AndroidRuntime.cpp revision 790016aef5529599ad91db2a69cfb70abe4c2139 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22
23#include <android-base/properties.h>
24#include <binder/IBinder.h>
25#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
26#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
27#include <utils/Log.h>
28#include <utils/misc.h>
29#include <utils/Trace.h>
30#include <binder/Parcel.h>
31#include <utils/threads.h>
32#include <cutils/properties.h>
33
34#include <SkGraphics.h>
35
36#include "jni.h"
37#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
38#include <nativehelper/JniInvocation.h>
39#include "android_util_Binder.h"
40
41#include <stdio.h>
42#include <signal.h>
43#include <sys/stat.h>
44#include <sys/types.h>
45#include <signal.h>
46#include <dirent.h>
47#include <assert.h>
48
49#include <string>
50#include <vector>
51
52using namespace android;
53using android::base::GetProperty;
54
55extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
56extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
57extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
59extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
60extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
66extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
68extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
70extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
71extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
72
73extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
84extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
85extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
86
87extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
88extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
89extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
90extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
98extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
99extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
100
101extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
103extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
104extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
105extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
106
107namespace android {
108
109/*
110 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
111 * namespace android.
112 */
113extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_util_StatsLog(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
130extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
132extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
147extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
148extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
149extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
150extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
155extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
156extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
157extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
159extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
160extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
161extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
162extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
163extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
164extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
165extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_os_seccomp(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
168extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
169extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
171extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_os_SharedMemory(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
175extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
176extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
177extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
178extern int register_android_text_Hyphenator(JNIEnv *env);
179extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
180extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
181extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
183extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
184extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
188extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
191extern int register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders(JNIEnv *env);
192extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
193extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
194extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
195extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
196extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
197extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
199extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
200extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
201extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
204extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
205extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
206extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
207extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
208extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
209extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
210extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
211extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
212extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
213extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv *env);
214extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
215
216static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
217
218/*
219 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
220 */
221static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
222{
223    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
224}
225
226static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
227{
228    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
229}
230
231static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
232        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
233{
234    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
235}
236
237/*
238 * JNI registration.
239 */
240
241int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
242{
243    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
244        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
245            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
246        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
247            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
248    };
249    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
250        methods, NELEM(methods));
251}
252
253int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
254{
255    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
256        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
257            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
258    };
259    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
260        methods, NELEM(methods));
261}
262
263// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
264
265/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
266
267AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
268        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
269        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
270        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
271{
272    SkGraphics::Init();
273
274    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
275    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
276
277    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
278    gCurRuntime = this;
279}
280
281AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
282{
283}
284
285/*
286 * Register native methods using JNI.
287 */
288/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
289    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
290{
291    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
292}
293
294void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
295    if (setProcName) {
296        int len = strlen(argv0);
297        if (len < 15) {
298            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
299        } else {
300            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
301        }
302    }
303    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
304    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
305}
306
307status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
308    const Vector<String8>& args)
309{
310    JNIEnv* env;
311    jmethodID methodId;
312
313    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
314
315    env = getJNIEnv();
316    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
317        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
318    }
319
320    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
321    if (methodId == NULL) {
322        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
323        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
324    }
325
326    /*
327     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
328     * Create an array and populate it.
329     */
330    jclass stringClass;
331    jobjectArray strArray;
332
333    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
334    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
335    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
336
337    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
338        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
339        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
340    }
341
342    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
343    return NO_ERROR;
344}
345
346/*
347 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
348 */
349static void runtime_exit(int code)
350{
351    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
352}
353
354/*
355 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
356 *
357 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
358 */
359static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
360{
361    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
362}
363
364/**
365 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
366 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
367 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
368 *
369 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
370 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
371 * into us)
372 */
373static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
374    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
375    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
376}
377
378static int hasDir(const char* dir)
379{
380    struct stat s;
381    int res = stat(dir, &s);
382    if (res == 0) {
383        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
384    }
385    return 0;
386}
387
388static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
389    struct stat s;
390    int res = stat(file, &s);
391    if (res == 0) {
392        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
393    }
394    return false;
395}
396
397/*
398 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
399 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
400 *
401 * (1) persist.sys.locale
402 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
403 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
404 * (3) ro.product.locale
405 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
406 *
407 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
408 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
409 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
410 */
411const std::string readLocale()
412{
413    const std::string locale = GetProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
414    if (!locale.empty()) {
415        return locale;
416    }
417
418    const std::string language = GetProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
419    if (!language.empty()) {
420        const std::string country = GetProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
421        const std::string variant = GetProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
422
423        std::string out = language;
424        if (!country.empty()) {
425            out = out + "-" + country;
426        }
427
428        if (!variant.empty()) {
429            out = out + "-" + variant;
430        }
431
432        return out;
433    }
434
435    const std::string productLocale = GetProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
436    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
437        return productLocale;
438    }
439
440    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
441    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
442    const std::string productLanguage = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
443    const std::string productRegion = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
444
445    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
446}
447
448void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
449{
450    JavaVMOption opt;
451    opt.optionString = optionString;
452    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
453    mOptions.add(opt);
454}
455
456/*
457 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
458 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
459 *
460 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
461 *
462 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
463 *
464 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
465 */
466void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
467{
468    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
469    char* end = NULL;
470    while (*start != '\0') {
471        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
472            start++;
473        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
474            break;
475
476        end = start+1;
477        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
478            end++;
479        if (*end == ' ')
480            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
481
482        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
483            addOption(quotingArg);
484        }
485        addOption(start);
486        start = end;
487    }
488}
489
490/*
491 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
492 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
493 * as "-Xmx32m".
