AndroidRuntime.cpp revision 1a58d2b9db3d66436e3004254bd39a47bb535e1a 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22#include <binder/IBinder.h>
23#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
24#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
25#include <utils/Log.h>
26#include <utils/misc.h>
27#include <utils/Trace.h>
28#include <binder/Parcel.h>
29#include <utils/threads.h>
30#include <cutils/properties.h>
31
32#include <SkGraphics.h>
33
34#include "jni.h"
35#include "JNIHelp.h"
36#include "JniInvocation.h"
37#include "android_util_Binder.h"
38
39#include <stdio.h>
40#include <signal.h>
41#include <sys/stat.h>
42#include <sys/types.h>
43#include <signal.h>
44#include <dirent.h>
45#include <assert.h>
46
47#include <string>
48#include <vector>
49
50
51using namespace android;
52
53extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
54extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
55extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
56extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
57extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
59extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
60extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
66extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
68extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
70
71extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
72extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
73extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
84
85extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
86extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
87extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
88extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
89extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
90extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_Radio(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
98extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
99
100extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
101extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
103extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
104extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
105
106namespace android {
107
108/*
109 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
110 * namespace android.
111 */
112extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
113extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
130extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
132extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
147extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
148extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
149extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
150extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
155extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
156extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
157extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
159extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
160extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
161extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
162extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
163extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
164extern int register_android_os_seccomp(JNIEnv* env);
165extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
168extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
169extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
171extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
175extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
176extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
177extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
178extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
179extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
180extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
181extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
183extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
184extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders(JNIEnv *env);
188extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
191extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
192extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
193extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
194extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
195extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
196extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
197extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
199extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
200extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
201extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
204extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
205extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
206extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
207extern int register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
208extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
209extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
210
211static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
212
213/*
214 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
215 */
216static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
217{
218    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
219}
220
221static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
222{
223    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
224}
225
226static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
227        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
228{
229    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
230}
231
232/*
233 * JNI registration.
234 */
235
236int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
237{
238    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
239        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
240            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
241        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
242            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
243    };
244    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
245        methods, NELEM(methods));
246}
247
248int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
249{
250    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
251        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
252            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
253    };
254    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
255        methods, NELEM(methods));
256}
257
258// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
259
260/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
261
262AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
263        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
264        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
265        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
266{
267    SkGraphics::Init();
268
269    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
270    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
271
272    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
273    gCurRuntime = this;
274}
275
276AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
277{
278}
279
280/*
281 * Register native methods using JNI.
282 */
283/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
284    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
285{
286    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
287}
288
289void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
290    if (setProcName) {
291        int len = strlen(argv0);
292        if (len < 15) {
293            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
294        } else {
295            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
296        }
297    }
298    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
299    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
300}
301
302status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
303    const Vector<String8>& args)
304{
305    JNIEnv* env;
306    jmethodID methodId;
307
308    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
309
310    env = getJNIEnv();
311    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
312        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
313    }
314
315    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
316    if (methodId == NULL) {
317        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
318        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
319    }
320
321    /*
322     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
323     * Create an array and populate it.
324     */
325    jclass stringClass;
326    jobjectArray strArray;
327
328    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
329    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
330    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
331
332    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
333        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
334        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
335    }
336
337    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
338    return NO_ERROR;
339}
340
341/*
342 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
343 */
344static void runtime_exit(int code)
345{
346    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
347}
348
349/*
350 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
351 *
352 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
353 */
354static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
355{
356    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
357}
358
359/**
360 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
361 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
362 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
363 *
364 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
365 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
366 * into us)
367 */
368static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
369    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
370    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
371}
372
373static int hasDir(const char* dir)
374{
375    struct stat s;
376    int res = stat(dir, &s);
377    if (res == 0) {
378        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
379    }
380    return 0;
381}
382
383static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
384    struct stat s;
385    int res = stat(file, &s);
386    if (res == 0) {
387        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
388    }
389    return false;
390}
391
392// Convenience wrapper over the property API that returns an
393// std::string.
