1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22
23#include <android-base/properties.h>
24#include <binder/IBinder.h>
25#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
26#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
27#include <utils/Log.h>
28#include <utils/misc.h>
29#include <utils/Trace.h>
30#include <binder/Parcel.h>
31#include <utils/threads.h>
32#include <cutils/properties.h>
33
34#include <SkGraphics.h>
35
36#include "jni.h"
37#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
38#include <nativehelper/JniInvocation.h>
39#include "android_util_Binder.h"
40
41#include <stdio.h>
42#include <signal.h>
43#include <sys/stat.h>
44#include <sys/types.h>
45#include <signal.h>
46#include <dirent.h>
47#include <assert.h>
48
49#include <string>
50#include <vector>
51
52using namespace android;
53using android::base::GetProperty;
54
55extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
56extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
57extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
59extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
60extern int register_android_graphics_ByteBufferStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_ImageDecoder(JNIEnv*);
66extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedImageDrawable(JNIEnv*);
67extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
68extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
70extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
71extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
72extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
73extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
75
76extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
84extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
85extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
86extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
87extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
88extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
89
90extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
98extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
99extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
100extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
101extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
103
104extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
105extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
106extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
107extern int register_android_media_MicrophoneInfo(JNIEnv *env);
108extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
109extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
110
111namespace android {
112
113/*
114 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
115 * namespace android.
116 */
117extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_util_StatsLog(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_content_res_ApkAssets(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
130extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
132extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
137extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_android_view_TextureLayer(JNIEnv* env);
147extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
148extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
149extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
150extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
155extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
156extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
157extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
158extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
159extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
160extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
161extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
162extern int register_android_os_HidlSupport(JNIEnv* env);
163extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
164extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
165extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
167extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
168extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
169extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
171extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
172extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
173extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
175extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
176extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
177extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
178extern int register_android_os_SharedMemory(JNIEnv* env);
179extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
180extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
181extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_text_Hyphenator(JNIEnv *env);
183extern int register_android_text_MeasuredParagraph(JNIEnv* env);
184extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
188extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
191extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
192extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
193extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
194extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
195extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
196extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
197extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
199extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
200extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
201extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
204extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
205extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
206extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
207extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
208extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
209extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
210extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
211extern int register_android_security_Scrypt(JNIEnv *env);
212extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
213extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
214extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
215extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
216extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
217extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv *env);
218extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
219
220static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
221
222/*
223 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
224 */
225static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
226{
227    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
228}
229
230static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
231{
232    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
233}
234
235static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
236        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
237{
238    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
239}
240
241/*
242 * JNI registration.
243 */
244
245int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
246{
247    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
248        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
249            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
250        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
251            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
252    };
253    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
254        methods, NELEM(methods));
255}
256
257int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
258{
259    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
260        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
261            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
262    };
263    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
264        methods, NELEM(methods));
265}
266
267// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
268
269/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
270
271AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
272        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
273        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
274        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
275{
276    SkGraphics::Init();
277
278    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
279    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
280
281    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
282    gCurRuntime = this;
283}
284
285AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
286{
287}
288
289/*
290 * Register native methods using JNI.
291 */
292/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
293    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
294{
295    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
296}
297
298void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
299    if (setProcName) {
300        int len = strlen(argv0);
301        if (len < 15) {
302            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
303        } else {
304            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
305        }
306    }
307    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
308    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
309}
310
311status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
312    const Vector<String8>& args)
313{
314    JNIEnv* env;
315    jmethodID methodId;
316
317    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
318
319    env = getJNIEnv();
320    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
321        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
322    }
323
324    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
325    if (methodId == NULL) {
326        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
327        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
328    }
329
330    /*
331     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
332     * Create an array and populate it.
