graphics/drawable/Drawable.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.graphics.drawable;

import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.content.res.ColorStateList;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.content.res.Resources.Theme;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.ColorFilter;
import android.graphics.Insets;
import android.graphics.NinePatch;
import android.graphics.Outline;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.graphics.PorterDuff;
import android.graphics.PorterDuff.Mode;
import android.graphics.PorterDuffColorFilter;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.Region;
import android.graphics.Xfermode;
import android.os.Trace;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.util.StateSet;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.util.Xml;
import android.view.View;

import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * A Drawable is a general abstraction for "something that can be drawn."  Most
 * often you will deal with Drawable as the type of resource retrieved for
 * drawing things to the screen; the Drawable class provides a generic API for
 * dealing with an underlying visual resource that may take a variety of forms.
 * Unlike a {@link android.view.View}, a Drawable does not have any facility to
 * receive events or otherwise interact with the user.
 *
 * <p>In addition to simple drawing, Drawable provides a number of generic
 * mechanisms for its client to interact with what is being drawn:
 *
 * <ul>
 *     <li> The {@link #setBounds} method <var>must</var> be called to tell the
 *     Drawable where it is drawn and how large it should be.  All Drawables
 *     should respect the requested size, often simply by scaling their
 *     imagery.  A client can find the preferred size for some Drawables with
 *     the {@link #getIntrinsicHeight} and {@link #getIntrinsicWidth} methods.
 *
 *     <li> The {@link #getPadding} method can return from some Drawables
 *     information about how to frame content that is placed inside of them.
 *     For example, a Drawable that is intended to be the frame for a button
 *     widget would need to return padding that correctly places the label
 *     inside of itself.
 *
 *     <li> The {@link #setState} method allows the client to tell the Drawable
 *     in which state it is to be drawn, such as "focused", "selected", etc.
 *     Some drawables may modify their imagery based on the selected state.
 *
 *     <li> The {@link #setLevel} method allows the client to supply a single
 *     continuous controller that can modify the Drawable is displayed, such as
 *     a battery level or progress level.  Some drawables may modify their
 *     imagery based on the current level.
 *
 *     <li> A Drawable can perform animations by calling back to its client
 *     through the {@link Callback} interface.  All clients should support this
 *     interface (via {@link #setCallback}) so that animations will work.  A
 *     simple way to do this is through the system facilities such as
 *     {@link android.view.View#setBackground(Drawable)} and
 *     {@link android.widget.ImageView}.
 * </ul>
 *
 * Though usually not visible to the application, Drawables may take a variety
 * of forms:
 *
 * <ul>
 *     <li> <b>Bitmap</b>: the simplest Drawable, a PNG or JPEG image.
 *     <li> <b>Nine Patch</b>: an extension to the PNG format allows it to
 *     specify information about how to stretch it and place things inside of
 *     it.
 *     <li> <b>Shape</b>: contains simple drawing commands instead of a raw
 *     bitmap, allowing it to resize better in some cases.
 *     <li> <b>Layers</b>: a compound drawable, which draws multiple underlying
 *     drawables on top of each other.
 *     <li> <b>States</b>: a compound drawable that selects one of a set of
 *     drawables based on its state.
 *     <li> <b>Levels</b>: a compound drawable that selects one of a set of
 *     drawables based on its level.
 *     <li> <b>Scale</b>: a compound drawable with a single child drawable,
 *     whose overall size is modified based on the current level.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <div class="special reference">
 * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
 * <p>For more information about how to use drawables, read the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/graphics/2d-graphics.html">Canvas and Drawables</a> developer
 * guide. For information and examples of creating drawable resources (XML or bitmap files that
 * can be loaded in code), read the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/drawable-resource.html">Drawable Resources</a>
 * document.</p></div>
 */
public abstract class Drawable {
    private static final Rect ZERO_BOUNDS_RECT = new Rect();

    static final PorterDuff.Mode DEFAULT_TINT_MODE = PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN;

    private int[] mStateSet = StateSet.WILD_CARD;
    private int mLevel = 0;
    private int mChangingConfigurations = 0;
    private Rect mBounds = ZERO_BOUNDS_RECT;  // lazily becomes a new Rect()
    private WeakReference<Callback> mCallback = null;
    private boolean mVisible = true;

    private int mLayoutDirection;

    /**
     * Draw in its bounds (set via setBounds) respecting optional effects such
     * as alpha (set via setAlpha) and color filter (set via setColorFilter).
     *
     * @param canvas The canvas to draw into
     */
    public abstract void draw(Canvas canvas);

