AndroidRuntime.cpp revision 86cedcb583b8859fadb273e93cbb3b96b22ba83e 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22
23#include <android-base/properties.h>
24#include <binder/IBinder.h>
25#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
26#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
27#include <utils/Log.h>
28#include <utils/misc.h>
29#include <utils/Trace.h>
30#include <binder/Parcel.h>
31#include <utils/threads.h>
32#include <cutils/properties.h>
33
34#include <SkGraphics.h>
35
36#include "jni.h"
37#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
38#include <nativehelper/JniInvocation.h>
39#include "android_util_Binder.h"
40
41#include <stdio.h>
42#include <signal.h>
43#include <sys/stat.h>
44#include <sys/types.h>
45#include <signal.h>
46#include <dirent.h>
47#include <assert.h>
48
49#include <string>
50#include <vector>
51
52using namespace android;
53using android::base::GetProperty;
54
55extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
56extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
57extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
59extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
60extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
66extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
68extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
70extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
71extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
72
73extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
84extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
85extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
86
87extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
88extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
89extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
90extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
98extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
99extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
100
101extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
103extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
104extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
105extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
106
107namespace android {
108
109/*
110 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
111 * namespace android.
112 */
113extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_util_StatsLog(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
130extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
132extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
147extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
148extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
149extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
150extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
155extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
156extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
157extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
159extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
160extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
161extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
162extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
163extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
164extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
165extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_os_seccomp(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
168extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
169extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
171extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_os_SharedMemory(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
175extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
176extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
177extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
178extern int register_android_text_Hyphenator(JNIEnv *env);
179extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
180extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
181extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
183extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
184extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
188extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
191extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
192extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
193extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
194extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
195extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
196extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
197extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
199extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
200extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
201extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
204extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
205extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
206extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
207extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
208extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
209extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
210extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
211extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv *env);
212extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
213
214static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
215
216/*
217 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
218 */
219static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
220{
221    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
222}
223
224static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
225{
226    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
227}
228
229static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
230        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
231{
232    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
233}
234
235/*
236 * JNI registration.
237 */
238
239int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
240{
241    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
242        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
243            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
244        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
245            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
246    };
247    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
248        methods, NELEM(methods));
249}
250
251int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
252{
253    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
254        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
255            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
256    };
257    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
258        methods, NELEM(methods));
259}
260
261// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
262
263/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
264
265AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
266        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
267        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
268        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
269{
270    SkGraphics::Init();
271
272    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
273    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
274
275    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
276    gCurRuntime = this;
277}
278
279AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
280{
281}
282
283/*
284 * Register native methods using JNI.
285 */
286/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
287    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
288{
289    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
290}
291
292void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
293    if (setProcName) {
294        int len = strlen(argv0);
295        if (len < 15) {
296            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
297        } else {
298            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
299        }
300    }
301    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
302    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
303}
304
305status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
306    const Vector<String8>& args)
307{
308    JNIEnv* env;
309    jmethodID methodId;
310
311    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
312
313    env = getJNIEnv();
314    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
315        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
316    }
317
318    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
319    if (methodId == NULL) {
320        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
321        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
322    }
323
324    /*
325     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
326     * Create an array and populate it.
