server/telecom/CallsManager.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.server.telecom;

import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.os.SystemProperties;
import android.os.SystemVibrator;
import android.os.Trace;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import android.os.UserManager;
import android.provider.CallLog.Calls;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.telecom.CallAudioState;
import android.telecom.Conference;
import android.telecom.Connection;
import android.telecom.DisconnectCause;
import android.telecom.GatewayInfo;
import android.telecom.Log;
import android.telecom.ParcelableConference;
import android.telecom.ParcelableConnection;
import android.telecom.PhoneAccount;
import android.telecom.PhoneAccountHandle;
import android.telecom.Logging.Runnable;
import android.telecom.TelecomManager;
import android.telecom.VideoProfile;
import android.telephony.PhoneNumberUtils;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.text.TextUtils;

import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.android.internal.telephony.AsyncEmergencyContactNotifier;
import com.android.internal.telephony.PhoneConstants;
import com.android.internal.telephony.TelephonyProperties;
import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
import com.android.server.telecom.bluetooth.BluetoothRouteManager;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.AsyncBlockCheckFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.BlockCheckerAdapter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.CallFilterResultCallback;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.CallFilteringResult;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.CallScreeningServiceFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.DirectToVoicemailCallFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.IncomingCallFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.components.ErrorDialogActivity;
import com.android.server.telecom.ui.ConfirmCallDialogActivity;
import com.android.server.telecom.ui.IncomingCallNotifier;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * Singleton.
 *
 * NOTE: by design most APIs are package private, use the relevant adapter/s to allow
 * access from other packages specifically refraining from passing the CallsManager instance
 * beyond the com.android.server.telecom package boundary.
 */
@VisibleForTesting
public class CallsManager extends Call.ListenerBase
        implements VideoProviderProxy.Listener, CallFilterResultCallback, CurrentUserProxy {

    // TODO: Consider renaming this CallsManagerPlugin.
    @VisibleForTesting
    public interface CallsManagerListener {
        void onCallAdded(Call call);
        void onCallRemoved(Call call);
        void onCallStateChanged(Call call, int oldState, int newState);
        void onConnectionServiceChanged(
                Call call,
                ConnectionServiceWrapper oldService,
                ConnectionServiceWrapper newService);
        void onIncomingCallAnswered(Call call);
        void onIncomingCallRejected(Call call, boolean rejectWithMessage, String textMessage);
        void onCallAudioStateChanged(CallAudioState oldAudioState, CallAudioState newAudioState);
        void onRingbackRequested(Call call, boolean ringback);
        void onIsConferencedChanged(Call call);
        void onIsVoipAudioModeChanged(Call call);
        void onVideoStateChanged(Call call, int previousVideoState, int newVideoState);
        void onCanAddCallChanged(boolean canAddCall);
        void onSessionModifyRequestReceived(Call call, VideoProfile videoProfile);
        void onHoldToneRequested(Call call);
        void onExternalCallChanged(Call call, boolean isExternalCall);
    }

    private static final String TAG = "CallsManager";

    /**
     * Call filter specifier used with
     * {@link #getNumCallsWithState(int, Call, PhoneAccountHandle, int...)} to indicate only
     * self-managed calls should be included.
     */
    private static final int CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED = 1;

    /**
     * Call filter specifier used with
     * {@link #getNumCallsWithState(int, Call, PhoneAccountHandle, int...)} to indicate only
     * managed calls should be included.
     */
    private static final int CALL_FILTER_MANAGED = 2;

    /**
     * Call filter specifier used with
     * {@link #getNumCallsWithState(int, Call, PhoneAccountHandle, int...)} to indicate both managed
     * and self-managed calls should be included.
     */
    private static final int CALL_FILTER_ALL = 3;

    private static final String PERMISSION_PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION =
            "android.permission.PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION";

    private static final int HANDLER_WAIT_TIMEOUT = 10000;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_LIVE_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_HOLD_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_RINGING_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_DIALING_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_OUTGOING_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_TOP_LEVEL_CALLS = 2;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_SELF_MANAGED_CALLS = 10;

    private static final int[] OUTGOING_CALL_STATES =
            {CallState.CONNECTING, CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING,
                    CallState.PULLING};

