AndroidRuntime.cpp revision fffb273affa011d1d062487f91aa4b3db8a029aa 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22
23#include <android-base/properties.h>
24#include <binder/IBinder.h>
25#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
26#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
27#include <utils/Log.h>
28#include <utils/misc.h>
29#include <utils/Trace.h>
30#include <binder/Parcel.h>
31#include <utils/threads.h>
32#include <cutils/properties.h>
33
34#include <SkGraphics.h>
35
36#include "jni.h"
37#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
38#include <nativehelper/JniInvocation.h>
39#include "android_util_Binder.h"
40
41#include <stdio.h>
42#include <signal.h>
43#include <sys/stat.h>
44#include <sys/types.h>
45#include <signal.h>
46#include <dirent.h>
47#include <assert.h>
48
49#include <string>
50#include <vector>
51
52using namespace android;
53using android::base::GetProperty;
54
55extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
56extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
57extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
59extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
60extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
66extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
68extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
70extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
71extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
72
73extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
84extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
85extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
86
87extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
88extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
89extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
90extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
98extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
99extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
100
101extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
103extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
104extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
105extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
106
107namespace android {
108
109/*
110 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
111 * namespace android.
112 */
113extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
130extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
131extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
132extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
147extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
148extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
149extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
150extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
155extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
156extern int register_android_os_HidlSupport(JNIEnv* env);
157extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
159extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
160extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
161extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
162extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
163extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
164extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
165extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_os_seccomp(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
168extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
169extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
171extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_os_SharedMemory(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
175extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
176extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
177extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
178extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
179extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
180extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
181extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
183extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
184extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
188extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders(JNIEnv *env);
191extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
192extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
193extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
194extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
195extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
196extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
197extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
199extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
200extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
201extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
204extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
205extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
206extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
207extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
208extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
209extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
210extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
211extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
212extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv *env);
213extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
214
215static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
216
217/*
218 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
219 */
220static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
221{
222    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
223}
224
225static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
226{
227    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
228}
229
230static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
231        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
232{
233    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
234}
235
236/*
237 * JNI registration.
238 */
239
240int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
241{
242    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
243        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
244            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
245        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
246            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
247    };
248    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
249        methods, NELEM(methods));
250}
251
252int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
253{
254    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
255        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
256            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
257    };
258    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
259        methods, NELEM(methods));
260}
261
262// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
263
264/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
265
266AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
267        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
268        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
269        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
270{
271    SkGraphics::Init();
272
273    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
274    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
275
276    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
277    gCurRuntime = this;
278}
279
280AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
281{
282}
283
284/*
285 * Register native methods using JNI.
286 */
287/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
288    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
289{
290    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
291}
292
293void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
294    if (setProcName) {
295        int len = strlen(argv0);
296        if (len < 15) {
297            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
298        } else {
299            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
300        }
301    }
302    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
303    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
304}
305
306status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
307    const Vector<String8>& args)
308{
309    JNIEnv* env;
310    jmethodID methodId;
311
312    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
313
314    env = getJNIEnv();
315    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
316        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
317    }
318
319    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
320    if (methodId == NULL) {
321        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
322        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
323    }
324
325    /*
326     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
327     * Create an array and populate it.
