newfs_msdos.c revision aa907768af7ba9e29901d356cdcac6a436970323
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28#ifndef lint 29static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c,v 1.33 2009/04/11 14:56:29 ed Exp $"; 31#endif /* not lint */ 32 33#include <sys/param.h> 34 35#ifndef ANDROID 36 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 37 #include <sys/disk.h> 38 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 39 #include <sys/mount.h> 40#else 41 #include <stdarg.h> 42 #include <linux/fs.h> 43 #include <linux/hdreg.h> 44#endif 45 46#include <sys/stat.h> 47#include <sys/time.h> 48 49#include <ctype.h> 50#include <err.h> 51#include <errno.h> 52#include <fcntl.h> 53#include <inttypes.h> 54#include <paths.h> 55#include <stdio.h> 56#include <stdlib.h> 57#include <string.h> 58#include <time.h> 59#include <unistd.h> 60 61#define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 62#define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 63#define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 64 65#define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 66#define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 67#define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 68#define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 69#define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 70#define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 71#define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 72#define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 73#define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 74#define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 75#define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 76#define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 77#define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 78#define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 79 80#define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 81 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 82 MINCLS32) 83 84#define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 85 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 86 MAXCLS32) 87 88#define mk1(p, x) \ 89 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 90 91#define mk2(p, x) \ 92 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 93 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 94 95#define mk4(p, x) \ 96 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 97 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 98 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 99 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 100 101#define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 102#define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 103#define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 104#define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 105 106struct bs { 107 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 108 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 109}; 110 111struct bsbpb { 112 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 113 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 114 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 115 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 116 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 117 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 118 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 119 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 121 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 122 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 123 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 124}; 125 126struct bsxbpb { 127 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 128 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 129 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 130 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 131 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 132 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 133 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 134}; 135 136struct bsx { 137 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 140 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 141 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 142 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 143}; 144 145struct de { 146 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 147 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 148 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 149 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 150 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 151 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 152 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 153}; 154 155struct bpb { 156 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 157 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 158 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 159 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 160 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 161 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 162 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 163 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 164 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 165 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 166 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 167 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 168 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 169 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 170 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 171 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 172}; 173 174#define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 175 176static struct { 177 const char *name; 178 struct bpb bpb; 179} const stdfmt[] = { 180 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 188 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 189 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 190}; 191 192static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 193 0xfa, /* cli */ 194 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 195 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 196 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 197 0xfb, /* sti */ 198 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 199 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 200 0x5e, /* pop si */ 201 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 202 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 203 0xfc, /* cld */ 204 0xac, /* lodsb */ 205 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 206 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 207 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 208 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 209 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 210 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 211 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 212 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 213 0x0d, 0x0a, 214 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 215 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 216 0x0d, 0x0a, 217 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 218 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 219 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 220 0x0d, 0x0a, 221 0 222}; 223 224static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 225static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 226static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 227 struct bpb *); 228static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 229static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 230static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 231static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 232static int oklabel(const char *); 233static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 234static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 235static void usage(void); 236 237/* 238 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 239 */ 240int 241newfs_msdos_main(int argc, char *argv[]) 242{ 243 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 244 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 245 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 246 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 247 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 248 int opt_N = 0; 249 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 250 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 251 struct stat sb; 252 struct timeval tv; 253 struct bpb bpb; 254 struct tm *tm; 255 struct bs *bs; 256 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 257 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 258 struct bsx *bsx; 259 struct de *de; 260 u_int8_t *img; 261 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 262 ssize_t n; 263 time_t now; 264 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 265 int ch, fd, fd1; 266 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 267 268 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 269 switch (ch) { 270 case '@': 271 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 272 break; 273 case 'N': 274 opt_N = 1; 275 break; 276 case 'B': 277 opt_B = optarg; 278 break; 279 case 'C': 280 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 281 break; 282 case 'F': 283 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 284 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 285 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 286 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 287 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 288 break; 289 case 'I': 290 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 291 Iflag = 1; 292 break; 293 case 'L': 294 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 295 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 296 opt_L = optarg; 297 break; 298 case 'O': 299 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 300 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 301 opt_O = optarg; 302 break; 303 case 'S': 304 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 305 break; 306 case 'a': 307 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 308 break; 309 case 'b': 310 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 311 opt_c = 0; 312 break; 313 case 'c': 314 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 315 opt_b = 0; 316 break; 317 case 'e': 318 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 319 break; 320 case 'f': 321 opt_f = optarg; 322 break; 323 case 'h': 324 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 325 break; 326 case 'i': 327 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 328 break; 329 case 'k': 330 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 331 break; 332 case 'm': 333 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 334 mflag = 1; 335 break; 336 case 'n': 337 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 338 break; 339 case 'o': 340 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 341 oflag = 1; 342 break; 343 case 'r': 344 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 345 break; 346 case 's': 347 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 348 break; 349 case 'u': 350 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 351 break; 352 default: 353 usage(); 354 } 355 argc -= optind; 356 argv += optind; 357 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 358 usage(); 359 fname = *argv++; 360 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 361 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 362 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 363 err(1, "%s", buf); 364 } 365 dtype = *argv; 366 if (opt_create) { 367 if (opt_N) 368 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 369 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 370 if (fd == -1) 371 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 372 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 373 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 374 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 375 err(1, "%s", fname); 376 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 377 err(1, "%s", fname); 378 if (opt_create) { 379 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 380 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 381 } else { 382 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 383 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 384 } 385 if (!opt_N) 386 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 387 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 388 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 389 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 390 if (opt_f) { 391 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 392 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 393 bpb.sec = 0; 394 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 395 bpb.spf = 0; 396 } 397 if (opt_h) 398 bpb.hds = opt_h; 399 if (opt_u) 400 bpb.spt = opt_u; 401 if (opt_S) 402 bpb.bps = opt_S; 403 if (opt_s) 404 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 405 if (oflag) 406 bpb.hid = opt_o; 407 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 408 off_t delta; 409 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 410 if (opt_s) { 411 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 412 } 413 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 414 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 415 if (delta != 0) { 416 warnx("trim %d sectors from %d to adjust to a multiple of %d", 417 (int)delta, bpb.bsec, bpb.spt); 418 bpb.bsec -= delta; 419 } 420 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 421 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 422 bpb.spc = 1; 423 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 424 bpb.spc = 8; 425 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 426 bpb.spc = 16; 427 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<22)) /* 2G -> 16k, some versions of windows 428 require a minimum of 65527 clusters */ 429 bpb.spc = 32; 430 else 431 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 432 } 433 } 434 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 435 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 436 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 437 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 438 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 439 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 440 if (opt_f) 441 fat = 12; 442 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 443 fat = 32; 444 } 445 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 446 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 447 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 448 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 449 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 450 bpb.rde = 0; 451 if (opt_b) { 452 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 453 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 454 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 455 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 456 opt_b, bpb.bps); 457 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 458 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 459 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 460 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 461 } 462 if (opt_c) { 463 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 464 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 465 bpb.spc = opt_c; 466 } 467 if (opt_r) 468 bpb.res = opt_r; 469 if (opt_n) { 470 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 471 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 472 opt_n, MAXNFT); 473 bpb.nft = opt_n; 474 } 475 if (opt_e) 476 bpb.rde = opt_e; 477 if (mflag) { 478 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 479 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 480 bpb.mid = opt_m; 481 } 482 if (opt_a) 483 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 484 if (opt_i) 485 bpb.infs = opt_i; 486 if (opt_k) 487 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 488 bss = 1; 489 bname = NULL; 490 fd1 = -1; 491 if (opt_B) { 492 bname = opt_B; 493 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 494 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 495 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 496 err(1, "%s", buf); 497 } 498 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 499 err(1, "%s", bname); 500 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 501 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 502 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 503 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 504 } 505 if (!bpb.nft) 506 bpb.nft = 2; 507 if (!fat) { 508 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 509 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 510 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 511 bpb.nft + 512 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 513 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 514 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 515 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 516 fat = 12; 517 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 518 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 519 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 520 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 521 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 522 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 523 fat = 16; 524 else 525 fat = 32; 526 } 527 x = bss; 528 if (fat == 32) { 529 if (!bpb.infs) { 530 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 531 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 532 bpb.infs = x; 533 } 534 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 535 x = bpb.infs + 1; 536 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 537 if (x == MAXU16) 538 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 539 bpb.bkbs = x; 540 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 541 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 542 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 543 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 544 } 545 if (!bpb.res) 546 