    /**
     * Specify a bounding rectangle for the Drawable. This is where the drawable
     * will draw when its draw() method is called.
     */
    public void setBounds(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        Rect oldBounds = mBounds;

        if (oldBounds == ZERO_BOUNDS_RECT) {
            oldBounds = mBounds = new Rect();
        }

        if (oldBounds.left != left || oldBounds.top != top ||
                oldBounds.right != right || oldBounds.bottom != bottom) {
            if (!oldBounds.isEmpty()) {
                // first invalidate the previous bounds
                invalidateSelf();
            }
            mBounds.set(left, top, right, bottom);
            onBoundsChange(mBounds);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Specify a bounding rectangle for the Drawable. This is where the drawable
     * will draw when its draw() method is called.
     */
    public void setBounds(Rect bounds) {
        setBounds(bounds.left, bounds.top, bounds.right, bounds.bottom);
    }

    /**
     * Return a copy of the drawable's bounds in the specified Rect (allocated
     * by the caller). The bounds specify where this will draw when its draw()
     * method is called.
     *
     * @param bounds Rect to receive the drawable's bounds (allocated by the
     *               caller).
     */
    public final void copyBounds(Rect bounds) {
        bounds.set(mBounds);
    }

    /**
     * Return a copy of the drawable's bounds in a new Rect. This returns the
     * same values as getBounds(), but the returned object is guaranteed to not
     * be changed later by the drawable (i.e. it retains no reference to this
     * rect). If the caller already has a Rect allocated, call copyBounds(rect).
     *
     * @return A copy of the drawable's bounds
     */
    public final Rect copyBounds() {
        return new Rect(mBounds);
    }

    /**
     * Return the drawable's bounds Rect. Note: for efficiency, the returned
     * object may be the same object stored in the drawable (though this is not
     * guaranteed), so if a persistent copy of the bounds is needed, call
     * copyBounds(rect) instead.
     * You should also not change the object returned by this method as it may
     * be the same object stored in the drawable.
     *
     * @return The bounds of the drawable (which may change later, so caller
     *         beware). DO NOT ALTER the returned object as it may change the
     *         stored bounds of this drawable.
     *
     * @see #copyBounds()
     * @see #copyBounds(android.graphics.Rect)
     */
    public final Rect getBounds() {
        if (mBounds == ZERO_BOUNDS_RECT) {
            mBounds = new Rect();
        }

        return mBounds;
    }

    /**
     * Return the drawable's dirty bounds Rect. Note: for efficiency, the
     * returned object may be the same object stored in the drawable (though
     * this is not guaranteed).
     * <p>
     * By default, this returns the full drawable bounds. Custom drawables may
     * override this method to perform more precise invalidation.
     *
     * @return The dirty bounds of this drawable
     */
    public Rect getDirtyBounds() {
        return getBounds();
    }

    /**
     * Set a mask of the configuration parameters for which this drawable
     * may change, requiring that it be re-created.
     *
     * @param configs A mask of the changing configuration parameters, as
     * defined by {@link android.content.pm.ActivityInfo}.
     *
     * @see android.content.pm.ActivityInfo
     */
    public void setChangingConfigurations(int configs) {
        mChangingConfigurations = configs;
    }

    /**
     * Return a mask of the configuration parameters for which this drawable
     * may change, requiring that it be re-created.  The default implementation
     * returns whatever was provided through
     * {@link #setChangingConfigurations(int)} or 0 by default.  Subclasses
     * may extend this to or in the changing configurations of any other
     * drawables they hold.
     *
     * @return Returns a mask of the changing configuration parameters, as
     * defined by {@link android.content.pm.ActivityInfo}.
     *
     * @see android.content.pm.ActivityInfo
     */
    public int getChangingConfigurations() {
        return mChangingConfigurations;
    }

    /**
     * Set to true to have the drawable dither its colors when drawn to a device
     * with fewer than 8-bits per color component. This can improve the look on
     * those devices, but can also slow down the drawing a little.
     */
    public void setDither(boolean dither) {}

    /**
     * Set to true to have the drawable filter its bitmap when scaled or rotated
     * (for drawables that use bitmaps). If the drawable does not use bitmaps,
     * this call is ignored. This can improve the look when scaled or rotated,
     * but also slows down the drawing.
     */
    public void setFilterBitmap(boolean filter) {}

    /**
     * Implement this interface if you want to create an animated drawable that
     * extends {@link android.graphics.drawable.Drawable Drawable}.
     * Upon retrieving a drawable, use
     * {@link Drawable#setCallback(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.Callback)}
     * to supply your implementation of the interface to the drawable; it uses
     * this interface to schedule and execute animation changes.
     */
    public static interface Callback {
        /**
         * Called when the drawable needs to be redrawn.  A view at this point
         * should invalidate itself (or at least the part of itself where the
         * drawable appears).
         *
         * @param who The drawable that is requesting the update.
         */
        public void invalidateDrawable(Drawable who);