327     */
328    jclass stringClass;
329    jobjectArray strArray;
330
331    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
332    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
333    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
334
335    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
336        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
337        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
338    }
339
340    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
341    return NO_ERROR;
342}
343
344/*
345 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
346 */
347static void runtime_exit(int code)
348{
349    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
350}
351
352/*
353 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
354 *
355 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
356 */
357static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
358{
359    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
360}
361
362/**
363 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
364 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
365 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
366 *
367 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
368 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
369 * into us)
370 */
371static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
372    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
373    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
374}
375
376static int hasDir(const char* dir)
377{
378    struct stat s;
379    int res = stat(dir, &s);
380    if (res == 0) {
381        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
382    }
383    return 0;
384}
385
386static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
387    struct stat s;
388    int res = stat(file, &s);
389    if (res == 0) {
390        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
391    }
392    return false;
393}
394
395/*
396 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
397 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
398 *
399 * (1) persist.sys.locale
400 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
401 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
402 * (3) ro.product.locale
403 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
404 *
405 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
406 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
407 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
408 */
409const std::string readLocale()
410{
411    const std::string locale = GetProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
412    if (!locale.empty()) {
413        return locale;
414    }
415
416    const std::string language = GetProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
417    if (!language.empty()) {
418        const std::string country = GetProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
419        const std::string variant = GetProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
420
421        std::string out = language;
422        if (!country.empty()) {
423            out = out + "-" + country;
424        }
425
426        if (!variant.empty()) {
427            out = out + "-" + variant;
428        }
429
430        return out;
431    }
432
433    const std::string productLocale = GetProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
434    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
435        return productLocale;
436    }
437
438    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
439    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
440    const std::string productLanguage = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
441    const std::string productRegion = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
442
443    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
444}
445
446void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
447{
448    JavaVMOption opt;
449    opt.optionString = optionString;
450    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
451    mOptions.add(opt);
452}
453
454/*
455 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
456 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
457 *
458 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
459 *
460 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
461 *
462 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
463 */
464void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
465{
466    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
467    char* end = NULL;
468    while (*start != '\0') {
469        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
470            start++;
471        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
472            break;
473
474        end = start+1;
475        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
476            end++;
477        if (*end == ' ')
478            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
479
480        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
481            addOption(quotingArg);
482        }
483        addOption(start);
484        start = end;
485    }
486}
487
488/*
489 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
490 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
491 * as "-Xmx32m".
492 *
493 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
494 *
495 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
496 *
497 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
498 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
499 */
500bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
501                                        char* buffer,
502                                        const char* runtimeArg,
503                                        const char* defaultArg)
504{
505    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
506    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
507    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
508    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
509        return false;
510    }
511    addOption(buffer);
512    return true;
513}
514
515/*
516 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
517 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
518 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
519 *
520 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
521 *
522 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
523 *
524 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
525 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
526 */
527bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
528                                         char* buffer,
529                                         const char* compilerArg,
530                                         const char* quotingArg)
531{
532    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
533    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
534    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
535    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
536        return false;
537    }
538    addOption(quotingArg);
539    addOption(buffer);
540    return true;
541}
542
543/*
544 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
545 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
546 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
547 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
548 *
549 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
550 *
551 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
552 *
553 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
554 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
555 */
556bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
557                                                char* buffer,
558                                                const char* runtimeArg,
559                                                const char* quotingArg)
560{
561    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
562    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
563    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
564    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
565        return false;
566    }
567    addOption(quotingArg);
568    addOption("--runtime-arg");
569    addOption(quotingArg);
570    addOption(buffer);
571    return true;
572}
573
574/*
575 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
576 *
577 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
578 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
579 *
580 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
581 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
582 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
583 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
584 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
585 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
586 * and thus introduce a bug.
587 *
588 * Returns 0 on success.
589 */
590int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
591{
592    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
593    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
594    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
595    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
596    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
597    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
598    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
599    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
600    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
601    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
602    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
603    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
604    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char madviseRandomOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char foregroundHeapGrowthMultiplierOptsBuf[
614            sizeof("-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
615    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
620    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
625    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
626    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
627    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
628    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
629    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
631    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    enum {
633      kEMDefault,
634      kEMIntPortable,
635      kEMIntFast,
636      kEMJitCompiler,
637    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
638    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
639    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
640    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
641    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
642    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
643    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
644    std::string fingerprintBuf;
645
646    bool checkJni = false;
647    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
648    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
649        checkJni = true;
650    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
651        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
652        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
653        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
654            checkJni = true;
655        }
656    }
657    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
658    if (checkJni) {
659        /* extended JNI checking */
660        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
661
662        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
663        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
664    }
665
666    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
667    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
668        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
669    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
670        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
671    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
672        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
673    }
674
675    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
676    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
677    // the old scheme is enabled.