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 547 else if (bpb.res < x) 548 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 549 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 550 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 551 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 552 if (!bpb.spc) 553 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 554 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 555 bpb.res + 556 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 557 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 558 rds + 559 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 560 bpb.spc <<= 1); 561 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 562 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 563 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 564 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 565 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 566 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 567 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 568 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 569 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 570 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 571 bpb.bps * NPB); 572 if (!bpb.bspf) { 573 bpb.bspf = x2; 574 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 575 } 576 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 577 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 578 if (cls > x) 579 cls = x; 580 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 581 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 582 cls); 583 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 584 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 585 mincls(fat)); 586 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 587 cls = maxcls(fat); 588 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 589 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 590 bpb.bsec); 591 } 592 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 593 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 594 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 595 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 596 if (!bpb.mid) 597 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 598 if (fat == 32) 599 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 600 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 601 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 602 bpb.bsec = 0; 603 } 604 if (fat != 32) { 605 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 606 bpb.bspf = 0; 607 } 608 print_bpb(&bpb); 609 if (!opt_N) { 610 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 611 now = tv.tv_sec; 612 tm = localtime(&now); 613 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 614 err(1, "%u", bpb.bps); 615 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 616 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 617 x = lsn; 618 if (opt_B && 619 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 620 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 621 x -= bpb.bkbs; 622 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 623 err(1, "%s", bname); 624 } 625 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 626 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 627 err(1, "%s", bname); 628 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 629 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 630 } else 631 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 632 if (!lsn || 633 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 634 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 635 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 636 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 637 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 638 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 639 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 640 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 641 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 642 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 643 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 644 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 645 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 646 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 647 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 648 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 649 if (fat == 32) { 650 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 651 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 652 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 653 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 654 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 655 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 656 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 657 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 658 } 659 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 660 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 661 if (Iflag) 662 x = opt_I; 663 else 664 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 665 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 666 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 667 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 668 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 669 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 670 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 671 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 672 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 673 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 674 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 675 if (!opt_B) { 676 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 677 bs = (struct bs *)img; 678 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 679 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 680 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 681 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 682 sizeof(bs->oem)); 683 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 684 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 685 } 686 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 687 (lsn == bpb.infs || 688 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 689 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 690 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 691 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 692 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 693 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 694 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 695 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 696 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 697 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 698 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 699 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 700 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 701 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 702 de = (struct de *)img; 703 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 704 mk1(de->attr, 050); 705 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 706 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 707 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 708 mk2(de->time, x); 709 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 710 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 711 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 712 mk2(de->date, x); 713 } 714 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 715 err(1, "%s", fname); 716 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) { 717 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 718 exit(1); 719 } 720 } 721 } 722 return 0; 723} 724 725/* 726 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 727 */ 728static void 729check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 730{ 731#ifdef ANDROID 732 warnx("Skipping mount checks"); 733#else 734 struct statfs *mp; 735 const char *s1, *s2; 736 size_t len; 737 int n, r; 738 739 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 740 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 741 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 742 s1 = fname; 743 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 744 s1 += len; 745 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 746 for (; n--; mp++) { 747 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 748 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 749 s2 += len; 750 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 751 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 752 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 753 } 754#endif 755} 756 757/* 758 * Get a standard format. 