        /**
         * A Drawable can call this to schedule the next frame of its
         * animation.  An implementation can generally simply call
         * {@link android.os.Handler#postAtTime(Runnable, Object, long)} with
         * the parameters <var>(what, who, when)</var> to perform the
         * scheduling.
         *
         * @param who The drawable being scheduled.
         * @param what The action to execute.
         * @param when The time (in milliseconds) to run.  The timebase is
         *             {@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis}
         */
        public void scheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what, long when);

        /**
         * A Drawable can call this to unschedule an action previously
         * scheduled with {@link #scheduleDrawable}.  An implementation can
         * generally simply call
         * {@link android.os.Handler#removeCallbacks(Runnable, Object)} with
         * the parameters <var>(what, who)</var> to unschedule the drawable.
         *
         * @param who The drawable being unscheduled.
         * @param what The action being unscheduled.
         */
        public void unscheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what);
    }

    /**
     * Bind a {@link Callback} object to this Drawable.  Required for clients
     * that want to support animated drawables.
     *
     * @param cb The client's Callback implementation.
     *
     * @see #getCallback()
     */
    public final void setCallback(Callback cb) {
        mCallback = new WeakReference<Callback>(cb);
    }

    /**
     * Return the current {@link Callback} implementation attached to this
     * Drawable.
     *
     * @return A {@link Callback} instance or null if no callback was set.
     *
     * @see #setCallback(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.Callback)
     */
    public Callback getCallback() {
        if (mCallback != null) {
            return mCallback.get();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Use the current {@link Callback} implementation to have this Drawable
     * redrawn.  Does nothing if there is no Callback attached to the
     * Drawable.
     *
     * @see Callback#invalidateDrawable
     * @see #getCallback()
     * @see #setCallback(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.Callback)
     */
    public void invalidateSelf() {
        final Callback callback = getCallback();
        if (callback != null) {
            callback.invalidateDrawable(this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Use the current {@link Callback} implementation to have this Drawable
     * scheduled.  Does nothing if there is no Callback attached to the
     * Drawable.
     *
     * @param what The action being scheduled.
     * @param when The time (in milliseconds) to run.
     *
     * @see Callback#scheduleDrawable
     */
    public void scheduleSelf(Runnable what, long when) {
        final Callback callback = getCallback();
        if (callback != null) {
            callback.scheduleDrawable(this, what, when);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Use the current {@link Callback} implementation to have this Drawable
     * unscheduled.  Does nothing if there is no Callback attached to the
     * Drawable.
     *
     * @param what The runnable that you no longer want called.
     *
     * @see Callback#unscheduleDrawable
     */
    public void unscheduleSelf(Runnable what) {
        final Callback callback = getCallback();
        if (callback != null) {
            callback.unscheduleDrawable(this, what);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the resolved layout direction for this Drawable.
     *
     * @return One of {@link android.view.View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_LTR},
     *   {@link android.view.View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL}
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public int getLayoutDirection() {
        return mLayoutDirection;
    }

    /**
     * Set the layout direction for this drawable. Should be a resolved direction as the
     * Drawable as no capacity to do the resolution on his own.
     *
     * @param layoutDirection One of {@link android.view.View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_LTR},
     *   {@link android.view.View#LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL}
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public void setLayoutDirection(@View.ResolvedLayoutDir int layoutDirection) {
        if (getLayoutDirection() != layoutDirection) {
            mLayoutDirection = layoutDirection;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Specify an alpha value for the drawable. 0 means fully transparent, and
     * 255 means fully opaque.
     */
    public abstract void setAlpha(int alpha);

    /**
     * Gets the current alpha value for the drawable. 0 means fully transparent,
     * 255 means fully opaque. This method is implemented by
     * Drawable subclasses and the value returned is specific to how that class treats alpha.
     * The default return value is 255 if the class does not override this method to return a value
     * specific to its use of alpha.
     */
    public int getAlpha() {
        return 0xFF;
    }

    /**
     * @hide Consider for future API inclusion
     */
    public void setXfermode(Xfermode mode) {
        // Base implementation drops it on the floor for compatibility. Whee!
        // TODO: For this to be included in the API proper, all framework drawables need impls.
        // For right now only BitmapDrawable has it.
    }

    /**
     * Specify an optional color filter for the drawable. Pass {@code null} to
     * remove any existing color filter.
     *
     * @param cf the color filter to apply, or {@code null} to remove the
     *            existing color filter
     */
    public abstract void setColorFilter(ColorFilter cf);