394std::string getProperty(const char* key, const char* defaultValue) {
395    std::vector<char> temp(PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
396    const int len = property_get(key, &temp[0], defaultValue);
397    if (len < 0) {
398        return "";
399    }
400    return std::string(&temp[0], len);
401}
402
403/*
404 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
405 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
406 *
407 * (1) persist.sys.locale
408 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
409 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
410 * (3) ro.product.locale
411 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
412 *
413 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
414 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
415 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
416 */
417const std::string readLocale()
418{
419    const std::string locale = getProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
420    if (!locale.empty()) {
421        return locale;
422    }
423
424    const std::string language = getProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
425    if (!language.empty()) {
426        const std::string country = getProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
427        const std::string variant = getProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
428
429        std::string out = language;
430        if (!country.empty()) {
431            out = out + "-" + country;
432        }
433
434        if (!variant.empty()) {
435            out = out + "-" + variant;
436        }
437
438        return out;
439    }
440
441    const std::string productLocale = getProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
442    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
443        return productLocale;
444    }
445
446    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
447    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
448    const std::string productLanguage = getProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
449    const std::string productRegion = getProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
450
451    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
452}
453
454void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
455{
456    JavaVMOption opt;
457    opt.optionString = optionString;
458    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
459    mOptions.add(opt);
460}
461
462/*
463 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
464 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
465 *
466 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
467 *
468 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
469 *
470 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
471 */
472void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
473{
474    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
475    char* end = NULL;
476    while (*start != '\0') {
477        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
478            start++;
479        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
480            break;
481
482        end = start+1;
483        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
484            end++;
485        if (*end == ' ')
486            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
487
488        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
489            addOption(quotingArg);
490        }
491        addOption(start);
492        start = end;
493    }
494}
495
496/*
497 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
498 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
499 * as "-Xmx32m".
500 *
501 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
502 *
503 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
504 *
505 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
506 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
507 */
508bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
509                                        char* buffer,
510                                        const char* runtimeArg,
511                                        const char* defaultArg)
512{
513    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
514    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
515    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
516    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
517        return false;
518    }
519    addOption(buffer);
520    return true;
521}
522
523/*
524 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
525 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
526 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
527 *
528 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
529 *
530 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
531 *
532 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
533 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
534 */
535bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
536                                         char* buffer,
537                                         const char* compilerArg,
538                                         const char* quotingArg)
539{
540    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
541    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
542    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
543    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
544        return false;
545    }
546    addOption(quotingArg);
547    addOption(buffer);
548    return true;
549}
550
551/*
552 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
553 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
554 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
555 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
556 *
557 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
558 *
559 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
560 *
561 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
562 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
563 */
564bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
565                                                char* buffer,
566                                                const char* runtimeArg,
567                                                const char* quotingArg)
568{
569    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
570    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
571    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
572    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
573        return false;
574    }
575    addOption(quotingArg);
576    addOption("--runtime-arg");
577    addOption(quotingArg);
578    addOption(buffer);
579    return true;
580}
581
582/*
583 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
584 *
585 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
586 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
587 *
588 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
589 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
590 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
591 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
592 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
593 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
594 * and thus introduce a bug.
595 *
596 * Returns 0 on success.
597 */
598int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
599{
600    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
601    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
602    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
603    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
604    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
614    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
615    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
620    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
625    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
626    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
627    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
628    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
629    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
631    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
633    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
634    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
635    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
636    enum {
637      kEMDefault,
638      kEMIntPortable,
639      kEMIntFast,
640      kEMJitCompiler,
641    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
642    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
643    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
644    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
645    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
646    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
647    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
648    char fingerprintBuf[sizeof("-Xfingerprint:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
649
650    bool checkJni = false;
651    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
652    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
653        checkJni = true;
654    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
655        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
656        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
657        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
658            checkJni = true;
659        }
660    }
661    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
662    if (checkJni) {
663        /* extended JNI checking */
664        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
665
666        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
667        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
668    }
669
670    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
671    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
672        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
673    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
674        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
675    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
676        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
677    }
678
679    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
680    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
681    // the old scheme is enabled.
682    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
683    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
684        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
685    } else {
686        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
687    }
688
689    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
690    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
691        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
692    }
693
694    /* route exit() to our handler */
695    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
696
697    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
698    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
699
700    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
701    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
702
703    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
704    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
705    addOption("-verbose:gc");
706    //addOption("-verbose:class");
707
708    /*
709     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
710     * values should be specified in a product property override.
711     */
712    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
713    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
714
715    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
716    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
717    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
718    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
719                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
720                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
721
722    /*
723     * JIT related options.
724     */
725    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
726    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
727    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
728    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
729    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
730    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
731        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
732    }
733
734    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
735                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
736                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
737
738    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
739                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
740                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
741
742    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
743    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
744      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
745    }
746
747    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
748    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
749
750    /*
751     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
752     * Set suspend=y to pause during VM init and use android ADB transport.