328     */
329    jclass stringClass;
330    jobjectArray strArray;
331
332    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
333    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
334    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
335
336    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
337        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
338        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
339    }
340
341    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
342    return NO_ERROR;
343}
344
345/*
346 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
347 */
348static void runtime_exit(int code)
349{
350    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
351}
352
353/*
354 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
355 *
356 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
357 */
358static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
359{
360    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
361}
362
363/**
364 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
365 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
366 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
367 *
368 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
369 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
370 * into us)
371 */
372static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
373    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
374    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
375}
376
377static int hasDir(const char* dir)
378{
379    struct stat s;
380    int res = stat(dir, &s);
381    if (res == 0) {
382        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
383    }
384    return 0;
385}
386
387static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
388    struct stat s;
389    int res = stat(file, &s);
390    if (res == 0) {
391        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
392    }
393    return false;
394}
395
396/*
397 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
398 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
399 *
400 * (1) persist.sys.locale
401 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
402 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
403 * (3) ro.product.locale
404 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
405 *
406 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
407 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
408 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
409 */
410const std::string readLocale()
411{
412    const std::string locale = GetProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
413    if (!locale.empty()) {
414        return locale;
415    }
416
417    const std::string language = GetProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
418    if (!language.empty()) {
419        const std::string country = GetProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
420        const std::string variant = GetProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
421
422        std::string out = language;
423        if (!country.empty()) {
424            out = out + "-" + country;
425        }
426
427        if (!variant.empty()) {
428            out = out + "-" + variant;
429        }
430
431        return out;
432    }
433
434    const std::string productLocale = GetProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
435    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
436        return productLocale;
437    }
438
439    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
440    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
441    const std::string productLanguage = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
442    const std::string productRegion = GetProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
443
444    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
445}
446
447void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
448{
449    JavaVMOption opt;
450    opt.optionString = optionString;
451    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
452    mOptions.add(opt);
453}
454
455/*
456 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
457 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
458 *
459 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
460 *
461 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
462 *
463 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
464 */
465void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
466{
467    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
468    char* end = NULL;
469    while (*start != '\0') {
470        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
471            start++;
472        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
473            break;
474
475        end = start+1;
476        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
477            end++;
478        if (*end == ' ')
479            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
480
481        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
482            addOption(quotingArg);
483        }
484        addOption(start);
485        start = end;
486    }
487}
488
489/*
490 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
491 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
492 * as "-Xmx32m".
493 *
494 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
495 *
496 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
497 *
498 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
499 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
500 */
501bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
502                                        char* buffer,
503                                        const char* runtimeArg,
504                                        const char* defaultArg)
505{
506    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
507    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
508    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
509    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
510        return false;
511    }
512    addOption(buffer);
513    return true;
514}
515
516/*
517 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
518 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
519 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
520 *
521 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
522 *
523 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
524 *
525 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
526 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
527 */
528bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
529                                         char* buffer,
530                                         const char* compilerArg,
531                                         const char* quotingArg)
532{
533    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
534    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
535    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
536    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
537        return false;
538    }
539    addOption(quotingArg);
540    addOption(buffer);
541    return true;
542}
543
544/*
545 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
546 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
547 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
548 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
549 *
550 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
551 *
552 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
553 *
554 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
555 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
556 */
557bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
558                                                char* buffer,
559                                                const char* runtimeArg,
560                                                const char* quotingArg)
561{
562    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
563    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
564    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
565    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
566        return false;
567    }
568    addOption(quotingArg);
569    addOption("--runtime-arg");
570    addOption(quotingArg);
571    addOption(buffer);
572    return true;
573}
574
575/*
576 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
577 *
578 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
579 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
580 *
581 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
582 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
583 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
584 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
585 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
586 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
587 * and thus introduce a bug.
588 *
589 * Returns 0 on success.
590 */
591int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
592{
593    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
594    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
595    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
596    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
597    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
598    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
599    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
600    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
601    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
602    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
603    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
604    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char madviseRandomOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
614    char foregroundHeapGrowthMultiplierOptsBuf[
615            sizeof("-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
620    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
625    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
626    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
627    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
628    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
629    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
631    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
633    enum {
634      kEMDefault,
635      kEMIntPortable,
636      kEMIntFast,
637      kEMJitCompiler,
638    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
639    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
640    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
641    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
642    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
643    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
644    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
645    std::string fingerprintBuf;
646    char jdwpProviderBuf[sizeof("-XjdwpProvider:") - 1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
647
648    bool checkJni = false;
649    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
650    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
651        checkJni = true;
652    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
653        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
654        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
655        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
656            checkJni = true;
657        }
658    }
659    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
660    if (checkJni) {
661        /* extended JNI checking */
662        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
663
664        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
665        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
666    }
667
668    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
669    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
670        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
671    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
672        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
673    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
674        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
675    }
676
677    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
678    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
679    // the old scheme is enabled.
