v4/content/ContextCompat.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.support.v4.content;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
import android.content.res.ColorStateList;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Process;
import android.support.annotation.ColorInt;
import android.support.annotation.ColorRes;
import android.support.annotation.DrawableRes;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityOptionsCompat;
import android.support.v4.os.BuildCompat;
import android.support.v4.os.EnvironmentCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.TypedValue;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * Helper for accessing features in {@link android.content.Context}
 * introduced after API level 4 in a backwards compatible fashion.
 */
public class ContextCompat {
    private static final String TAG = "ContextCompat";

    private static final Object sLock = new Object();

    private static TypedValue sTempValue;

    /**
     * This class should not be instantiated, but the constructor must be
     * visible for the class to be extended (ex. in ActivityCompat).
     */
    protected ContextCompat() {
        // Not publicly instantiable, but may be extended.
    }

    /**
     * Start a set of activities as a synthesized task stack, if able.
     *
     * <p>In API level 11 (Android 3.0/Honeycomb) the recommended conventions for
     * app navigation using the back key changed. The back key's behavior is local
     * to the current task and does not capture navigation across different tasks.
     * Navigating across tasks and easily reaching the previous task is accomplished
     * through the "recents" UI, accessible through the software-provided Recents key
     * on the navigation or system bar. On devices with the older hardware button configuration
     * the recents UI can be accessed with a long press on the Home key.</p>
     *
     * <p>When crossing from one task stack to another post-Android 3.0,
     * the application should synthesize a back stack/history for the new task so that
     * the user may navigate out of the new task and back to the Launcher by repeated
     * presses of the back key. Back key presses should not navigate across task stacks.</p>
     *
     * <p>startActivities provides a mechanism for constructing a synthetic task stack of
     * multiple activities. If the underlying API is not available on the system this method
     * will return false.</p>
     *
     * @param context Start activities using this activity as the starting context
     * @param intents Array of intents defining the activities that will be started. The element
     *                length-1 will correspond to the top activity on the resulting task stack.
     * @return true if the underlying API was available and the call was successful, false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean startActivities(Context context, Intent[] intents) {
        return startActivities(context, intents, null);
    }