333     */
334    jclass stringClass;
335    jobjectArray strArray;
336
337    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
338    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
339    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
340
341    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
342        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
343        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
344    }
345
346    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
347    return NO_ERROR;
348}
349
350/*
351 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
352 */
353static void runtime_exit(int code)
354{
355    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
356}
357
358/*
359 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
360 *
361 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
362 */
363static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
364{
365    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
366}
367
368/**
369 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
370 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
371 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
372 *
373 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
374 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
375 * into us)
376 */
377static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
378    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
379    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
380}
381
382static int hasDir(const char* dir)
383{
384    struct stat s;
385    int res = stat(dir, &s);
386    if (res == 0) {
387        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
388    }
389    return 0;
390}
391
392static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
393    struct stat s;
394    int res = stat(file, &s);
395    if (res == 0) {
396        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
397    }
398    return false;
399}
400
401/*
402 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
403 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
404 *
405 * (1) persist.sys.locale
406 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
407 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
408 * (3) ro.product.locale
409 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
410 *
411 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
412 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
413 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
414 */
415const std::string readLocale()
416{
417    const std::string locale = GetProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
418    if (!locale.empty()) {
419        return locale;
420    }
421
422    const std::string language = GetProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
423    if (!language.empty()) {
424        const std::string country = GetProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
425        const std::string variant = GetProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
426
427        std::string out = language;
428        if (!country.empty()) {
429            out = out + "-" + country;
430        }
431
432        if (!variant.empty()) {
433            out = out + "-" + variant;
434        }
435
436        return out;
437    }
438
439    const std::string productLocale = GetProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
440    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
441        return productLocale;
442    }
443
444    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
445    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
446    const std::string productLanguage = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
447    const std::string productRegion = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
448
449    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
450}
451
452void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
453{
454    JavaVMOption opt;
455    opt.optionString = optionString;
456    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
457    mOptions.add(opt);
458}
459
460/*
461 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
462 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
463 *
464 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
465 *
466 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
467 *
468 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
469 */
470void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
471{
472    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
473    char* end = NULL;
474    while (*start != '\0') {
475        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
476            start++;
477        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
478            break;
479
480        end = start+1;
481        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
482            end++;
483        if (*end == ' ')
484            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
485
486        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
487            addOption(quotingArg);
488        }
489        addOption(start);
490        start = end;
491    }
492}
493
494/*
495 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
496 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
497 * as "-Xmx32m".
498 *
499 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
500 *
501 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
502 *
503 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
504 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
505 */
506bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
507                                        char* buffer,
508                                        const char* runtimeArg,
509                                        const char* defaultArg)
510{
511    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
512    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
513    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
514    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
515        return false;
516    }
517    addOption(buffer);
518    return true;
519}
520
521/*
522 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
523 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
524 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
525 *
526 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
527 *
528 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
529 *
530 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
531 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
532 */
533bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
534                                         char* buffer,
535                                         const char* compilerArg,
536                                         const char* quotingArg)
537{
538    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
539    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
540    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
541    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
542        return false;
543    }
544    addOption(quotingArg);
545    addOption(buffer);
546    return true;
547}
548
549/*
550 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
551 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
552 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
553 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
554 *
555 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
556 *
557 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
558 *
559 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
560 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
561 */
562bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
563                                                char* buffer,
564                                                const char* runtimeArg,
565                                                const char* quotingArg)
566{
567    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
568    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
569    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
570    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
571        return false;
572    }
573    addOption(quotingArg);
574    addOption("--runtime-arg");
575    addOption(quotingArg);
576    addOption(buffer);
577    return true;
578}
579
580/*
581 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
582 *
583 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
584 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
585 *
586 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
587 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
588 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
589 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
590 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
591 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
592 * and thus introduce a bug.
593 *
594 * Returns 0 on success.
595 */
596int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
597{
598    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
599    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
600    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
601    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
602    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
603    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
604    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
614    char hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
615    char madviseRandomOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char foregroundHeapGrowthMultiplierOptsBuf[
620            sizeof("-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
625    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
626    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
627    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
628    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
629    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
631    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
633    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
634    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
635    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
636    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
637    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
638    enum {
639      kEMDefault,
640      kEMIntPortable,
641      kEMIntFast,
642      kEMJitCompiler,
643    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
644    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
645    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
646    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
647    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
648    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
649    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
650    std::string fingerprintBuf;
651    char jdwpProviderBuf[sizeof("-XjdwpProvider:") - 1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
652
653    bool checkJni = false;
654    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
655    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
656        checkJni = true;
657    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
658        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
659        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
660        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
661            checkJni = true;
662        }
663    }
664    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
665    if (checkJni) {
666        /* extended JNI checking */
667        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
668
669        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
670        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
671    }
672
673    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
674    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
675        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
676    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
677        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
678    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
679        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
680    }
681
682    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
683    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
684    // the old scheme is enabled.
