Searched defs:this (Results 51 - 75 of 78) sorted by relevance

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/external/libvncserver/webclients/novnc/include/
H A D	rfb.js	25 this._rfb_host = ''; 26 this._rfb_port = 5900; 27 this._rfb_password = ''; 28 this._rfb_path = ''; 30 this._rfb_state = 'disconnected'; 31 this._rfb_version = 0; 32 this._rfb_max_version = 3.8; 33 this._rfb_auth_scheme = ''; 35 this._rfb_tightvnc = false; 36 this [all...]
/external/eigen/Eigen/src/SparseCore/
H A D	SparseMatrix.h	8 // with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. 30 * More details on this storage sceheme are given in the \ref TutorialSparse "manual pages". 228 * If the matrix \c *this is in compressed mode, then \c *this is turned into uncompressed 229 * mode while reserving room for 2 x this->innerSize() non zeros if reserve(Index) has not been called earlier. 230 * In this case, the insertion procedure is optimized for a \e sequential insertion mode where elements are assumed to be 236 * Assuming memory has been appropriately reserved, this function performs a sorted insertion in O(1) 278 * for \c i in the [0,this->outerSize()[ range. 286 #if (!EIGEN_COMP_MSVC) || (EIGEN_COMP_MSVC>=1500) // MSVC 2005 fails to compile with this typename 556 if (this 1192 eigen_internal_assert(data_end < m_data.allocatedSize()); StorageIndex new_end = convert_index(m_data.allocatedSize()); for(Index k=outer+1; k<=m_outerSize; ++k) if(m_outerIndex[k]==data_end) m_outerIndex[k] = new_end; } return m_data.value(p); } if(m_outerIndex[outer+1]==data_end && m_outerIndex[outer]+m_innerNonZeros[outer]==m_data.size()) { eigen_internal_assert(outer+1==m_outerSize || m_innerNonZeros[outer+1]==0); ++m_innerNonZeros[outer]; m_data.resize(m_data.size()+1); if(data_end != m_data.allocatedSize()) { eigen_internal_assert(data_end < m_data.allocatedSize()); StorageIndex new_end = convert_index(m_data.allocatedSize()); for(Index k=outer+1; k<=m_outerSize; ++k) if(m_outerIndex[k]==data_end) m_outerIndex[k] = new_end; } Index startId = m_outerIndex[outer]; Index p = m_outerIndex[outer]+m_innerNonZeros[outer]-1; while ( (p > startId) && (m_data.index(p-1) > inner) ) { m_data.index(p) = m_data.index(p-1); m_data.value(p) = m_data.value(p-1); --p; } m_data.index(p) = convert_index(inner); return (m_data.value(p) = 0); } if(m_data.size() != m_data.allocatedSize()) { m_data.resize(m_data.allocatedSize()); this->reserveInnerVectors(Array<StorageIndex,Dynamic,1>::Constant(m_outerSize, 2)); } return insertUncompressed(row,col); } template<typename _Scalar, int _Options, typename _StorageIndex> EIGEN_DONT_INLINE typename SparseMatrix<_Scalar,_Options,_StorageIndex>::Scalar& SparseMatrix<_Scalar,_Options,_StorageIndex>::insertUncompressed(Index row, Index col) { eigen_assert(!isCompressed()); const Index outer = IsRowMajor ? row : col; const StorageIndex inner = convert_index(IsRowMajor ? col : row); Index room = m_outerIndex[outer+1] - m_outerIndex[outer]; StorageIndex innerNNZ = m_innerNonZeros[outer]; if(innerNNZ>=room) argument [all...]
/external/ipsec-tools/src/racoon/
H A D	oakley.c	13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 602 vchar_t *this = NULL; /* Kn */ local 607 this = oakley_prf(iph2->ph1->skeyid_d, seed, 609 if (!this) { 614 vfree(this); 622 res = vrealloc(res, l + this->l); 632 vfree(this); 636 memcpy(res->v + l, this [all...]
/external/iptables/iptables/
H A D	ip6tables.c	24 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 209 " %s -h (print this help information)\n\n", 272 " --modprobe=<command> try to insert modules using this command\n" 320 "option for this command\n", 331 "Illegal option `-%c' with this command\n", 934 const char *this; local 951 for (this = ip6tc_first_chain(handle); 952 this; 953 this = ip6tc_next_chain(handle)) { 957 if (chain && strcmp(chain, this) ! 1179 const char *this = NULL; local [all...]
H A D	iptables.c	24 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 203 " %s -h (print this help information)\n\n", 265 " --modprobe=<command> try to insert modules using this command\n" 313 "option for this command\n", 324 "Illegal option `-%c' with this command\n", 918 const char *this; local 935 for (this = iptc_first_chain(handle); 936 this; 937 this = iptc_next_chain(handle)) { 941 if (chain && strcmp(chain, this) ! 1169 const char *this = NULL; local [all...]
H A D	nft-shared.c	856 struct iptables_command_state this = {}; local 858 nft_rule_to_iptables_command_state(r, &this); 862 nft_rule_print_save(&this, r, NFT_RULE_APPEND, 0); 864 if (!ops->is_same(cs, &this)) 867 if (!compare_matches(cs->matches, this.matches)) { 872 if (!compare_targets(cs->target, this.target)) { 877 if (strcmp(cs->jumpto, this.jumpto) != 0) {
/external/libevent/
H A D	evmap.c	8 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 148 struct event_map_entry **ent, **next, *this; local 150 this = *ent; 152 mm_free(this); 329 * this. */ 692 int idxplus1; /* this is the index +1, so that memset(0) will make it 914 As this stands, it also lets through deletions of events that are
/external/libpng/contrib/libtests/
H A D	pngunknown.c	24 /* Define the following to use this test against your installed libpng, rather 43 /* Since this program tests the ability to change the unknown chunk handling 149 # define this not_the_cpp_this macro 445 /* During initialization and if this is a single command line argument set 559 /* Also store information about this chunk in the display, the relevant flag 640 /* Otherwise this will return the cached values set by any user callback */ 652 /* The #defines above should mean this is never reached, it's just here as 655 # error No store support and no user chunk support, this will not work 679 /* Terminate here, this error is not test specific. */ 741 * in this cas [all...]
/external/guice/extensions/persist/lib/
H A D	ognl-2.6.7.jar	META-INF/ META-INF/MANIFEST.MF ognl/ ognl/ASTAdd.class ASTAdd.java package ognl ...
/external/blktrace/btt/
H A D	output.c	17 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 331 struct seek_mode_info *p, *this, *new_list = NULL; local 333 while ((this = sip->head) != NULL) { 334 sip->head = this->next; 335 this->next = NULL; 337 if (new_list == NULL || this->nseeks > new_list->nseeks) 338 new_list = this; 339 else if (this->nseeks == new_list->nseeks) { 341 if (p->mode == this->mode) 345 this [all...]
/external/libjpeg-turbo/
H A D	turbojpeg.c	8 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 13 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this 29 /* TurboJPEG/LJT: this implements the TurboJPEG API using libjpeg or 131 #define getinstance(handle) tjinstance *this=(tjinstance *)handle; \ 133 if(!this) {snprintf(errStr, JMSG_LENGTH_MAX, "Invalid handle"); \ 135 cinfo=&this->cinfo; dinfo=&this->dinfo; \ 136 this->jerr.warning=FALSE; 137 #define getcinstance(handle) tjinstance *this 581 _tjInitCompress(tjinstance *this) argument 610 tjinstance *this=NULL; local 1254 _tjInitDecompress(tjinstance *this) argument 1282 tjinstance *this; local 2009 tjinstance *this=NULL; tjhandle handle=NULL; local [all...]
/external/python/cpython2/Modules/
H A D	_elementtree.c	63 /* An element can hold this many children without extra memory 68 have no more than the given number of children. Set this to zero 69 to minimize the size of the element structure itself (this only 73 eight bytes. For the current version of cElementTree, this means 225 /* this either points to _children or to a malloced buffer */ 238 /* text before first child. note that this is a tagged pointer; 246 /* text after this element, in parent. note that this is a tagged 417 /* note: this function assumes that the extra section exists */ 1440 /* to avoid recursive calls to this metho 1649 ElementObject* this; /* current node */ member in struct:__anon19374 1764 PyObject* this; local [all...]
/external/python/cpython3/Lib/tkinter/
H A D	tix.py	30 import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk namespace 66 # BEWARE - this is implemented by copying some code from the Widget class 70 # Could probably add this to Tkinter.Misc 87 adds directory into this list. By using this 105 command returns a list describing the one named option (this list 109 to have the given value(s); in this case the command returns an 125 different calls from this application. This command will create a 156 image files in your application. When successful, this command 182 widgets created after this cal [all...]
/external/v8/tools/
H A D	tickprocessor.js	7 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following 14 // from this software without specific prior written permission. 34 Profile.call(this); 36 this.skipThisFunction = function(name) { return V8Profile.IC_RE.test(name); }; 85 LogReader.call(this, { 87 processor: this.processSharedLibrary }, 90 processor: this.processCodeCreation }, 92 processor: this.processCodeMove }, 94 processor: this [all...]
/external/valgrind/coregrind/m_debuginfo/
H A D	storage.c	26 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 496 "(Nb: this message is only shown once)\n"); \ 505 Addr this, 513 UWord size = next - this; 516 if (this == next) return; 523 fndn->filename, lineno, this, next ); 533 if (this > next) { 537 "at entry %d: 0x%lx 0x%lx\n", entry, this, next); 550 /* At this point, we know that the original value for |size|, viz 551 |next - this|, wil 503 addLineInfo( struct _DebugInfo* di, UInt fndn_ix, Addr this, Addr next, Int lineno, Int entry ) argument [all...]
/external/blktrace/
H A D	blkparse.c	18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 73 * some duplicated effort here, we can unify this hash and the ppi hash later 1170 unsigned long long this = bit->time; local 1173 pdi->backwards = (this < last) ? 'B' : ' '; 1174 pdi->last_reported_time = this;
/external/pcre/dist2/src/
H A D	pcre2_match.c	17 this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 20 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 25 this software without specific prior written permission. 69 interface, and doing it this way saved on (a) another variable, which would 72 implementing this. */ 79 of call to match(). We do it this way to save on using another stack variable, 128 of reference bytes. (In theory this could also happen in UTF-16 mode, but it 185 length along the reference, not along the subject (earlier code did this 254 saved for a recursive call. On Unix, the stack can be large, and this works 265 achieve this s 7125 ovecsave_frame *this = mb->ovecsave_chain; local [all...]
H A D	pcre2grep.c	23 this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 26 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 31 this software without specific prior written permission. 128 this, we use a macro that compiles a fudge. Oddly, this does not also seem to 155 static unsigned int jfriedl_XR = 0; /* repeat regex attempt this many times */ 156 static unsigned int jfriedl_XT = 0; /* replicate text this many times */ 350 { OP_NODATA, N_HELP, NULL, "help", "display this help and exit" }, 374 { OP_NODATA, N_NOJIT, NULL, "no-jit", "ignored: this pcre2grep does not support JIT" }, 589 /* However, z/OS needs the #include statements in this heade 3596 omstr *this = only_matching; local [all...]
/external/python/cpython2/Lib/lib-tk/
H A D	Tix.py	38 import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk namespace 74 # BEWARE - this is implemented by copying some code from the Widget class 78 # Could probably add this to Tkinter.Misc 95 adds directory into this list. By using this 113 command returns a list describing the one named option (this list 117 to have the given value(s); in this case the command returns an 133 different calls from this application. This command will create a 164 image files in your application. When successful, this command 190 widgets created after this cal [all...]
/external/python/cpython3/Modules/_ctypes/
H A D	_ctypes.c	48 - construct an instance from a given memory block (sharing this memory block) 328 PyCStructType_Type - a meta type/class. Creating a new class using this one as 372 /* keep this for bw compatibility */ 929 /* If itemdict->format is NULL, then this is a pointer to an 931 'pointer to bytes' in this case. XXX Better would be to 2067 /* I think we can rely on this being a one-character string */ 2179 /* I have to check if this is correct. Using c_char, which has a size 2886 pointed to (which is the array in this case) alive, and not 3436 "cannot construct instance of this class:" 3529 specifying the direction of the data transfer for this paramete 3806 CDataObject *this; local [all...]