    /**
     * Specify a color and Porter-Duff mode to be the color filter for this
     * drawable.
     */
    public void setColorFilter(int color, PorterDuff.Mode mode) {
        setColorFilter(new PorterDuffColorFilter(color, mode));
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a tint for this drawable.
     * <p>
     * Setting a color filter via {@link #setColorFilter(ColorFilter)} overrides
     * tint.
     *
     * @param tint Color to use for tinting this drawable
     * @see #setTintMode(PorterDuff.Mode)
     */
    public void setTint(int tint) {
        setTintList(ColorStateList.valueOf(tint));
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a tint for this drawable as a color state list.
     * <p>
     * Setting a color filter via {@link #setColorFilter(ColorFilter)} overrides
     * tint.
     *
     * @param tint Color state list to use for tinting this drawable, or null to
     *            clear the tint
     * @see #setTintMode(PorterDuff.Mode)
     */
    public void setTintList(ColorStateList tint) {}

    /**
     * Specifies a tint blending mode for this drawable.
     * <p>
     * Setting a color filter via {@link #setColorFilter(ColorFilter)} overrides
     * tint.
     *
     * @param tintMode Color state list to use for tinting this drawable, or null to
     *            clear the tint
     * @param tintMode A Porter-Duff blending mode
     */
    public void setTintMode(PorterDuff.Mode tintMode) {}

    /**
     * Returns the current color filter, or {@code null} if none set.
     *
     * @return the current color filter, or {@code null} if none set
     */
    public ColorFilter getColorFilter() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Removes the color filter for this drawable.
     */
    public void clearColorFilter() {
        setColorFilter(null);
    }

    /**
     * Specifies the hotspot's location within the drawable.
     *
     * @param x The X coordinate of the center of the hotspot
     * @param y The Y coordinate of the center of the hotspot
     */
    public void setHotspot(float x, float y) {}

    /**
     * Sets the bounds to which the hotspot is constrained, if they should be
     * different from the drawable bounds.
     *
     * @param left
     * @param top
     * @param right
     * @param bottom
     */
    public void setHotspotBounds(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {}

    /** @hide For internal use only. Individual results may vary. */
    public void getHotspotBounds(Rect outRect) {
        outRect.set(getBounds());
    }

    /**
     * Whether this drawable requests projection.
     *
     * @hide magic!
     */
    public boolean isProjected() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether this drawable will change its appearance based on
     * state. Clients can use this to determine whether it is necessary to
     * calculate their state and call setState.
     *
     * @return True if this drawable changes its appearance based on state,
     *         false otherwise.
     * @see #setState(int[])
     */
    public boolean isStateful() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Specify a set of states for the drawable. These are use-case specific,
     * so see the relevant documentation. As an example, the background for
     * widgets like Button understand the following states:
     * [{@link android.R.attr#state_focused},
     *  {@link android.R.attr#state_pressed}].
     *
     * <p>If the new state you are supplying causes the appearance of the
     * Drawable to change, then it is responsible for calling
     * {@link #invalidateSelf} in order to have itself redrawn, <em>and</em>
     * true will be returned from this function.
     *
     * <p>Note: The Drawable holds a reference on to <var>stateSet</var>
     * until a new state array is given to it, so you must not modify this
     * array during that time.</p>
     *
     * @param stateSet The new set of states to be displayed.
     *
     * @return Returns true if this change in state has caused the appearance
     * of the Drawable to change (hence requiring an invalidate), otherwise
     * returns false.
     */
    public boolean setState(final int[] stateSet) {
        if (!Arrays.equals(mStateSet, stateSet)) {
            mStateSet = stateSet;
            return onStateChange(stateSet);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Describes the current state, as a union of primitve states, such as
     * {@link android.R.attr#state_focused},
     * {@link android.R.attr#state_selected}, etc.
     * Some drawables may modify their imagery based on the selected state.
     * @return An array of resource Ids describing the current state.
     */
    public int[] getState() {
        return mStateSet;
    }

    /**
     * If this Drawable does transition animations between states, ask that
     * it immediately jump to the current state and skip any active animations.
     */
    public void jumpToCurrentState() {
    }

    /**
     * @return The current drawable that will be used by this drawable. For simple drawables, this
     *         is just the drawable itself. For drawables that change state like
     *         {@link StateListDrawable} and {@link LevelListDrawable} this will be the child drawable
     *         currently in use.
     */
    public Drawable getCurrent() {
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Specify the level for the drawable.  This allows a drawable to vary its
     * imagery based on a continuous controller, for example to show progress
     * or volume level.
     *
     * <p>If the new level you are supplying causes the appearance of the
     * Drawable to change, then it is responsible for calling
     * {@link #invalidateSelf} in order to have itself redrawn, <em>and</em>
     * true will be returned from this function.
     *
     * @param level The new level, from 0 (minimum) to 10000 (maximum).
     *
     * @return Returns true if this change in level has caused the appearance
     * of the Drawable to change (hence requiring an invalidate), otherwise
     * returns false.
     */
    public final boolean setLevel(int level) {
        if (mLevel != level) {
            mLevel = level;
            return onLevelChange(level);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the current level.
     *
     * @return int Current level, from 0 (minimum) to 10000 (maximum).
     */
    public final int getLevel() {
        return mLevel;
    }