678    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
679    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
680        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
681    } else {
682        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
683    }
684
685    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
686    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
687        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
688    }
689
690    /* route exit() to our handler */
691    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
692
693    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
694    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
695
696    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
697    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
698
699    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
700    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
701    addOption("-verbose:gc");
702    //addOption("-verbose:class");
703
704    /*
705     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
706     * values should be specified in a product property override.
707     */
708    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
709    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
710
711    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
712    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
713    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
714    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
715                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
716                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
717
718    /* Foreground heap growth multiplier option */
719    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.foreground-heap-growth-multiplier",
720                       foregroundHeapGrowthMultiplierOptsBuf,
721                       "-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=");
722
723    /*
724     * JIT related options.
725     */
726    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
727    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
728    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
729    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
730    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
731    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
732        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
733    }
734
735    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
736                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
737                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
738
739    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
740                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
741                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
742
743    /*
744     * Madvise related options.
745     */
746    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.madvise-random", madviseRandomOptsBuf, "-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:");
747
748    /*
749     * Profile related options.
750     */
751    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.hot-startup-method-samples", hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf,
752            "-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:");
753
754    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
755    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
756      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
757    }
758
759    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
760    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
761
762    /*
763     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
764     * Set suspend=y to pause during VM init and use android ADB transport.
765     */
766    if (zygote) {
767      addOption("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y");
768    }
769
770    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
771                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
772                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
773
774    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
775        addOption("-Xint:portable");
776    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
777        addOption("-Xint:fast");
778    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
779        addOption("-Xint:jit");
780    }
781
782    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
783    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
784    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
785                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
786
787    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
788    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
789                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
790    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
791                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
792    if (skip_compilation) {
793        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
794        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
795    } else {
796        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
797                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
798    }
799
800    // If there is a boot profile, it takes precedence over the image and preloaded classes.
801    if (hasFile("/system/etc/boot-image.prof")) {
802        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
803        addOption("--profile-file=/system/etc/boot-image.prof");
804        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
805        addOption("--compiler-filter=speed-profile");
806    } else {
807        // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
808        if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
809            ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
810                  strerror(errno));
811            return -1;
812        }
813        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
814        addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
815
816        // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
817        if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
818            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
819            addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
820        }
821
822        // If there is a dirty-image-objects file, push it.
823        if (hasFile("/system/etc/dirty-image-objects")) {
824            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
825            addOption("--dirty-image-objects=/system/etc/dirty-image-objects");
826        }
827    }
828
829    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
830    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
831
832    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
833    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
834                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
835    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
836                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
837    if (skip_compilation) {
838        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
839        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
840
841        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
842        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
843        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
844        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
845        // directly instead.
846        addOption("--runtime-arg");
847        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
848    } else {
849        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
850                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
851    }
852    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
853    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
854                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
855
856    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
857    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
858    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
859#if defined(__arm__)
860    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
861#elif defined(__aarch64__)
862    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
863#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
864    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
865#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
866    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
867#elif defined(__i386__)
868    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
869#elif defined(__x86_64__)
870    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
871#else
872    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
873#endif
874    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
875    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
876    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
877
878    // Copy the variant.
879    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
880    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
881                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
882    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
883                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
884    // Copy the features.