    /**
     * Start a set of activities as a synthesized task stack, if able.
     *
     * <p>In API level 11 (Android 3.0/Honeycomb) the recommended conventions for
     * app navigation using the back key changed. The back key's behavior is local
     * to the current task and does not capture navigation across different tasks.
     * Navigating across tasks and easily reaching the previous task is accomplished
     * through the "recents" UI, accessible through the software-provided Recents key
     * on the navigation or system bar. On devices with the older hardware button configuration
     * the recents UI can be accessed with a long press on the Home key.</p>
     *
     * <p>When crossing from one task stack to another post-Android 3.0,
     * the application should synthesize a back stack/history for the new task so that
     * the user may navigate out of the new task and back to the Launcher by repeated
     * presses of the back key. Back key presses should not navigate across task stacks.</p>
     *
     * <p>startActivities provides a mechanism for constructing a synthetic task stack of
     * multiple activities. If the underlying API is not available on the system this method
     * will return false.</p>
     *
     * @param context Start activities using this activity as the starting context
     * @param intents Array of intents defining the activities that will be started. The element
     *                length-1 will correspond to the top activity on the resulting task stack.
     * @param options Additional options for how the Activity should be started.
     * See {@link android.content.Context#startActivity(Intent, android.os.Bundle)}
     * @return true if the underlying API was available and the call was successful, false otherwise
     */
    public static boolean startActivities(Context context, Intent[] intents, Bundle options) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 16) {
            context.startActivities(intents, options);
        } else {
            context.startActivities(intents);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Start an activity with additional launch information, if able.
     *
     * <p>In Android 4.1+ additional options were introduced to allow for more
     * control on activity launch animations. Applications can use this method
     * along with {@link ActivityOptionsCompat} to use these animations when
     * available. When run on versions of the platform where this feature does
     * not exist the activity will be launched normally.</p>
     *
     * @param context Context to launch activity from.
     * @param intent The description of the activity to start.
     * @param options Additional options for how the Activity should be started.
     *                May be null if there are no options. See
     *                {@link ActivityOptionsCompat} for how to build the Bundle
     *                supplied here; there are no supported definitions for
     *                building it manually.
     */
    public static void startActivity(Context context, Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 16) {
            context.startActivity(intent, options);
        } else {
            context.startActivity(intent);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the absolute path to the directory on the filesystem where all
     * private files belonging to this app are stored. Apps should not use this
     * path directly; they should instead use {@link Context#getFilesDir()},
     * {@link Context#getCacheDir()}, {@link Context#getDir(String, int)}, or
     * other storage APIs on {@link Context}.
     * <p>
     * The returned path may change over time if the calling app is moved to an
     * adopted storage device, so only relative paths should be persisted.
     * <p>
     * No additional permissions are required for the calling app to read or
     * write files under the returned path.
     *
     * @see ApplicationInfo#dataDir
     */
    public static File getDataDir(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
            return context.getDataDir();
        } else {
            final String dataDir = context.getApplicationInfo().dataDir;
            return dataDir != null ? new File(dataDir) : null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns absolute paths to application-specific directories on all
     * external storage devices where the application's OBB files (if there are
     * any) can be found. Note if the application does not have any OBB files,
     * these directories may not exist.
     * <p>
     * This is like {@link Context#getFilesDir()} in that these files will be
     * deleted when the application is uninstalled, however there are some
     * important differences:
     * <ul>
     * <li>External files are not always available: they will disappear if the
     * user mounts the external storage on a computer or removes it.
     * <li>There is no security enforced with these files.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * External storage devices returned here are considered a permanent part of
     * the device, including both emulated external storage and physical media
     * slots, such as SD cards in a battery compartment. The returned paths do
     * not include transient devices, such as USB flash drives.
     * <p>
     * An application may store data on any or all of the returned devices. For
     * example, an app may choose to store large files on the device with the
     * most available space, as measured by {@link android.os.StatFs}.
     * <p>
     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT}, no permissions
     * are required to write to the returned paths; they're always accessible to
     * the calling app. Before then,
     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} is required to
     * write. Write access outside of these paths on secondary external storage
     * devices is not available. To request external storage access in a
     * backwards compatible way, consider using {@code android:maxSdkVersion}
     * like this:
     *
     * <pre class="prettyprint">&lt;uses-permission
     *     android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
     *     android:maxSdkVersion="18" /&gt;</pre>
     * <p>
     * The first path returned is the same as {@link Context#getObbDir()}.
     * Returned paths may be {@code null} if a storage device is unavailable.
     *
     * @see Context#getObbDir()
     * @see EnvironmentCompat#getStorageState(File)
     */
    public static File[] getObbDirs(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
            return context.getObbDirs();
        } else {
            return new File[] { context.getObbDir() };
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns absolute paths to application-specific directories on all
     * external storage devices where the application can place persistent files
     * it owns. These files are internal to the application, and not typically
     * visible to the user as media.
     * <p>
     * This is like {@link Context#getFilesDir()} in that these files will be
     * deleted when the application is uninstalled, however there are some
     * important differences:
     * <ul>
     * <li>External files are not always available: they will disappear if the
     * user mounts the external storage on a computer or removes it.
     * <li>There is no security enforced with these files.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * External storage devices returned here are considered a permanent part of
     * the device, including both emulated external storage and physical media
     * slots, such as SD cards in a battery compartment. The returned paths do
     * not include transient devices, such as USB flash drives.
     * <p>
     * An application may store data on any or all of the returned devices. For
     * example, an app may choose to store large files on the device with the
     * most available space, as measured by {@link android.os.StatFs}.
     * <p>
     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT}, no permissions
     * are required to write to the returned paths; they're always accessible to
     * the calling app. Before then,
     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} is required to
     * write. Write access outside of these paths on secondary external storage
     * devices is not available. To request external storage access in a
     * backwards compatible way, consider using {@code android:maxSdkVersion}
     * like this:
     *
     * <pre class="prettyprint">&lt;uses-permission
     *     android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
     *     android:maxSdkVersion="18" /&gt;</pre>
     * <p>
     * The first path returned is the same as
     * {@link Context#getExternalFilesDir(String)}. Returned paths may be
     * {@code null} if a storage device is unavailable.
     *
     * @see Context#getExternalFilesDir(String)
     * @see EnvironmentCompat#getStorageState(File)
     */
    public static File[] getExternalFilesDirs(Context context, String type) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
            return context.getExternalFilesDirs(type);
        } else {
            return new File[] { context.getExternalFilesDir(type) };
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns absolute paths to application-specific directories on all
     * external storage devices where the application can place cache files it
     * owns. These files are internal to the application, and not typically
     * visible to the user as media.
     * <p>
     * This is like {@link Context#getCacheDir()} in that these files will be
     * deleted when the application is uninstalled, however there are some
     * important differences:
     * <ul>
     * <li>External files are not always available: they will disappear if the
     * user mounts the external storage on a computer or removes it.
     * <li>There is no security enforced with these files.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * External storage devices returned here are considered a permanent part of
     * the device, including both emulated external storage and physical media
     * slots, such as SD cards in a battery compartment. The returned paths do
     * not include transient devices, such as USB flash drives.
     * <p>
     * An application may store data on any or all of the returned devices. For
     * example, an app may choose to store large files on the device with the
     * most available space, as measured by {@link android.os.StatFs}.
     * <p>
     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#KITKAT}, no permissions
     * are required to write to the returned paths; they're always accessible to
     * the calling app. Before then,
     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} is required to
     * write. Write access outside of these paths on secondary external storage
     * devices is not available. To request external storage access in a
     * backwards compatible way, consider using {@code android:maxSdkVersion}
     * like this:
     *
     * <pre class="prettyprint">&lt;uses-permission
     *     android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
     *     android:maxSdkVersion="18" /&gt;</pre>
     * <p>
     * The first path returned is the same as
     * {@link Context#getExternalCacheDir()}. Returned paths may be {@code null}
     * if a storage device is unavailable.
     *
     * @see Context#getExternalCacheDir()
     * @see EnvironmentCompat#getStorageState(File)
     */
    public static File[] getExternalCacheDirs(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
            return context.getExternalCacheDirs();
        } else {
            return new File[] { context.getExternalCacheDir() };
        }
    }

