AndroidRuntime.cpp revision 1fe1dc0131f8251703ad54ac5e79eefa84affc2b 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22#include <binder/IBinder.h>
23#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
24#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
25#include <utils/Log.h>
26#include <utils/misc.h>
27#include <utils/Trace.h>
28#include <binder/Parcel.h>
29#include <utils/threads.h>
30#include <cutils/properties.h>
31
32#include <SkGraphics.h>
33
34#include "jni.h"
35#include "JNIHelp.h"
36#include "JniInvocation.h"
37#include "android_util_Binder.h"
38
39#include <stdio.h>
40#include <signal.h>
41#include <sys/stat.h>
42#include <sys/types.h>
43#include <signal.h>
44#include <dirent.h>
45#include <assert.h>
46
47#include <string>
48#include <vector>
49
50
51using namespace android;
52
53extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
54extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
55extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
56extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
57extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
59extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
60extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
66extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
68extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
70
71extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
72extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
73extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
84
85extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
86extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
87extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
88extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
89extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
90extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
98
99extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
100extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
101extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
103extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
104
105namespace android {
106
107/*
108 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
109 * namespace android.
110 */
111extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
112extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
113extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
129extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
130extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
132extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
147extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
148extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
149extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
150extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
155extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
156extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
157extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
159extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
160extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
161extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
162extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
163extern int register_android_os_seccomp(JNIEnv* env);
164extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
165extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
166extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
168extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
169extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_SharedMemory(JNIEnv* env);
171extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
175extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
176extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
177extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
178extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
179extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
180extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
181extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
183extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
184extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders(JNIEnv *env);
188extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
191extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
192extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
193extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
194extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
195extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
196extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
197extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
199extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
200extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
201extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
204extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
205extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
206extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
207extern int register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
208extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
209extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv *env);
210extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
211
212static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
213
214/*
215 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
216 */
217static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
218{
219    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
220}
221
222static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
223{
224    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
225}
226
227static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
228        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
229{
230    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
231}
232
233/*
234 * JNI registration.
235 */
236
237int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
238{
239    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
240        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
241            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
242        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
243            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
244    };
245    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
246        methods, NELEM(methods));
247}
248
249int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
250{
251    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
252        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
253            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
254    };
255    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
256        methods, NELEM(methods));
257}
258
259// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
260
261/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
262
263AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
264        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
265        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
266        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
267{
268    SkGraphics::Init();
269
270    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
271    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
272
273    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
274    gCurRuntime = this;
275}
276
277AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
278{
279}
280
281/*
282 * Register native methods using JNI.
283 */
284/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
285    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
286{
287    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
288}
289
290void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
291    if (setProcName) {
292        int len = strlen(argv0);
293        if (len < 15) {
294            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
295        } else {
296            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
297        }
298    }
299    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
300    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
301}
302
303status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
304    const Vector<String8>& args)
305{
306    JNIEnv* env;
307    jmethodID methodId;
308
309    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
310
311    env = getJNIEnv();
312    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
313        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
314    }
315
316    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
317    if (methodId == NULL) {
318        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
319        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
320    }
321
322    /*
323     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
324     * Create an array and populate it.
325     */
326    jclass stringClass;
327    jobjectArray strArray;
328
329    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
330    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
331    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
332
333    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
334        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
335        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
336    }
337
338    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
339    return NO_ERROR;
340}
341
342/*
343 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
344 */
345static void runtime_exit(int code)
346{
347    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
348}
349
350/*
351 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
352 *
353 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
354 */
355static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
356{
357    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
358}
359
360/**
361 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
362 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
363 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
364 *
365 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
366 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
367 * into us)
368 */
369static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
370    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
371    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
372}
373
374static int hasDir(const char* dir)
375{
376    struct stat s;
377    int res = stat(dir, &s);
378    if (res == 0) {
379        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
380    }
381    return 0;
382}
383
384static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
385    struct stat s;
386    int res = stat(file, &s);
387    if (res == 0) {
388        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
389    }
390    return false;
391}
392
393// Convenience wrapper over the property API that returns an
394// std::string.
