android/accessibilityservice/AccessibilityService.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.accessibilityservice;

import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Region;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.ArrayMap;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Slog;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.view.WindowManagerImpl;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEvent;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityInteractionClient;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityWindowInfo;

import com.android.internal.os.HandlerCaller;
import com.android.internal.os.SomeArgs;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * An accessibility service runs in the background and receives callbacks by the system
 * when {@link AccessibilityEvent}s are fired. Such events denote some state transition
 * in the user interface, for example, the focus has changed, a button has been clicked,
 * etc. Such a service can optionally request the capability for querying the content
 * of the active window. Development of an accessibility service requires extending this
 * class and implementing its abstract methods.
 *
 * <div class="special reference">
 * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
 * <p>For more information about creating AccessibilityServices, read the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/accessibility/index.html">Accessibility</a>
 * developer guide.</p>
 * </div>
 *
 * <h3>Lifecycle</h3>
 * <p>
 * The lifecycle of an accessibility service is managed exclusively by the system and
 * follows the established service life cycle. Additionally, starting or stopping an
 * accessibility service is triggered exclusively by an explicit user action through
 * enabling or disabling it in the device settings. After the system binds to a service it
 * calls {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()}. This method can be
 * overriden by clients that want to perform post binding setup.
 * </p>
 * <h3>Declaration</h3>
 * <p>
 * An accessibility is declared as any other service in an AndroidManifest.xml but it
 * must also specify that it handles the "android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService"
 * {@link android.content.Intent}. Failure to declare this intent will cause the system to
 * ignore the accessibility service. Additionally an accessibility service must request the
 * {@link android.Manifest.permission#BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE} permission to ensure
 * that only the system
 * can bind to it. Failure to declare this intent will cause the system to ignore the
 * accessibility service. Following is an example declaration:
 * </p>
 * <pre> &lt;service android:name=".MyAccessibilityService"
 *         android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE"&gt;
 *     &lt;intent-filter&gt;
 *         &lt;action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" /&gt;
 *     &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
 *     . . .
 * &lt;/service&gt;</pre>
 * <h3>Configuration</h3>
 * <p>
 * An accessibility service can be configured to receive specific types of accessibility events,
 * listen only to specific packages, get events from each type only once in a given time frame,
 * retrieve window content, specify a settings activity, etc.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * There are two approaches for configuring an accessibility service:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>
 * Providing a {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA meta-data} entry in the manifest when declaring
 * the service. A service declaration with a meta-data tag is presented below:
 * <pre> &lt;service android:name=".MyAccessibilityService"&gt;
 *     &lt;intent-filter&gt;
 *         &lt;action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" /&gt;
 *     &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
 *     &lt;meta-data android:name="android.accessibilityservice" android:resource="@xml/accessibilityservice" /&gt;
 * &lt;/service&gt;</pre>
 * <p class="note">
 * <strong>Note:</strong> This approach enables setting all properties.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * For more details refer to {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA} and
 * <code>&lt;{@link android.R.styleable#AccessibilityService accessibility-service}&gt;</code>.
 * </p>
 * </li>
 * <li>
 * Calling {@link AccessibilityService#setServiceInfo(AccessibilityServiceInfo)}. Note
 * that this method can be called any time to dynamically change the service configuration.
 * <p class="note">
 * <strong>Note:</strong> This approach enables setting only dynamically configurable properties:
 * {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#eventTypes},
 * {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#feedbackType},
 * {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#flags},
 * {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#notificationTimeout},
 * {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#packageNames}
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * For more details refer to {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo}.