    /**
     * Set whether this Drawable is visible.  This generally does not impact
     * the Drawable's behavior, but is a hint that can be used by some
     * Drawables, for example, to decide whether run animations.
     *
     * @param visible Set to true if visible, false if not.
     * @param restart You can supply true here to force the drawable to behave
     *                as if it has just become visible, even if it had last
     *                been set visible.  Used for example to force animations
     *                to restart.
     *
     * @return boolean Returns true if the new visibility is different than
     *         its previous state.
     */
    public boolean setVisible(boolean visible, boolean restart) {
        boolean changed = mVisible != visible;
        if (changed) {
            mVisible = visible;
            invalidateSelf();
        }
        return changed;
    }

    public final boolean isVisible() {
        return mVisible;
    }

    /**
     * Set whether this Drawable is automatically mirrored when its layout direction is RTL
     * (right-to left). See {@link android.util.LayoutDirection}.
     *
     * @param mirrored Set to true if the Drawable should be mirrored, false if not.
     */
    public void setAutoMirrored(boolean mirrored) {
    }

    /**
     * Tells if this Drawable will be automatically mirrored  when its layout direction is RTL
     * right-to-left. See {@link android.util.LayoutDirection}.
     *
     * @return boolean Returns true if this Drawable will be automatically mirrored.
     */
    public boolean isAutoMirrored() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Applies the specified theme to this Drawable and its children.
     */
    public void applyTheme(@SuppressWarnings("unused") Theme t) {
    }

    public boolean canApplyTheme() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Return the opacity/transparency of this Drawable.  The returned value is
     * one of the abstract format constants in
     * {@link android.graphics.PixelFormat}:
     * {@link android.graphics.PixelFormat#UNKNOWN},
     * {@link android.graphics.PixelFormat#TRANSLUCENT},
     * {@link android.graphics.PixelFormat#TRANSPARENT}, or
     * {@link android.graphics.PixelFormat#OPAQUE}.
     *
     * <p>Generally a Drawable should be as conservative as possible with the
     * value it returns.  For example, if it contains multiple child drawables
     * and only shows one of them at a time, if only one of the children is
     * TRANSLUCENT and the others are OPAQUE then TRANSLUCENT should be
     * returned.  You can use the method {@link #resolveOpacity} to perform a
     * standard reduction of two opacities to the appropriate single output.
     *
     * <p>Note that the returned value does <em>not</em> take into account a
     * custom alpha or color filter that has been applied by the client through
     * the {@link #setAlpha} or {@link #setColorFilter} methods.
     *
     * @return int The opacity class of the Drawable.
     *
     * @see android.graphics.PixelFormat
     */
    public abstract int getOpacity();

    /**
     * Return the appropriate opacity value for two source opacities.  If
     * either is UNKNOWN, that is returned; else, if either is TRANSLUCENT,
     * that is returned; else, if either is TRANSPARENT, that is returned;
     * else, OPAQUE is returned.
     *
     * <p>This is to help in implementing {@link #getOpacity}.
     *
     * @param op1 One opacity value.
     * @param op2 Another opacity value.
     *
     * @return int The combined opacity value.
     *
     * @see #getOpacity
     */
    public static int resolveOpacity(int op1, int op2) {
        if (op1 == op2) {
            return op1;
        }
        if (op1 == PixelFormat.UNKNOWN || op2 == PixelFormat.UNKNOWN) {
            return PixelFormat.UNKNOWN;
        }
        if (op1 == PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT || op2 == PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT) {
            return PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;
        }
        if (op1 == PixelFormat.TRANSPARENT || op2 == PixelFormat.TRANSPARENT) {
            return PixelFormat.TRANSPARENT;
        }
        return PixelFormat.OPAQUE;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a Region representing the part of the Drawable that is completely
     * transparent.  This can be used to perform drawing operations, identifying
     * which parts of the target will not change when rendering the Drawable.
     * The default implementation returns null, indicating no transparent
     * region; subclasses can optionally override this to return an actual
     * Region if they want to supply this optimization information, but it is
     * not required that they do so.
     *
     * @return Returns null if the Drawables has no transparent region to
     * report, else a Region holding the parts of the Drawable's bounds that
     * are transparent.
     */
    public Region getTransparentRegion() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Override this in your subclass to change appearance if you recognize the
     * specified state.
     *
     * @return Returns true if the state change has caused the appearance of
     * the Drawable to change (that is, it needs to be drawn), else false
     * if it looks the same and there is no need to redraw it since its
     * last state.
     */
    protected boolean onStateChange(int[] state) { return false; }
    /** Override this in your subclass to change appearance if you vary based
     *  on level.
     * @return Returns true if the level change has caused the appearance of
     * the Drawable to change (that is, it needs to be drawn), else false
     * if it looks the same and there is no need to redraw it since its
     * last level.
     */
    protected boolean onLevelChange(int level) { return false; }
    /**
     * Override this in your subclass to change appearance if you vary based on
     * the bounds.
     */
    protected void onBoundsChange(Rect bounds) {}