395std::string getProperty(const char* key, const char* defaultValue) {
396    std::vector<char> temp(PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
397    const int len = property_get(key, &temp[0], defaultValue);
398    if (len < 0) {
399        return "";
400    }
401    return std::string(&temp[0], len);
402}
403
404/*
405 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
406 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
407 *
408 * (1) persist.sys.locale
409 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
410 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
411 * (3) ro.product.locale
412 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
413 *
414 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
415 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
416 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
417 */
418const std::string readLocale()
419{
420    const std::string locale = getProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
421    if (!locale.empty()) {
422        return locale;
423    }
424
425    const std::string language = getProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
426    if (!language.empty()) {
427        const std::string country = getProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
428        const std::string variant = getProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
429
430        std::string out = language;
431        if (!country.empty()) {
432            out = out + "-" + country;
433        }
434
435        if (!variant.empty()) {
436            out = out + "-" + variant;
437        }
438
439        return out;
440    }
441
442    const std::string productLocale = getProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
443    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
444        return productLocale;
445    }
446
447    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
448    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
449    const std::string productLanguage = getProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
450    const std::string productRegion = getProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
451
452    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
453}
454
455void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
456{
457    JavaVMOption opt;
458    opt.optionString = optionString;
459    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
460    mOptions.add(opt);
461}
462
463/*
464 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
465 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
466 *
467 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
468 *
469 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
470 *
471 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
472 */
473void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
474{
475    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
476    char* end = NULL;
477    while (*start != '\0') {
478        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
479            start++;
480        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
481            break;
482
483        end = start+1;
484        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
485            end++;
486        if (*end == ' ')
487            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
488
489        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
490            addOption(quotingArg);
491        }
492        addOption(start);
493        start = end;
494    }
495}
496
497/*
498 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
499 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
500 * as "-Xmx32m".
501 *
502 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
503 *
504 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
505 *
506 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
507 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
508 */
509bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
510                                        char* buffer,
511                                        const char* runtimeArg,
512                                        const char* defaultArg)
513{
514    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
515    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
516    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
517    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
518        return false;
519    }
520    addOption(buffer);
521    return true;
522}
523
524/*
525 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
526 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
527 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
528 *
529 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
530 *
531 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
532 *
533 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
534 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
535 */
536bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
537                                         char* buffer,
538                                         const char* compilerArg,
539                                         const char* quotingArg)
540{
541    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
542    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
543    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
544    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
545        return false;
546    }
547    addOption(quotingArg);
548    addOption(buffer);
549    return true;
550}
551
552/*
553 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
554 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
555 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
556 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
557 *
558 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
559 *
560 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
561 *
562 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
563 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
564 */
565bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
566                                                char* buffer,
567                                                const char* runtimeArg,
568                                                const char* quotingArg)
569{
570    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
571    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
572    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
573    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
574        return false;
575    }
576    addOption(quotingArg);
577    addOption("--runtime-arg");
578    addOption(quotingArg);
579    addOption(buffer);
580    return true;
581}
582
583/*
584 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
585 *
586 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
587 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
588 *
589 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
590 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
591 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
592 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
593 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
594 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
595 * and thus introduce a bug.
596 *
597 * Returns 0 on success.
598 */
599int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
600{
601    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
602    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
603    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
604    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
614    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
615    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
620    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
625    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
626    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
627    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
628    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
629    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
631    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
633    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
634    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
635    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
636    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
637    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
638    enum {
639      kEMDefault,
640      kEMIntPortable,
641      kEMIntFast,
642      kEMJitCompiler,
643    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
644    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
645    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
646    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
647    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
648    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
649    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
650    char fingerprintBuf[sizeof("-Xfingerprint:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
651
652    bool checkJni = false;
653    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
654    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
655        checkJni = true;
656    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
657        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
658        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
659        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
660            checkJni = true;
661        }
662    }
663    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
664    if (checkJni) {
665        /* extended JNI checking */
666        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
667
668        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
669        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
670    }
671
672    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
673    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
674        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
675    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
676        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
677    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
678        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
679    }
680
681    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
682    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
683    // the old scheme is enabled.
684    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
685    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
686        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
687    } else {
688        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
689    }
690
691    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
692    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
693        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
694    }
695
696    /* route exit() to our handler */
697    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
698
699    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
700    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
701
702    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
703    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
704
705    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
706    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
707    addOption("-verbose:gc");
708    //addOption("-verbose:class");
709
710    /*
711     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
712     * values should be specified in a product property override.
713     */
714    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
715    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
716
717    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
718    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
719    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
720    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
721                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
722                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
723
724    /*
725     * JIT related options.
726     */
727    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
728    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
729    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
730    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
731    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
732    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
733        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
734    }
735
736    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
737                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
738                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
739
740    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
741                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
742                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
743
744    /*
745     * Profile related options.
746     */
747    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.hot-startup-method-samples", hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf,
748            "-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:");
749
750    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
751    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
752      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
753    }
754
755    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
756    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
757
758    /*
759     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
760     * Set suspend=y to pause during VM init and use android ADB transport.