 * </p>
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 * <h3>Retrieving window content</h3>
 * <p>
 * A service can specify in its declaration that it can retrieve the active window
 * content which is represented as a tree of {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo}. Note that
 * declaring this capability requires that the service declares its configuration via
 * an XML resource referenced by {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA}.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * For security purposes an accessibility service can retrieve only the content of the
 * currently active window. The currently active window is defined as the window from
 * which was fired the last event of the following types:
 * {@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED},
 * {@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_HOVER_ENTER},
 * {@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_HOVER_EXIT},
 * In other words, the last window that was shown or the last window that the user has touched
 * during touch exploration.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * The entry point for retrieving window content is through calling
 * {@link AccessibilityEvent#getSource() AccessibilityEvent.getSource()} of the last received
 * event of the above types or a previous event from the same window
 * (see {@link AccessibilityEvent#getWindowId() AccessibilityEvent.getWindowId()}). Invoking
 * this method will return an {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo} that can be used to traverse the
 * window content which represented as a tree of such objects.
 * </p>
 * <p class="note">
 * <strong>Note</strong> An accessibility service may have requested to be notified for
 * a subset of the event types, thus be unaware that the active window has changed. Therefore
 * accessibility service that would like to retrieve window content should:
 * <ul>
 * <li>
 * Register for all event types with no notification timeout and keep track for the active
 * window by calling {@link AccessibilityEvent#getWindowId()} of the last received event and
 * compare this with the {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo#getWindowId()} before calling retrieval
 * methods on the latter.
 * </li>
 * <li>
 * Prepare that a retrieval method on {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo} may fail since the
 * active window has changed and the service did not get the accessibility event yet. Note
 * that it is possible to have a retrieval method failing even adopting the strategy
 * specified in the previous bullet because the accessibility event dispatch is asynchronous
 * and crosses process boundaries.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 * </p>
 * <h3>Notification strategy</h3>
 * <p>
 * All accessibility services are notified of all events they have requested, regardless of their
 * feedback type.
 * </p>
 * <p class="note">
 * <strong>Note:</strong> The event notification timeout is useful to avoid propagating
 * events to the client too frequently since this is accomplished via an expensive
 * interprocess call. One can think of the timeout as a criteria to determine when
 * event generation has settled down.</p>
 * <h3>Event types</h3>
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_LONG_CLICKED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_FOCUSED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_SELECTED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_TOUCH_EXPLORATION_GESTURE_START}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_TOUCH_EXPLORATION_GESTURE_END}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_HOVER_ENTER}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_HOVER_EXIT}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_SCROLLED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_SELECTION_CHANGED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_ANNOUNCEMENT}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_GESTURE_DETECTION_START}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_GESTURE_DETECTION_END}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_TOUCH_INTERACTION_START}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_TOUCH_INTERACTION_END}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUSED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_WINDOWS_CHANGED}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityEvent#TYPE_VIEW_ACCESSIBILITY_FOCUS_CLEARED}</li>
 * </ul>
 * <h3>Feedback types</h3>
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FEEDBACK_AUDIBLE}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FEEDBACK_HAPTIC}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FEEDBACK_AUDIBLE}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FEEDBACK_VISUAL}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FEEDBACK_GENERIC}</li>
 * <li>{@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FEEDBACK_BRAILLE}</li>
 * </ul>
 * @see AccessibilityEvent
 * @see AccessibilityServiceInfo
 * @see android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityManager
 */
public abstract class AccessibilityService extends Service {