/external/python/cpython3/Modules/
H A D	_elementtree.c	22 /* An element can hold this many children without extra memory 27 have no more than the given number of children. Set this to zero 28 to minimize the size of the element structure itself (this only 32 eight bytes. For the current C version of ElementTree, this means 65 * reference since this function sets it to NULL. 76 /* Types defined by this extension */ 169 /* this either points to _children or to a malloced buffer */ 182 /* text before first child. note that this is a tagged pointer; 190 /* text after this element, in parent. note that this i 2285 PyObject *this; /* current node */ member in struct:__anon19980 2479 PyObject* this; local [all...]
/external/mesa3d/src/compiler/glsl/
H A D	ast_to_hir.cpp	5 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), 11 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next 35 * The majority of this work could be done during parsing, and the parser could 36 * probably generate HIR directly. However, this results in frequent changes 37 * to the parser code. Since we do not assume that every system this complier 84 if (this->in_assignee) 92 * no such distinction, that is why this check here is limited to 147 * We push scope here to create this nesting effect...but don't pop. 166 * applications depend on this behavior, and it matches what nearly all 208 * Therefore this rul 6203 foreach_list_typed(ast_case_statement, case_stmt, link, & this->cases) argument [all...]
/external/python/cpython2/Lib/pydoc_data/
H A D	topics.py	4 'assignment': u'\nAssignment statements\n*********************\n\nAssignment statements are used to (re)bind names to values and to\nmodify attributes or items of mutable objects:\n\n assignment_stmt ::= (target_list "=")+ (expression_list | yield_expression)\n target_list ::= target ("," target)* [","]\n target ::= identifier\n | "(" target_list ")"\n | "[" [target_list] "]"\n | attributeref\n | subscription\n | slicing\n\n(See section Primaries for the syntax definitions for the last three\nsymbols.)\n\nAn assignment statement evaluates the expression list (remember that\nthis can be a single expression or a comma-separated list, the latter\nyielding a tuple) and assigns the single resulting object to each of\nthe target lists, from left to right.\n\nAssignment is defined recursively depending on the form of the target\n(list). When a target is part of a mutable object (an attribute\nreference, subscription or slicing), the mutable object must\nultimately perform the assignment and decide about its validity, and\nmay raise an exception if the assignment is unacceptable. The rules\nobserved by various types and the exceptions raised are given with the\ndefinition of the object types (see section The standard type\nhierarchy).\n\nAssignment of an object to a target list is recursively defined as\nfollows.\n\n* If the target list is a single target: The object is assigned to\n that target.\n\n* If the target list is a comma-separated list of targets: The\n object must be an iterable with the same number of items as there\n are targets in the target list, and the items are assigned, from\n left to right, to the corresponding targets.\n\nAssignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as\nfollows.\n\n* If the target is an identifier (name):\n\n * If the name does not occur in a "global" statement in the\n current code block: the name is bound to the object in the current\n local namespace.\n\n * Otherwise: the name is bound to the object in the current global\n namespace.\n\n The name is rebound if it was already bound. This may cause the\n reference count for the object previously bound to the name to reach\n zero, causing the object to be deallocated and its destructor (if it\n has one) to be called.\n\n* If the target is a target list enclosed in parentheses or in\n square brackets: The object must be an iterable with the same number\n of items as there are targets in the target list, and its items are\n assigned, from left to right, to the corresponding targets.\n\n* If the target is an attribute reference: The primary expression in\n the reference is evaluated. It should yield an object with\n assignable attributes; if this is not the case, "TypeError" is\n raised. That object is then asked to assign the assigned object to\n the given attribute; if it cannot perform the assignment, it raises\n an exception (usually but not necessarily "AttributeError").\n\n Note: If the object is a class instance and the attribute reference\n occurs on both sides of the assignment operator, the RHS expression,\n "a.x" can access either an instance attribute or (if no instance\n attribute exists) a class attribute. The LHS target "a.x" is always\n set as an instance attribute, creating it if necessary. Thus, the\n two occurrences of "a.x" do not necessarily refer to the same\n attribute: if the RHS expression refers to a class attribute, the\n LHS creates a new instance attribute as the target of the\n assignment:\n\n class Cls:\n x = 3 # class variable\n inst = Cls()\n inst.x = inst.x + 1 # writes inst.x as 4 leaving Cls.x as 3\n\n This description does not necessarily apply to descriptor\n attributes, such as properties created with "property()".\n\n* If the target is a subscription: The primary expression in the\n reference is evaluated. It should yield either a mutable sequence\n object (such as a list) or a mapping object (such as a dictionary).\n Next, the subscript expression is evaluated.\n\n If the primary is a mutable sequence object (such as a list), the\n subscript must yield a plain integer. If it is negative, the\n sequence\'s length is added to it. The resulting value must be a\n nonnegative integer less than the sequence\'s length, and the\n sequence is asked to assign the assigned object to its item with\n that index. If the index is out of range, "IndexError" is raised\n (assignment to a subscripted sequence cannot add new items to a\n list).\n\n If the primary is a mapping object (such as a dictionary), the\n subscript must have a type compatible with the mapping\'s key type,\n and the mapping is then asked to create a key/datum pair which maps\n the subscript to the assigned object. This can either replace an\n existing key/value pair with the same key value, or insert a new\n key/value pair (if no key with the same value existed).\n\n* If the target is a slicing: The primary expression in the\n reference is evaluated. It should yield a mutable sequence object\n (such as a list). The assigned object should be a sequence object\n of the same type. Next, the lower and upper bound expressions are\n evaluated, insofar they are present; defaults are zero and the\n sequence\'s length. The bounds should evaluate to (small) integers.\n If either bound is negative, the sequence\'s length is added to it.\n The resulting bounds are clipped to lie between zero and the\n sequence\'s length, inclusive. Finally, the sequence object is asked\n to replace the slice with the items of the assigned sequence. The\n length of the slice may be different from the length of the assigned\n sequence, thus changing the length of the target sequence, if the\n object allows it.\n\n**CPython implementation detail:** In the current implementation, the\nsyntax for targets is taken to be the same as for expressions, and\ninvalid syntax is rejected during the code generation phase, causing\nless detailed error messages.\n\nWARNING: Although the definition of assignment implies that overlaps\nbetween the left-hand side and the right-hand side are \'safe\' (for\nexample "a, b = b, a" swaps two variables), overlaps *within* the\ncollection of assigned-to variables are not safe! For instance, the\nfollowing program prints "[0, 2]":\n\n x = [0, 1]\n i = 0\n i, x[i] = 1, 2\n print x\n\n\nAugmented assignment statements\n===============================\n\nAugmented assignment is the combination, in a single statement, of a\nbinary operation and an assignment statement:\n\n augmented_assignment_stmt ::= augtarget augop (expression_list | yield_expression)\n augtarget ::= identifier | attributeref | subscription | slicing\n augop ::= "+=" | "-=" | "*=" | "/=" | "//=" | "%=" | "**="\n | ">>=" | "<<=" | "&=" | "^=" | "|="\n\n(See section Primaries for the syntax definitions for the last three\nsymbols.)\n\nAn augmented assignment evaluates the target (which, unlike normal\nassignment statements, cannot be an unpacking) and the expression\nlist, performs the binary operation specific to the type of assignment\non the two operands, and assigns the result to the original target.\nThe target is only evaluated once.\n\nAn augmented assignment expression like "x += 1" can be rewritten as\n"x = x + 1" to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the\naugmented version, "x" is only evaluated once. Also, when possible,\nthe actual operation is performed *in-place*, meaning that rather than\ncreating a new object and assigning that to the target, the old object\nis modified instead.\n\nWith the exception of assigning to tuples and multiple targets in a\nsingle statement, the assignment done by augmented assignment\nstatements is handled the same way as normal assignments. Similarly,\nwith the exception of the possible *in-place* behavior, the binary\noperation performed by augmented assignment is the same as the normal\nbinary operations.\n\nFor targets which are attribute references, the same caveat about\nclass and instance attributes applies as for regular assignments.\n', 7 'attribute-access': u'\nCustomizing attribute access\n****************************\n\nThe following methods can be defined to customize the meaning of\nattribute access (use of, assignment to, or deletion of "x.name") for\nclass instances.\n\nobject.__getattr__(self, name)\n\n Called when an attribute lookup has not found the attribute in the\n usual places (i.e. it is not an instance attribute nor is it found\n in the class tree for "self"). "name" is the attribute name. This\n method should return the (computed) attribute value or raise an\n "AttributeError" exception.\n\n Note that if the attribute is found through the normal mechanism,\n "__getattr__()" is not called. (This is an intentional asymmetry\n between "__getattr__()" and "__setattr__()".) This is done both for\n efficiency reasons and because otherwise "__getattr__()" would have\n no way to access other attributes of the instance. Note that at\n least for instance variables, you can fake total control by not\n inserting any values in the instance attribute dictionary (but\n instead inserting them in another object). See the\n "__getattribute__()" method below for a way to actually get total\n control in new-style classes.\n\nobject.__setattr__(self, name, value)\n\n Called when an attribute assignment is attempted. This is called\n instead of the normal mechanism (i.e. store the value in the\n instance dictionary). *name* is the attribute name, *value* is the\n value to be assigned to it.\n\n If "__setattr__()" wants to assign to an instance attribute, it\n should not simply execute "self.name = value" --- this would cause\n a recursive call to itself. Instead, it should insert the value in\n the dictionary of instance attributes, e.g., "self.__dict__[name] =\n value". For new-style classes, rather than accessing the instance\n dictionary, it should call the base class method with the same\n name, for example, "object.__setattr__(self, name, value)".\n\nobject.__delattr__(self, name)\n\n Like "__setattr__()" but for attribute deletion instead of\n assignment. This should only be implemented if "del obj.name" is\n meaningful for the object.\n\n\nMore attribute access for new-style classes\n===========================================\n\nThe following methods only apply to new-style classes.\n\nobject.__getattribute__(self, name)\n\n Called unconditionally to implement attribute accesses for\n instances of the class. If the class also defines "__getattr__()",\n the latter will not be called unless "__getattribute__()" either\n calls it explicitly or raises an "AttributeError". This method\n should return the (computed) attribute value or raise an\n "AttributeError" exception. In order to avoid infinite recursion in\n this method, its implementation should always call the base class\n method with the same name to access any attributes it needs, for\n example, "object.__getattribute__(self, name)".\n\n Note: This method may still be bypassed when looking up special\n methods as the result of implicit invocation via language syntax\n or built-in functions. See Special method lookup for new-style\n classes.\n\n\nImplementing Descriptors\n========================\n\nThe following methods only apply when an instance of the class\ncontaining the method (a so-called *descriptor* class) appears in an\n*owner* class (the descriptor must be in either the owner\'s class\ndictionary or in the class dictionary for one of its parents). In the\nexamples below, "the attribute" refers to the attribute whose name is\nthe key of the property in the owner class\' "__dict__".\n\nobject.__get__(self, instance, owner)\n\n Called to get the attribute of the owner class (class attribute\n access) or of an instance of that class (instance attribute\n access). *owner* is always the owner class, while *instance* is the\n instance that the attribute was accessed through, or "None" when\n the attribute is accessed through the *owner*. This method should\n return the (computed) attribute value or raise an "AttributeError"\n exception.\n\nobject.__set__(self, instance, value)\n\n Called to set the attribute on an instance *instance* of the owner\n class to a new value, *value*.\n\nobject.__delete__(self, instance)\n\n Called to delete the attribute on an instance *instance* of the\n owner class.\n\n\nInvoking Descriptors\n====================\n\nIn general, a descriptor is an object attribute with "binding\nbehavior", one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods\nin the descriptor protocol: "__get__()", "__set__()", and\n"__delete__()". If any of those methods are defined for an object, it\nis said to be a descriptor.