494 *
495 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
496 *
497 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
498 *
499 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
500 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
501 */
502bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
503                                        char* buffer,
504                                        const char* runtimeArg,
505                                        const char* defaultArg)
506{
507    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
508    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
509    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
510    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
511        return false;
512    }
513    addOption(buffer);
514    return true;
515}
516
517/*
518 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
519 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
520 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
521 *
522 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
523 *
524 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
525 *
526 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
527 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
528 */
529bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
530                                         char* buffer,
531                                         const char* compilerArg,
532                                         const char* quotingArg)
533{
534    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
535    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
536    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
537    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
538        return false;
539    }
540    addOption(quotingArg);
541    addOption(buffer);
542    return true;
543}
544
545/*
546 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
547 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
548 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
549 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
550 *
551 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
552 *
553 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
554 *
555 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
556 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
557 */
558bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
559                                                char* buffer,
560                                                const char* runtimeArg,
561                                                const char* quotingArg)
562{
563    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
564    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
565    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
566    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
567        return false;
568    }
569    addOption(quotingArg);
570    addOption("--runtime-arg");
571    addOption(quotingArg);
572    addOption(buffer);
573    return true;
574}
575
576/*
577 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
578 *
579 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
580 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
581 *
582 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
583 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
584 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
585 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
586 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
587 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
588 * and thus introduce a bug.
589 *
590 * Returns 0 on success.
591 */
592int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
593{
594    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
595    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
596    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
597    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
598    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
599    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
600    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
601    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
602    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
603    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
604    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char madviseRandomOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
614    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
615    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
620    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
625    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
626    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
627    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
628    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
629    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
631    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    enum {
633      kEMDefault,
634      kEMIntPortable,
635      kEMIntFast,
636      kEMJitCompiler,
637    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
638    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
639    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
640    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
641    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
642    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
643    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
644    std::string fingerprintBuf;
645
646    bool checkJni = false;
647    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
648    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
649        checkJni = true;
650    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
651        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
652        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
653        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
654            checkJni = true;
655        }
656    }
657    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
658    if (checkJni) {
659        /* extended JNI checking */
660        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
661
662        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
663        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
664    }
665
666    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
667    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
668        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
669    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
670        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
671    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
672        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
673    }
674
675    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
676    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
677    // the old scheme is enabled.
678    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
679    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
680        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
681    } else {
682        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
683    }
684
685    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
686    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
687        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
688    }
689
690    /* route exit() to our handler */
691    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
692
693    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
694    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
695
696    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
697    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
698
699    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
700    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
701    addOption("-verbose:gc");
702    //addOption("-verbose:class");
703
704    /*
705     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
706     * values should be specified in a product property override.
707     */
708    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
709    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
710
711    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
712    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
713    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
714    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
715                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
716                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
717
718    /*
719     * JIT related options.
720     */
721    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
722    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
723    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
724    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
725    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
726    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
727        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
728    }
729
730    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
731                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
732                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
733
734    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
735                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
736                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
737
738    /*
739     * Madvise related options.
740     */
741    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.madvise-random", madviseRandomOptsBuf, "-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:");
742
743    /*
744     * Profile related options.
745     */
746    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.hot-startup-method-samples", hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf,
747            "-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:");
748
749    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
750    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
751      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
752    }
753
754    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
755    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
756
757    /*
758     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
759     * Set suspend=y to pause during VM init and use android ADB transport.
760     */
761    if (zygote) {
762      addOption("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y");
763    }
764
765    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
766                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
767                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
768
769    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
770        addOption("-Xint:portable");
771    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
772        addOption("-Xint:fast");
773    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
774        addOption("-Xint:jit");
775    }
776
777    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
778    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
779    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
780                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
781
782    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
783    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
784                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
785    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
786                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
787    if (skip_compilation) {
788        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
789        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
790    } else {
791        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
792                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
793    }
794
795    // If there is a boot profile, it takes precedence over the image and preloaded classes.