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe up gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_UP = 1;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe down gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN = 2;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe left gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT = 3;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe right gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT = 4;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe left and right gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT_AND_RIGHT = 5;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe right and left gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT_AND_LEFT = 6;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe up and down gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_UP_AND_DOWN = 7;

    /**
     * The user has performed a swipe down and up gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN_AND_UP = 8;

    /**
     * The user has performed a left and up gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT_AND_UP = 9;

    /**
     * The user has performed a left and down gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT_AND_DOWN = 10;

    /**
     * The user has performed a right and up gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT_AND_UP = 11;

    /**
     * The user has performed a right and down gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT_AND_DOWN = 12;

    /**
     * The user has performed an up and left gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_UP_AND_LEFT = 13;

    /**
     * The user has performed an up and right gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_UP_AND_RIGHT = 14;

    /**
     * The user has performed an down and left gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN_AND_LEFT = 15;

    /**
     * The user has performed an down and right gesture on the touch screen.
     */
    public static final int GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN_AND_RIGHT = 16;

    /**
     * The {@link Intent} that must be declared as handled by the service.
     */
    public static final String SERVICE_INTERFACE =
        "android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService";

    /**
     * Name under which an AccessibilityService component publishes information
     * about itself. This meta-data must reference an XML resource containing an
     * <code>&lt;{@link android.R.styleable#AccessibilityService accessibility-service}&gt;</code>
     * tag. This is a a sample XML file configuring an accessibility service:
     * <pre> &lt;accessibility-service
     *     android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeViewClicked|typeViewFocused"
     *     android:packageNames="foo.bar, foo.baz"
     *     android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackSpoken"
     *     android:notificationTimeout="100"
     *     android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault"
     *     android:settingsActivity="foo.bar.TestBackActivity"
     *     android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"
     *     android:canRequestTouchExplorationMode="true"
     *     android:canRequestEnhancedWebAccessibility="true"
     *     . . .
     * /&gt;</pre>
     */
    public static final String SERVICE_META_DATA = "android.accessibilityservice";

    /**
     * Action to go back.
     */
    public static final int GLOBAL_ACTION_BACK = 1;

    /**
     * Action to go home.
     */
    public static final int GLOBAL_ACTION_HOME = 2;

    /**
     * Action to open the recent apps.
     */
    public static final int GLOBAL_ACTION_RECENTS = 3;

    /**
     * Action to open the notifications.
     */
    public static final int GLOBAL_ACTION_NOTIFICATIONS = 4;

    /**
     * Action to open the quick settings.
     */
    public static final int GLOBAL_ACTION_QUICK_SETTINGS = 5;

    /**
     * Action to open the power long-press dialog.
     */
    public static final int GLOBAL_ACTION_POWER_DIALOG = 6;

    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AccessibilityService";

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    public interface Callbacks {
        public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event);
        public void onInterrupt();
        public void onServiceConnected();
        public void init(int connectionId, IBinder windowToken);
        public boolean onGesture(int gestureId);
        public boolean onKeyEvent(KeyEvent event);
        public void onMagnificationChanged(@NonNull Region region,
                float scale, float centerX, float centerY);
    }

    private int mConnectionId;

    private AccessibilityServiceInfo mInfo;

    private IBinder mWindowToken;

    private WindowManager mWindowManager;

    private MagnificationController mMagnificationController;

    /**
     * Callback for {@link android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEvent}s.
     *
     * @param event An event.
     */
    public abstract void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event);

    /**
     * Callback for interrupting the accessibility feedback.
     */
    public abstract void onInterrupt();

    /**
     * Dispatches service connection to internal components first, then the
     * client code.
     */
    private void dispatchServiceConnected() {
        if (mMagnificationController != null) {
            mMagnificationController.onServiceConnected();
        }

        // The client gets to handle service connection last, after we've set
        // up any state upon which their code may rely.
        onServiceConnected();
    }

    /**
     * This method is a part of the {@link AccessibilityService} lifecycle and is
     * called after the system has successfully bound to the service. If is
     * convenient to use this method for setting the {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo}.
     *
     * @see AccessibilityServiceInfo
     * @see #setServiceInfo(AccessibilityServiceInfo)
     */
    protected void onServiceConnected() {