759 */ 760static void 761getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 762{ 763 u_int x, i; 764 765 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 766 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 767 if (i == x) 768 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 769 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 770} 771 772/* 773 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 774 */ 775 776#ifdef ANDROID 777static void 778getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 779 struct bpb *bpb) 780{ 781 struct hd_geometry geom; 782 783 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bps)) { 784 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting bytes / sector (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 785 exit(1); 786 } 787 788 ckgeom(fname, bpb->bps, "bytes/sector"); 789 790 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &bpb->bsec)) { 791 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting blocksize (%s)\n", strerror(errno)); 792 exit(1); 793 } 794 795 if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geom)) { 796 fprintf(stderr, "Error getting gemoetry (%s) - trying sane values\n", strerror(errno)); 797 geom.heads = 64; 798 geom.sectors = 63; 799 } 800 801 if (!geom.heads) { 802 printf("Bogus heads from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 803 geom.heads = 64; 804 } 805 806 if (!geom.sectors) { 807 printf("Bogus sectors from kernel - setting sane value\n"); 808 geom.sectors = 63; 809 } 810 811 bpb->spt = geom.sectors; 812 ckgeom(fname, bpb->spt, "sectors/track"); 813 814 bpb->hds = geom.heads; 815 ckgeom(fname, bpb->hds, "drive heads"); 816} 817 818#else 819 820static void 821getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 822 struct bpb *bpb) 823{ 824 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 825 struct fd_type type; 826 off_t ms, hs = 0; 827 828 lp = NULL; 829 830 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 831 if (dtype != NULL) { 832 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 833 } 834 835 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 836 if (lp == NULL) { 837 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 838 struct stat st; 839 840 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 841 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 842 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 843 ms = st.st_size; 844 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 845 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 846 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 847 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 848 lp = &dlp; 849 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 850 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 851 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 852 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 853 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 854 lp = &dlp; 855 } 856 } 857 858 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 859 if (lp == NULL) { 860 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 861 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 862 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 863 864 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */ 865 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 866 867 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 868 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 869 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 870 } 871 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 872 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 873 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 874 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 875 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 876 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 877 else 878 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 879 } 880 } 881 882 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 883 lp = &dlp; 884 } 885 886 if (bpb->bps == 0) 887 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 888 if (bpb->spt == 0) 889 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 890 if (bpb->hds == 0) 891 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 892 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 893 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 894 if (bpb->hid == 0) 895 bpb->hid = hs; 896} 897#endif 898 899/* 900 * Print out BPB values. 901 */ 902static void 903print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 904{ 905 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 906 bpb->nft); 907 if (bpb->rde) 908 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 909 if (bpb->sec) 910 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 911 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 912 if (bpb->spf) 913 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 914 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 915 if (bpb->bsec) 916 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 917 if (!bpb->spf) { 918 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 919 printf(" infs="); 920 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 921 printf(" bkbs="); 922 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 923 } 924 printf("\n"); 925} 926 927/* 928 * Check a disk geometry value. 929 */ 930static u_int 931ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 932{ 933 if (!val) 934 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 935 if (val > MAXU16) 936 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 937 return val; 938} 939 940/* 941 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 942 */ 943static u_int 944argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 945{ 946 char *s; 947 u_long x; 948 949 errno = 0; 950 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 951 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 952 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 953 return x; 954} 955 956/* 957 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 958 */ 959static off_t 960argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 961{ 962 char *s; 963 off_t x; 964 965 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 966 /* allow at most one extra char */ 967 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 968 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 969 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 970 switch (*s) { 971 default: 972 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 973 /* notreached */ 974 975 case 's': /* sector */ 976 case 'S': 977 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 978 break; 979 980 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 981 case 'K': 982 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 983 break; 984 985 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 986 case 'M': 987 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 988 break; 989 990 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 991 case 'G': 992 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 993 break; 994 995 case 'p': /* partition start */ 996 case 'P': /* partition start */ 997 case 'l': /* partition length */ 998 case 'L': /* partition length */ 999 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 1000 /* notreached */ 1001 } 1002 } 1003 return x; 1004} 1005 1006/* 1007 * Check a volume label. 1008 */ 1009static int 1010oklabel(const char *src) 1011{ 1012 int c, i; 1013 1014 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1015 c = (u_char)*src++; 1016 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1017 break; 1018 } 1019 return i && !c; 1020} 1021 1022/* 1023 * Make a volume label. 1024 */ 1025static void 1026mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1027{ 1028 int c, i; 1029 1030 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1031 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1032 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1033 } 1034} 1035 1036/* 1037 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1038 */ 1039static void 1040setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1041{ 1042 while (len--) 1043 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1044} 1045 1046/* 1047 * Print usage message. 1048 */ 1049static void 1050usage(void) 1051{ 1052 fprintf(stderr, 1053 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 1054 "where the options are:\n" 1055 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 1056 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 1057 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 1058 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 1059 "\t-I volume ID\n" 1060 "\t-L volume label\n" 1061 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 1062 "\t-O OEM string\n" 1063 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1064 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1065 "\t-b block size\n" 1066 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1067 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1068 "\t-f standard format\n" 1069 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1070 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1071 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1072 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1073 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1074 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1075 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1076 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1077 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1078 exit(1); 1079} 1080