680    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
681    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
682        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
683    } else {
684        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
685    }
686
687    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
688    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
689        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
690    }
691
692    /* route exit() to our handler */
693    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
694
695    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
696    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
697
698    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
699    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
700
701    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
702    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
703    addOption("-verbose:gc");
704    //addOption("-verbose:class");
705
706    /*
707     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
708     * values should be specified in a product property override.
709     */
710    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
711    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
712
713    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
714    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
715    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
716    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
717                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
718                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
719
720    /* Foreground heap growth multiplier option */
721    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.foreground-heap-growth-multiplier",
722                       foregroundHeapGrowthMultiplierOptsBuf,
723                       "-XX:ForegroundHeapGrowthMultiplier=");
724
725    /*
726     * JIT related options.
727     */
728    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
729    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
730    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
731    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
732    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
733    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
734        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
735    }
736
737    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
738                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
739                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
740
741    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
742                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
743                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
744
745    /*
746     * Madvise related options.
747     */
748    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.madvise-random", madviseRandomOptsBuf, "-XX:MadviseRandomAccess:");
749
750    /*
751     * Profile related options.
752     */
753    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.hot-startup-method-samples", hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf,
754            "-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:");
755
756    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
757    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
758      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
759    }
760
761    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
762    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
763
764    /*
765     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
766     * Set suspend=y to pause during VM init and use android ADB transport.
767     */
768    if (zygote) {
769      addOption("-XjdwpOptions:suspend=n,server=y");
770    }
771
772    // Set the JDWP provider. By default let the runtime choose.
773    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jdwp-provider",
774                       jdwpProviderBuf,
775                       "-XjdwpProvider:",
776                       "default");
777
778    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
779                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
780                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
781
782    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
783        addOption("-Xint:portable");
784    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
785        addOption("-Xint:fast");
786    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
787        addOption("-Xint:jit");
788    }
789
790    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
791    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
792    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
793                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
794
795    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
796    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
797                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
798    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
799                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
800    if (skip_compilation) {
801        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
802        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
803    } else {
804        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
805                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
806    }
807
808    // If there is a boot profile, it takes precedence over the image and preloaded classes.
809    if (hasFile("/system/etc/boot-image.prof")) {
810        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
811        addOption("--profile-file=/system/etc/boot-image.prof");
812        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
813        addOption("--compiler-filter=speed-profile");
814    } else {
815        // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
816        if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
817            ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
818                  strerror(errno));
819            return -1;
820        }
821        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
822        addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
823
824        // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
825        if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
826            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
827            addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
828        }
829
830        // If there is a dirty-image-objects file, push it.
831        if (hasFile("/system/etc/dirty-image-objects")) {
832            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
833            addOption("--dirty-image-objects=/system/etc/dirty-image-objects");
834        }
835    }
836
837    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
838    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
839
840    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
841    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
842                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
843    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
844                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
845    if (skip_compilation) {
846        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
847        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
848
849        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
850        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
851        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
852        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
853        // directly instead.
854        addOption("--runtime-arg");
855        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
856    } else {
857        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
858                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
859    }
860    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
861    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
862                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
863
864    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
865    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
866    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
867#if defined(__arm__)
868    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
869#elif defined(__aarch64__)
870    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
871#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
872    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
873#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
874    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
875#elif defined(__i386__)
876    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
877#elif defined(__x86_64__)
878    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
879#else
880    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
881#endif
882    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
883    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
884    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
885
886    // Copy the variant.
887    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
888    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
889                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
890    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
891                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
892    // Copy the features.