    }

    /**
     * Called by the system when the user performs a specific gesture on the
     * touch screen.
     *
     * <strong>Note:</strong> To receive gestures an accessibility service must
     * request that the device is in touch exploration mode by setting the
     * {@link android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityServiceInfo#FLAG_REQUEST_TOUCH_EXPLORATION_MODE}
     * flag.
     *
     * @param gestureId The unique id of the performed gesture.
     *
     * @return Whether the gesture was handled.
     *
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_UP
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_UP_AND_LEFT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_UP_AND_DOWN
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_UP_AND_RIGHT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN_AND_LEFT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN_AND_UP
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_DOWN_AND_RIGHT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT_AND_UP
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT_AND_RIGHT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_LEFT_AND_DOWN
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT_AND_UP
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT_AND_LEFT
     * @see #GESTURE_SWIPE_RIGHT_AND_DOWN
     */
    protected boolean onGesture(int gestureId) {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Callback that allows an accessibility service to observe the key events
     * before they are passed to the rest of the system. This means that the events
     * are first delivered here before they are passed to the device policy, the
     * input method, or applications.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> It is important that key events are handled in such
     * a way that the event stream that would be passed to the rest of the system
     * is well-formed. For example, handling the down event but not the up event
     * and vice versa would generate an inconsistent event stream.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> The key events delivered in this method are copies
     * and modifying them will have no effect on the events that will be passed
     * to the system. This method is intended to perform purely filtering
     * functionality.
     * <p>
     *
     * @param event The event to be processed.
     * @return If true then the event will be consumed and not delivered to
     *         applications, otherwise it will be delivered as usual.
     */
    protected boolean onKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the windows on the screen. This method returns only the windows
     * that a sighted user can interact with, as opposed to all windows.
     * For example, if there is a modal dialog shown and the user cannot touch
     * anything behind it, then only the modal window will be reported
     * (assuming it is the top one). For convenience the returned windows
     * are ordered in a descending layer order, which is the windows that
     * are higher in the Z-order are reported first. Since the user can always
     * interact with the window that has input focus by typing, the focused
     * window is always returned (even if covered by a modal window).
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> In order to access the windows your service has
     * to declare the capability to retrieve window content by setting the
     * {@link android.R.styleable#AccessibilityService_canRetrieveWindowContent}
     * property in its meta-data. For details refer to {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA}.
     * Also the service has to opt-in to retrieve the interactive windows by
     * setting the {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FLAG_RETRIEVE_INTERACTIVE_WINDOWS}
     * flag.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The windows if there are windows and the service is can retrieve
     *         them, otherwise an empty list.
     */
    public List<AccessibilityWindowInfo> getWindows() {
        return AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getWindows(mConnectionId);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the root node in the currently active window if this service
     * can retrieve window content. The active window is the one that the user
     * is currently touching or the window with input focus, if the user is not
     * touching any window.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> In order to access the root node your service has
     * to declare the capability to retrieve window content by setting the
     * {@link android.R.styleable#AccessibilityService_canRetrieveWindowContent}
     * property in its meta-data. For details refer to {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The root node if this service can retrieve window content.
     */
    public AccessibilityNodeInfo getRootInActiveWindow() {
        return AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getRootInActiveWindow(mConnectionId);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the magnification controller, which may be used to query and
     * modify the state of display magnification.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> In order to control magnification, your service
     * must declare the capability by setting the
     * {@link android.R.styleable#AccessibilityService_canControlMagnification}
     * property in its meta-data. For more information, see
     * {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA}.
     *
     * @return the magnification controller
     */
    @NonNull
    public final MagnificationController getMagnificationController() {
        if (mMagnificationController == null) {
            mMagnificationController = new MagnificationController(this);
        }
        return mMagnificationController;
    }

    private void onMagnificationChanged(@NonNull Region region, float scale,
            float centerX, float centerY) {
        if (mMagnificationController != null) {
            mMagnificationController.dispatchMagnificationChanged(
                    region, scale, centerX, centerY);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used to control and query the state of display magnification.
     */
    public static final class MagnificationController {
        private final AccessibilityService mService;

        /**
         * Map of listeners to their handlers. Lazily created when adding the
         * first magnification listener.
         */
        private ArrayMap<OnMagnificationChangedListener, Handler> mListeners;

        MagnificationController(@NonNull AccessibilityService service) {
            mService = service;
        }

        /**
         * Called when the service is connected.
         */
        void onServiceConnected() {
            if (mListeners != null && !mListeners.isEmpty()) {
                setMagnificationCallbackEnabled(true);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Adds the specified change listener to the list of magnification
         * change listeners. The callback will occur on the service's main
         * thread.
         *
         * @param listener the listener to add, must be non-{@code null}
         */
        public void addListener(@NonNull OnMagnificationChangedListener listener) {
            addListener(listener, null);
        }