\n\nThe default behavior for attribute access is to get, set, or delete\nthe attribute from an object\'s dictionary. For instance, "a.x" has a\nlookup chain starting with "a.__dict__[\'x\']", then\n"type(a).__dict__[\'x\']", and continuing through the base classes of\n"type(a)" excluding metaclasses.\n\nHowever, if the looked-up value is an object defining one of the\ndescriptor methods, then Python may override the default behavior and\ninvoke the descriptor method instead. Where this occurs in the\nprecedence chain depends on which descriptor methods were defined and\nhow they were called. Note that descriptors are only invoked for new\nstyle objects or classes (ones that subclass "object()" or "type()").\n\nThe starting point for descriptor invocation is a binding, "a.x". How\nthe arguments are assembled depends on "a":\n\nDirect Call\n The simplest and least common call is when user code directly\n invokes a descriptor method: "x.__get__(a)".\n\nInstance Binding\n If binding to a new-style object instance, "a.x" is transformed\n into the call: "type(a).__dict__[\'x\'].__get__(a, type(a))".\n\nClass Binding\n If binding to a new-style class, "A.x" is transformed into the\n call: "A.__dict__[\'x\'].__get__(None, A)".\n\nSuper Binding\n If "a" is an instance of "super", then the binding "super(B,\n obj).m()" searches "obj.__class__.__mro__" for the base class "A"\n immediately preceding "B" and then invokes the descriptor with the\n call: "A.__dict__[\'m\'].__get__(obj, obj.__class__)".\n\nFor instance bindings, the precedence of descriptor invocation depends\non the which descriptor methods are defined. A descriptor can define\nany combination of "__get__()", "__set__()" and "__delete__()". If it\ndoes not define "__get__()", then accessing the attribute will return\nthe descriptor object itself unless there is a value in the object\'s\ninstance dictionary. If the descriptor defines "__set__()" and/or\n"__delete__()", it is a data descriptor; if it defines neither, it is\na non-data descriptor. Normally, data descriptors define both\n"__get__()" and "__set__()", while non-data descriptors have just the\n"__get__()" method. Data descriptors with "__set__()" and "__get__()"\ndefined always override a redefinition in an instance dictionary. In\ncontrast, non-data descriptors can be overridden by instances.\n\nPython methods (including "staticmethod()" and "classmethod()") are\nimplemented as non-data descriptors. Accordingly, instances can\nredefine and override methods. This allows individual instances to\nacquire behaviors that differ from other instances of the same class.\n\nThe "property()" function is implemented as a data descriptor.\nAccordingly, instances cannot override the behavior of a property.\n\n\n__slots__\n=========\n\nBy default, instances of both old and new-style classes have a\ndictionary for attribute storage. This wastes space for objects\nhaving very few instance variables. The space consumption can become\nacute when creating large numbers of instances.\n\nThe default can be overridden by defining *__slots__* in a new-style\nclass definition. The *__slots__* declaration takes a sequence of\ninstance variables and reserves just enough space in each instance to\nhold a value for each variable. Space is saved because *__dict__* is\nnot created for each instance.\n\n__slots__\n\n This class variable can be assigned a string, iterable, or sequence\n of strings with variable names used by instances. If defined in a\n new-style class, *__slots__* reserves space for the declared\n variables and prevents the automatic creation of *__dict__* and\n *__weakref__* for each instance.\n\n New in version 2.2.\n\nNotes on using *__slots__*\n\n* When inheriting from a class without *__slots__*, the *__dict__*\n attribute of that class will always be accessible, so a *__slots__*\n definition in the subclass is meaningless.\n\n* Without a *__dict__* variable, instances cannot be assigned new\n variables not listed in the *__slots__* definition. Attempts to\n assign to an unlisted variable name raises "AttributeError". If\n dynamic assignment of new variables is desired, then add\n "\'__dict__\'" to the sequence of strings in the *__slots__*\n declaration.\n\n Changed in version 2.3: Previously, adding "\'__dict__\'" to the\n *__slots__* declaration would not enable the assignment of new\n attributes not specifically listed in the sequence of instance\n variable names.\n\n* Without a *__weakref__* variable for each instance, classes\n defining *__slots__* do not support weak references to its\n instances. If weak reference support is needed, then add\n "\'__weakref__\'" to the sequence of strings in the *__slots__*\n declaration.\n\n Changed in version 2.3: Previously, adding "\'__weakref__\'" to the\n *__slots__* declaration would not enable support for weak\n references.\n\n* *__slots__* are implemented at the class level by creating\n descriptors (Implementing Descriptors) for each variable name. As a\n result, class attributes cannot be used to set default values for\n instance variables defined by *__slots__*; otherwise, the class\n attribute would overwrite the descriptor assignment.\n\n* The action of a *__slots__* declaration is limited to the class\n where it is defined. As a result, subclasses will have a *__dict__*\n unless they also define *__slots__* (which must only contain names\n of any *additional* slots).\n\n* If a class defines a slot also defined in a base class, the\n instance variable defined by the base class slot is inaccessible\n (except by retrieving its descriptor directly from the base class).\n This renders the meaning of the program undefined. In the future, a\n check may be added to prevent this.\n\n* Nonempty *__slots__* does not work for classes derived from\n "variable-length" built-in types such as "long", "str" and "tuple".\n\n* Any non-string iterable may be assigned to *__slots__*. Mappings\n may also be used; however, in the future, special meaning may be\n assigned to the values corresponding to each key.\n\n* *__class__* assignment works only if both classes have the same\n *__slots__*.\n\n Changed in version 2.6: Previously, *__class__* assignment raised an\n error if either new or old class had *__slots__*.\n', 8 'attribute-references': u'\nAttribute references\n********************\n\nAn attribute reference is a primary followed by a period and a name:\n\n attributeref ::= primary "." identifier\n\nThe primary must evaluate to an object of a type that supports\nattribute references, e.g., a module, list, or an instance. This\nobject is then asked to produce the attribute whose name is the\nidentifier. If this attribute is not available, the exception\n"AttributeError" is raised. Otherwise, the type and value of the\nobject produced is determined by the object. Multiple evaluations of\nthe same attribute reference may yield different objects.\n', 14 'bltin-file-objects': u'\nFile Objects\n************\n\nFile objects are implemented using C\'s "stdio" package and can be\ncreated with the built-in "open()" function. File objects are also\nreturned by some other built-in functions and methods, such as\n"os.popen()" and "os.fdopen()" and the "makefile()" method of socket\nobjects. Temporary files can be created using the "tempfile" module,\nand high-level file operations such as copying, moving, and deleting\nfiles and directories can be achieved with the "shutil" module.\n\nWhen a file operation fails for an I/O-related reason, the exception\n"IOError" is raised. This includes situations where the operation is\nnot defined for some reason, like "seek()" on a tty device or writing\na file opened for reading.\n\nFiles have the following methods:\n\nfile.close()\n\n Close the file. A closed file cannot be read or written any more.\n Any operation which requires that the file be open will raise a\n "ValueError" after the file has been closed. Calling "close()"\n more than once is allowed.\n\n As of Python 2.5, you can avoid having to call this method\n explicitly if you use the "with" statement. For example, the\n following code will automatically close *f* when the "with" block\n is exited:\n\n from __future__ import with_statement # This isn\'t required in Python 2.6\n\n with open("hello.txt") as f:\n for line in f:\n print line,\n\n In older versions of Python, you would have needed to do this to\n get the same effect:\n\n f = open("hello.txt")\n try:\n for line in f:\n print line,\n finally:\n f.close()\n\n Note: Not all "file-like" types in Python support use as a\n context manager for the "with" statement. If your code is\n intended to work with any file-like object, you can use the\n function "contextlib.closing()" instead of using the object\n directly.\n\nfile.flush()\n\n Flush the internal buffer, like "stdio"\'s "fflush()". This may be\n a no-op on some file-like objects.\n\n Note: "flush()" does not necessarily write the file\'s data to\n disk. Use "flush()" followed by "os.fsync()" to ensure this\n behavior.\n\nfile.fileno()\n\n Return the integer "file descriptor" that is used by the underlying\n implementation to request I/O operations from the operating system.\n This can be useful for other, lower level interfaces that use file\n descriptors, such as the "fcntl" module or "os.read()" and friends.\n\n Note: File-like objects which do not have a real file descriptor\n should *not* provide this metho 27 'customization': u'\\nBasic customization\\n*******************\\n\\nobject.__new__(cls[, ...])\\n\\n Called to create a new instance of class *cls*. "__new__()" is a\\n static method (special-cased so you need not declare it as such)\\n that takes the class of which an instance was requested as its\\n first argument. The remaining arguments are those passed to the\\n object constructor expression (the call to the class). The return\\n value of "__new__()" should be the new object instance (usually an\\n instance of *cls*).\\n\\n Typical implementations create a new instance of the class by\\n invoking the superclass\\'s "__new__()" method using\\n "super(currentclass, cls).__new__(cls[, ...])" with appropriate\\n arguments and then modifying the newly-created instance as\\n necessary before returning it.\\n\\n If "__new__()" returns an instance of *cls*, then the new\\n instance\\'s "__init__()" method will be invoked like\\n "__init__(self[, ...])", where *self* is the new instance and the\\n remaining arguments are the same as were passed to "__new__()".\\n\\n If "__new__()" does not return an instance of *cls*, then the new\\n instance\\'s "__init__()" method will not be invoked.\\n\\n "__new__()" is intended mainly to allow subclasses of immutable\\n types (like int, str, or tuple) to customize instance creation. It\\n is also commonly overridden in custom metaclasses in order to\\n customize class creation.\\n\\nobject.__init__(self[, ...])\\n\\n Called after the instance has been created (by "__new__()"), but\\n before it is returned to the caller. The arguments are those\\n passed to the class constructor expression. If a base class has an\\n "__init__()" method, the derived class\\'s "__init__()" method, if\\n any, must explicitly call it to ensure proper initialization of the\\n base class part of the instance; for example:\\n "BaseClass.__init__(self, [args...])".\\n\\n Because "__new__()" and "__init__()" work together in constructing\\n objects ("__new__()" to create it, and "__init__()" to customise\\n it), no non-"None" value may be returned by "__init__()"; doing so\\n will cause a "TypeError" to be raised at runtime.\\n\\nobject.__del__(self)\\n\\n Called when the instance is about to be destroyed. This is also\\n called a destructor. If a base class has a "__del__()" method, the\\n derived class\\'s "__del__()" method, if any, must explicitly call it\\n to ensure proper deletion of the base class part of the instance.\\n Note that it is possible (though not recommended!) for the\\n "__del__()" method to postpone destruction of the instance by\\n creating a new reference to it. It may then be called at a later\\n time when this new reference is deleted. It is not guaranteed that\\n "__del__()" methods are called for objects that still exist when\\n the interpreter exits.\\n\\n Note: "del x" doesn\\'t directly call "x.__del__()" --- the former\\n decrements the reference count for "x" by one, and the latter is\\n only called when "x"\\'s reference count reaches zero. Some common\\n situations that may prevent the reference count of an object from\\n going to zero include: circular references between objects (e.g.,\\n a doubly-linked list or a tree data structure with parent and\\n child pointers); a reference to the object on the stack frame of\\n a function that caught an exception (the traceback stored in\\n "sys.exc_traceback" keeps the stack frame alive); or a reference\\n to the object on the stack frame that raised an unhandled\\n exception in interactive mode (the traceback stored in\\n "sys.last_traceback" keeps the stack frame alive). The first\\n situation can only be remedied by explicitly breaking the cycles;\\n the latter two situations can be resolved by storing "None" in\\n "sys.exc_traceback" or "sys.last_traceback". Circular references\\n which are garbage are detected when the option cycle detector is\\n enabled (it\\'s on by default), but can only be cleaned up if there\\n are no Python-level "__del__()" methods involved. Refer to the\\n documentation for the "gc" module for more information about how\\n "__del__()" methods are handled by the cycle detector,\\n particularly the description of the "garbage" value.\\n\\n Warning: Due to the precarious circumstances under which\\n "__del__()" methods are invoked, exceptions that occur during\\n their execution are ignored, and a warning is printed to\\n "sys.stderr" instead. Also, when "__del__()" is invoked in\\n response to a module being deleted (e.g., when execution of the\\n program is done), other globals referenced by the "__del__()"\\n method may already have been deleted or in the process of being\\n torn down (e.g. the import machinery shutting down). For this\\n reason, "__del__()" methods should do the absolute minimum needed\\n to maintain external invariants. Starting with version 1.5,\\n Python guarantees that globals whose name begins with a single\\n underscore are deleted from their module before other globals are\\n deleted; if no other references to such globals exist, this may\\n help in assuring that imported modules are still available at the\\n time when the "__del__()" method is called.