885    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
886    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
887                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
888    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
889                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
890
891
892    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
893    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
894
895    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
896    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
897    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
898
899    /* Set the properties for locale */
900    {
901        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
902        const std::string locale = readLocale();
903        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
904        addOption(localeOption);
905    }
906
907    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
908    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
909    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
910        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
911        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
912            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
913            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
914                               methodTraceFileBuf,
915                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
916            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
917                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
918                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
919            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
920            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
921                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
922            }
923        }
924    }
925
926    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
927    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
928    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
929        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
930    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
931        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
932                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
933        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
934    }
935
936#if defined(__LP64__)
937    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
938#else
939    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
940#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
941    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
942    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
943        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
944        return -1;
945    }
946    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
947    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
948
949    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
950    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
951                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
952
953    /*
954     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
955     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
956     * will include native debugging information.
957     */
958    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
959    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
960        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
961        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
962        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
963        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
964    }
965
966    /*
967     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
968     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
969     * Fingerprints are potentially longer than PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX, so parseRuntimeOption() cannot
970     * be used here.
971     * Do not ever re-assign fingerprintBuf as its c_str() value is stored in mOptions.
972     */
973    std::string fingerprint = GetProperty("ro.build.fingerprint", "");
974    if (!fingerprint.empty()) {
975        fingerprintBuf = "-Xfingerprint:" + fingerprint;
976        addOption(fingerprintBuf.c_str());
977    }
978
979    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
980    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
981    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
982    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
983
984    /*
985     * Initialize the VM.
986     *
987     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
988     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
989     * JNI calls.
990     */
991    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
992        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
993        return -1;
994    }
995
996    return 0;
997}
998
999char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
1000{
1001    char* result = strdup(className);
1002    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1003        if (*cp == '.') {
1004            *cp = '/';
1005        }
1006    }
1007    return result;
1008}
1009
1010/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
1011jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
1012    if (!bytes) return NULL;
1013    int length = strlen(bytes);
1014    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
1015    if (!buffer) return NULL;
1016    jchar* chp = buffer;
1017    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1018        *chp++ = *bytes++;
1019    }
1020    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
1021}
1022
1023
1024/*
1025 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
1026 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
1027 * named by "className".
1028 *
1029 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
1030 * options string.
1031 */
1032void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1033{
1034    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1035            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1036
1037    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1038
1039    /*
1040     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1041     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1042     */
1043    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1044        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1045           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1046           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1047           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1048        }
1049    }
1050
1051    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1052    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1053        rootDir = "/system";
1054        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1055            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1056            return;
1057        }
1058        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1059    }
1060
1061    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1062    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1063
1064    /* start the virtual machine */
1065    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1066    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1067    JNIEnv* env;
1068    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1069        return;
1070    }
1071    onVmCreated(env);
1072
1073    /*
1074     * Register android functions.
1075     */
1076    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1077        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1078        return;
1079    }
1080
1081    /*
1082     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1083     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1084     * Create an array to hold them.
1085     */
1086    jclass stringClass;
1087    jobjectArray strArray;
1088    jstring classNameStr;
1089
1090    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1091    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1092    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1093    assert(strArray != NULL);
1094    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1095    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1096    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1097
1098    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1099        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1100        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1101        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1102    }
1103
1104    /*
1105     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1106     * not return until the VM exits.