        /**
         * Adds the specified change listener to the list of magnification
         * change listeners. The callback will occur on the specified
         * {@link Handler}'s thread, or on the service's main thread if the
         * handler is {@code null}.
         *
         * @param listener the listener to add, must be non-null
         * @param handler the handler on which the callback should execute, or
         *        {@code null} to execute on the service's main thread
         */
        public void addListener(@NonNull OnMagnificationChangedListener listener,
                @Nullable Handler handler) {
            if (mListeners == null) {
                mListeners = new ArrayMap<>();
            }

            final boolean shouldEnableCallback = mListeners.isEmpty();
            mListeners.put(listener, handler);

            if (shouldEnableCallback) {
                // This may fail if the service is not connected yet, but if we
                // still have listeners when it connects then we can try again.
                setMagnificationCallbackEnabled(true);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Removes all instances of the specified change listener from the list
         * of magnification change listeners.
         *
         * @param listener the listener to remove, must be non-null
         * @return {@code true} if at least one instance of the listener was
         *         removed
         */
        public boolean removeListener(@NonNull OnMagnificationChangedListener listener) {
            if (mListeners == null) {
                return false;
            }

            final int keyIndex = mListeners.indexOfKey(listener);
            final boolean hasKey = keyIndex >= 0;
            if (hasKey) {
                mListeners.removeAt(keyIndex);
            }

            if (hasKey && mListeners.isEmpty()) {
                // We just removed the last listener, so we don't need
                // callbacks from the service anymore.
                setMagnificationCallbackEnabled(false);
            }

            return hasKey;
        }

        private void setMagnificationCallbackEnabled(boolean enabled) {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    connection.setMagnificationCallbackEnabled(enabled);
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(re);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Dispatches magnification changes to any registered listeners. This
         * should be called on the service's main thread.
         */
        void dispatchMagnificationChanged(final @NonNull Region region, final float scale,
                final float centerX, final float centerY) {
            if (mListeners == null || mListeners.isEmpty()) {
                Slog.d(LOG_TAG, "Received magnification changed "
                        + "callback with no listeners registered!");
                setMagnificationCallbackEnabled(false);
                return;
            }

            // Listeners may remove themselves. Perform a shallow copy to avoid
            // concurrent modification.
            final ArrayMap<OnMagnificationChangedListener, Handler> entries =
                    new ArrayMap<>(mListeners);

            for (int i = 0, count = entries.size(); i < count; i++) {
                final OnMagnificationChangedListener listener = entries.keyAt(i);
                final Handler handler = entries.valueAt(i);
                if (handler != null) {
                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            listener.onMagnificationChanged(MagnificationController.this,
                                    region, scale, centerX, centerY);
                        }
                    });
                } else {
                    // We're already on the main thread, just run the listener.
                    listener.onMagnificationChanged(this, region, scale, centerX, centerY);
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Returns the current magnification scale.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will
         * return a default value of {@code 1.0f}.
         *
         * @return the current magnification scale
         */
        public float getScale() {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.getMagnificationScale();
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to obtain scale", re);
                }
            }
            return 1.0f;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the unscaled screen-relative X coordinate of the focal
         * center of the magnified region. This is the point around which
         * zooming occurs and is guaranteed to lie within the magnified
         * region.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will
         * return a default value of {@code 0.0f}.
         *
         * @return the unscaled screen-relative X coordinate of the center of
         *         the magnified region
         */
        public float getCenterX() {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.getMagnificationCenterX();
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to obtain center X", re);
                }
            }
            return 0.0f;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the unscaled screen-relative Y coordinate of the focal
         * center of the magnified region. This is the point around which
         * zooming occurs and is guaranteed to lie within the magnified
         * region.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will
         * return a default value of {@code 0.0f}.
         *
         * @return the unscaled screen-relative Y coordinate of the center of
         *         the magnified region
         */
        public float getCenterY() {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.getMagnificationCenterY();
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to obtain center Y", re);
                }
            }
            return 0.0f;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the region of the screen currently being magnified. If
         * magnification is not enabled, the returned region will be empty.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will
         * return an empty region.
         *
         * @return the screen-relative bounds of the magnified region
         */
        @NonNull
        public Region getMagnifiedRegion() {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.getMagnifiedRegion();
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to obtain magnified region", re);
                }
            }
            return Region.obtain();
        }

