What toybox needs to be/do</a></li> 1425 <li>28m17s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=28m17s>What is toybox?</a></li> 1426 <ul> 1427 <li>28m58s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=28m58s>Why toybox started...</a></li> 1428 <li>37m50s <a href=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGmtP5Lg_t0#t=37m50s>What does toybox actually implement?</a></li> 1429 </ul> 1430 </ul> 1431</ul> 1432</span> 1433 1434 1435<a name="14-03-2013" /><a href="#14-03-2013"><hr><h2><b>March 14, 2013</b></h2></a> 1436<blockquote><p>"Ford, you're turning into a penguin. Stop it." - 1437The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1438 1439<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.4.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.4</a> is based on 1440<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/813>commit 813</a>, adding 1441the "time" and "readahead" commands, plus some bugfixes.</p> 1442 1443<p>The "cp" command now implements the -s symlink option, plus bugfixes 1444getting various corner cases right as used in actual package builds. 1445"id -Gn root" should now print root's groups 1446instead of the current user's. Several build fixes so toybox builds under 1447Ubuntu 8.04 again (which is about as old a build environment as you 1448can expect to find posix-2008 features in).</p> 1449 1450<p>Unfinished commands have generally been moved to "toys/pending". 1451Everything else should "default y" to participate in make defconfig. 1452Several of those pending commands got some basic cleanup so allyesconfig 1453should at least compile (although defconfig is still what's useful).</p> 1454 1455<p>Significant roadmap updates, checking several other multicall binaries 1456(klibc, sash, sbase, s6...) to see what commands they include.</p> 1457 1458<a name="18-01-2013" /><a href="#18-01-2013"><hr><h2><b>January 18, 2013</b></h2></a> 1459<blockquote><p>This must be Thursday. I never could get the hang of Thursdays. - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1460 1461<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.3.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.3</a> is based on 1462<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/793>commit 793</a>. There 1463are now exactly 100 commands in defconfig (of a little over 220 on the 1464<a href=roadmap.html>todo list</a>).</p> 1465 1466<p>Elie De Brauwer added the rev command, cleaned up tac, implemented the -s 1467and -f flags for seq, added -v and -i to killall (and fixed killall not to 1468kill itself before finishing its pid list), and added to the test suite. 1469Felix Janda added -m to mkdir, pwd -L and -P, and more test suite entries.</p> 1470 1471<p>Rob Landley added the losetup command, and fixed the existing ls, cp, and 1472readlink commands. The segfault in ls 1473happened when it couldn't determine the screen size (last release changed the 1474default to -C and a screen size of 0 made column view unhappy), and cp got an 1475extensive rewrite bringing it up to date with the dirtree changes and fixing 1476a number of things it never did right in the first place. The xabspath() 1477code in the library now handles a symlink after ".." properly (and the test 1478suite checks for it).</p> 1479 1480<p>Infrastructure-wise the code is better about automatically setting the 1481error return code properly. Now error_msg() sets the exit code to 1 if it's 1482still defaulting to 0, and the global exit path does a fflush(NULL) with error 1483bit check rather than trying to be quite so granular about flushing. (That 1484means if we use printf() instead of xprintf() it still exits with the right 1485error code, it just doesn't end the program early on an output error.) 1486Minor bugfix so TOYBOX_DEBUG 1487doesn't always warn about the lack of suid bit when toybox is built with 1488at least one STAYROOT command. Bugfix for the option [grouping] logic 1489(and then further fixes to the error reporting pointed out by Ashwini Sharma). 1490dirtree_handle_callback() now has a prefix like the rest of the dirtree 1491functions. A lot of stuff doing manual path handling was switched to using 1492libc basename() (including, embarassingly, the basename command), which means 1493it now correctly detects "/trailing/slash/" which the previous code didn't.