796    if (hasFile("/system/etc/boot-image.prof")) {
797        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
798        addOption("--profile-file=/system/etc/boot-image.prof");
799        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
800        addOption("--compiler-filter=speed-profile");
801    } else {
802        // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
803        if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
804            ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
805                  strerror(errno));
806            return -1;
807        }
808        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
809        addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
810
811        // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
812        if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
813            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
814            addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
815        }
816
817        // If there is a dirty-image-objects file, push it.
818        if (hasFile("/system/etc/dirty-image-objects")) {
819            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
820            addOption("--dirty-image-objects=/system/etc/dirty-image-objects");
821        }
822    }
823
824    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
825    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
826
827    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
828    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
829                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
830    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
831                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
832    if (skip_compilation) {
833        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
834        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
835
836        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
837        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
838        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
839        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
840        // directly instead.
841        addOption("--runtime-arg");
842        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
843    } else {
844        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
845                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
846    }
847    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
848    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
849                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
850
851    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
852    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
853    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
854#if defined(__arm__)
855    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
856#elif defined(__aarch64__)
857    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
858#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
859    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
860#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
861    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
862#elif defined(__i386__)
863    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
864#elif defined(__x86_64__)
865    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
866#else
867    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
868#endif
869    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
870    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
871    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
872
873    // Copy the variant.
874    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
875    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
876                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
877    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
878                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
879    // Copy the features.
880    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
881    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
882                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
883    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
884                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
885
886
887    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
888    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
889
890    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
891    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
892    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
893
894    /* Set the properties for locale */
895    {
896        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
897        const std::string locale = readLocale();
898        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
899        addOption(localeOption);
900    }
901
902    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
903    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
904    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
905        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
906        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
907            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
908            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
909                               methodTraceFileBuf,
910                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
911            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
912                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
913                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
914            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
915            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
916                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
917            }
918        }
919    }
920
921    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
922    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
923    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
924        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
925    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
926        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
927                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
928        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
929    }
930
931#if defined(__LP64__)
932    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
933#else
934    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
935#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
936    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
937    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
938        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
939        return -1;
940    }
941    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
942    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
943
944    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
945    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
946                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
947
948    /*
949     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
950     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
951     * will include native debugging information.
952     */
953    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
954    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
955        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
956        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
957        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
958        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
959    }
960
961    /*
962     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
963     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
964     * Fingerprints are potentially longer than PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX, so parseRuntimeOption() cannot
965     * be used here.
966     * Do not ever re-assign fingerprintBuf as its c_str() value is stored in mOptions.
967     */
968    std::string fingerprint = GetProperty("ro.build.fingerprint", "");
969    if (!fingerprint.empty()) {
970        fingerprintBuf = "-Xfingerprint:" + fingerprint;
971        addOption(fingerprintBuf.c_str());
972    }
973
974    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
975    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
976    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
977    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
978
979    /*
980     * Initialize the VM.
981     *
982     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
983     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
984     * JNI calls.
985     */
986    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
987        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
988        return -1;
989    }
990
991    return 0;
992}
993
994char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
995{
996    char* result = strdup(className);
997    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
998        if (*cp == '.') {
999            *cp = '/';
1000        }
1001    }
1002    return result;
1003}
1004
1005/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
1006jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
1007    if (!bytes) return NULL;
1008    int length = strlen(bytes);
1009    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
1010    if (!buffer) return NULL;
1011    jchar* chp = buffer;
1012    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1013        *chp++ = *bytes++;
1014    }
1015    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
1016}
1017
1018
1019/*
1020 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
1021 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
1022 * named by "className".
1023 *
1024 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
1025 * options string.
1026 */
1027void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1028{
1029    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1030            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1031
1032    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1033
1034    /*
1035     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1036     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1037     */
1038    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1039        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1040           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1041           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1042           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1043        }
1044    }
1045
1046    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1047    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1048        rootDir = "/system";
1049        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1050            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1051            return;
1052        }
1053        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1054    }
1055
1056    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1057    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1058
1059    /* start the virtual machine */
1060    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1061    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1062    JNIEnv* env;
1063    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1064        return;
1065    }
1066    onVmCreated(env);
1067
1068    /*
1069     * Register android functions.
1070     */
1071    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1072        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1073        return;
1074    }
1075
1076    /*
1077     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1078     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1079     * Create an array to hold them.
1080     */
1081    jclass stringClass;
1082    jobjectArray strArray;
1083    jstring classNameStr;
1084
1085    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1086    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1087    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1088    assert(strArray != NULL);
1089    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1090    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1091    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1092
1093    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1094        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1095        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1096        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1097    }
1098
1099    /*
1100     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1101     * not return until the VM exits.