    private static File buildPath(File base, String... segments) {
        File cur = base;
        for (String segment : segments) {
            if (cur == null) {
                cur = new File(segment);
            } else if (segment != null) {
                cur = new File(cur, segment);
            }
        }
        return cur;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a drawable object associated with a particular resource ID.
     * <p>
     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#LOLLIPOP}, the
     * returned drawable will be styled for the specified Context's theme.
     *
     * @param id The desired resource identifier, as generated by the aapt tool.
     *           This integer encodes the package, type, and resource entry.
     *           The value 0 is an invalid identifier.
     * @return Drawable An object that can be used to draw this resource.
     */
    public static final Drawable getDrawable(Context context, @DrawableRes int id) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
            return context.getDrawable(id);
        } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 16) {
            return context.getResources().getDrawable(id);
        } else {
            // Prior to JELLY_BEAN, Resources.getDrawable() would not correctly
            // retrieve the final configuration density when the resource ID
            // is a reference another Drawable resource. As a workaround, try
            // to resolve the drawable reference manually.
            final int resolvedId;
            synchronized (sLock) {
                if (sTempValue == null) {
                    sTempValue = new TypedValue();
                }
                context.getResources().getValue(id, sTempValue, true);
                resolvedId = sTempValue.resourceId;
            }
            return context.getResources().getDrawable(resolvedId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a color state list associated with a particular resource ID.
     * <p>
     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#M}, the returned
     * color state list will be styled for the specified Context's theme.
     *
     * @param id The desired resource identifier, as generated by the aapt
     *           tool. This integer encodes the package, type, and resource
     *           entry. The value 0 is an invalid identifier.
     * @return A color state list, or {@code null} if the resource could not be
     *         resolved.
     * @throws android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException if the given ID
     *         does not exist.
     */
    public static final ColorStateList getColorStateList(Context context, @ColorRes int id) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            return context.getColorStateList(id);
        } else {
            return context.getResources().getColorStateList(id);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a color associated with a particular resource ID
     * <p>
     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#M}, the returned
     * color will be styled for the specified Context's theme.
     *
     * @param id The desired resource identifier, as generated by the aapt
     *           tool. This integer encodes the package, type, and resource
     *           entry. The value 0 is an invalid identifier.
     * @return A single color value in the form 0xAARRGGBB.
     * @throws android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException if the given ID
     *         does not exist.
     */
    @ColorInt
    public static final int getColor(Context context, @ColorRes int id) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            return context.getColor(id);
        } else {
            return context.getResources().getColor(id);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether <em>you</em> have been granted a particular permission.
     *
     * @param permission The name of the permission being checked.
     *
     * @return {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#PERMISSION_GRANTED} if you have the
     * permission, or {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#PERMISSION_DENIED} if not.
     *
     * @see android.content.pm.PackageManager#checkPermission(String, String)
     */
    public static int checkSelfPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission) {
        if (permission == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null");
        }