    /**
     * Return the intrinsic width of the underlying drawable object.  Returns
     * -1 if it has no intrinsic width, such as with a solid color.
     */
    public int getIntrinsicWidth() {
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Return the intrinsic height of the underlying drawable object. Returns
     * -1 if it has no intrinsic height, such as with a solid color.
     */
    public int getIntrinsicHeight() {
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the minimum width suggested by this Drawable. If a View uses this
     * Drawable as a background, it is suggested that the View use at least this
     * value for its width. (There will be some scenarios where this will not be
     * possible.) This value should INCLUDE any padding.
     *
     * @return The minimum width suggested by this Drawable. If this Drawable
     *         doesn't have a suggested minimum width, 0 is returned.
     */
    public int getMinimumWidth() {
        final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
        return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the minimum height suggested by this Drawable. If a View uses this
     * Drawable as a background, it is suggested that the View use at least this
     * value for its height. (There will be some scenarios where this will not be
     * possible.) This value should INCLUDE any padding.
     *
     * @return The minimum height suggested by this Drawable. If this Drawable
     *         doesn't have a suggested minimum height, 0 is returned.
     */
    public int getMinimumHeight() {
        final int intrinsicHeight = getIntrinsicHeight();
        return intrinsicHeight > 0 ? intrinsicHeight : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Return in padding the insets suggested by this Drawable for placing
     * content inside the drawable's bounds. Positive values move toward the
     * center of the Drawable (set Rect.inset).
     *
     * @return true if this drawable actually has a padding, else false. When false is returned,
     * the padding is always set to 0.
     */
    public boolean getPadding(@NonNull Rect padding) {
        padding.set(0, 0, 0, 0);
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Return in insets the layout insets suggested by this Drawable for use with alignment
     * operations during layout.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public Insets getOpticalInsets() {
        return Insets.NONE;
    }

    /**
     * Called to get the drawable to populate the Outline that defines its drawing area.
     * <p>
     * This method is called by the default {@link android.view.ViewOutlineProvider} to define
     * the outline of the View.
     * <p>
     * The default behavior defines the outline to be the bounding rectangle of 0 alpha.
     * Subclasses that wish to convey a different shape or alpha value must override this method.
     *
     * @see android.view.View#setOutlineProvider(android.view.ViewOutlineProvider)
     */
    public void getOutline(@NonNull Outline outline) {
        outline.setRect(getBounds());
        outline.setAlpha(0);
    }

    /**
     * Make this drawable mutable. This operation cannot be reversed. A mutable
     * drawable is guaranteed to not share its state with any other drawable.
     * This is especially useful when you need to modify properties of drawables
     * loaded from resources. By default, all drawables instances loaded from
     * the same resource share a common state; if you modify the state of one
     * instance, all the other instances will receive the same modification.
     *
     * Calling this method on a mutable Drawable will have no effect.
     *
     * @return This drawable.
     * @see ConstantState
     * @see #getConstantState()
     */
    public Drawable mutate() {
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Clears the mutated state, allowing this drawable to be cached and
     * mutated again.
     * <p>
     * This is hidden because only framework drawables can be cached, so
     * custom drawables don't need to support constant state, mutate(), or
     * clearMutated().
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public void clearMutated() {
        // Default implementation is no-op.
    }

    /**
     * Create a drawable from an inputstream
     */
    public static Drawable createFromStream(InputStream is, String srcName) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, srcName != null ? srcName : "Unknown drawable");
        try {
            return createFromResourceStream(null, null, is, srcName);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a drawable from an inputstream, using the given resources and
     * value to determine density information.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromResourceStream(Resources res, TypedValue value,
            InputStream is, String srcName) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, srcName != null ? srcName : "Unknown drawable");
        try {
            return createFromResourceStream(res, value, is, srcName, null);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a drawable from an inputstream, using the given resources and
     * value to determine density information.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromResourceStream(Resources res, TypedValue value,
            InputStream is, String srcName, BitmapFactory.Options opts) {
        if (is == null) {
            return null;
        }