\\n\\n See also the "-R" command-line option.\\n\\nobject.__repr__(self)\\n\\n Called by the "repr()" built-in function and by string conversions\\n (reverse quotes) to compute the "official" string representation of\\n an object. If at all possible, this should look like a valid\\n Python expression that could be used to recreate an object with the\\n same value (given an appropriate environment). If this is not\\n possible, a string of the form "<...some useful description...>"\\n should be returned. The return value must be a string object. If a\\n class defines "__repr__()" but not "__str__()", then "__repr__()"\\n is also used when an "informal" string representation of instances\\n of that class is required.\\n\\n This is typically used for debugging, so it is important that the\\n representation is information-rich and unambiguous.\\n\\nobject.__str__(self)\\n\\n Called by the "str()" built-in function and by the "print"\\n statement to compute the "informal" string representation of an\\n object. This differs from "__repr__()" in that it does not have to\\n be a valid Python expression: a more convenient or concise\\n representation may be used instead. The return value must be a\\n string object.\\n\\nobject.__lt__(self, other)\\nobject.__le__(self, other)\\nobject.__eq__(self, other)\\nobject.__ne__(self, other)\\nobject.__gt__(self, other)\\nobject.__ge__(self, other)\\n\\n New in version 2.1.\\n\\n These are the so-called "rich comparison" methods, and are called\\n for comparison operators in preference to "__cmp__()" below. The\\n correspondence between operator symbols and method names is as\\n follows: "x<y" calls "x.__lt__(y)", "x<=y" calls "x.__le__(y)",\\n "x==y" calls "x.__eq__(y)", "x!=y" and "x<>y" call "x.__ne__(y)",\\n "x>y" calls "x.__gt__(y)", and "x>=y" calls "x.__ge__(y)".\\n\\n A rich comparison method may return the singleton "NotImplemented"\\n if it does not implement the operation for a given pair of\\n arguments. By convention, "False" and "True" are returned for a\\n successful comparison. However, these methods can return any value,\\n so if the comparison operator is used in a Boolean context (e.g.,\\n in the condition of an "if" statement), Python will call "bool()"\\n on the value to determine if the result is true or false.\\n\\n There are no implied relationships among the comparison operators.\\n The truth of "x==y" does not imply that "x!=y" is false.\\n Accordingly, when defining "__eq__()", one should also define\\n "__ne__()" so that the operators will behave as expected. See the\\n paragraph on "__hash__()" for some important notes on creating\\n *hashable* objects which support custom comparison operations and\\n are usable as dictionary keys.\\n\\n There are no swapped-argument versions of these methods (to be used\\n when the left argument does not support the operation but the right\\n argument does); rather, "__lt__()" and "__gt__()" are each other\\'s\\n reflection, "__le__()" and "__ge__()" are each other\\'s reflection,\\n and "__eq__()" and "__ne__()" are their own reflection.\\n\\n Arguments to rich comparison methods are never coerced.\\n\\n To automatically generate ordering operations from a single root\\n operation, see "functools.total_ordering()".\\n\\nobject.__cmp__(self, other)\\n\\n Called by comparison operations if rich comparison (see above) is\\n not defined. Should return a negative integer if "self < other",\\n zero if "self == other", a positive integer if "self > other". If\\n no "__cmp__()", "__eq__()" or "__ne__()" operation is defined,\\n class instances are compared by object identity ("address"). See\\n also the description of "__hash__()" for some important notes on\\n creating *hashable* objects which support custom comparison\\n operations and are usable as dictionary keys. (Note: the\\n restriction that exceptions are not propagated by "__cmp__()" has\\n been removed since Python 1.5.)\\n\\nobject.__rcmp__(self, other)\\n\\n Changed in version 2.1: No longer supported.\\n\\nobject.__hash__(self)\\n\\n Called by built-in function "hash()" and for operations on members\\n of hashed collections including "set", "frozenset", and "dict".\\n "__hash__()" should return an integer. The only required property\\n is that objects which compare equal have the same hash value; it is\\n advised to somehow mix together (e.g. using exclusive or) the hash\\n values for the components of the object that also play a part in\\n comparison of objects.\\n\\n If a class does not define a "__cmp__()" or "__eq__()" method it\\n should not define a "__hash__()" operation either; if it defines\\n "__cmp__()" or "__eq__()" but not "__hash__()", its instances will\\n not be usable in hashed collections. If a class defines mutable\\n objects and implements a "__cmp__()" or "__eq__()" method, it\\n should not implement "__hash__()", since hashable collection\\n implementations require that an object\\'s hash value is immutable\\n (if the object\\'s hash value changes, it will be in the wrong hash\\n bucket).\\n\\n User-defined classes have "__cmp__()" and "__hash__()" methods by\\n default; with them, all objects compare unequal (except with\\n themselves) and "x.__hash__()" returns a result derived from\\n "id(x)".\\n\\n Classes which inherit a "__hash__()" method from a parent class but\\n change the meaning of "__cmp__()" or "__eq__()" such that the hash\\n value returned is no longer appropriate (e.g. by switching to a\\n value-based concept of equality instead of the default identity\\n based equality) can explicitly flag themselves as being unhashable\\n by setting "__hash__ = None" in the class definition. Doing so\\n means that not only will instances of the class raise an\\n appropriate "TypeError" when a program attempts to retrieve their\\n hash value, but they will also be correctly identified as\\n unhashable when checking "isinstance(obj, collections.Hashable)"\\n (unlike classes which define their own "__hash__()" to explicitly\\n raise "TypeError").\\n\\n Changed in version 2.5: "__hash__()" may now also return a long\\n integer object; the 32-bit integer is then derived from the hash of\\n that object.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.6: "__hash__" may now be set to "None" to\\n explicitly flag instances of a class as unhashable.\\n\\nobject.__nonzero__(self)\\n\\n Called to implement truth value testing and the built-in operation\\n "bool()"; should return "False" or "True", or their integer\\n equivalents "0" or "1". When this method is not defined,\\n "__len__()" is called, if it is defined, and the object is\\n considered true if its result is nonzero. If a class defines\\n neither "__len__()" nor "__nonzero__()", all its instances are\\n considered true.\\n\\nobject.__unicode__(self)\\n\\n Called to implement "unicode()" built-in; should return a Unicode\\n object. When this method is not defined, string conversion is\\n attempted, and the result of string conversion is converted to\\n Unicode using the system default encoding.\\n', namespace 43 'identifiers': u'\\nIdentifiers and keywords\\n************************\\n\\nIdentifiers (also referred to as *names*) are described by the\\nfollowing lexical definitions:\\n\\n identifier ::= (letter|"_") (letter | digit | "_")*\\n letter ::= lowercase | uppercase\\n lowercase ::= "a"..."z"\\n uppercase ::= "A"..."Z"\\n digit ::= "0"..."9"\\n\\nIdentifiers are unlimited in length. Case is significant.\\n\\n\\nKeywords\\n========\\n\\nThe following identifiers are used as reserved words, or *keywords* of\\nthe language, and cannot be used as ordinary identifiers. They must\\nbe spelled exactly as written here:\\n\\n and del from not while\\n as elif global or with\\n assert else if pass yield\\n break except import print\\n class exec in raise\\n continue finally is return\\n def for lambda try\\n\\nChanged in version 2.4: "None" became a constant and is now recognized\\nby the compiler as a name for the built-in object "None". Although it\\nis not a keyword, you cannot assign a different object to it.\\n\\nChanged in version 2.5: Using "as" and "with" as identifiers triggers\\na warning. To use them as keywords, enable the "with_statement"\\nfuture feature .\\n\\nChanged in version 2.6: "as" and "with" are full keywords.\\n\\n\\nReserved classes of identifiers\\n===============================\\n\\nCertain classes of identifiers (besides keywords) have special\\nmeanings. These classes are identified by the patterns of leading and\\ntrailing underscore characters:\\n\\n"_*"\\n Not imported by "from module import *". The special identifier "_"\\n is used in the interactive interpreter to store the result of the\\n last evaluation; it is stored in the "__builtin__" module. When\\n not in interactive mode, "_" has no special meaning and is not\\n defined. See section The import statement.\\n\\n Note: The name "_" is often used in conjunction with\\n internationalization; refer to the documentation for the\\n "gettext" module for more information on this convention.\\n\\n"__*__"\\n System-defined names. These names are defined by the interpreter\\n and its implementation (including the standard library). Current\\n system names are discussed in the Special method names section and\\n elsewhere. More will likely be defined in future versions of\\n Python. *Any* use of "__*__" names, in any context, that does not\\n follow explicitly documented use, is subject to breakage without\\n warning.\\n\\n"__*"\\n Class-private names. Names in this category, when used within the\\n context of a class definition, are re-written to use a mangled form\\n to help avoid name clashes between "private" attributes of base and\\n derived classes. See section Identifiers (Names).\\n', namespace 66 'string-methods': u'\\nString Methods\\n**************\\n\\nBelow are listed the string methods which both 8-bit strings and\\nUnicode objects support. Some of them are also available on\\n"bytearray" objects.\\n\\nIn addition, Python\\'s strings support the sequence type methods\\ndescribed in the Sequence Types --- str, unicode, list, tuple,\\nbytearray, buffer, xrange section. To output formatted strings use\\ntemplate strings or the "%" operator described in the String\\nFormatting Operations section. Also, see the "re" module for string\\nfunctions based on regular expressions.\\n\\nstr.capitalize()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with its first character capitalized\\n and the rest lowercased.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.center(width[, fillchar])\\n\\n Return centered in a string of length *width*. Padding is done\\n using the specified *fillchar* (default is a space).\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for the *fillchar* argument.\\n\\nstr.count(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring *sub*\\n in the range [*start*, *end*]. Optional arguments *start* and\\n *end* are interpreted as in slice notation.\\n\\nstr.decode([encoding[, errors]])\\n\\n Decodes the string using the codec registered for *encoding*.\\n *encoding* defaults to the default string encoding. *errors* may\\n be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default is\\n "\\'strict\\'", meaning that encoding errors raise "UnicodeError".\\n Other possible values are "\\'ignore\\'", "\\'replace\\'" and any other\\n name registered via "codecs.register_error()", see section Codec\\n Base Classes.\\n\\n New in version 2.2.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Support for other error handling schemes\\n added.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.7: Support for keyword arguments added.\\n\\nstr.encode([encoding[, errors]])\\n\\n Return an encoded version of the string. Default encoding is the\\n current default string encoding. *errors* may be given to set a\\n different error handling scheme. The default for *errors* is\\n "\\'strict\\'", meaning that encoding errors raise a "UnicodeError".\\n Other possible values are "\\'ignore\\'", "\\'replace\\'",\\n "\\'xmlcharrefreplace\\'", "\\'backslashreplace\\'" and any other name\\n registered via "codecs.register_error()", see section Codec Base\\n Classes. For a list of possible encodings, see section Standard\\n Encodings.\\n\\n New in version 2.0.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Support for "\\'xmlcharrefreplace\\'" and\\n "\\'backslashreplace\\'" and other error handling schemes added.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.7: Support for keyword arguments added.\\n\\nstr.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return "True" if the string ends with the specified *suffix*,\\n otherwise return "False". *suffix* can also be a tuple of suffixes\\n to look for. With optional *start*, test beginning at that\\n position. With optional *end*, stop comparing at that position.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.5: Accept tuples as *suffix*.\\n\\nstr.expandtabs([tabsize])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are replaced\\n by one or more spaces, depending on the current column and the\\n given tab size. Tab positions occur every *tabsize* characters\\n (default is 8, giving tab positions at columns 0, 8, 16 and so on).\\n To expand the string, the current column is set to zero and the\\n string is examined character by character. If the character is a\\n tab ("\\\\t"), one or more space characters are inserted in the result\\n until the current column is equal to the next tab position. (The\\n tab character itself is not copied.) If the character is a newline\\n ("\\\\n") or return ("\\\\r"), it is copied and the current column is\\n reset to zero. Any other character is copied unchanged and the\\n current column is incremented by one regardless of how the\\n character is represented when printed.