761     */
762    if (zygote) {
763      addOption("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y");
764    }
765
766    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
767                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
768                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
769
770    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
771        addOption("-Xint:portable");
772    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
773        addOption("-Xint:fast");
774    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
775        addOption("-Xint:jit");
776    }
777
778    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
779    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
780    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
781                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
782
783    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
784    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
785                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
786    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
787                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
788    if (skip_compilation) {
789        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
790        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
791    } else {
792        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
793                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
794    }
795
796    // If there is a boot profile, it takes precedence over the image and preloaded classes.
797    if (hasFile("/system/etc/boot-image.prof")) {
798        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
799        addOption("--profile-file=/system/etc/boot-image.prof");
800        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
801        addOption("--compiler-filter=speed-profile");
802    } else {
803        // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
804        if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
805            ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
806                  strerror(errno));
807            return -1;
808        }
809        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
810        addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
811
812        // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
813        if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
814            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
815            addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
816        }
817    }
818
819    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
820    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
821
822    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
823    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
824                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
825    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
826                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
827    if (skip_compilation) {
828        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
829        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
830
831        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
832        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
833        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
834        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
835        // directly instead.
836        addOption("--runtime-arg");
837        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
838    } else {
839        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
840                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
841    }
842    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
843    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
844                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
845
846    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
847    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
848    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
849#if defined(__arm__)
850    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
851#elif defined(__aarch64__)
852    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
853#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
854    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
855#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
856    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
857#elif defined(__i386__)
858    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
859#elif defined(__x86_64__)
860    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
861#else
862    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
863#endif
864    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
865    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
866    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
867
868    // Copy the variant.
869    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
870    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
871                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
872    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
873                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
874    // Copy the features.
875    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
876    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
877                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
878    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
879                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
880
881
882    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
883    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
884
885    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
886    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
887    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
888
889    /* Set the properties for locale */
890    {
891        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
892        const std::string locale = readLocale();
893        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
894        addOption(localeOption);
895    }
896
897    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
898    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
899    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
900        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
901        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
902            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
903            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
904                               methodTraceFileBuf,
905                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
906            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
907                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
908                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
909            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
910            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
911                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
912            }
913        }
914    }
915
916    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
917    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
918    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
919        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
920    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
921        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
922                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
923        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
924    }
925
926#if defined(__LP64__)
927    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
928#else
929    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
930#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
931    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
932    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
933        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
934        return -1;
935    }
936    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
937    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
938
939    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
940    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
941                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
942
943    /*
944     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
945     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
946     * will include native debugging information.
947     */
948    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
949    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
950        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
951        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
952        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
953        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
954    }
955
956    /*
957     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
958     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
959     */
960    parseRuntimeOption("ro.build.fingerprint", fingerprintBuf, "-Xfingerprint:");
961
962    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
963    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
964    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
965    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
966
967    /*
968     * Initialize the VM.
969     *
970     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
971     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
972     * JNI calls.
973     */
974    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
975        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
976        return -1;
977    }
978
979    return 0;
980}
981
982char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
983{
984    char* result = strdup(className);
985    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
986        if (*cp == '.') {
987            *cp = '/';
988        }
989    }
990    return result;
991}
992
993/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
994jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
995    if (!bytes) return NULL;
996    int length = strlen(bytes);
997    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
998    if (!buffer) return NULL;
999    jchar* chp = buffer;
1000    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1001        *chp++ = *bytes++;
1002    }
1003    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
1004}
1005
1006
1007/*
1008 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
1009 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
1010 * named by "className".
1011 *
1012 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
1013 * options string.
1014 */
1015void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1016{
1017    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1018            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1019
1020    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1021
1022    /*
1023     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1024     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1025     */
1026    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1027        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1028           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1029           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1030           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1031        }
1032    }
1033
1034    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1035    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1036        rootDir = "/system";
1037        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1038            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1039            return;
1040        }
1041        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1042    }
1043
1044    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1045    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1046
1047    /* start the virtual machine */
1048    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1049    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1050    JNIEnv* env;
1051    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1052        return;
1053    }
1054    onVmCreated(env);
1055
1056    /*
1057     * Register android functions.
1058     */
1059    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1060        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1061        return;
1062    }
1063
1064    /*
1065     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1066     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1067     * Create an array to hold them.
1068     */
1069    jclass stringClass;
1070    jobjectArray strArray;
1071    jstring classNameStr;
1072
1073    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1074    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1075    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1076    assert(strArray != NULL);
1077    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1078    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1079    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1080
1081    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1082        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1083        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1084        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1085    }
1086
1087    /*
1088     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1089     * not return until the VM exits.