685    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
686    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
687        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
688    } else {
689        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
690    }
691
692    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
693    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
694        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
695    }
696
697    /* route exit() to our handler */
698    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
699
700    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
701    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
702
703    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
704    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
705
706    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
707    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
708    addOption("-verbose:gc");
709    //addOption("-verbose:class");
710
711    /*
712     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
713     * values should be specified in a product property override.
714     */
715    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
716    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
717
718    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
719    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
720    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
721    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
722                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
723                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
724
725    /* Foreground heap growth multiplier option */
726    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.foreground-heap-growth-multiplier",
727                       foregroundHeapGrowthMultiplierOptsBuf,
728                       "-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=");
729
730    /*
731     * JIT related options.
732     */
733    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
734    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
735    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
736    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
737    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
738    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
739        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
740    }
741
742    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
743                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
744                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
745
746    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
747                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
748                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
749
750    property_get("dalvik.vm.profilebootimage", propBuf, "");
751    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
752        addOption("-Xps-profile-boot-class-path");
753        addOption("-Xps-profile-aot-code");
754    }
755
756    /*
757     * Madvise related options.
758     */
759    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.madvise-random", madviseRandomOptsBuf, "-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:");
760
761    /*
762     * Profile related options.
763     */
764    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.hot-startup-method-samples", hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf,
765            "-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:");
766
767    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
768    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
769      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
770    }
771
772    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
773    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
774
775    /*
776     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
777     */
778    if (zygote) {
779      // Set the JDWP provider and required arguments. By default let the runtime choose how JDWP is
780      // implemented. When this is not set the runtime defaults to not allowing JDWP.
781      addOption("-XjdwpOptions:suspend=n,server=y");
782      parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jdwp-provider",
783                         jdwpProviderBuf,
784                         "-XjdwpProvider:",
785                         "default");
786    }
787
788    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
789                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
790                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
791
792    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
793        addOption("-Xint:portable");
794    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
795        addOption("-Xint:fast");
796    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
797        addOption("-Xint:jit");
798    }
799
800    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
801    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
802    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
803                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
804
805    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
806    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
807                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
808    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
809                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
810    if (skip_compilation) {
811        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
812        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
813    } else {
814        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
815                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
816    }
817
818    // If there is a boot profile, it takes precedence over the image and preloaded classes.
819    if (hasFile("/system/etc/boot-image.prof")) {
820        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
821        addOption("--profile-file=/system/etc/boot-image.prof");
822        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
823        addOption("--compiler-filter=speed-profile");
824    } else {
825        // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
826        if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
827            ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
828                  strerror(errno));
829            return -1;
830        }
831        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
832        addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
833
834        // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
835        if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
836            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
837            addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
838        }
839
840        // If there is a dirty-image-objects file, push it.
841        if (hasFile("/system/etc/dirty-image-objects")) {
842            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
843            addOption("--dirty-image-objects=/system/etc/dirty-image-objects");
844        }
845    }
846
847    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
848    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
849
850    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
851    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
852                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
853    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
854                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
855    if (skip_compilation) {
856        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
857        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
858
859        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
860        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
861        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
862        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
863        // directly instead.
864        addOption("--runtime-arg");
865        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
866    } else {
867        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
868                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
869    }
870    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
871    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
872                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
873
874    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
875    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
876    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
877#if defined(__arm__)
878    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
879#elif defined(__aarch64__)
880    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
881#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
882    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
883#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
884    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
885#elif defined(__i386__)
886    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
887#elif defined(__x86_64__)
888    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
889#else
890    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
891#endif
892    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
893    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
894    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
895
896    // Copy the variant.
897    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
898    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
899                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
900    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
901                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
902    // Copy the features.