    /**
     * These states are used by {@link #makeRoomForOutgoingCall(Call, boolean)} to determine which
     * call should be ended first to make room for a new outgoing call.
     */
    private static final int[] LIVE_CALL_STATES =
            {CallState.CONNECTING, CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING,
                    CallState.PULLING, CallState.ACTIVE};

    /**
     * These states determine which calls will cause {@link TelecomManager#isInCall()} or
     * {@link TelecomManager#isInManagedCall()} to return true.
     *
     * See also {@link PhoneStateBroadcaster}, which considers a similar set of states as being
     * off-hook.
     */
    public static final int[] ONGOING_CALL_STATES =
            {CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING, CallState.PULLING, CallState.ACTIVE,
                    CallState.ON_HOLD, CallState.RINGING};

    private static final int[] ANY_CALL_STATE =
            {CallState.NEW, CallState.CONNECTING, CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING,
                    CallState.RINGING, CallState.ACTIVE, CallState.ON_HOLD, CallState.DISCONNECTED,
                    CallState.ABORTED, CallState.DISCONNECTING, CallState.PULLING};

    public static final String TELECOM_CALL_ID_PREFIX = "TC@";

    // Maps call technologies in PhoneConstants to those in Analytics.
    private static final Map<Integer, Integer> sAnalyticsTechnologyMap;
    static {
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap = new HashMap<>(5);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA, Analytics.CDMA_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_GSM, Analytics.GSM_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_IMS, Analytics.IMS_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_SIP, Analytics.SIP_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_THIRD_PARTY,
                Analytics.THIRD_PARTY_PHONE);
    }

    /**
     * The main call repository. Keeps an instance of all live calls. New incoming and outgoing
     * calls are added to the map and removed when the calls move to the disconnected state.
     *
     * ConcurrentHashMap constructor params: 8 is initial table size, 0.9f is
     * load factor before resizing, 1 means we only expect a single thread to
     * access the map so make only a single shard
     */
    private final Set<Call> mCalls = Collections.newSetFromMap(
            new ConcurrentHashMap<Call, Boolean>(8, 0.9f, 1));

    /**
     * A pending call is one which requires user-intervention in order to be placed.
     * Used by {@link #startCallConfirmation(Call)}.
     */
    private Call mPendingCall;

    /**
     * The current telecom call ID.  Used when creating new instances of {@link Call}.  Should
     * only be accessed using the {@link #getNextCallId()} method which synchronizes on the
     * {@link #mLock} sync root.
     */
    private int mCallId = 0;

    private int mRttRequestId = 0;
    /**
     * Stores the current foreground user.
     */
    private UserHandle mCurrentUserHandle = UserHandle.of(ActivityManager.getCurrentUser());

    private final ConnectionServiceRepository mConnectionServiceRepository;
    private final DtmfLocalTonePlayer mDtmfLocalTonePlayer;
    private final InCallController mInCallController;
    private final CallAudioManager mCallAudioManager;
    private RespondViaSmsManager mRespondViaSmsManager;
    private final Ringer mRinger;
    private final InCallWakeLockController mInCallWakeLockController;
    // For this set initial table size to 16 because we add 13 listeners in
    // the CallsManager constructor.
    private final Set<CallsManagerListener> mListeners = Collections.newSetFromMap(
            new ConcurrentHashMap<CallsManagerListener, Boolean>(16, 0.9f, 1));
    private final HeadsetMediaButton mHeadsetMediaButton;
    private final WiredHeadsetManager mWiredHeadsetManager;
    private final BluetoothRouteManager mBluetoothRouteManager;
    private final DockManager mDockManager;
    private final TtyManager mTtyManager;
    private final ProximitySensorManager mProximitySensorManager;
    private final PhoneStateBroadcaster mPhoneStateBroadcaster;
    private final CallLogManager mCallLogManager;
    private final Context mContext;
    private final TelecomSystem.SyncRoot mLock;
    private final ContactsAsyncHelper mContactsAsyncHelper;
    private final CallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory;
    private final PhoneAccountRegistrar mPhoneAccountRegistrar;
    private final MissedCallNotifier mMissedCallNotifier;
    private IncomingCallNotifier mIncomingCallNotifier;
    private final CallerInfoLookupHelper mCallerInfoLookupHelper;
    private final DefaultDialerCache mDefaultDialerCache;
    private final Timeouts.Adapter mTimeoutsAdapter;
    private final PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter;
    private final ClockProxy mClockProxy;
    private final Set<Call> mLocallyDisconnectingCalls = new HashSet<>();
    private final Set<Call> mPendingCallsToDisconnect = new HashSet<>();
    /* Handler tied to thread in which CallManager was initialized. */
    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    private final EmergencyCallHelper mEmergencyCallHelper;