        /**
         * Resets magnification scale and center to their default (e.g. no
         * magnification) values.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will have
         * no effect and return {@code false}.
         *
         * @param animate {@code true} to animate from the current scale and
         *                center or {@code false} to reset the scale and center
         *                immediately
         * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} on failure
         */
        public boolean reset(boolean animate) {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.resetMagnification(animate);
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to reset", re);
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Sets the magnification scale.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will have
         * no effect and return {@code false}.
         *
         * @param scale the magnification scale to set, must be >= 1 and <= 5
         * @param animate {@code true} to animate from the current scale or
         *                {@code false} to set the scale immediately
         * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} on failure
         */
        public boolean setScale(float scale, boolean animate) {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.setMagnificationScaleAndCenter(
                            scale, Float.NaN, Float.NaN, animate);
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to set scale", re);
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Sets the center of the magnified viewport.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Note:</strong> If the service is not yet connected (e.g.
         * {@link AccessibilityService#onServiceConnected()} has not yet been
         * called) or the service has been disconnected, this method will have
         * no effect and return {@code false}.
         *
         * @param centerX the unscaled screen-relative X coordinate on which to
         *                center the viewport
         * @param centerY the unscaled screen-relative Y coordinate on which to
         *                center the viewport
         * @param animate {@code true} to animate from the current viewport
         *                center or {@code false} to set the center immediately
         * @return {@code true} on success, {@code false} on failure
         */
        public boolean setCenter(float centerX, float centerY, boolean animate) {
            final IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(
                            mService.mConnectionId);
            if (connection != null) {
                try {
                    return connection.setMagnificationScaleAndCenter(
                            Float.NaN, centerX, centerY, animate);
                } catch (RemoteException re) {
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Failed to set center", re);
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Listener for changes in the state of magnification.
         */
        public interface OnMagnificationChangedListener {
            /**
             * Called when the magnified region, scale, or center changes.
             *
             * @param controller the magnification controller
             * @param region the new magnified region, may be empty if
             *               magnification is not enabled (e.g. scale is 1)
             * @param scale the new scale
             * @param centerX the new X coordinate around which magnification is focused
             * @param centerY the new Y coordinate around which magnification is focused
             */
            void onMagnificationChanged(@NonNull MagnificationController controller,
                    @NonNull Region region, float scale, float centerX, float centerY);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Performs a global action. Such an action can be performed
     * at any moment regardless of the current application or user
     * location in that application. For example going back, going
     * home, opening recents, etc.
     *
     * @param action The action to perform.
     * @return Whether the action was successfully performed.
     *
     * @see #GLOBAL_ACTION_BACK
     * @see #GLOBAL_ACTION_HOME
     * @see #GLOBAL_ACTION_NOTIFICATIONS
     * @see #GLOBAL_ACTION_RECENTS
     */
    public final boolean performGlobalAction(int action) {
        IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
            AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(mConnectionId);
        if (connection != null) {
            try {
                return connection.performGlobalAction(action);
            } catch (RemoteException re) {
                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while calling performGlobalAction", re);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Find the view that has the specified focus type. The search is performed
     * across all windows.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> In order to access the windows your service has
     * to declare the capability to retrieve window content by setting the
     * {@link android.R.styleable#AccessibilityService_canRetrieveWindowContent}
     * property in its meta-data. For details refer to {@link #SERVICE_META_DATA}.
     * Also the service has to opt-in to retrieve the interactive windows by
     * setting the {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo#FLAG_RETRIEVE_INTERACTIVE_WINDOWS}
     * flag.Otherwise, the search will be performed only in the active window.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param focus The focus to find. One of {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo#FOCUS_INPUT} or
     *         {@link AccessibilityNodeInfo#FOCUS_ACCESSIBILITY}.
     * @return The node info of the focused view or null.
     *
     * @see AccessibilityNodeInfo#FOCUS_INPUT
     * @see AccessibilityNodeInfo#FOCUS_ACCESSIBILITY
     */
    public AccessibilityNodeInfo findFocus(int focus) {
        return AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().findFocus(mConnectionId,
                AccessibilityNodeInfo.ANY_WINDOW_ID, AccessibilityNodeInfo.ROOT_NODE_ID, focus);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the an {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo} describing this
     * {@link AccessibilityService}. This method is useful if one wants
     * to change some of the dynamically configurable properties at
     * runtime.
     *
     * @return The accessibility service info.
     *
     * @see AccessibilityServiceInfo
     */
    public final AccessibilityServiceInfo getServiceInfo() {
        IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
            AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(mConnectionId);
        if (connection != null) {
            try {
                return connection.getServiceInfo();
            } catch (RemoteException re) {
                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while getting AccessibilityServiceInfo", re);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo} that describes this service.
     * <p>
     * Note: You can call this method any time but the info will be picked up after
     *       the system has bound to this service and when this method is called thereafter.
     *
     * @param info The info.
     */
    public final void setServiceInfo(AccessibilityServiceInfo info) {
        mInfo = info;
        sendServiceInfo();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the {@link AccessibilityServiceInfo} for this service if the latter is
     * properly set and there is an {@link IAccessibilityServiceConnection} to the
     * AccessibilityManagerService.
     */
    private void sendServiceInfo() {
        IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
            AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getConnection(mConnectionId);
        if (mInfo != null && connection != null) {
            try {
                connection.setServiceInfo(mInfo);
                mInfo = null;
                AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().clearCache();
            } catch (RemoteException re) {
                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Error while setting AccessibilityServiceInfo", re);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getSystemService(@ServiceName @NonNull String name) {
        if (getBaseContext() == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "System services not available to Activities before onCreate()");
        }