</p> 1494 1495<p>Also, last release included some accidentally checked in debug code that 1496disabled compiler optimization, so the binary size bloated a bit. It's back 1497to -Os by default now.</p> 1498 1499<a name="15-12-2012" /><a href="#15-12-2012"><hr><h2><b>December 15, 2012</b></h2></a> 1500<blockquote><p>"The major difference between a thing that might go wrong and a 1501thing that cannot possibly go wrong is that when a thing that cannot possibly 1502go wrong goes wrong it usually turns out to be impossible to get at or repair." 1503</p><p>- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1504 1505<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.2.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.2</a> is based on 1506<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/749>commit 749</a> and is 1507just a resync. Linux 3.7 came out, meaning it's time to do an Aboriginal 1508Linux release, and that should use a stable version of toybox. So here's 1509a new stable version.</p> 1510 1511<p>The new commands are cut (from Jason Kyungwan Han), touch 1512(from Choubey Ji), expand (from Jonathan Clairembault, and he fixed a 1513bug in login), and rm (from Rob Landley). Felix Janda added UTF-8 1514support infrastructure (for non-ascii character sets) with a config option. 1515Elie De Brauwer added tests for cat and sha1sum, and -so options to pidof. 1516The "ls" command defaults to -C (column view) now, and "readlink" now supports 1517-fenq.</p> 1518 1519<p>Portability work: toybox should now build against the musl C library, 1520and against older glibc versions (circa 2008, much before that and kernel 1521features we depend on start to drop out).</p> 1522 1523<p>The whole codebase got reindented from "one tab" to "two spaces" per 1524level. The option parsing logic now understands [groups] of commands (when more 1525than one in a group is selected it can switch the others off, or error out, 1526or other things). The error_exit() infrastructure can now longjmp back to an 1527earlier point instead of exiting. Each toys/* directory now has a README, 1528the first line of which is the fancy name menuconfig uses for the directory 1529(so no more hardwired directory list in scripts/genconfig.sh).</p> 1530 1531<p>Fixed a filehandle leak in getmountlist(). 1532Pass parent pointer to dirtree_add_node() so it can give error messages with 1533full path. The yesno() function now always reads from stdin and writes to 1534stderr (we can retry tty checking complexity once we've got commands needing 1535it).</p> 1536 1537<p>The open group broke their website so the 1538<a href=http://opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799>old links</a> to POSIX 2008 1539now <a href=http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799>need to start with 1540pubs</a>. Some of the links in the tree have been updated, others haven't while 1541I wait to see if their webmaster notices and fixes it.</p> 1542 1543<p>(I note that the current rm implementation is not technically posix compliant 1544because the standard requires infinite recursion depth and the current 1545implementation uses one filehandle per level. I can add a config option 1546to do it Posix's way, which is more brittle and needs extra security checks, 1547but am waiting for somebody to complain first. The default "ulimit -n" is 1024 1548filehandles, so drilling down over 1000 nested subdirectories).</p> 1549 1550<a name="13-11-2012" /><a href="#13-11-2012"><hr><h2><b>November 13, 2012</b></h2></a> 1551<blockquote><p>"Rule Six: The winning team shall be the first team that wins." 1552- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1553 1554<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.1.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.1</a> is based on 1555<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/691>commit 691</a>.</p> 1556 1557<p>Elie De Brauwer contributed usleep, Ashwini Kumar contributed du, and 1558Kyungwan Han contributed vconfig. Other new commands include switch_root and 1559md5sum, and the remaining shell wrappers are now proper commands (dos2unix, 1560unix2dos).