        return context.checkPermission(permission, android.os.Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the absolute path to the directory on the filesystem similar to
     * {@link Context#getFilesDir()}.  The difference is that files placed under this
     * directory will be excluded from automatic backup to remote storage on
     * devices running {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#LOLLIPOP} or later.
     *
     * <p>No permissions are required to read or write to the returned path, since this
     * path is internal storage.
     *
     * @return The path of the directory holding application files that will not be
     *         automatically backed up to remote storage.
     *
     * @see android.content.Context#getFilesDir()
     */
    public static final File getNoBackupFilesDir(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
            return context.getNoBackupFilesDir();
        } else {
            ApplicationInfo appInfo = context.getApplicationInfo();
            return createFilesDir(new File(appInfo.dataDir, "no_backup"));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the absolute path to the application specific cache directory on
     * the filesystem designed for storing cached code. On devices running
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#LOLLIPOP} or later, the system will delete
     * any files stored in this location both when your specific application is
     * upgraded, and when the entire platform is upgraded.
     * <p>
     * This location is optimal for storing compiled or optimized code generated
     * by your application at runtime.
     * <p>
     * Apps require no extra permissions to read or write to the returned path,
     * since this path lives in their private storage.
     *
     * @return The path of the directory holding application code cache files.
     */
    public static File getCodeCacheDir(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
            return context.getCodeCacheDir();
        } else {
            ApplicationInfo appInfo = context.getApplicationInfo();
            return createFilesDir(new File(appInfo.dataDir, "code_cache"));
        }
    }

    private synchronized static File createFilesDir(File file) {
        if (!file.exists()) {
            if (!file.mkdirs()) {
                if (file.exists()) {
                    // spurious failure; probably racing with another process for this app
                    return file;
                }
                Log.w(TAG, "Unable to create files subdir " + file.getPath());
                return null;
            }
        }
        return file;
    }

    /**
     * Return a new Context object for the current Context but whose storage
     * APIs are backed by device-protected storage.
     * <p>
     * On devices with direct boot, data stored in this location is encrypted
     * with a key tied to the physical device, and it can be accessed
     * immediately after the device has booted successfully, both
     * <em>before and after</em> the user has authenticated with their
     * credentials (such as a lock pattern or PIN).
     * <p>
     * Because device-protected data is available without user authentication,
     * you should carefully limit the data you store using this Context. For
     * example, storing sensitive authentication tokens or passwords in the
     * device-protected area is strongly discouraged.
     * <p>
     * If the underlying device does not have the ability to store
     * device-protected and credential-protected data using different keys, then
     * both storage areas will become available at the same time. They remain as
     * two distinct storage locations on disk, and only the window of
     * availability changes.
     * <p>
     * Each call to this method returns a new instance of a Context object;
     * Context objects are not shared, however common state (ClassLoader, other
     * Resources for the same configuration) may be so the Context itself can be
     * fairly lightweight.
     * <p>
     * Prior to API 24 this method returns
     * {@code null}, since device-protected storage is not available.
     *
     * @see ContextCompat#isDeviceProtectedStorage(Context)
     */
    public static Context createDeviceProtectedStorageContext(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
            return context.createDeviceProtectedStorageContext();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Indicates if the storage APIs of this Context are backed by
     * device-encrypted storage.
     *
     * @see ContextCompat#createDeviceProtectedStorageContext(Context)
     */
    public static boolean isDeviceProtectedStorage(Context context) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
            return context.isDeviceProtectedStorage();
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * startForegroundService() was introduced in O, just call startService
     * for before O.
     *
     * @param context Context to start Service from.
     * @param intent The description of the Service to start.
     *
     * @see Context#startForegeroundService()
     * @see Context#startService()
     */
    public static void startForegroundService(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (BuildCompat.isAtLeastO()) {
            context.startForegroundService(intent);
        } else {
            // Pre-O behavior.
            context.startService(intent);
        }
    }
}