893    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
894    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
895                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
896    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
897                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
898
899
900    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
901    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
902
903    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
904    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
905    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
906
907    /* Set the properties for locale */
908    {
909        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
910        const std::string locale = readLocale();
911        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
912        addOption(localeOption);
913    }
914
915    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
916    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
917    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
918        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
919        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
920            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
921            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
922                               methodTraceFileBuf,
923                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
924            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
925                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
926                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
927            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
928            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
929                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
930            }
931        }
932    }
933
934    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
935    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
936    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
937        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
938    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
939        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
940                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
941        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
942    }
943
944#if defined(__LP64__)
945    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
946#else
947    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
948#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
949    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
950    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
951        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
952        return -1;
953    }
954    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
955    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
956
957    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
958    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
959                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
960
961    /*
962     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
963     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
964     * will include native debugging information.
965     */
966    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
967    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
968        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
969        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
970        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
971        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
972    }
973
974    /*
975     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
976     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
977     * Fingerprints are potentially longer than PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX, so parseRuntimeOption() cannot
978     * be used here.
979     * Do not ever re-assign fingerprintBuf as its c_str() value is stored in mOptions.
980     */
981    std::string fingerprint = GetProperty("ro.build.fingerprint", "");
982    if (!fingerprint.empty()) {
983        fingerprintBuf = "-Xfingerprint:" + fingerprint;
984        addOption(fingerprintBuf.c_str());
985    }
986
987    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
988    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
989    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
990    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
991
992    /*
993     * Initialize the VM.
994     *
995     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
996     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
997     * JNI calls.
998     */
999    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
1000        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
1001        return -1;
1002    }
1003
1004    return 0;
1005}
1006
1007char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
1008{
1009    char* result = strdup(className);
1010    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1011        if (*cp == '.') {
1012            *cp = '/';
1013        }
1014    }
1015    return result;
1016}
1017
1018/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
1019jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
1020    if (!bytes) return NULL;
1021    int length = strlen(bytes);
1022    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
1023    if (!buffer) return NULL;
1024    jchar* chp = buffer;
1025    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1026        *chp++ = *bytes++;
1027    }
1028    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
1029}
1030
1031
1032/*
1033 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
1034 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
1035 * named by "className".
1036 *
1037 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
1038 * options string.
1039 */
1040void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1041{
1042    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1043            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1044
1045    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1046
1047    /*
1048     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1049     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1050     */
1051    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1052        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1053           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1054           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1055           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1056        }
1057    }
1058
1059    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1060    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1061        rootDir = "/system";
1062        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1063            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1064            return;
1065        }
1066        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1067    }
1068
1069    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1070    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1071
1072    /* start the virtual machine */
1073    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1074    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1075    JNIEnv* env;
1076    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1077        return;
1078    }
1079    onVmCreated(env);
1080
1081    /*
1082     * Register android functions.
1083     */
1084    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1085        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1086        return;
1087    }
1088
1089    /*
1090     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1091     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1092     * Create an array to hold them.
1093     */
1094    jclass stringClass;
1095    jobjectArray strArray;
1096    jstring classNameStr;
1097
1098    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1099    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1100    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1101    assert(strArray != NULL);
1102    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1103    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1104    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1105
1106    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1107        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1108        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1109        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1110    }
1111
1112    /*
1113     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1114     * not return until the VM exits.