</p> 1561 1562<p>The patch command now supports -l, and gethostname is now enabled by 1563default. The df command follows symlinks to get the actual device name. 1564Felix Janda added -m support to wc (for utf8).</p> 1565 1566<p>On the infrastructure side, the commands have now been grouped into 1567"posix", "lsb", and "other" subdirectories (for things required by Posix-2008, 1568the Linux Standard Base 4.1, and commands in neither). This affects menuconfig 1569and the actual source layout (toys/cp.c is now toys/posix/cp.c, and so on). 1570An android directory is planned (see the updated 1571<a href=roadmap.html#android>android roadmap analysis</a>).</p> 1572 1573<p>The FLAG_ macros for command option parsing and TT alias for the command's 1574global block are now automatically generated, commands should 1575#define FOR_commandname before #including <toys.h> to get the macros for that 1576command.</p> 1577 1578<p>An upgrade to the build infrastructure now allows commands with _ and - 1579in them, such as switch_root.</p> 1580 1581<p>Bugfixes: Avery Pennarun spotted a case where ls showed uid twice instead of 1582uid and gid, and that nice was using the wrong range of numbers. 1583The ls command also recursed inappropriately last time (not quite 1584properly converted for the dirtree changes last release), and now it's 1585fixed. Roy Tam pointed out a glitch in sh, and fixed df's percentage 1586calculation to match the POSIX spec. The kernel build didn't like our mktemp 1587and it does now. The wc command wasn't quite posix compliant (trailing spaces 1588break stuff). The ls command recursed inappropriately last time (not quite 1589properly converted for the dirtree changes last release), and now it's 1590fixed. The catv command wasn't displaying byte 255 correctly. Some lib 1591fixes (thinko in xpidfile). Fixed uname -m when running a 32 bit x86 binary 1592on an x86-64 host (it lies and says the system is i686, i586, or i486 depending 1593on what the toolchain that built the binary supported. This makes builds in 1594a 32 bit chroot on a 64 bit kernel break less.) The df command was checking 1595partitions in the wrong order (displaying undermounts instead of overmounts: 1596this used to work but some library code changed out from under it and it 1597wasn't updated to match until now). Felix Janda filled out the test suite 1598some more. The patch file creation logic got tweaked several times to 1599successfully apply more patches. Support for older (pre 2.10) glibc 1600versions was added to portability.h.</p> 1601 1602<p>Miscelaneous cleanups all around (mknod, sha1sum, logname), including a 1603rewrite of taskset to be less dependent on libc getting the headers right. All 1604the command headers should now point to the current relevant standards 1605document, where applicable.</p> 1606 1607<p>This news page had old news entries from before the relaunch moved into 1608a separate <a href=oldnews.html>oldnews</a> page.</p> 1609 1610<p>I forgot to create <a href=bin>static binaries</a> last time, but they're 1611back now.</p> 1612</span> 1613 1614<a name="23-07-2012" /><a href="#23-07-2012"><hr><h2><b>July 23, 2012</b></h2></a> 1615<blockquote><p>"Ford", Arthur said. "There's an infinite number of monkeys 1616out here who want to talk to us about this script for Hamlet they've worked 1617out." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1618 1619<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.4.0.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.4.0</a> is based on 1620<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/640>commit 640</a>.</p> 1621 1622<p>The new <a href=status.html>status page</a> is calculated from 1623the roadmap info, and should be easier to keep up to date in future.</p> 1624 1625<p>Andre Renaud contributed od and modinfo. Elie De Brauwer contributed 1626taskset, bugfixes to cmp and tail, and tests for sort and tail. Kyungwan Han 1627contributed passwd. Gaurang Shastri contributed w. Ashwini Sharma spotted a 1628case where dirtree was adding extra slashes to a path.</p> 1629 1630<p>I rewrote od, cleaned up comm, documented the 1631<a href=code.html#lib_llist>llist</a> and 1632<a href=code.html#lib_dirtree>dirtree</a> infrastructure, added an -r option 1633to date (and fixed a bug where -u wouldn't override /etc/localtime), 1634fixed bugs in chmod +stw, fixed ls to show suid bits properly when the 1635corresponding executable bit wasn't set, and worked around a longstanding 1636glibc bug where static linking prevents stdout from automatically flushing 1637pending output on exit.