1102     */
1103    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : "");
1104    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1105    if (startClass == NULL) {
1106        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1107        /* keep going */
1108    } else {
1109        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1110            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1111        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1112            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1113            /* keep going */
1114        } else {
1115            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1116
1117#if 0
1118            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1119                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1120#endif
1121        }
1122    }
1123    free(slashClassName);
1124
1125    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1126    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1127        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1128    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1129        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1130}
1131
1132void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1133{
1134    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1135        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1136        ::_exit(code);
1137    } else {
1138        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1139        onExit(code);
1140        ::exit(code);
1141    }
1142}
1143
1144void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1145{
1146    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1147}
1148
1149/*
1150 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1151 *
1152 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1153 */
1154/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1155{
1156    JNIEnv* env;
1157    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1158    assert(vm != NULL);
1159
1160    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1161        return NULL;
1162    return env;
1163}
1164
1165/*
1166 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1167 *
1168 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1169 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1170 */
1171static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1172{
1173    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1174    JavaVM* vm;
1175    jint result;
1176
1177    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1178    assert(vm != NULL);
1179
1180    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1181    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1182    args.group = NULL;
1183
1184    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1185    if (result != JNI_OK)
1186        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1187
1188    return result;
1189}
1190
1191/*
1192 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1193 */
1194static int javaDetachThread(void)
1195{
1196    JavaVM* vm;
1197    jint result;
1198
1199    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1200    assert(vm != NULL);
1201
1202    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1203    if (result != JNI_OK)
1204        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1205    return result;
1206}
1207
1208/*
1209 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1210 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1211 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1212 */
1213/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1214    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1215    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1216    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1217    free(args);
1218    JNIEnv* env;
1219    int result;
1220
1221    /* hook us into the VM */
1222    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1223        return -1;
1224
1225    /* start the thread running */
1226    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1227
1228    /* unhook us */
1229    javaDetachThread();
1230    free(name);
1231
1232    return result;
1233}
1234
1235/*
1236 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1237 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1238 *
1239 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1240 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1241 */
1242/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1243                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1244                                void* userData,
1245                                const char* threadName,
1246                                int32_t threadPriority,
1247                                size_t threadStackSize,
1248                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1249{
1250    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1251    int result;
1252
1253    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1254
1255    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1256    args[1] = userData;
1257    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1258
1259    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1260        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1261    return result;
1262}
1263
1264/*
1265 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1266 *
1267 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1268 */
1269/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1270    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1271{
1272    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1273    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1274        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1275    return threadId;
1276}
1277
1278#if 0
1279static void quickTest(void* arg)
1280{
1281    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1282
1283    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1284}
1285#endif
1286
1287#ifdef NDEBUG
1288    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1289    struct RegJNIRec {
1290        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1291    };
1292#else
1293    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1294    struct RegJNIRec {
1295        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1296        const char* mName;
1297    };
1298#endif
1299
1300typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1301
1302static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1303{
1304    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1305        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1306#ifndef NDEBUG
1307            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1308#endif
1309            return -1;
1310        }
1311    }
1312    return 0;
1313}
1314
1315static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1316    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1317    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit),
1318    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1319    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1320    REG_JNI(register_android_util_StatsLog),
1321    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1322    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1323    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1324    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1325    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1326    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1327    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1328    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1329    REG_JNI(register_android_text_Hyphenator),
1330    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1331    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
1332    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1333    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1334    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1335    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1336    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1337    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1338    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1339    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1340    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1341    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1342    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1343    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1344    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1345    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1346    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1347    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1357    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1358    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1359    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1361    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1362    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1363    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1369    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1370    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1371
1372    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1375    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1383    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1388    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1389    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1390    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1391    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1402
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1406    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1407    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1408    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1409    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1412    REG_JNI(register_android_os_seccomp),
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1414    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SharedMemory),
1420    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory),
1421    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1422    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1423    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1424    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1425    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1426    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1427    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1429    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1430    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1432    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1433    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1434    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1435    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1436    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1437    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1439    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1440    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1441    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1442    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1443
1444    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1445    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1446    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1447    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1448    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1449    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1450    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1451    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1452    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1453    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1454    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders),
1455    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1456    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1457    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1458    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1459    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1460    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1461    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1462    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1463    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1464    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1465
1466    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1467    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1468
1469    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1470    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1471    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1472    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1473};
1474
1475/*
1476 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1477 */
1478/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1479{
1480    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1481    /*
1482     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1483     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1484     * Attach calls.)
1485     */
1486    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1487
1488    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1489
1490    /*
1491     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1492     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1493     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1494     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1495     */
1496    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1497
1498    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1499        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1500        return -1;
1501    }
1502    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1503
1504    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1505
1506    return 0;
1507}
1508
1509AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1510{
1511    return gCurRuntime;
1512}
1513
1514/**
1515 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1516 * the framework.
1517 */
1518extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1519    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1520}
1521}   // namespace android
1522