        /*  ugh. The decodeStream contract is that we have already allocated
            the pad rect, but if the bitmap does not had a ninepatch chunk,
            then the pad will be ignored. If we could change this to lazily
            alloc/assign the rect, we could avoid the GC churn of making new
            Rects only to drop them on the floor.
        */
        Rect pad = new Rect();

        // Special stuff for compatibility mode: if the target density is not
        // the same as the display density, but the resource -is- the same as
        // the display density, then don't scale it down to the target density.
        // This allows us to load the system's density-correct resources into
        // an application in compatibility mode, without scaling those down
        // to the compatibility density only to have them scaled back up when
        // drawn to the screen.
        if (opts == null) opts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        opts.inScreenDensity = res != null
                ? res.getDisplayMetrics().noncompatDensityDpi : DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEVICE;
        Bitmap  bm = BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(res, value, is, pad, opts);
        if (bm != null) {
            byte[] np = bm.getNinePatchChunk();
            if (np == null || !NinePatch.isNinePatchChunk(np)) {
                np = null;
                pad = null;
            }

            final Rect opticalInsets = new Rect();
            bm.getOpticalInsets(opticalInsets);
            return drawableFromBitmap(res, bm, np, pad, opticalInsets, srcName);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Create a drawable from an XML document. For more information on how to
     * create resources in XML, see
     * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/drawable-resource.html">Drawable Resources</a>.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromXml(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        return createFromXml(r, parser, null);
    }

    /**
     * Create a drawable from an XML document using an optional {@link Theme}.
     * For more information on how to create resources in XML, see
     * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/drawable-resource.html">Drawable Resources</a>.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromXml(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser, Theme theme)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);

        int type;
        while ((type=parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
            // Empty loop
        }

        if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
            throw new XmlPullParserException("No start tag found");
        }

        Drawable drawable = createFromXmlInner(r, parser, attrs, theme);

        if (drawable == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Unknown initial tag: " + parser.getName());
        }

        return drawable;
    }

    /**
     * Create from inside an XML document.  Called on a parser positioned at
     * a tag in an XML document, tries to create a Drawable from that tag.
     * Returns null if the tag is not a valid drawable.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromXmlInner(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        return createFromXmlInner(r, parser, attrs, null);
    }

    /**
     * Create a drawable from inside an XML document using an optional
     * {@link Theme}. Called on a parser positioned at a tag in an XML
     * document, tries to create a Drawable from that tag. Returns {@code null}
     * if the tag is not a valid drawable.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromXmlInner(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser, AttributeSet attrs,
            Theme theme) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        final Drawable drawable;

        final String name = parser.getName();
        if (name.equals("selector")) {
            drawable = new StateListDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("animated-selector")) {
            drawable = new AnimatedStateListDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("level-list")) {
            drawable = new LevelListDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("layer-list")) {
            drawable = new LayerDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("transition")) {
            drawable = new TransitionDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("ripple")) {
            drawable = new RippleDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("color")) {
            drawable = new ColorDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("shape")) {
            drawable = new GradientDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("vector")) {
            drawable = new VectorDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("animated-vector")) {
            drawable = new AnimatedVectorDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("scale")) {
            drawable = new ScaleDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("clip")) {
            drawable = new ClipDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("rotate")) {
            drawable = new RotateDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("animated-rotate")) {
            drawable = new AnimatedRotateDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("animation-list")) {
            drawable = new AnimationDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("inset")) {
            drawable = new InsetDrawable();
        } else if (name.equals("bitmap")) {
            //noinspection deprecation
            drawable = new BitmapDrawable(r);
            if (r != null) {
               ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).setTargetDensity(r.getDisplayMetrics());
            }
        } else if (name.equals("nine-patch")) {
            drawable = new NinePatchDrawable();
            if (r != null) {
                ((NinePatchDrawable) drawable).setTargetDensity(r.getDisplayMetrics());
             }
        } else {
            throw new XmlPullParserException(parser.getPositionDescription() +
                    ": invalid drawable tag " + name);
        }

        drawable.inflate(r, parser, attrs, theme);
        return drawable;
    }


    /**
     * Create a drawable from file path name.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromPath(String pathName) {
        if (pathName == null) {
            return null;
        }

        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, pathName);
        try {
            Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(pathName);
            if (bm != null) {
                return drawableFromBitmap(null, bm, null, null, null, pathName);
            }
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Inflate this Drawable from an XML resource. Does not apply a theme.
     *
     * @see #inflate(Resources, XmlPullParser, AttributeSet, Theme)
     */
    public void inflate(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        inflate(r, parser, attrs, null);
    }