\\n\\n >>> \\'01\\\\t012\\\\t0123\\\\t01234\\'.expandtabs()\\n \\'01 012 0123 01234\\'\\n >>> \\'01\\\\t012\\\\t0123\\\\t01234\\'.expandtabs(4)\\n \\'01 012 0123 01234\\'\\n\\nstr.find(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return the lowest index in the string where substring *sub* is\\n found within the slice "s[start:end]". Optional arguments *start*\\n and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return "-1" if\\n *sub* is not found.\\n\\n Note: The "find()" method should be used only if you need to know\\n the position of *sub*. To check if *sub* is a substring or not,\\n use the "in" operator:\\n\\n >>> \\'Py\\' in \\'Python\\'\\n True\\n\\nstr.format(*args, **kwargs)\\n\\n Perform a string formatting operation. The string on which this\\n method is called can contain literal text or replacement fields\\n delimited by braces "{}". Each replacement field contains either\\n the numeric index of a positional argument, or the name of a\\n keyword argument. Returns a copy of the string where each\\n replacement field is replaced with the string value of the\\n corresponding argument.\\n\\n >>> "The sum of 1 + 2 is {0}".format(1+2)\\n \\'The sum of 1 + 2 is 3\\'\\n\\n See Format String Syntax for a description of the various\\n formatting options that can be specified in format strings.\\n\\n This method of string formatting is the new standard in Python 3,\\n and should be preferred to the "%" formatting described in String\\n Formatting Operations in new code.\\n\\n New in version 2.6.\\n\\nstr.index(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Like "find()", but raise "ValueError" when the substring is not\\n found.\\n\\nstr.isalnum()\\n\\n Return true if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and\\n there is at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isalpha()\\n\\n Return true if all characters in the string are alphabetic and\\n there is at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isdigit()\\n\\n Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there is\\n at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.islower()\\n\\n Return true if all cased characters [4] in the string are lowercase\\n and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isspace()\\n\\n Return true if there are only whitespace characters in the string\\n and there is at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.istitle()\\n\\n Return true if the string is a titlecased string and there is at\\n least one character, for example uppercase characters may only\\n follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.\\n Return false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isupper()\\n\\n Return true if all cased characters [4] in the string are uppercase\\n and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.join(iterable)\\n\\n Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the\\n *iterable* *iterable*. The separator between elements is the\\n string providing this method.\\n\\nstr.ljust(width[, fillchar])\\n\\n Return the string left justified in a string of length *width*.\\n Padding is done using the specified *fillchar* (default is a\\n space). The original string is returned if *width* is less than or\\n equal to "len(s)".\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for the *fillchar* argument.\\n\\nstr.lower()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]\\n converted to lowercase.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.lstrip([chars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. The\\n *chars* argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be\\n removed. If omitted or "None", the *chars* argument defaults to\\n removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a prefix; rather,\\n all combinations of its values are stripped:\\n\\n >>> \\' spacious \\'.lstrip()\\n \\'spacious \\'\\n >>> \\'www.example.com\\'.lstrip(\\'cmowz.\\')\\n \\'example.com\\'\\n\\n Changed in version 2.2.2: Support for the *chars* argument.\\n\\nstr.partition(sep)\\n\\n Split the string at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a\\n 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator\\n itself, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not\\n found, return a 3-tuple containing the string itself, followed by\\n two empty strings.\\n\\n New in version 2.5.\\n\\nstr.replace(old, new[, count])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring *old*\\n replaced by *new*. If the optional argument *count* is given, only\\n the first *count* occurrences are replaced.\\n\\nstr.rfind(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return the highest index in the string where substring *sub* is\\n found, such that *sub* is contained within "s[start:end]".\\n Optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in slice\\n notation. Return "-1" on failure.\\n\\nstr.rindex(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Like "rfind()" but raises "ValueError" when the substring *sub* is\\n not found.\\n\\nstr.rjust(width[, fillchar])\\n\\n Return the string right justified in a string of length *width*.\\n Padding is done using the specified *fillchar* (default is a\\n space). The original string is returned if *width* is less than or\\n equal to "len(s)".\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for the *fillchar* argument.\\n\\nstr.rpartition(sep)\\n\\n Split the string at the last occurrence of *sep*, and return a\\n 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator\\n itself, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not\\n found, return a 3-tuple containing two empty strings, followed by\\n the string itself.\\n\\n New in version 2.5.\\n\\nstr.rsplit([sep[, maxsplit]])\\n\\n Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the\\n delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits\\n are done, the *rightmost* ones. If *sep* is not specified or\\n "None", any whitespace string is a separator. Except for splitting\\n from the right, "rsplit()" behaves like "split()" which is\\n described in detail below.\\n\\n New in version 2.4.\\n\\nstr.rstrip([chars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. The\\n *chars* argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be\\n removed. If omitted or "None", the *chars* argument defaults to\\n removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a suffix; rather,\\n all combinations of its values are stripped:\\n\\n >>> \\' spacious \\'.rstrip()\\n \\' spacious\\'\\n >>> \\'mississippi\\'.rstrip(\\'ipz\\')\\n \\'mississ\\'\\n\\n Changed in version 2.2.2: Support for the *chars* argument.\\n\\nstr.split([sep[, maxsplit]])\\n\\n Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the\\n delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit*\\n splits are done (thus, the list will have at most "maxsplit+1"\\n elements). If *maxsplit* is not specified or "-1", then there is\\n no limit on the number of splits (all possible splits are made).\\n\\n If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together\\n and are deemed to delimit empty strings (for example,\\n "\\'1,,2\\'.split(\\',\\')" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'\\', \\'2\\']"). The *sep* argument\\n may consist of multiple characters (for example,\\n "\\'1<>2<>3\\'.split(\\'<>\\')" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'2\\', \\'3\\']"). Splitting an\\n empty string with a specified separator returns "[\\'\\']".\\n\\n If *sep* is not specified or is "None", a different splitting\\n algorithm is applied: runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded\\n as a single separator, and the result will contain no empty strings\\n at the start or end if the string has leading or trailing\\n whitespace. Consequently, splitting an empty string or a string\\n consisting of just whitespace with a "None" separator returns "[]".\\n\\n For example, "\\' 1 2 3 \\'.split()" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'2\\', \\'3\\']", and\\n "\\' 1 2 3 \\'.split(None, 1)" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'2 3 \\']".\\n\\nstr.splitlines([keepends])\\n\\n Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line\\n boundaries. This method uses the *universal newlines* approach to\\n splitting lines. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list\\n unless *keepends* is given and true.\\n\\n Python recognizes ""\\\\r"", ""\\\\n"", and ""\\\\r\\\\n"" as line boundaries\\n for 8-bit strings.\\n\\n For example:\\n\\n >>> \\'ab c\\\\n\\\\nde fg\\\\rkl\\\\r\\\\n\\'.splitlines()\\n [\\'ab c\\', \\'\\', \\'de fg\\', \\'kl\\']\\n >>> \\'ab c\\\\n\\\\nde fg\\\\rkl\\\\r\\\\n\\'.splitlines(True)\\n [\\'ab c\\\\n\\', \\'\\\\n\\', \\'de fg\\\\r\\', \\'kl\\\\r\\\\n\\']\\n\\n Unlike "split()" when a delimiter string *sep* is given, this\\n method returns an empty list for the empty string, and a terminal\\n line break does not result in an extra line:\\n\\n >>> "".splitlines()\\n []\\n >>> "One line\\\\n".splitlines()\\n [\\'One line\\']\\n\\n For comparison, "split(\\'\\\\n\\')" gives:\\n\\n >>> \\'\\'.split(\\'\\\\n\\')\\n [\\'\\']\\n >>> \\'Two lines\\\\n\\'.split(\\'\\\\n\\')\\n [\\'Two lines\\', \\'\\']\\n\\nunicode.splitlines([keepends])\\n\\n Return a list of the lines in the string, like "str.splitlines()".\\n However, the Unicode method splits on the following line\\n boundaries, which are a superset of the *universal newlines*\\n recognized for 8-bit strings.\\n\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | Representation | Description |\\n +=========================+===============================+\\n | "\\\\n" | Line Feed |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\r" | Carriage Return |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\r\\\\n" | Carriage Return + Line Feed |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\v" or "\\\\x0b" | Line Tabulation |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\f" or "\\\\x0c" | Form Feed |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x1c" | File Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x1d" | Group Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x1e" | Record Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x85" | Next Line (C1 Control Code) |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\u2028" | Line Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\u2029" | Paragraph Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n\\n Changed in version 2.7: "\\\\v" and "\\\\f" added to list of line\\n boundaries.\\n\\nstr.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return "True" if string starts with the *prefix*, otherwise return\\n "False". *prefix* can also be a tuple of prefixes to look for.\\n With optional *start*, test string beginning at that position.\\n With optional *end*, stop comparing string at that position.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.5: Accept tuples as *prefix*.\\n\\nstr.strip([chars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with the leading and trailing\\n characters removed. The *chars* argument is a string specifying the\\n set of characters to be removed. If omitted or "None", the *chars*\\n argument defaults to removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is\\n not a prefix or suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are\\n stripped:\\n\\n >>> \\' spacious \\'.strip()\\n \\'spacious\\'\\n >>> \\'www.example.com\\'.strip(\\'cmowz.\\')\\n \\'example\\'\\n\\n Changed in version 2.2.2: Support for the *chars* argument.\\n\\nstr.swapcase()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted to\\n lowercase and vice versa.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.title()\\n\\n Return a titlecased version of the string where words start with an\\n uppercase character and the remaining characters are lowercase.\\n\\n The algorithm uses a simple language-independent definition of a\\n word as groups of consecutive letters. The definition works in\\n many contexts but it means that apostrophes in contractions and\\n possessives form word boundaries, which may not be the desired\\n result:\\n\\n >>> "they\\'re bill\\'s friends from the UK".title()\\n "They\\'Re Bill\\'S Friends From The Uk"\\n\\n A workaround for apostrophes can be constructed using regular\\n expressions:\\n\\n >>> import re\\n >>> def titlecase(s):\\n ... return re.sub(r"[A-Za-z]+(\\'[A-Za-z]+)?",\\n ... lambda mo: mo.group(0)[0].upper() +\\n ... mo.group(0)[1:].lower(),\\n ... s)\\n ...\\n >>> titlecase("they\\'re bill\\'s friends.")\\n "They\\'re Bill\\'s Friends."\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.translate(table[, deletechars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string where all characters occurring in the\\n optional argument *deletechars* are removed, and the remaining\\n characters have been mapped through the given translation table,\\n which must be a string of length 256.\\n\\n You can use the "maketrans()" helper function in the "string"\\n module to create a translation table. For string objects, set the\\n *table* argument to "None" for translations that only delete\\n characters:\\n\\n >>> \\'read this short text\\'.translate(None, \\'aeiou\\')\\n \\'rd ths shrt txt\\'\\n\\n New in version 2.6: Support for a "None" *table* argument.\\n\\n For Unicode objects, the "translate()" method does not accept the\\n optional *deletechars* argument. Instead, it returns a copy of the\\n *s* where all characters have been mapped through the given\\n translation table which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to\\n Unicode ordinals, Unicode strings or "None". Unmapped characters\\n are left untouched. Characters mapped to "None" are deleted. Note,\\n a more flexible approach is to create a custom character mapping\\n codec using the "codecs" module (see "encodings.cp1251" for an\\n example).\\n\\nstr.upper()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]\\n converted to uppercase. Note that "str.upper().isupper()" might be\\n "False" if "s" contains uncased characters or if the Unicode\\n category of the resulting character(s) is not "Lu" (Letter,\\n uppercase), but e.g. "Lt" (Letter, titlecase).\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.zfill(width)\\n\\n Return the numeric string left filled with zeros in a string of\\n length *width*. A sign prefix is handled correctly. The original\\n string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to "len(s)".