        // Guarantee that we always return the same window manager instance.
        if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) {
            if (mWindowManager == null) {
                mWindowManager = (WindowManager) getBaseContext().getSystemService(name);
            }
            return mWindowManager;
        }
        return super.getSystemService(name);
    }

    /**
     * Implement to return the implementation of the internal accessibility
     * service interface.
     */
    @Override
    public final IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper(this, getMainLooper(), new Callbacks() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected() {
                AccessibilityService.this.dispatchServiceConnected();
            }

            @Override
            public void onInterrupt() {
                AccessibilityService.this.onInterrupt();
            }

            @Override
            public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
                AccessibilityService.this.onAccessibilityEvent(event);
            }

            @Override
            public void init(int connectionId, IBinder windowToken) {
                mConnectionId = connectionId;
                mWindowToken = windowToken;

                // The client may have already obtained the window manager, so
                // update the default token on whatever manager we gave them.
                final WindowManagerImpl wm = (WindowManagerImpl) getSystemService(WINDOW_SERVICE);
                wm.setDefaultToken(windowToken);
            }

            @Override
            public boolean onGesture(int gestureId) {
                return AccessibilityService.this.onGesture(gestureId);
            }

            @Override
            public boolean onKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
                return AccessibilityService.this.onKeyEvent(event);
            }

            @Override
            public void onMagnificationChanged(@NonNull Region region,
                    float scale, float centerX, float centerY) {
                AccessibilityService.this.onMagnificationChanged(region, scale, centerX, centerY);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Implements the internal {@link IAccessibilityServiceClient} interface to convert
     * incoming calls to it back to calls on an {@link AccessibilityService}.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public static class IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper extends IAccessibilityServiceClient.Stub
            implements HandlerCaller.Callback {
        private static final int DO_INIT = 1;
        private static final int DO_ON_INTERRUPT = 2;
        private static final int DO_ON_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT = 3;
        private static final int DO_ON_GESTURE = 4;
        private static final int DO_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_CACHE = 5;
        private static final int DO_ON_KEY_EVENT = 6;
        private static final int DO_ON_MAGNIFICATION_CHANGED = 7;

        private final HandlerCaller mCaller;

        private final Callbacks mCallback;

        private int mConnectionId;