    /**
     * Inflate this Drawable from an XML resource optionally styled by a theme.
     *
     * @param r Resources used to resolve attribute values
     * @param parser XML parser from which to inflate this Drawable
     * @param attrs Base set of attribute values
     * @param theme Theme to apply, may be null
     * @throws XmlPullParserException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void inflate(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser, AttributeSet attrs, Theme theme)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        final TypedArray a;
        if (theme != null) {
            a = theme.obtainStyledAttributes(
                    attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.Drawable, 0, 0);
        } else {
            a = r.obtainAttributes(attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.Drawable);
        }

        inflateWithAttributes(r, parser, a, com.android.internal.R.styleable.Drawable_visible);
        a.recycle();
    }

    /**
     * Inflate a Drawable from an XML resource.
     *
     * @throws XmlPullParserException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    void inflateWithAttributes(Resources r, XmlPullParser parser, TypedArray attrs, int visibleAttr)
            throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        mVisible = attrs.getBoolean(visibleAttr, mVisible);
    }

    /**
     * This abstract class is used by {@link Drawable}s to store shared constant state and data
     * between Drawables. {@link BitmapDrawable}s created from the same resource will for instance
     * share a unique bitmap stored in their ConstantState.
     *
     * <p>
     * {@link #newDrawable(Resources)} can be used as a factory to create new Drawable instances
     * from this ConstantState.
     * </p>
     *
     * Use {@link Drawable#getConstantState()} to retrieve the ConstantState of a Drawable. Calling
     * {@link Drawable#mutate()} on a Drawable should typically create a new ConstantState for that
     * Drawable.
     */
    public static abstract class ConstantState {
        /**
         * Create a new drawable without supplying resources the caller
         * is running in.  Note that using this means the density-dependent
         * drawables (like bitmaps) will not be able to update their target
         * density correctly. One should use {@link #newDrawable(Resources)}
         * instead to provide a resource.
         */
        public abstract Drawable newDrawable();

        /**
         * Create a new Drawable instance from its constant state.  This
         * must be implemented for drawables that change based on the target
         * density of their caller (that is depending on whether it is
         * in compatibility mode).
         */
        public Drawable newDrawable(Resources res) {
            return newDrawable();
        }

        /**
         * Create a new Drawable instance from its constant state. This must be
         * implemented for drawables that can have a theme applied.
         */
        public Drawable newDrawable(Resources res, Theme theme) {
            return newDrawable(null);
        }

        /**
         * Return a bit mask of configuration changes that will impact
         * this drawable (and thus require completely reloading it).
         */
        public abstract int getChangingConfigurations();

        /**
         * @hide
         */
        public Bitmap getBitmap() {
            return null;
        }

        /**
         * Return whether this constant state can have a theme applied.
         */
        public boolean canApplyTheme() {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return a {@link ConstantState} instance that holds the shared state of this Drawable.
     *
     * @return The ConstantState associated to that Drawable.
     * @see ConstantState
     * @see Drawable#mutate()
     */
    public ConstantState getConstantState() {
        return null;
    }

    private static Drawable drawableFromBitmap(Resources res, Bitmap bm, byte[] np,
            Rect pad, Rect layoutBounds, String srcName) {

        if (np != null) {
            return new NinePatchDrawable(res, bm, np, pad, layoutBounds, srcName);
        }

        return new BitmapDrawable(res, bm);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures the tint filter is consistent with the current tint color and
     * mode.
     */
    PorterDuffColorFilter updateTintFilter(PorterDuffColorFilter tintFilter, ColorStateList tint,
            PorterDuff.Mode tintMode) {
        if (tint == null || tintMode == null) {
            return null;
        }

        final int color = tint.getColorForState(getState(), Color.TRANSPARENT);
        if (tintFilter == null) {
            return new PorterDuffColorFilter(color, tintMode);
        }

        tintFilter.setColor(color);
        tintFilter.setMode(tintMode);
        return tintFilter;
    }

    /**
     * Obtains styled attributes from the theme, if available, or unstyled
     * resources if the theme is null.
     */
    static TypedArray obtainAttributes(
            Resources res, Theme theme, AttributeSet set, int[] attrs) {
        if (theme == null) {
            return res.obtainAttributes(set, attrs);
        }
        return theme.obtainStyledAttributes(set, attrs, 0, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Parses a {@link android.graphics.PorterDuff.Mode} from a tintMode
     * attribute's enum value.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public static PorterDuff.Mode parseTintMode(int value, Mode defaultMode) {
        switch (value) {
            case 3: return Mode.SRC_OVER;
            case 5: return Mode.SRC_IN;
            case 9: return Mode.SRC_ATOP;
            case 14: return Mode.MULTIPLY;
            case 15: return Mode.SCREEN;
            case 16: return Mode.ADD;
            default: return defaultMode;
        }
    }
}