\\n\\n New in version 2.2.2.\\n\\nThe following methods are present only on unicode objects:\\n\\nunicode.isnumeric()\\n\\n Return "True" if there are only numeric characters in S, "False"\\n otherwise. Numeric characters include digit characters, and all\\n characters that have the Unicode numeric value property, e.g.\\n U+2155, VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH.\\n\\nunicode.isdecimal()\\n\\n Return "True" if there are only decimal characters in S, "False"\\n otherwise. Decimal characters include digit characters, and all\\n characters that can be used to form decimal-radix numbers, e.g.\\n U+0660, ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO.\\n', namespace 76 'typesseq': u'\\nSequence Types --- "str", "unicode", "list", "tuple", "bytearray", "buffer", "xrange"\\n*************************************************************************************\\n\\nThere are seven sequence types: strings, Unicode strings, lists,\\ntuples, bytearrays, buffers, and xrange objects.\\n\\nFor other containers see the built in "dict" and "set" classes, and\\nthe "collections" module.\\n\\nString literals are written in single or double quotes: "\\'xyzzy\\'",\\n""frobozz"". See String literals for more about string literals.\\nUnicode strings are much like strings, but are specified in the syntax\\nusing a preceding "\\'u\\'" character: "u\\'abc\\'", "u"def"". In addition to\\nthe functionality described here, there are also string-specific\\nmethods described in the String Methods section. Lists are constructed\\nwith square brackets, separating items with commas: "[a, b, c]".\\nTuples are constructed by the comma operator (not within square\\nbrackets), with or without enclosing parentheses, but an empty tuple\\nmust have the enclosing parentheses, such as "a, b, c" or "()". A\\nsingle item tuple must have a trailing comma, such as "(d,)".\\n\\nBytearray objects are created with the built-in function\\n"bytearray()".\\n\\nBuffer objects are not directly supported by Python syntax, but can be\\ncreated by calling the built-in function "buffer()". They don\\'t\\nsupport concatenation or repetition.\\n\\nObjects of type xrange are similar to buffers in that there is no\\nspecific syntax to create them, but they are created using the\\n"xrange()" function. They don\\'t support slicing, concatenation or\\nrepetition, and using "in", "not in", "min()" or "max()" on them is\\ninefficient.\\n\\nMost sequence types support the following operations. The "in" and\\n"not in" operations have the same priorities as the comparison\\noperations. The "+" and "*" operations have the same priority as the\\ncorresponding numeric operations. [3] Additional methods are provided\\nfor Mutable Sequence Types.\\n\\nThis table lists the sequence operations sorted in ascending priority.\\nIn the table, *s* and *t* are sequences of the same type; *n*, *i* and\\n*j* are integers:\\n\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| Operation | Result | Notes |\\n+====================+==================================+============+\\n| "x in s" | "True" if an item of *s* is | (1) |\\n| | equal to *x*, else "False" | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "x not in s" | "False" if an item of *s* is | (1) |\\n| | equal to *x*, else "True" | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s + t" | the concatenation of *s* and *t* | (6) |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s * n, n * s" | equivalent to adding *s* to | (2) |\\n| | itself *n* times | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s[i]" | *i*th item of *s*, origin 0 | (3) |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s[i:j]" | slice of *s* from *i* to *j* | (3)(4) |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s[i:j:k]" | slice of *s* from *i* to *j* | (3)(5) |\\n| | with step *k* | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "len(s)" | length of *s* | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "min(s)" | smallest item of *s* | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "max(s)" | largest item of *s* | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s.index(x)" | index of the first occurrence of | |\\n| | *x* in *s* | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n| "s.count(x)" | total number of occurrences of | |\\n| | *x* in *s* | |\\n+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+\\n\\nSequence types also support comparisons. In particular, tuples and\\nlists are compared lexicographically by comparing corresponding\\nelements. This means that to compare equal, every element must compare\\nequal and the two sequences must be of the same type and have the same\\nlength. (For full details see Comparisons in the language reference.)\\n\\nNotes:\\n\\n1. When *s* is a string or Unicode string object the "in" and "not\\n in" operations act like a substring test. In Python versions\\n before 2.3, *x* had to be a string of length 1. In Python 2.3 and\\n beyond, *x* may be a string of any length.\\n\\n2. Values of *n* less than "0" are treated as "0" (which yields an\\n empty sequence of the same type as *s*). Note that items in the\\n sequence *s* are not copied; they are referenced multiple times.\\n This often haunts new Python programmers; consider:\\n\\n >>> lists = [[]] * 3\\n >>> lists\\n [[], [], []]\\n >>> lists[0].append(3)\\n >>> lists\\n [[3], [3], [3]]\\n\\n What has happened is that "[[]]" is a one-element list containing\\n an empty list, so all three elements of "[[]] * 3" are references\\n to this single empty list. Modifying any of the elements of\\n "lists" modifies this single list. You can create a list of\\n different lists this way:\\n\\n >>> lists = [[] for i in range(3)]\\n >>> lists[0].append(3)\\n >>> lists[1].append(5)\\n >>> lists[2].append(7)\\n >>> lists\\n [[3], [5], [7]]\\n\\n Further explanation is available in the FAQ entry How do I create a\\n multidimensional list?.\\n\\n3. If *i* or *j* is negative, the index is relative to the end of\\n the string: "len(s) + i" or "len(s) + j" is substituted. But note\\n that "-0" is still "0".\\n\\n4. The slice of *s* from *i* to *j* is defined as the sequence of\\n items with index *k* such that "i <= k < j". If *i* or *j* is\\n greater than "len(s)", use "len(s)". If *i* is omitted or "None",\\n use "0". If *j* is omitted or "None", use "len(s)". If *i* is\\n greater than or equal to *j*, the slice is empty.\\n\\n5. The slice of *s* from *i* to *j* with step *k* is defined as the\\n sequence of items with index "x = i + n*k" such that "0 <= n <\\n (j-i)/k". In other words, the indices are "i", "i+k", "i+2*k",\\n "i+3*k" and so on, stopping when *j* is reached (but never\\n including *j*). If *i* or *j* is greater than "len(s)", use\\n "len(s)". If *i* or *j* are omitted or "None", they become "end"\\n values (which end depends on the sign of *k*). Note, *k* cannot be\\n zero. If *k* is "None", it is treated like "1".\\n\\n6. **CPython implementation detail:** If *s* and *t* are both\\n strings, some Python implementations such as CPython can usually\\n perform an in-place optimization for assignments of the form "s = s\\n + t" or "s += t". When applicable, this optimization makes\\n quadratic run-time much less likely. This optimization is both\\n version and implementation dependent. For performance sensitive\\n code, it is preferable to use the "str.join()" method which assures\\n consistent linear concatenation performance across versions and\\n implementations.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Formerly, string concatenation never\\n occurred in-place.\\n\\n\\nString Methods\\n==============\\n\\nBelow are listed the string methods which both 8-bit strings and\\nUnicode objects support. Some of them are also available on\\n"bytearray" objects.\\n\\nIn addition, Python\\'s strings support the sequence type methods\\ndescribed in the Sequence Types --- str, unicode, list, tuple,\\nbytearray, buffer, xrange section. To output formatted strings use\\ntemplate strings or the "%" operator described in the String\\nFormatting Operations section. Also, see the "re" module for string\\nfunctions based on regular expressions.\\n\\nstr.capitalize()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with its first character capitalized\\n and the rest lowercased.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.center(width[, fillchar])\\n\\n Return centered in a string of length *width*. Padding is done\\n using the specified *fillchar* (default is a space).\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for the *fillchar* argument.\\n\\nstr.count(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring *sub*\\n in the range [*start*, *end*]. Optional arguments *start* and\\n *end* are interpreted as in slice notation.\\n\\nstr.decode([encoding[, errors]])\\n\\n Decodes the string using the codec registered for *encoding*.\\n *encoding* defaults to the default string encoding. *errors* may\\n be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default is\\n "\\'strict\\'", meaning that encoding errors raise "UnicodeError".\\n Other possible values are "\\'ignore\\'", "\\'replace\\'" and any other\\n name registered via "codecs.register_error()", see section Codec\\n Base Classes.\\n\\n New in version 2.2.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Support for other error handling schemes\\n added.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.7: Support for keyword arguments added.\\n\\nstr.encode([encoding[, errors]])\\n\\n Return an encoded version of the string. Default encoding is the\\n current default string encoding. *errors* may be given to set a\\n different error handling scheme. The default for *errors* is\\n "\\'strict\\'", meaning that encoding errors raise a "UnicodeError".\\n Other possible values are "\\'ignore\\'", "\\'replace\\'",\\n "\\'xmlcharrefreplace\\'", "\\'backslashreplace\\'" and any other name\\n registered via "codecs.register_error()", see section Codec Base\\n Classes. For a list of possible encodings, see section Standard\\n Encodings.\\n\\n New in version 2.0.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Support for "\\'xmlcharrefreplace\\'" and\\n "\\'backslashreplace\\'" and other error handling schemes added.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.7: Support for keyword arguments added.\\n\\nstr.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return "True" if the string ends with the specified *suffix*,\\n otherwise return "False". *suffix* can also be a tuple of suffixes\\n to look for. With optional *start*, test beginning at that\\n position. With optional *end*, stop comparing at that position.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.5: Accept tuples as *suffix*.\\n\\nstr.expandtabs([tabsize])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are replaced\\n by one or more spaces, depending on the current column and the\\n given tab size. Tab positions occur every *tabsize* characters\\n (default is 8, giving tab positions at columns 0, 8, 16 and so on).\\n To expand the string, the current column is set to zero and the\\n string is examined character by character. If the character is a\\n tab ("\\\\t"), one or more space characters are inserted in the result\\n until the current column is equal to the next tab position. (The\\n tab character itself is not copied.) If the character is a newline\\n ("\\\\n") or return ("\\\\r"), it is copied and the current column is\\n reset to zero. Any other character is copied unchanged and the\\n current column is incremented by one regardless of how the\\n character is represented when printed.\\n\\n >>> \\'01\\\\t012\\\\t0123\\\\t01234\\'.expandtabs()\\n \\'01 012 0123 01234\\'\\n >>> \\'01\\\\t012\\\\t0123\\\\t01234\\'.expandtabs(4)\\n \\'01 012 0123 01234\\'\\n\\nstr.find(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return the lowest index in the string where substring *sub* is\\n found within the slice "s[start:end]". Optional arguments *start*\\n and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return "-1" if\\n *sub* is not found.\\n\\n Note: The "find()" method should be used only if you need to know\\n the position of *sub*. To check if *sub* is a substring or not,\\n use the "in" operator:\\n\\n >>> \\'Py\\' in \\'Python\\'\\n True\\n\\nstr.format(*args, **kwargs)\\n\\n Perform a string formatting operation. The string on which this\\n method is called can contain literal text or replacement fields\\n delimited by braces "{}". Each replacement field contains either\\n the numeric index of a positional argument, or the name of a\\n keyword argument. Returns a copy of the string where each\\n replacement field is replaced with the string value of the\\n corresponding argument.\\n\\n >>> "The sum of 1 + 2 is {0}".format(1+2)\\n \\'The sum of 1 + 2 is 3\\'\\n\\n See Format String Syntax for a description of the various\\n formatting options that can be specified in format strings.\\n\\n This method of string formatting is the new standard in Python 3,\\n and should be preferred to the "%" formatting described in String\\n Formatting Operations in new code.\\n\\n New in version 2.6.\\n\\nstr.index(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Like "find()", but raise "ValueError" when the substring is not\\n found.\\n\\nstr.isalnum()\\n\\n Return true if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and\\n there is at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isalpha()\\n\\n Return true if all characters in the string are alphabetic and\\n there is at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isdigit()\\n\\n Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there is\\n at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.islower()\\n\\n Return true if all cased characters [4] in the string are lowercase\\n and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isspace()\\n\\n Return true if there are only whitespace characters in the string\\n and there is at least one character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.istitle()\\n\\n Return true if the string is a titlecased string and there is at\\n least one character, for example uppercase characters may only\\n follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.