        public IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper(Context context, Looper looper,
                Callbacks callback) {
            mCallback = callback;
            mCaller = new HandlerCaller(context, looper, this, true /*asyncHandler*/);
        }

        public void init(IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection, int connectionId,
                IBinder windowToken) {
            Message message = mCaller.obtainMessageIOO(DO_INIT, connectionId,
                    connection, windowToken);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        public void onInterrupt() {
            Message message = mCaller.obtainMessage(DO_ON_INTERRUPT);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
            Message message = mCaller.obtainMessageO(DO_ON_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT, event);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        public void onGesture(int gestureId) {
            Message message = mCaller.obtainMessageI(DO_ON_GESTURE, gestureId);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        public void clearAccessibilityCache() {
            Message message = mCaller.obtainMessage(DO_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_CACHE);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        @Override
        public void onKeyEvent(KeyEvent event, int sequence) {
            Message message = mCaller.obtainMessageIO(DO_ON_KEY_EVENT, sequence, event);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        public void onMagnificationChanged(@NonNull Region region,
                float scale, float centerX, float centerY) {
            final SomeArgs args = SomeArgs.obtain();
            args.arg1 = region;
            args.arg2 = scale;
            args.arg3 = centerX;
            args.arg4 = centerY;

            final Message message = mCaller.obtainMessageO(DO_ON_MAGNIFICATION_CHANGED, args);
            mCaller.sendMessage(message);
        }

        @Override
        public void executeMessage(Message message) {
            switch (message.what) {
                case DO_ON_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT: {
                    AccessibilityEvent event = (AccessibilityEvent) message.obj;
                    if (event != null) {
                        AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().onAccessibilityEvent(event);
                        mCallback.onAccessibilityEvent(event);
                        // Make sure the event is recycled.
                        try {
                            event.recycle();
                        } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
                            /* ignore - best effort */
                        }
                    }
                } return;

                case DO_ON_INTERRUPT: {
                    mCallback.onInterrupt();
                } return;

                case DO_INIT: {
                    mConnectionId = message.arg1;
                    SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) message.obj;
                    IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection =
                            (IAccessibilityServiceConnection) args.arg1;
                    IBinder windowToken = (IBinder) args.arg2;
                    args.recycle();
                    if (connection != null) {
                        AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().addConnection(mConnectionId,
                                connection);
                        mCallback.init(mConnectionId, windowToken);
                        mCallback.onServiceConnected();
                    } else {
                        AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().removeConnection(
                                mConnectionId);
                        mConnectionId = AccessibilityInteractionClient.NO_ID;
                        AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().clearCache();
                        mCallback.init(AccessibilityInteractionClient.NO_ID, null);
                    }
                } return;

                case DO_ON_GESTURE: {
                    final int gestureId = message.arg1;
                    mCallback.onGesture(gestureId);
                } return;

                case DO_CLEAR_ACCESSIBILITY_CACHE: {
                    AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().clearCache();
                } return;

                case DO_ON_KEY_EVENT: {
                    KeyEvent event = (KeyEvent) message.obj;
                    try {
                        IAccessibilityServiceConnection connection = AccessibilityInteractionClient
                                .getInstance().getConnection(mConnectionId);
                        if (connection != null) {
                            final boolean result = mCallback.onKeyEvent(event);
                            final int sequence = message.arg1;
                            try {
                                connection.setOnKeyEventResult(result, sequence);
                            } catch (RemoteException re) {
                                /* ignore */
                            }
                        }
                    } finally {
                        // Make sure the event is recycled.
                        try {
                            event.recycle();
                        } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
                            /* ignore - best effort */
                        }
                    }
                } return;

                case DO_ON_MAGNIFICATION_CHANGED: {
                    final SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) message.obj;
                    final Region region = (Region) args.arg1;
                    final float scale = (float) args.arg2;
                    final float centerX = (float) args.arg3;
                    final float centerY = (float) args.arg4;
                    mCallback.onMagnificationChanged(region, scale, centerX, centerY);
                } return;

                default :
                    Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Unknown message type " + message.what);
            }
        }
    }
}