753     */
754    if (zygote) {
755      addOption("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y");
756    }
757
758    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
759                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
760                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
761
762    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
763        addOption("-Xint:portable");
764    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
765        addOption("-Xint:fast");
766    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
767        addOption("-Xint:jit");
768    }
769
770    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
771    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
772    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
773                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
774
775    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
776    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
777                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
778    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
779                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
780    if (skip_compilation) {
781        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
782        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
783    } else {
784        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
785                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
786    }
787
788    // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
789    if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
790        ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
791              strerror(errno));
792        return -1;
793    }
794    addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
795    addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
796
797    // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
798    if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
799        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
800        addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
801    }
802
803    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
804    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
805
806    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
807    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
808                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
809    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
810                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
811    if (skip_compilation) {
812        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
813        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
814
815        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
816        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
817        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
818        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
819        // directly instead.
820        addOption("--runtime-arg");
821        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
822    } else {
823        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
824                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
825    }
826    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
827    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
828                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
829
830    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
831    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
832    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
833#if defined(__arm__)
834    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
835#elif defined(__aarch64__)
836    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
837#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
838    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
839#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
840    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
841#elif defined(__i386__)
842    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
843#elif defined(__x86_64__)
844    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
845#else
846    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
847#endif
848    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
849    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
850    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
851
852    // Copy the variant.
853    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
854    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
855                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
856    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
857                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
858    // Copy the features.
859    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
860    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
861                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
862    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
863                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
864
865
866    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
867    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
868
869    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
870    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
871    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
872
873    /* Set the properties for locale */
874    {
875        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
876        const std::string locale = readLocale();
877        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
878        addOption(localeOption);
879    }
880
881    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
882    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
883    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
884        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
885        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
886            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
887            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
888                               methodTraceFileBuf,
889                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
890            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
891                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
892                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
893            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
894            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
895                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
896            }
897        }
898    }
899
900    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
901    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
902    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
903        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
904    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
905        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
906                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
907        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
908    }
909
910#if defined(__LP64__)
911    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
912#else
913    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
914#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
915    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
916    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
917        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
918        return -1;
919    }
920    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
921    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
922
923    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
924    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
925                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
926
927    /*
928     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
929     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
930     * will include native debugging information.
931     */
932    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
933    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
934        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
935        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
936        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
937        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
938    }
939
940    /*
941     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
942     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
943     */
944    parseRuntimeOption("ro.build.fingerprint", fingerprintBuf, "-Xfingerprint:");
945
946    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
947    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
948    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
949    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
950
951    /*
952     * Initialize the VM.
953     *
954     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
955     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
956     * JNI calls.
957     */
958    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
959        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
960        return -1;
961    }
962
963    return 0;
964}
965
966char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
967{
968    char* result = strdup(className);
969    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
970        if (*cp == '.') {
971            *cp = '/';
972        }
973    }
974    return result;
975}
976
977/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
978jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
979    if (!bytes) return NULL;
980    int length = strlen(bytes);
981    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
982    if (!buffer) return NULL;
983    jchar* chp = buffer;
984    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
985        *chp++ = *bytes++;
986    }
987    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
988}
989
990
991/*
992 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
993 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
994 * named by "className".
995 *
996 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
997 * options string.
998 */
999void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1000{
1001    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1002            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1003
1004    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1005
1006    /*
1007     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1008     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1009     */
1010    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1011        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1012           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1013           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1014           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1015        }
1016    }
1017
1018    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1019    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1020        rootDir = "/system";
1021        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1022            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1023            return;
1024        }
1025        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1026    }
1027
1028    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1029    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1030
1031    /* start the virtual machine */
1032    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1033    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1034    JNIEnv* env;
1035    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1036        return;
1037    }
1038    onVmCreated(env);
1039
1040    /*
1041     * Register android functions.
1042     */
1043    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1044        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1045        return;
1046    }
1047
1048    /*
1049     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1050     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1051     * Create an array to hold them.
1052     */
1053    jclass stringClass;
1054    jobjectArray strArray;
1055    jstring classNameStr;
1056
1057    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1058    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1059    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1060    assert(strArray != NULL);
1061    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1062    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1063    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1064
1065    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1066        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1067        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1068        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1069    }
1070
1071    /*
1072     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1073     * not return until the VM exits.