\\n Return false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.isupper()\\n\\n Return true if all cased characters [4] in the string are uppercase\\n and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.join(iterable)\\n\\n Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the\\n *iterable* *iterable*. The separator between elements is the\\n string providing this method.\\n\\nstr.ljust(width[, fillchar])\\n\\n Return the string left justified in a string of length *width*.\\n Padding is done using the specified *fillchar* (default is a\\n space). The original string is returned if *width* is less than or\\n equal to "len(s)".\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for the *fillchar* argument.\\n\\nstr.lower()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]\\n converted to lowercase.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.lstrip([chars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. The\\n *chars* argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be\\n removed. If omitted or "None", the *chars* argument defaults to\\n removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a prefix; rather,\\n all combinations of its values are stripped:\\n\\n >>> \\' spacious \\'.lstrip()\\n \\'spacious \\'\\n >>> \\'www.example.com\\'.lstrip(\\'cmowz.\\')\\n \\'example.com\\'\\n\\n Changed in version 2.2.2: Support for the *chars* argument.\\n\\nstr.partition(sep)\\n\\n Split the string at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a\\n 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator\\n itself, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not\\n found, return a 3-tuple containing the string itself, followed by\\n two empty strings.\\n\\n New in version 2.5.\\n\\nstr.replace(old, new[, count])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring *old*\\n replaced by *new*. If the optional argument *count* is given, only\\n the first *count* occurrences are replaced.\\n\\nstr.rfind(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return the highest index in the string where substring *sub* is\\n found, such that *sub* is contained within "s[start:end]".\\n Optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in slice\\n notation. Return "-1" on failure.\\n\\nstr.rindex(sub[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Like "rfind()" but raises "ValueError" when the substring *sub* is\\n not found.\\n\\nstr.rjust(width[, fillchar])\\n\\n Return the string right justified in a string of length *width*.\\n Padding is done using the specified *fillchar* (default is a\\n space). The original string is returned if *width* is less than or\\n equal to "len(s)".\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for the *fillchar* argument.\\n\\nstr.rpartition(sep)\\n\\n Split the string at the last occurrence of *sep*, and return a\\n 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator\\n itself, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not\\n found, return a 3-tuple containing two empty strings, followed by\\n the string itself.\\n\\n New in version 2.5.\\n\\nstr.rsplit([sep[, maxsplit]])\\n\\n Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the\\n delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits\\n are done, the *rightmost* ones. If *sep* is not specified or\\n "None", any whitespace string is a separator. Except for splitting\\n from the right, "rsplit()" behaves like "split()" which is\\n described in detail below.\\n\\n New in version 2.4.\\n\\nstr.rstrip([chars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. The\\n *chars* argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be\\n removed. If omitted or "None", the *chars* argument defaults to\\n removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a suffix; rather,\\n all combinations of its values are stripped:\\n\\n >>> \\' spacious \\'.rstrip()\\n \\' spacious\\'\\n >>> \\'mississippi\\'.rstrip(\\'ipz\\')\\n \\'mississ\\'\\n\\n Changed in version 2.2.2: Support for the *chars* argument.\\n\\nstr.split([sep[, maxsplit]])\\n\\n Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the\\n delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit*\\n splits are done (thus, the list will have at most "maxsplit+1"\\n elements). If *maxsplit* is not specified or "-1", then there is\\n no limit on the number of splits (all possible splits are made).\\n\\n If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together\\n and are deemed to delimit empty strings (for example,\\n "\\'1,,2\\'.split(\\',\\')" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'\\', \\'2\\']"). The *sep* argument\\n may consist of multiple characters (for example,\\n "\\'1<>2<>3\\'.split(\\'<>\\')" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'2\\', \\'3\\']"). Splitting an\\n empty string with a specified separator returns "[\\'\\']".\\n\\n If *sep* is not specified or is "None", a different splitting\\n algorithm is applied: runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded\\n as a single separator, and the result will contain no empty strings\\n at the start or end if the string has leading or trailing\\n whitespace. Consequently, splitting an empty string or a string\\n consisting of just whitespace with a "None" separator returns "[]".\\n\\n For example, "\\' 1 2 3 \\'.split()" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'2\\', \\'3\\']", and\\n "\\' 1 2 3 \\'.split(None, 1)" returns "[\\'1\\', \\'2 3 \\']".\\n\\nstr.splitlines([keepends])\\n\\n Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line\\n boundaries. This method uses the *universal newlines* approach to\\n splitting lines. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list\\n unless *keepends* is given and true.\\n\\n Python recognizes ""\\\\r"", ""\\\\n"", and ""\\\\r\\\\n"" as line boundaries\\n for 8-bit strings.\\n\\n For example:\\n\\n >>> \\'ab c\\\\n\\\\nde fg\\\\rkl\\\\r\\\\n\\'.splitlines()\\n [\\'ab c\\', \\'\\', \\'de fg\\', \\'kl\\']\\n >>> \\'ab c\\\\n\\\\nde fg\\\\rkl\\\\r\\\\n\\'.splitlines(True)\\n [\\'ab c\\\\n\\', \\'\\\\n\\', \\'de fg\\\\r\\', \\'kl\\\\r\\\\n\\']\\n\\n Unlike "split()" when a delimiter string *sep* is given, this\\n method returns an empty list for the empty string, and a terminal\\n line break does not result in an extra line:\\n\\n >>> "".splitlines()\\n []\\n >>> "One line\\\\n".splitlines()\\n [\\'One line\\']\\n\\n For comparison, "split(\\'\\\\n\\')" gives:\\n\\n >>> \\'\\'.split(\\'\\\\n\\')\\n [\\'\\']\\n >>> \\'Two lines\\\\n\\'.split(\\'\\\\n\\')\\n [\\'Two lines\\', \\'\\']\\n\\nunicode.splitlines([keepends])\\n\\n Return a list of the lines in the string, like "str.splitlines()".\\n However, the Unicode method splits on the following line\\n boundaries, which are a superset of the *universal newlines*\\n recognized for 8-bit strings.\\n\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | Representation | Description |\\n +=========================+===============================+\\n | "\\\\n" | Line Feed |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\r" | Carriage Return |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\r\\\\n" | Carriage Return + Line Feed |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\v" or "\\\\x0b" | Line Tabulation |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\f" or "\\\\x0c" | Form Feed |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x1c" | File Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x1d" | Group Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x1e" | Record Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\x85" | Next Line (C1 Control Code) |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\u2028" | Line Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n | "\\\\u2029" | Paragraph Separator |\\n +-------------------------+-------------------------------+\\n\\n Changed in version 2.7: "\\\\v" and "\\\\f" added to list of line\\n boundaries.\\n\\nstr.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]])\\n\\n Return "True" if string starts with the *prefix*, otherwise return\\n "False". *prefix* can also be a tuple of prefixes to look for.\\n With optional *start*, test string beginning at that position.\\n With optional *end*, stop comparing string at that position.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.5: Accept tuples as *prefix*.\\n\\nstr.strip([chars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with the leading and trailing\\n characters removed. The *chars* argument is a string specifying the\\n set of characters to be removed. If omitted or "None", the *chars*\\n argument defaults to removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is\\n not a prefix or suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are\\n stripped:\\n\\n >>> \\' spacious \\'.strip()\\n \\'spacious\\'\\n >>> \\'www.example.com\\'.strip(\\'cmowz.\\')\\n \\'example\\'\\n\\n Changed in version 2.2.2: Support for the *chars* argument.\\n\\nstr.swapcase()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted to\\n lowercase and vice versa.\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.title()\\n\\n Return a titlecased version of the string where words start with an\\n uppercase character and the remaining characters are lowercase.\\n\\n The algorithm uses a simple language-independent definition of a\\n word as groups of consecutive letters. The definition works in\\n many contexts but it means that apostrophes in contractions and\\n possessives form word boundaries, which may not be the desired\\n result:\\n\\n >>> "they\\'re bill\\'s friends from the UK".title()\\n "They\\'Re Bill\\'S Friends From The Uk"\\n\\n A workaround for apostrophes can be constructed using regular\\n expressions:\\n\\n >>> import re\\n >>> def titlecase(s):\\n ... return re.sub(r"[A-Za-z]+(\\'[A-Za-z]+)?",\\n ... lambda mo: mo.group(0)[0].upper() +\\n ... mo.group(0)[1:].lower(),\\n ... s)\\n ...\\n >>> titlecase("they\\'re bill\\'s friends.")\\n "They\\'re Bill\\'s Friends."\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.translate(table[, deletechars])\\n\\n Return a copy of the string where all characters occurring in the\\n optional argument *deletechars* are removed, and the remaining\\n characters have been mapped through the given translation table,\\n which must be a string of length 256.\\n\\n You can use the "maketrans()" helper function in the "string"\\n module to create a translation table. For string objects, set the\\n *table* argument to "None" for translations that only delete\\n characters:\\n\\n >>> \\'read this short text\\'.translate(None, \\'aeiou\\')\\n \\'rd ths shrt txt\\'\\n\\n New in version 2.6: Support for a "None" *table* argument.\\n\\n For Unicode objects, the "translate()" method does not accept the\\n optional *deletechars* argument. Instead, it returns a copy of the\\n *s* where all characters have been mapped through the given\\n translation table which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to\\n Unicode ordinals, Unicode strings or "None". Unmapped characters\\n are left untouched. Characters mapped to "None" are deleted. Note,\\n a more flexible approach is to create a custom character mapping\\n codec using the "codecs" module (see "encodings.cp1251" for an\\n example).\\n\\nstr.upper()\\n\\n Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]\\n converted to uppercase. Note that "str.upper().isupper()" might be\\n "False" if "s" contains uncased characters or if the Unicode\\n category of the resulting character(s) is not "Lu" (Letter,\\n uppercase), but e.g. "Lt" (Letter, titlecase).\\n\\n For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.\\n\\nstr.zfill(width)\\n\\n Return the numeric string left filled with zeros in a string of\\n length *width*. A sign prefix is handled correctly. The original\\n string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to "len(s)".\\n\\n New in version 2.2.2.\\n\\nThe following methods are present only on unicode objects:\\n\\nunicode.isnumeric()\\n\\n Return "True" if there are only numeric characters in S, "False"\\n otherwise. Numeric characters include digit characters, and all\\n characters that have the Unicode numeric value property, e.g.\\n U+2155, VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH.\\n\\nunicode.isdecimal()\\n\\n Return "True" if there are only decimal characters in S, "False"\\n otherwise. Decimal characters include digit characters, and all\\n characters that can be used to form decimal-radix numbers, e.g.\\n U+0660, ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO.\\n\\n\\nString Formatting Operations\\n============================\\n\\nString and Unicode objects have one unique built-in operation: the "%"\\noperator (modulo). This is also known as the string *formatting* or\\n*interpolation* operator. Given "format % values" (where *format* is\\na string or Unicode object), "%" conversion specifications in *format*\\nare replaced with zero or more elements of *values*. The effect is\\nsimilar to the using "sprintf()" in the C language. If *format* is a\\nUnicode object, or if any of the objects being converted using the\\n"%s" conversion are Unicode objects, the result will also be a Unicode\\nobject.\\n\\nIf *format* requires a single argument, *values* may be a single non-\\ntuple object. [5] Otherwise, *values* must be a tuple with exactly\\nthe number of items specified by the format string, or a single\\nmapping object (for example, a dictionary).\\n\\nA conversion specifier contains two or more characters and has the\\nfollowing components, which must occur in this order:\\n\\n1. The "\\'%\\'" character, which marks the start of the specifier.\\n\\n2. Mapping key (optional), consisting of a parenthesised sequence\\n of characters (for example, "(somename)").\\n\\n3. Conversion flags (optional), which affect the result of some\\n conversion types.\\n\\n4. Minimum field width (optional). If specified as an "\\'*\\'"\\n (asterisk), the actual width is read from the next element of the\\n tuple in *values*, and the object to convert comes after the\\n minimum field width and optional precision.