1090     */
1091    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
1092    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1093    if (startClass == NULL) {
1094        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1095        /* keep going */
1096    } else {
1097        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1098            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1099        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1100            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1101            /* keep going */
1102        } else {
1103            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1104
1105#if 0
1106            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1107                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1108#endif
1109        }
1110    }
1111    free(slashClassName);
1112
1113    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1114    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1115        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1116    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1117        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1118}
1119
1120void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1121{
1122    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1123        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1124        ::_exit(code);
1125    } else {
1126        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1127        onExit(code);
1128        ::exit(code);
1129    }
1130}
1131
1132void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1133{
1134    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1135}
1136
1137/*
1138 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1139 *
1140 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1141 */
1142/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1143{
1144    JNIEnv* env;
1145    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1146    assert(vm != NULL);
1147
1148    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1149        return NULL;
1150    return env;
1151}
1152
1153/*
1154 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1155 *
1156 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1157 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1158 */
1159static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1160{
1161    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1162    JavaVM* vm;
1163    jint result;
1164
1165    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1166    assert(vm != NULL);
1167
1168    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1169    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1170    args.group = NULL;
1171
1172    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1173    if (result != JNI_OK)
1174        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1175
1176    return result;
1177}
1178
1179/*
1180 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1181 */
1182static int javaDetachThread(void)
1183{
1184    JavaVM* vm;
1185    jint result;
1186
1187    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1188    assert(vm != NULL);
1189
1190    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1191    if (result != JNI_OK)
1192        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1193    return result;
1194}
1195
1196/*
1197 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1198 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1199 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1200 */
1201/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1202    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1203    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1204    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1205    free(args);
1206    JNIEnv* env;
1207    int result;
1208
1209    /* hook us into the VM */
1210    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1211        return -1;
1212
1213    /* start the thread running */
1214    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1215
1216    /* unhook us */
1217    javaDetachThread();
1218    free(name);
1219
1220    return result;
1221}
1222
1223/*
1224 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1225 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1226 *
1227 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1228 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1229 */
1230/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1231                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1232                                void* userData,
1233                                const char* threadName,
1234                                int32_t threadPriority,
1235                                size_t threadStackSize,
1236                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1237{
1238    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1239    int result;
1240
1241    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1242
1243    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1244    args[1] = userData;
1245    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1246
1247    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1248        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1249    return result;
1250}
1251
1252/*
1253 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1254 *
1255 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1256 */
1257/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1258    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1259{
1260    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1261    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1262        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1263    return threadId;
1264}
1265
1266#if 0
1267static void quickTest(void* arg)
1268{
1269    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1270
1271    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1272}
1273#endif
1274
1275#ifdef NDEBUG
1276    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1277    struct RegJNIRec {
1278        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1279    };
1280#else
1281    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1282    struct RegJNIRec {
1283        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1284        const char* mName;
1285    };
1286#endif
1287
1288typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1289
1290static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1291{
1292    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1293        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1294#ifndef NDEBUG
1295            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1296#endif
1297            return -1;
1298        }
1299    }
1300    return 0;
1301}
1302
1303static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1304    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1305    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit),
1306    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1307    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1308    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1309    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1310    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1311    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1312    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1313    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1314    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1315    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1316    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1317    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
1318    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1319    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1320    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1321    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1322    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1323    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1324    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1325    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1326    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1327    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1328    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1329    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1330    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1331    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1332    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1333    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1334    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1335    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1336    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1337    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
1338    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1339    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1340    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1341    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1342    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1343    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1344    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1345    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1346    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1347    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1357
1358    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1359    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1361    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1362    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1363    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1369    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1370    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1371    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1372    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1375    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1383    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1388
1389    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1390    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1391    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_os_seccomp),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1402    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SharedMemory),
1406    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory),
1407    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1408    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1409    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1412    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1414    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1420    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1421    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1422    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1423    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1424    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1425    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1426    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1427    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1429
1430    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1432    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1433    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1434    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1435    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1436    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1437    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1439    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1440    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders),
1441    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1442    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1443    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1444    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1445    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1446    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1447    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1448    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1449    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1450    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1451
1452    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1453    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1454
1455    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1456    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1457    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1458    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1459};
1460
1461/*
1462 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1463 */
1464/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1465{
1466    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1467    /*
1468     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1469     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1470     * Attach calls.)
1471     */
1472    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1473
1474    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1475
1476    /*
1477     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1478     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1479     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1480     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1481     */
1482    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1483
1484    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1485        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1486        return -1;
1487    }
1488    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1489
1490    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1491
1492    return 0;
1493}
1494
1495AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1496{
1497    return gCurRuntime;
1498}
1499
1500/**
1501 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1502 * the framework.
1503 */
1504extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1505    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1506}
1507}   // namespace android
1508