1074     */
1075    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
1076    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1077    if (startClass == NULL) {
1078        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1079        /* keep going */
1080    } else {
1081        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1082            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1083        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1084            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1085            /* keep going */
1086        } else {
1087            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1088
1089#if 0
1090            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1091                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1092#endif
1093        }
1094    }
1095    free(slashClassName);
1096
1097    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1098    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1099        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1100    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1101        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1102}
1103
1104void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1105{
1106    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1107        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1108        ::_exit(code);
1109    } else {
1110        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1111        onExit(code);
1112        ::exit(code);
1113    }
1114}
1115
1116void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1117{
1118    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1119}
1120
1121/*
1122 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1123 *
1124 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1125 */
1126/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1127{
1128    JNIEnv* env;
1129    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1130    assert(vm != NULL);
1131
1132    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1133        return NULL;
1134    return env;
1135}
1136
1137/*
1138 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1139 *
1140 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1141 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1142 */
1143static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1144{
1145    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1146    JavaVM* vm;
1147    jint result;
1148
1149    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1150    assert(vm != NULL);
1151
1152    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1153    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1154    args.group = NULL;
1155
1156    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1157    if (result != JNI_OK)
1158        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1159
1160    return result;
1161}
1162
1163/*
1164 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1165 */
1166static int javaDetachThread(void)
1167{
1168    JavaVM* vm;
1169    jint result;
1170
1171    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1172    assert(vm != NULL);
1173
1174    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1175    if (result != JNI_OK)
1176        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1177    return result;
1178}
1179
1180/*
1181 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1182 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1183 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1184 */
1185/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1186    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1187    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1188    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1189    free(args);
1190    JNIEnv* env;
1191    int result;
1192
1193    /* hook us into the VM */
1194    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1195        return -1;
1196
1197    /* start the thread running */
1198    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1199
1200    /* unhook us */
1201    javaDetachThread();
1202    free(name);
1203
1204    return result;
1205}
1206
1207/*
1208 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1209 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1210 *
1211 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1212 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1213 */
1214/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1215                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1216                                void* userData,
1217                                const char* threadName,
1218                                int32_t threadPriority,
1219                                size_t threadStackSize,
1220                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1221{
1222    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1223    int result;
1224
1225    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1226
1227    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1228    args[1] = userData;
1229    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1230
1231    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1232        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1233    return result;
1234}
1235
1236/*
1237 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1238 *
1239 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1240 */
1241/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1242    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1243{
1244    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1245    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1246        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1247    return threadId;
1248}
1249
1250#if 0
1251static void quickTest(void* arg)
1252{
1253    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1254
1255    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1256}
1257#endif
1258
1259#ifdef NDEBUG
1260    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1261    struct RegJNIRec {
1262        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1263    };
1264#else
1265    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1266    struct RegJNIRec {
1267        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1268        const char* mName;
1269    };
1270#endif
1271
1272typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1273
1274static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1275{
1276    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1277        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1278#ifndef NDEBUG
1279            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1280#endif
1281            return -1;
1282        }
1283    }
1284    return 0;
1285}
1286
1287static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1288    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1289    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1290    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1291    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1292    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1293    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1294    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1295    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1296    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1297    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1298    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1299    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1300    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1301    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
1302    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1303    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1304    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1305    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1306    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1307    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1308    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1309    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1310    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1311    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1312    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1313    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1314    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1315    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1316    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1317    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1318    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1319    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1320    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1321    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
1322    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1323    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1324    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1325    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1326    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1327    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1328    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1329    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1330    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1331    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1332    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1333    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1334    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1335    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1336    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1337    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1338    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1339    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1340    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1341
1342    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1343    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1344    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1345    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1346    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1347    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1357    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1358    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1359    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1361    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1362    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1363    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1369    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1370    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1371    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1372
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1375    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_os_seccomp),
1383    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1388    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1389    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory),
1390    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1391    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Radio),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1402    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1406    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1407    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1408    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1409    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1412
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1414    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1420    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1421    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1422    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1423    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders),
1424    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1425    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1426    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1427    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1429    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1430    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1432    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1433    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1434
1435    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1436    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1437
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1439    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1440    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1441    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1442};
1443
1444/*
1445 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1446 */
1447/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1448{
1449    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1450    /*
1451     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1452     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1453     * Attach calls.)
1454     */
1455    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1456
1457    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1458
1459    /*
1460     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1461     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1462     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1463     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1464     */
1465    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1466
1467    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1468        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1469        return -1;
1470    }
1471    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1472
1473    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1474
1475    return 0;
1476}
1477
1478AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1479{
1480    return gCurRuntime;
1481}
1482
1483/**
1484 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1485 * the framework.
1486 */
1487extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1488    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1489}
1490}   // namespace android
1491