</p> 1638 1639<a name="25-06-2012" /><a href="#25-06-2012"><hr><h2><b>June 25, 2012</b></h2></a> 1640<blockquote><p>"For a moment, nothing happened. Then, after a second or so, nothing continued to happen." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1641 1642<p><a href=downloads/toybox-0.3.1.tar.bz2>Toybox 0.3.1</a> is based on commit 1643<a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/607>commit 607</a>. It's 1644mostly a bugfix release for ls -l (which was unhappy on targets other than 1645x86-64), plus a new "date" from Andre Renaud and rewritten chgrp/chown which 1646now support the full set of posix flags, plus a little work on the test 1647suite and some more header tweaks towards eventual compatability with the 1648musl libc.</p> 1649 1650<p>The todo list runneth over, but "release early, release often", so here 1651it is. The roadmap and documentation are a bit behind, and I've got ~40 1652pending submissions to review. I need to catch up...</p> 1653</span> 1654 1655<a name="12-06-2012" /><a href="#12-06-2012"><hr><h2><b>June 12, 2012</b></h2></a> 1656<blockquote><p>"For instance, on the planet Earth, man had always assumed that 1657he was more intelligent than dolphins because he had achieved so much - the 1658wheel, New York, wars and so on - whilst all the dolphins had ever done was 1659muck about in the water having a good time. But conversely, the dolphins had 1660always believed that they were far more intelligent than man - for precisely 1661the same reasons." - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p></blockquote> 1662 1663<p>It's well past time for <a href=downloads/toybox-0.3.0.tar.bz2>toybox 0.3.0</a>, 1664so here it is, based 1665on <a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/595>commit 595</a>, and the 1666statically linked <a href=downloads/binaries>prebuilt binaries</a> should 1667actually be statically linked this time (thanks Ashwini Sharma for spotting 1668that).</p> 1669 1670<p>It's hard to figure out where to cut a release, because development 1671doesn't stop. "Long before now" is the obviuos answer, of course. 1672The project's maintainer also moved house during this development cycle, which 1673threw things off for a bit (so many boxes). Releases should hopefully be a bit 1674more frequent from here on.</p> 1675 1676<p>The big things Rob worked on this time were the new dirtree (directory 1677tree traversal) infrastructure, and a complete rewrite of ls using that 1678which should now implement all 26 posix options.</p> 1679 1680<p>Georgi Chorbadzhiyski added printenv, whoami, mkdir, mkfifo, chmod, chown, 1681chgrp, and uniq. He also added fraction and extension support to sleep (so if 1682you need a quarter-second sleep, it can do that now), and fixed a build bug 1683on slackware.</p> 1684 1685<p>Daniel Walter contributed a string to mode_t parser (in use by chmod and 1686mkdir -m). Ilya Kuzmich contributed comm. Elie De Brauwer added mountpoint, 1687vmstat, logname, login, and mktemp. Kevin Chase did some portability cleanups. 1688Pere Orga fixed some documentation.</p> 1689 1690<p>The "tac" and "clear" commands are now normal commands instead of shell 1691wrappers, and the header #includes have been cleaned up a bit to remove 1692deprecated functions and attempt to increase compatability with the bionic and 1693musl C libraries, "tail" should now use lseek() for large files, and "id" got 1694some cleanups and bugfixes.</p> 1695 1696<p>The new TOYBOX_FLOAT configuration option selects whether or not 1697to include floating point support (for embedded targets where that's 1698problematic).</p> 1699 1700<p>Several random bugfixes: unshare() might actually build portably now, 1701yes 'n' | cp -i should no longer bypass stdin and prompt via the tty, the 1702SUID support no longer drops permissions going through the toybox 1703multiplexer command, and a bugfix to xargs -0 means it should no longer 1704segfault. (I have a pending bug report about xargs not doing the full 1705posix whitespace handling that -0 obsoleted, but I'll deal with that next 1706release.)