\\n\\n5. Precision (optional), given as a "\\'.\\'" (dot) followed by the\\n precision. If specified as "\\'*\\'" (an asterisk), the actual width\\n is read from the next element of the tuple in *values*, and the\\n value to convert comes after the precision.\\n\\n6. Length modifier (optional).\\n\\n7. Conversion type.\\n\\nWhen the right argument is a dictionary (or other mapping type), then\\nthe formats in the string *must* include a parenthesised mapping key\\ninto that dictionary inserted immediately after the "\\'%\\'" character.\\nThe mapping key selects the value to be formatted from the mapping.\\nFor example:\\n\\n>>> print \\'%(language)s has %(number)03d quote types.\\' % \\\\\\n... {"language": "Python", "number": 2}\\nPython has 002 quote types.\\n\\nIn this case no "*" specifiers may occur in a format (since they\\nrequire a sequential parameter list).\\n\\nThe conversion flag characters are:\\n\\n+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+\\n| Flag | Meaning |\\n+===========+=======================================================================+\\n| "\\'#\\'" | The value conversion will use the "alternate form" (where defined |\\n| | below). |\\n+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+\\n| "\\'0\\'" | The conversion will be zero padded for numeric values. |\\n+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+\\n| "\\'-\\'" | The converted value is left adjusted (overrides the "\\'0\\'" conversion |\\n| | if both are given). |\\n+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+\\n| "\\' \\'" | (a space) A blank should be left before a positive number (or empty |\\n| | string) produced by a signed conversion. |\\n+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+\\n| "\\'+\\'" | A sign character ("\\'+\\'" or "\\'-\\'") will precede the conversion |\\n| | (overrides a "space" flag). |\\n+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+\\n\\nA length modifier ("h", "l", or "L") may be present, but is ignored as\\nit is not necessary for Python -- so e.g. "%ld" is identical to "%d".\\n\\nThe conversion types are:\\n\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| Conversion | Meaning | Notes |\\n+==============+=======================================================+=========+\\n| "\\'d\\'" | Signed integer decimal. | |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'i\\'" | Signed integer decimal. | |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'o\\'" | Signed octal value. | (1) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'u\\'" | Obsolete type -- it is identical to "\\'d\\'". | (7) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'x\\'" | Signed hexadecimal (lowercase). | (2) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'X\\'" | Signed hexadecimal (uppercase). | (2) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'e\\'" | Floating point exponential format (lowercase). | (3) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'E\\'" | Floating point exponential format (uppercase). | (3) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'f\\'" | Floating point decimal format. | (3) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'F\\'" | Floating point decimal format. | (3) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'g\\'" | Floating point format. Uses lowercase exponential | (4) |\\n| | format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than | |\\n| | precision, decimal format otherwise. | |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'G\\'" | Floating point format. Uses uppercase exponential | (4) |\\n| | format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than | |\\n| | precision, decimal format otherwise. | |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'c\\'" | Single character (accepts integer or single character | |\\n| | string). | |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'r\\'" | String (converts any Python object using repr()). | (5) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'s\\'" | String (converts any Python object using "str()"). | (6) |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n| "\\'%\\'" | No argument is converted, results in a "\\'%\\'" | |\\n| | character in the result. | |\\n+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+\\n\\nNotes:\\n\\n1. The alternate form causes a leading zero ("\\'0\\'") to be inserted\\n between left-hand padding and the formatting of the number if the\\n leading character of the result is not already a zero.\\n\\n2. The alternate form causes a leading "\\'0x\\'" or "\\'0X\\'" (depending\\n on whether the "\\'x\\'" or "\\'X\\'" format was used) to be inserted\\n between left-hand padding and the formatting of the number if the\\n leading character of the result is not already a zero.\\n\\n3. The alternate form causes the result to always contain a decimal\\n point, even if no digits follow it.\\n\\n The precision determines the number of digits after the decimal\\n point and defaults to 6.\\n\\n4. The alternate form causes the result to always contain a decimal\\n point, and trailing zeroes are not removed as they would otherwise\\n be.\\n\\n The precision determines the number of significant digits before\\n and after the decimal point and defaults to 6.\\n\\n5. The "%r" conversion was added in Python 2.0.\\n\\n The precision determines the maximal number of characters used.\\n\\n6. If the object or format provided is a "unicode" string, the\\n resulting string will also be "unicode".\\n\\n The precision determines the maximal number of characters used.\\n\\n7. See **PEP 237**.\\n\\nSince Python strings have an explicit length, "%s" conversions do not\\nassume that "\\'\\\\0\\'" is the end of the string.\\n\\nChanged in version 2.7: "%f" conversions for numbers whose absolute\\nvalue is over 1e50 are no longer replaced by "%g" conversions.\\n\\nAdditional string operations are defined in standard modules "string"\\nand "re".\\n\\n\\nXRange Type\\n===========\\n\\nThe "xrange" type is an immutable sequence which is commonly used for\\nlooping. The advantage of the "xrange" type is that an "xrange"\\nobject will always take the same amount of memory, no matter the size\\nof the range it represents. There are no consistent performance\\nadvantages.\\n\\nXRange objects have very little behavior: they only support indexing,\\niteration, and the "len()" function.\\n\\n\\nMutable Sequence Types\\n======================\\n\\nList and "bytearray" objects support additional operations that allow\\nin-place modification of the object. Other mutable sequence types\\n(when added to the language) should also support these operations.\\nStrings and tuples are immutable sequence types: such objects cannot\\nbe modified once created. The following operations are defined on\\nmutable sequence types (where *x* is an arbitrary object):\\n\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| Operation | Result | Notes |\\n+================================+==================================+=======================+\\n| "s[i] = x" | item *i* of *s* is replaced by | |\\n| | *x* | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s[i:j] = t" | slice of *s* from *i* to *j* is | |\\n| | replaced by the contents of the | |\\n| | iterable *t* | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "del s[i:j]" | same as "s[i:j] = []" | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s[i:j:k] = t" | the elements of "s[i:j:k]" are | (1) |\\n| | replaced by those of *t* | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "del s[i:j:k]" | removes the elements of | |\\n| | "s[i:j:k]" from the list | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.append(x)" | same as "s[len(s):len(s)] = [x]" | (2) |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.extend(t)" or "s += t" | for the most part the same as | (3) |\\n| | "s[len(s):len(s)] = t" | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s *= n" | updates *s* with its contents | (11) |\\n| | repeated *n* times | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.count(x)" | return number of *i*\\'s for which | |\\n| | "s[i] == x" | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.index(x[, i[, j]])" | return smallest *k* such that | (4) |\\n| | "s[k] == x" and "i <= k < j" | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.insert(i, x)" | same as "s[i:i] = [x]" | (5) |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.pop([i])" | same as "x = s[i]; del s[i]; | (6) |\\n| | return x" | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.remove(x)" | same as "del s[s.index(x)]" | (4) |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.reverse()" | reverses the items of *s* in | (7) |\\n| | place | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n| "s.sort([cmp[, key[, | sort the items of *s* in place | (7)(8)(9)(10) |\\n| reverse]]])" | | |\\n+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------+\\n\\nNotes:\\n\\n1. *t* must have the same length as the slice it is replacing.\\n\\n2. The C implementation of Python has historically accepted\\n multiple parameters and implicitly joined them into a tuple; this\\n no longer works in Python 2.0. Use of this misfeature has been\\n deprecated since Python 1.4.\\n\\n3. *t* can be any iterable object.\\n\\n4. Raises "ValueError" when *x* is not found in *s*. When a\\n negative index is passed as the second or third parameter to the\\n "index()" method, the list length is added, as for slice indices.\\n If it is still negative, it is truncated to zero, as for slice\\n indices.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Previously, "index()" didn\\'t have arguments\\n for specifying start and stop positions.\\n\\n5. When a negative index is passed as the first parameter to the\\n "insert()" method, the list length is added, as for slice indices.\\n If it is still negative, it is truncated to zero, as for slice\\n indices.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Previously, all negative indices were\\n truncated to zero.\\n\\n6. The "pop()" method\\'s optional argument *i* defaults to "-1", so\\n that by default the last item is removed and returned.\\n\\n7. The "sort()" and "reverse()" methods modify the list in place\\n for economy of space when sorting or reversing a large list. To\\n remind you that they operate by side effect, they don\\'t return the\\n sorted or reversed list.\\n\\n8. The "sort()" method takes optional arguments for controlling the\\n comparisons.\\n\\n *cmp* specifies a custom comparison function of two arguments (list\\n items) which should return a negative, zero or positive number\\n depending on whether the first argument is considered smaller than,\\n equal to, or larger than the second argument: "cmp=lambda x,y:\\n cmp(x.lower(), y.lower())". The default value is "None".\\n\\n *key* specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract\\n a comparison key from each list element: "key=str.lower". The\\n default value is "None".\\n\\n *reverse* is a boolean value. If set to "True", then the list\\n elements are sorted as if each comparison were reversed.\\n\\n In general, the *key* and *reverse* conversion processes are much\\n faster than specifying an equivalent *cmp* function. This is\\n because *cmp* is called multiple times for each list element while\\n *key* and *reverse* touch each element only once. Use\\n "functools.cmp_to_key()" to convert an old-style *cmp* function to\\n a *key* function.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.3: Support for "None" as an equivalent to\\n omitting *cmp* was added.\\n\\n Changed in version 2.4: Support for *key* and *reverse* was added.\\n\\n9. Starting with Python 2.3, the "sort()" method is guaranteed to\\n be stable. A sort is stable if it guarantees not to change the\\n relative order of elements that compare equal --- this is helpful\\n for sorting in multiple passes (for example, sort by department,\\n then by salary grade).\\n\\n10. **CPython implementation detail:** While a list is being\\n sorted, the effect of attempting to mutate, or even inspect, the\\n list is undefined. The C implementation of Python 2.3 and newer\\n makes the list appear empty for the duration, and raises\\n "ValueError" if it can detect that the list has been mutated\\n during a sort.\\n\\n11. The value *n* is an integer, or an object implementing\\n "__index__()". Zero and negative values of *n* clear the\\n sequence. Items in the sequence are not copied; they are\\n referenced multiple times, as explained for "s * n" under Sequence\\n Types --- str, unicode, list, tuple, bytearray, buffer, xrange.\\n', namespace [all...]
/external/python/cpython2/Modules/_ctypes/
H A D	_ctypes.c	54 - construct an instance from a given memory block (sharing this memory block) 368 PyCStructType_Type - a meta type/class. Creating a new class using this one as 412 /* keep this for bw compatibility */ 969 /* If itemdict->format is NULL, then this is a pointer to an 971 'pointer to bytes' in this case. XXX Better would be to 2160 /* I think we can rely on this being a one-character string */ 2272 /* I have to check if this is correct. Using c_char, which has a size 2659 /* Hm. Must this set an exception? */ 2996 pointed to (which is the array in this case) alive, and not 3543 "cannot construct instance of this clas 3915 CDataObject *this; local [all...]
/external/python/cpython3/Lib/test/
H A D	test_enum.py	65 Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because') 177 this = 'that' variable in class:TestEnum.test_dir_with_added_behavior.Test 183 set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__', 'this', 'these']), 186 set(dir(Test.this)), 629 # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace 887 this = 'that' variable in class:TestEnum.test_exclude_methods.whatever 892 self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that') 897 NotHere = 'error before this point' 1003 this = 1 variable in class:TestEnum.test_inherited_repr.MyIntEnum 1991 @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this tes [all...]

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Indexes created Sun Aug 12 02:23:12 CEST 2018