1107     */
1108    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : "");
1109    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1110    if (startClass == NULL) {
1111        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1112        /* keep going */
1113    } else {
1114        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1115            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1116        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1117            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1118            /* keep going */
1119        } else {
1120            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1121
1122#if 0
1123            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1124                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1125#endif
1126        }
1127    }
1128    free(slashClassName);
1129
1130    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1131    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1132        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1133    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1134        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1135}
1136
1137void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1138{
1139    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1140        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1141        ::_exit(code);
1142    } else {
1143        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1144        onExit(code);
1145        ::exit(code);
1146    }
1147}
1148
1149void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1150{
1151    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1152}
1153
1154/*
1155 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1156 *
1157 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1158 */
1159/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1160{
1161    JNIEnv* env;
1162    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1163    assert(vm != NULL);
1164
1165    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1166        return NULL;
1167    return env;
1168}
1169
1170/*
1171 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1172 *
1173 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1174 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1175 */
1176static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1177{
1178    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1179    JavaVM* vm;
1180    jint result;
1181
1182    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1183    assert(vm != NULL);
1184
1185    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1186    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1187    args.group = NULL;
1188
1189    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1190    if (result != JNI_OK)
1191        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1192
1193    return result;
1194}
1195
1196/*
1197 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1198 */
1199static int javaDetachThread(void)
1200{
1201    JavaVM* vm;
1202    jint result;
1203
1204    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1205    assert(vm != NULL);
1206
1207    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1208    if (result != JNI_OK)
1209        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1210    return result;
1211}
1212
1213/*
1214 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1215 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1216 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1217 */
1218/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1219    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1220    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1221    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1222    free(args);
1223    JNIEnv* env;
1224    int result;
1225
1226    /* hook us into the VM */
1227    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1228        return -1;
1229
1230    /* start the thread running */
1231    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1232
1233    /* unhook us */
1234    javaDetachThread();
1235    free(name);
1236
1237    return result;
1238}
1239
1240/*
1241 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1242 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1243 *
1244 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1245 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1246 */
1247/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1248                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1249                                void* userData,
1250                                const char* threadName,
1251                                int32_t threadPriority,
1252                                size_t threadStackSize,
1253                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1254{
1255    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1256    int result;
1257
1258    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1259
1260    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1261    args[1] = userData;
1262    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1263
1264    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1265        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1266    return result;
1267}
1268
1269/*
1270 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1271 *
1272 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1273 */
1274/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1275    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1276{
1277    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1278    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1279        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1280    return threadId;
1281}
1282
1283#if 0
1284static void quickTest(void* arg)
1285{
1286    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1287
1288    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1289}
1290#endif
1291
1292#ifdef NDEBUG
1293    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1294    struct RegJNIRec {
1295        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1296    };
1297#else
1298    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1299    struct RegJNIRec {
1300        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1301        const char* mName;
1302    };
1303#endif
1304
1305typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1306
1307static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1308{
1309    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1310        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1311#ifndef NDEBUG
1312            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1313#endif
1314            return -1;
1315        }
1316    }
1317    return 0;
1318}
1319
1320static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1321    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1322    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit),
1323    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1324    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1325    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1326    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1327    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1328    REG_JNI(register_android_util_StatsLog),
1329    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1330    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1331    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1332    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1333    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1334    REG_JNI(register_android_text_Hyphenator),
1335    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1336    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1337    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1338    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1339    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1340    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1341    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1342    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1343    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1344    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1345    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1346    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1347    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1357    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1358    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1359    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1361    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1362    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1363    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1369    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1370    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1371    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1372    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1375
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1383    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1388    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1389    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1390    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1391    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1402    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1406
1407    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1408    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1409    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1412    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1414    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_os_seccomp),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1420    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1421    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1422    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1423    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SharedMemory),
1424    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory),
1425    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1426    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1427    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1429    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1430    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1432    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1433    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1434    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1435    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1436    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1437    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1439    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1440    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1441    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1442    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1443    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1444    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1445    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1446    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1447
1448    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1449    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1450    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1451    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1452    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1453    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1454    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1455    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1456    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1457    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1458    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1459    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1460    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1461    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1462    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1463    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1464    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1465    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1466    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1467    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1468
1469    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1470    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1471
1472    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1473    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1474    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1475    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1476};
1477
1478/*
1479 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1480 */
1481/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1482{
1483    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1484    /*
1485     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1486     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1487     * Attach calls.)
1488     */
1489    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1490
1491    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1492
1493    /*
1494     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1495     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1496     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1497     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1498     */
1499    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1500
1501    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1502        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1503        return -1;
1504    }
1505    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1506
1507    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1508
1509    return 0;
1510}
1511
1512AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1513{
1514    return gCurRuntime;
1515}
1516
1517/**
1518 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1519 * the framework.
1520 */
1521extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1522    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1523}
1524}   // namespace android
1525