1115     */
1116    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className != NULL ? className : "");
1117    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1118    if (startClass == NULL) {
1119        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1120        /* keep going */
1121    } else {
1122        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1123            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1124        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1125            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1126            /* keep going */
1127        } else {
1128            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1129
1130#if 0
1131            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1132                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1133#endif
1134        }
1135    }
1136    free(slashClassName);
1137
1138    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1139    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1140        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1141    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1142        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1143}
1144
1145void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1146{
1147    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1148        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1149        ::_exit(code);
1150    } else {
1151        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1152        onExit(code);
1153        ::exit(code);
1154    }
1155}
1156
1157void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1158{
1159    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1160}
1161
1162/*
1163 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1164 *
1165 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1166 */
1167/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1168{
1169    JNIEnv* env;
1170    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1171    assert(vm != NULL);
1172
1173    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1174        return NULL;
1175    return env;
1176}
1177
1178/*
1179 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1180 *
1181 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1182 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1183 */
1184static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1185{
1186    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1187    JavaVM* vm;
1188    jint result;
1189
1190    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1191    assert(vm != NULL);
1192
1193    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1194    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1195    args.group = NULL;
1196
1197    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1198    if (result != JNI_OK)
1199        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1200
1201    return result;
1202}
1203
1204/*
1205 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1206 */
1207static int javaDetachThread(void)
1208{
1209    JavaVM* vm;
1210    jint result;
1211
1212    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1213    assert(vm != NULL);
1214
1215    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1216    if (result != JNI_OK)
1217        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1218    return result;
1219}
1220
1221/*
1222 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1223 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1224 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1225 */
1226/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1227    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1228    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1229    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1230    free(args);
1231    JNIEnv* env;
1232    int result;
1233
1234    /* hook us into the VM */
1235    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1236        return -1;
1237
1238    /* start the thread running */
1239    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1240
1241    /* unhook us */
1242    javaDetachThread();
1243    free(name);
1244
1245    return result;
1246}
1247
1248/*
1249 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1250 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1251 *
1252 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1253 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1254 */
1255/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1256                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1257                                void* userData,
1258                                const char* threadName,
1259                                int32_t threadPriority,
1260                                size_t threadStackSize,
1261                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1262{
1263    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1264    int result;
1265
1266    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1267
1268    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1269    args[1] = userData;
1270    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1271
1272    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1273        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1274    return result;
1275}
1276
1277/*
1278 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1279 *
1280 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1281 */
1282/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1283    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1284{
1285    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1286    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1287        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1288    return threadId;
1289}
1290
1291#if 0
1292static void quickTest(void* arg)
1293{
1294    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1295
1296    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1297}
1298#endif
1299
1300#ifdef NDEBUG
1301    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1302    struct RegJNIRec {
1303        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1304    };
1305#else
1306    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1307    struct RegJNIRec {
1308        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1309        const char* mName;
1310    };
1311#endif
1312
1313typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1314
1315static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1316{
1317    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1318        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1319#ifndef NDEBUG
1320            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1321#endif
1322            return -1;
1323        }
1324    }
1325    return 0;
1326}
1327
1328static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1329    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1330    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit),
1331    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1332    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1333    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1334    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1335    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1336    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1337    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1338    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1339    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1340    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1341    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1342    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
1343    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1344    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1345    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1346    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1347    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HidlSupport),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1357    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1358    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1359    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1361    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1362    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1363    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1369    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1370    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1371    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1372    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1375    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1383
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1388    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1389    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1390    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1391    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1402    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1406    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1407    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1408    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1409    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1412    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1414
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1420    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1421    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1422    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1423    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1424    REG_JNI(register_android_os_seccomp),
1425    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1426    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1427    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1429    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1430    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SharedMemory),
1432    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ClassLoaderFactory),
1433    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1434    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1435    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1436    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1437    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1439    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1440    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1441    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1442    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1443    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1444    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1445    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1446    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1447    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1448    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1449    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1450    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1451    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1452    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1453    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1454    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1455
1456    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1457    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1458    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1459    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1460    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1461    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1462    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1463    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1464    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1465    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1466    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders),
1467    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1468    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1469    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1470    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1471    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1472    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1473    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1474    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1475    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1476    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1477
1478    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1479    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1480
1481    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1482    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1483    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1484    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1485};
1486
1487/*
1488 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1489 */
1490/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1491{
1492    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1493    /*
1494     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1495     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1496     * Attach calls.)
1497     */
1498    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1499
1500    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1501
1502    /*
1503     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1504     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1505     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1506     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1507     */
1508    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1509
1510    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1511        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1512        return -1;
1513    }
1514    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1515
1516    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1517
1518    return 0;
1519}
1520
1521AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1522{
1523    return gCurRuntime;
1524}
1525
1526/**
1527 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1528 * the framework.
1529 */
1530extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1531    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1532}
1533}   // namespace android
1534