903    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
904    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
905                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
906    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
907                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
908
909
910    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
911    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
912
913    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
914    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
915    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
916
917    /* Set the properties for locale */
918    {
919        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
920        const std::string locale = readLocale();
921        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
922        addOption(localeOption);
923    }
924
925    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
926    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
927    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
928        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
929        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
930            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
931            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
932                               methodTraceFileBuf,
933                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
934            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
935                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
936                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
937            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
938            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
939                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
940            }
941        }
942    }
943
944    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
945    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
946    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
947        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
948    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
949        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
950                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
951        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
952    }
953
954#if defined(__LP64__)
955    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
956#else
957    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
958#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
959    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
960    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
961        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
962        return -1;
963    }
964    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
965    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
966
967    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
968    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
969                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
970
971    /*
972     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
973     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
974     * will include native debugging information.
975     */
976    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
977    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
978        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
979        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
980        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
981        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
982    }
983
984    // The mini-debug-info makes it possible to backtrace through JIT code.
985    if (property_get_bool("dalvik.vm.minidebuginfo", 0)) {
986        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
987        addOption("--generate-mini-debug-info");
988    }
989
990    /*
991     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
992     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
993     * Fingerprints are potentially longer than PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX, so parseRuntimeOption() cannot
994     * be used here.
995     * Do not ever re-assign fingerprintBuf as its c_str() value is stored in mOptions.
996     */
997    std::string fingerprint = GetProperty("ro.build.fingerprint", "");
998    if (!fingerprint.empty()) {
999        fingerprintBuf = "-Xfingerprint:" + fingerprint;
1000        addOption(fingerprintBuf.c_str());
1001    }
1002
1003    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1004    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
1005    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
1006    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
1007
1008    /*
1009     * Initialize the VM.
1010     *
1011     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
1012     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
1013     * JNI calls.
1014     */
1015    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
1016        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
1017        return -1;
1018    }
1019
1020    return 0;
1021}
1022
1023char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
1024{
1025    char* result = strdup(className);
1026    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1027        if (*cp == '.') {
1028            *cp = '/';
1029        }
1030    }
1031    return result;
1032}
1033
1034/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
1035jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
1036    if (!bytes) return NULL;
1037    int length = strlen(bytes);
1038    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
1039    if (!buffer) return NULL;
1040    jchar* chp = buffer;
1041    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1042        *chp++ = *bytes++;
1043    }
1044    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
1045}
1046
1047
1048/*
1049 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
1050 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
1051 * named by "className".
1052 *
1053 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
1054 * options string.
1055 */
1056void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1057{
1058    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1059            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1060
1061    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1062
1063    /*
1064     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1065     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1066     */
1067    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1068        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1069           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1070           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1071           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1072        }
1073    }
1074
1075    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1076    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1077        rootDir = "/system";
1078        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1079            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1080            return;
1081        }
1082        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1083    }
1084
1085    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1086    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1087
1088    /* start the virtual machine */
1089    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1090    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1091    JNIEnv* env;
1092    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1093        return;
1094    }
1095    onVmCreated(env);
1096
1097    /*
1098     * Register android functions.
1099     */
1100    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1101        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1102        return;
1103    }
1104
1105    /*
1106     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1107     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1108     * Create an array to hold them.
1109     */
1110    jclass stringClass;
1111    jobjectArray strArray;
1112    jstring classNameStr;
1113
1114    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1115    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1116    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1117    assert(strArray != NULL);
1118    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1119    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1120    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1121
1122    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1123        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1124        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1125        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1126    }
1127
1128    /*
1129     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1130     * not return until the VM exits.
