14adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao# A lot of failures in these tests on Mac OS X.
24adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao# Byte order related?
34adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
44adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaoimport unittest
54adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaofrom ctypes import *
64adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
74adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaoimport _ctypes_test
84adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
94adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaoclass CFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
104adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    _dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__)
114adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
124adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def S(self):
134adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        return c_longlong.in_dll(self._dll, "last_tf_arg_s").value
144adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def U(self):
154adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        return c_ulonglong.in_dll(self._dll, "last_tf_arg_u").value
164adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
174adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_byte(self):
184adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_b.restype = c_byte
194adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_b.argtypes = (c_byte,)
204adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_b(-126), -42)
214adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -126)
224adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
234adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_byte_plus(self):
244adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bb.restype = c_byte
254adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bb.argtypes = (c_byte, c_byte)
264adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bb(0, -126), -42)
274adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -126)
284adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
294adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ubyte(self):
304adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_B.restype = c_ubyte
314adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_B.argtypes = (c_ubyte,)
324adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_B(255), 85)
334adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 255)
344adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
354adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ubyte_plus(self):
364adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bB.restype = c_ubyte
374adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bB.argtypes = (c_byte, c_ubyte)
384adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bB(0, 255), 85)
394adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 255)
404adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
414adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_short(self):
424adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_h.restype = c_short
434adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_h.argtypes = (c_short,)
444adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_h(-32766), -10922)
454adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -32766)
464adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
474adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_short_plus(self):
484adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bh.restype = c_short
494adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bh.argtypes = (c_byte, c_short)
504adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bh(0, -32766), -10922)
514adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -32766)
524adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
534adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ushort(self):
544adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_H.restype = c_ushort
554adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_H.argtypes = (c_ushort,)
564adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_H(65535), 21845)
574adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 65535)
584adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
594adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ushort_plus(self):
604adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bH.restype = c_ushort
614adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bH.argtypes = (c_byte, c_ushort)
624adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bH(0, 65535), 21845)
634adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 65535)
644adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
654adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_int(self):
664adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_i.restype = c_int
674adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_i.argtypes = (c_int,)
684adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_i(-2147483646), -715827882)
694adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -2147483646)
704adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
714adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_int_plus(self):
724adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bi.restype = c_int
734adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bi.argtypes = (c_byte, c_int)
744adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bi(0, -2147483646), -715827882)
754adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -2147483646)
764adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
774adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_uint(self):
784adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_I.restype = c_uint
794adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_I.argtypes = (c_uint,)
804adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_I(4294967295), 1431655765)
814adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 4294967295)
824adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
834adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_uint_plus(self):
844adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bI.restype = c_uint
854adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bI.argtypes = (c_byte, c_uint)
864adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bI(0, 4294967295), 1431655765)
874adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 4294967295)
884adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
894adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_long(self):
904adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_l.restype = c_long
914adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_l.argtypes = (c_long,)
924adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_l(-2147483646), -715827882)
934adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -2147483646)
944adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
954adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_long_plus(self):
964adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bl.restype = c_long
974adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bl.argtypes = (c_byte, c_long)
984adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bl(0, -2147483646), -715827882)
994adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -2147483646)
1004adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1014adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ulong(self):
1024adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_L.restype = c_ulong
1034adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_L.argtypes = (c_ulong,)
1044adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_L(4294967295), 1431655765)
1054adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 4294967295)
1064adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1074adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ulong_plus(self):
1084adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bL.restype = c_ulong
1094adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bL.argtypes = (c_char, c_ulong)
1104adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bL(' ', 4294967295), 1431655765)
1114adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 4294967295)
1124adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1134adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_longlong(self):
1144adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_q.restype = c_longlong
1154adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_q.argtypes = (c_longlong, )
1164adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_q(-9223372036854775806), -3074457345618258602)
1174adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -9223372036854775806)
1184adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1194adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_longlong_plus(self):
1204adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bq.restype = c_longlong
1214adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bq.argtypes = (c_byte, c_longlong)
1224adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bq(0, -9223372036854775806), -3074457345618258602)
1234adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -9223372036854775806)
1244adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1254adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ulonglong(self):
1264adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_Q.restype = c_ulonglong
1274adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_Q.argtypes = (c_ulonglong, )
1284adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_Q(18446744073709551615), 6148914691236517205)
1294adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 18446744073709551615)
1304adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1314adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_ulonglong_plus(self):
1324adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bQ.restype = c_ulonglong
1334adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bQ.argtypes = (c_byte, c_ulonglong)
1344adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bQ(0, 18446744073709551615), 6148914691236517205)
1354adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.U(), 18446744073709551615)
1364adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1374adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_float(self):
1384adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_f.restype = c_float
1394adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_f.argtypes = (c_float,)
1404adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_f(-42.), -14.)
1414adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -42)
1424adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1434adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_float_plus(self):
1444adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bf.restype = c_float
1454adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bf.argtypes = (c_byte, c_float)
1464adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bf(0, -42.), -14.)
1474adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -42)
1484adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1494adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_double(self):
1504adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_d.restype = c_double
1514adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_d.argtypes = (c_double,)
1524adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_d(42.), 14.)
1534adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), 42)
1544adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1554adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_double_plus(self):
1564adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bd.restype = c_double
1574adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bd.argtypes = (c_byte, c_double)
1584adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bd(0, 42.), 14.)
1594adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), 42)
1604adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1614adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_longdouble(self):
1624adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_D.restype = c_longdouble
1634adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_D.argtypes = (c_longdouble,)
1644adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_D(42.), 14.)
1654adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), 42)
1664adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1674adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_longdouble_plus(self):
1684adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bD.restype = c_longdouble
1694adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_bD.argtypes = (c_byte, c_longdouble)
1704adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_bD(0, 42.), 14.)
1714adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), 42)
1724adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1734adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_callwithresult(self):
1744adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        def process_result(result):
1754adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao            return result * 2
1764adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_i.restype = process_result
1774adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tf_i.argtypes = (c_int,)
1784adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_i(42), 28)
1794adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), 42)
1804adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tf_i(-42), -28)
1814adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -42)
1824adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1834adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    def test_void(self):
1844adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tv_i.restype = None
1854adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self._dll.tv_i.argtypes = (c_int,)
1864adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tv_i(42), None)
1874adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), 42)
1884adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self._dll.tv_i(-42), None)
1894adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        self.assertEqual(self.S(), -42)
1904adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
1914adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao# The following repeates the above tests with stdcall functions (where
1924adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao# they are available)
1934adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaotry:
1944adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    WinDLL
1954adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaoexcept NameError:
1964adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    pass
1974adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaoelse:
1984adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    class stdcall_dll(WinDLL):
1994adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        def __getattr__(self, name):
2004adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao            if name[:2] == '__' and name[-2:] == '__':
2014adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao                raise AttributeError(name)
2024adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao            func = self._FuncPtr(("s_" + name, self))
2034adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao            setattr(self, name, func)
2044adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao            return func
2054adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
2064adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    class stdcallCFunctions(CFunctions):
2074adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        _dll = stdcall_dll(_ctypes_test.__file__)
2084adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao        pass
2094adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao
2104adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gaoif __name__ == '__main__':
2114adfde8bc82dd39f59e0445588c3e599ada477dJosh Gao    unittest.main()
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