</p> 1707 1708<p>The build infrastructure is now automatically generating FLAG_ macros 1709for the options, but currently with the wrong names. Some more macro glue 1710is necessary, which I haven't quite figured out how to do yet.</p> 1711 1712<p>A defconfig toybox at the start of the $PATH has successfully built 1713Linux From Scratch (in my Aboriginal Linux project). The commands that 1714'default n' in the config are often still broken, cleanup is ongoing. 1715(The new dirtree stuff broke several of them that haven't been converted 1716yet, but if I wait until everything works we won't have a release before 17171.0, so here's a checkpoint.)</p> 1718 1719 1720<a name="03-03-2012" /><a href="#03-03-2012"><hr><h2><b>March 3, 2012</b></h2></a> 1721 1722<blockquote><p>"They went unnoticed at Goonhilly, passed over Cape Canaveral 1723without a blip, and Woomera and Jodrell Bank looked straight through them. 1724Which was a pity, because it was exactly the sort of thing they'd been looking 1725for all these years."</p></p>- The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.</p> 1726</p></blockquote> 1727 1728<p>Here's <a href=downloads/toybox-0.2.1.tar.bz2>toybox 0.2.1</a> based 1729on <a href=http://landley.net/hg/toybox/shortlog/512>commit 512</a>. This 1730time around, there are statically linked <a href=downloads/binaries>prebuilt 1731binaries</a> for various embedded targets.</p> 1732 1733<p>It's been a busy few weeks, almost entirely due to new contributors. (I 1734have not quite been keeping up.)</p> 1735 1736<p>Elie De Brauwer contributed free, uptime, swapon, swapoff, lsmod, mknod, 1737insmod, rmmod, and fixed a bug in basename. Andre Renaud contributed ls, ln, 1738realpath, and hostname. Andres Heck contributed pidof and killall. Daniel 1739Walter wrote kill and extended id. Timothy Elliott contributed tail and tests 1740for cmp. Frank Bergmann sent a warning fix. Bryce Fricke added -i to cp. 1741Nathan McSween pointed out an optimization. Georgi Chorbadzhiyski fixed 1742cross compiling to work more reliably.</p> 1743 1744<p>(My own contribution this time around was just tightening up other people's 1745code, a build fix to unshare, some random bugfixes, and so on. My only new 1746code this time around was writing a bash replacement for the existing python 1747bloat-o-meter.)</p> 1748 1749<p>Last time (the 0.2.0 release) included the first pass at an id command from 1750Tim Bird, env and basename from Tryn Mirell, cmp and head from Timothy Elliott, 1751more bugfixes from Nathan McSween and Elie De Brauwer, and Luis Felipe Strano 1752Moraes did a first pass at the who command plus other bugfixes and 1753optimizations.</p> 1754 1755<p>(For that release I did xargs, cal, truncate, unlink, nohup, tty, wc, link, 1756dirname, unshare, and various infrastructure tweaks, but it took me 3 months 1757and those guys did their stuff in a week or so.)</p> 1758 1759 1760<a name="12-02-2012" /><a href="#12-02-2012"><hr><h2><b>February 12, 2012</b></h2></a> 1761<blockquote><p> 1762"for though it has many omissions and contains much that is apocryphal, or at 1763least wildly inaccurate, it scores over the older, more pedestrian work in two 1764important respects..."</p> 1765<p> - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</p></blockquote> 1766 1767<p>Here's the first BSD licensed release, 1768<a href=downloads/toybox-0.2.0.tar.bz2>toybox-0.2.0</a>, more a synchronization 1769point than anything particularly useful. 47 commands in a reasonably 1770ready-to-use state (what "make defconfig" builds), another ten or so partially 1771finished stubs ("make allyesconfig"), and several 1772patches pending on the mailing list I need to review and merge.</p> 1773 1774<p>More to come...</p> 1775 1776<hr> 1777<a name="15-11-2011" /><a href="#15-11-2011"><hr><h2><b>November 15, 2011</b></h2></a> 1778- Back from the dead, Toybox is now under a 2 1779clause BSD license, and aiming to become the default command line 1780implementation of Android systems everywhere.</p> 1781 1782<p>More to come...</p> 1783 1784<hr> 1785 1786<p><a href=oldnews.html>Old news</a> from before the relaunch.</p> 1787 1788<!--#include file="footer.html" --> 1789