1131     */
1132    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : "");
1133    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1134    if (startClass == NULL) {
1135        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1136        /* keep going */
1137    } else {
1138        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1139            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1140        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1141            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1142            /* keep going */
1143        } else {
1144            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1145
1146#if 0
1147            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1148                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1149#endif
1150        }
1151    }
1152    free(slashClassName);
1153
1154    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1155    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1156        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1157    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1158        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1159}
1160
1161void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1162{
1163    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1164        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1165        ::_exit(code);
1166    } else {
1167        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1168        onExit(code);
1169        ::exit(code);
1170    }
1171}
1172
1173void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1174{
1175    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1176}
1177
1178/*
1179 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1180 *
1181 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1182 */
1183/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1184{
1185    JNIEnv* env;
1186    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1187    assert(vm != NULL);
1188
1189    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1190        return NULL;
1191    return env;
1192}
1193
1194/*
1195 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1196 *
1197 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1198 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1199 */
1200static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1201{
1202    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1203    JavaVM* vm;
1204    jint result;
1205
1206    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1207    assert(vm != NULL);
1208
1209    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1210    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1211    args.group = NULL;
1212
1213    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1214    if (result != JNI_OK)
1215        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1216
1217    return result;
1218}
1219
1220/*
1221 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1222 */
1223static int javaDetachThread(void)
1224{
1225    JavaVM* vm;
1226    jint result;
1227
1228    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1229    assert(vm != NULL);
1230
1231    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1232    if (result != JNI_OK)
1233        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1234    return result;
1235}
1236
1237/*
1238 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1239 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1240 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1241 */
1242/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1243    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1244    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1245    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1246    free(args);
1247    JNIEnv* env;
1248    int result;
1249
1250    /* hook us into the VM */
1251    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1252        return -1;
1253
1254    /* start the thread running */
1255    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1256
1257    /* unhook us */
1258    javaDetachThread();
1259    free(name);
1260
1261    return result;
1262}
1263
1264/*
1265 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1266 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1267 *
1268 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1269 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1270 */
1271/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1272                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1273                                void* userData,
1274                                const char* threadName,
1275                                int32_t threadPriority,
1276                                size_t threadStackSize,
1277                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1278{
1279    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1280    int result;
1281
1282    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1283
1284    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1285    args[1] = userData;
1286    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1287
1288    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1289        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1290    return result;
1291}
1292
1293/*
1294 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1295 *
1296 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1297 */
1298/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1299    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1300{
1301    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1302    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1303        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1304    return threadId;
1305}
1306
1307#if 0
1308static void quickTest(void* arg)
1309{
1310    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1311
1312    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1313}
1314#endif
1315
1316#ifdef NDEBUG
1317    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1318    struct RegJNIRec {
1319        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1320    };
1321#else
1322    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1323    struct RegJNIRec {
1324        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1325        const char* mName;
1326    };
1327#endif
1328
1329typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1330
1331static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1332{
1333    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1334        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1335#ifndef NDEBUG
1336            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1337#endif
1338            return -1;
1339        }
1340    }
1341    return 0;
1342}
1343
1344static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1345    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1346    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit),
1347    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_util_StatsLog),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1357    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ApkAssets),
1358    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1359    REG_JNI(register_android_text_Hyphenator),
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_text_MeasuredParagraph),
1361    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1362    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1363    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HidlSupport),
1369    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1370    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1371    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1372    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1375    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureLayer),
1383    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1388    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1389    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1390    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1391    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1402
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1406    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ByteBufferStreamAdaptor),
1407    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1408    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1409    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1412    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1414    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ImageDecoder),
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedImageDrawable),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1420    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1421    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1422    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1423    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1424    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1425    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1426    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1427    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1429    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1430    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1432    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1433    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1434    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1435    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1436
1437    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1439    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1440    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1441    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1442    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1443    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1444    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1445    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1446    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1447    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1448    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1449    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1450    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1451    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SharedMemory),
1452    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory),
1453    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1454    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1455    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1456    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1457    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1458    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1459    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1460    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1461    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1462    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1463    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1464    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1465    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1466    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1467    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1468    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1469    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1470    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1471    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1472    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1473    REG_JNI(register_android_media_MicrophoneInfo),
1474    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1475    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1476
1477    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1478    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1479    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1480    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1481    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1482    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1483    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1484    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1485    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1486    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1487    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1488    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1489    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1490    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1491    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1492    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1493    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1494    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1495    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1496    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1497
1498    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1499    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1500
1501    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1502    REG_JNI(register_android_security_Scrypt),
1503    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1504    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1505    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1506};
1507
1508/*
1509 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1510 */
1511/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1512{
1513    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1514    /*
1515     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1516     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1517     * Attach calls.)
1518     */
1519    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1520
1521    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1522
1523    /*
1524     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1525     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1526     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1527     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1528     */
1529    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1530
1531    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1532        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1533        return -1;
1534    }
1535    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1536
1537    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1538
1539    return 0;
1540}
1541
1542AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1543{
1544    return gCurRuntime;
1545}
1546
1547/**
1548 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1549 * the framework.
1550 */
1551extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1552    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1553}
1554}   // namespace android
1555