    private boolean mCanAddCall = true;

    private TelephonyManager.MultiSimVariants mRadioSimVariants = null;

    private Runnable mStopTone;

    /**
     * Listener to PhoneAccountRegistrar events.
     */
    private PhoneAccountRegistrar.Listener mPhoneAccountListener =
            new PhoneAccountRegistrar.Listener() {
        public void onPhoneAccountRegistered(PhoneAccountRegistrar registrar,
                                             PhoneAccountHandle handle) {
            broadcastRegisterIntent(handle);
        }
        public void onPhoneAccountUnRegistered(PhoneAccountRegistrar registrar,
                                               PhoneAccountHandle handle) {
            broadcastUnregisterIntent(handle);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Initializes the required Telecom components.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public CallsManager(
            Context context,
            TelecomSystem.SyncRoot lock,
            ContactsAsyncHelper contactsAsyncHelper,
            CallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory callerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
            MissedCallNotifier missedCallNotifier,
            PhoneAccountRegistrar phoneAccountRegistrar,
            HeadsetMediaButtonFactory headsetMediaButtonFactory,
            ProximitySensorManagerFactory proximitySensorManagerFactory,
            InCallWakeLockControllerFactory inCallWakeLockControllerFactory,
            CallAudioManager.AudioServiceFactory audioServiceFactory,
            BluetoothRouteManager bluetoothManager,
            WiredHeadsetManager wiredHeadsetManager,
            SystemStateProvider systemStateProvider,
            DefaultDialerCache defaultDialerCache,
            Timeouts.Adapter timeoutsAdapter,
            AsyncRingtonePlayer asyncRingtonePlayer,
            PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter phoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
            EmergencyCallHelper emergencyCallHelper,
            InCallTonePlayer.ToneGeneratorFactory toneGeneratorFactory,
            ClockProxy clockProxy,
            InCallControllerFactory inCallControllerFactory) {
        mContext = context;
        mLock = lock;
        mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter = phoneNumberUtilsAdapter;
        mContactsAsyncHelper = contactsAsyncHelper;
        mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory = callerInfoAsyncQueryFactory;
        mPhoneAccountRegistrar = phoneAccountRegistrar;
        mPhoneAccountRegistrar.addListener(mPhoneAccountListener);
        mMissedCallNotifier = missedCallNotifier;
        StatusBarNotifier statusBarNotifier = new StatusBarNotifier(context, this);
        mWiredHeadsetManager = wiredHeadsetManager;
        mDefaultDialerCache = defaultDialerCache;
        mBluetoothRouteManager = bluetoothManager;
        mDockManager = new DockManager(context);
        mTimeoutsAdapter = timeoutsAdapter;
        mEmergencyCallHelper = emergencyCallHelper;
        mCallerInfoLookupHelper = new CallerInfoLookupHelper(context, mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mContactsAsyncHelper, mLock);

        mDtmfLocalTonePlayer =
                new DtmfLocalTonePlayer(new DtmfLocalTonePlayer.ToneGeneratorProxy());
        CallAudioRouteStateMachine callAudioRouteStateMachine = new CallAudioRouteStateMachine(
                context,
                this,
                bluetoothManager,
                wiredHeadsetManager,
                statusBarNotifier,
                audioServiceFactory,
                CallAudioRouteStateMachine.doesDeviceSupportEarpieceRoute()
        );
        callAudioRouteStateMachine.initialize();

        CallAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter callAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter =
                new CallAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter(
                        callAudioRouteStateMachine,
                        bluetoothManager,
                        wiredHeadsetManager,
                        mDockManager);

        InCallTonePlayer.Factory playerFactory = new InCallTonePlayer.Factory(
                callAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter, lock, toneGeneratorFactory);

        SystemSettingsUtil systemSettingsUtil = new SystemSettingsUtil();
        RingtoneFactory ringtoneFactory = new RingtoneFactory(this, context);
        SystemVibrator systemVibrator = new SystemVibrator(context);
        mInCallController = inCallControllerFactory.create(context, mLock, this,
                systemStateProvider, defaultDialerCache, mTimeoutsAdapter,
                emergencyCallHelper);
        mRinger = new Ringer(playerFactory, context, systemSettingsUtil, asyncRingtonePlayer,
                ringtoneFactory, systemVibrator, mInCallController);

        mCallAudioManager = new CallAudioManager(callAudioRouteStateMachine,
                this,new CallAudioModeStateMachine((AudioManager)
                        mContext.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE)),
                playerFactory, mRinger, new RingbackPlayer(playerFactory), mDtmfLocalTonePlayer);

        mHeadsetMediaButton = headsetMediaButtonFactory.create(context, this, mLock);
        mTtyManager = new TtyManager(context, mWiredHeadsetManager);
        mProximitySensorManager = proximitySensorManagerFactory.create(context, this);
        mPhoneStateBroadcaster = new PhoneStateBroadcaster(this);
        mCallLogManager = new CallLogManager(context, phoneAccountRegistrar, mMissedCallNotifier);
        mConnectionServiceRepository =
                new ConnectionServiceRepository(mPhoneAccountRegistrar, mContext, mLock, this);
        mInCallWakeLockController = inCallWakeLockControllerFactory.create(context, this);
        mClockProxy = clockProxy;

        mListeners.add(mInCallWakeLockController);
        mListeners.add(statusBarNotifier);
        mListeners.add(mCallLogManager);
        mListeners.add(mPhoneStateBroadcaster);
        mListeners.add(mInCallController);
        mListeners.add(mCallAudioManager);
        mListeners.add(missedCallNotifier);
        mListeners.add(mHeadsetMediaButton);
        mListeners.add(mProximitySensorManager);

        // There is no USER_SWITCHED broadcast for user 0, handle it here explicitly.
        final UserManager userManager = UserManager.get(mContext);
        // Don't load missed call if it is run in split user model.
        if (userManager.isPrimaryUser()) {
            onUserSwitch(Process.myUserHandle());
        }
    }

    public void setIncomingCallNotifier(IncomingCallNotifier incomingCallNotifier) {
        if (mIncomingCallNotifier != null) {
            mListeners.remove(mIncomingCallNotifier);
        }
        mIncomingCallNotifier = incomingCallNotifier;
        mListeners.add(mIncomingCallNotifier);
    }

    public void setRespondViaSmsManager(RespondViaSmsManager respondViaSmsManager) {
        if (mRespondViaSmsManager != null) {
            mListeners.remove(mRespondViaSmsManager);
        }
        mRespondViaSmsManager = respondViaSmsManager;
        mListeners.add(respondViaSmsManager);
    }

    public RespondViaSmsManager getRespondViaSmsManager() {
        return mRespondViaSmsManager;
    }

    public CallerInfoLookupHelper getCallerInfoLookupHelper() {
        return mCallerInfoLookupHelper;
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccessfulOutgoingCall(Call call, int callState) {
        Log.v(this, "onSuccessfulOutgoingCall, %s", call);

        setCallState(call, callState, "successful outgoing call");
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            // Call was not added previously in startOutgoingCall due to it being a potential MMI
            // code, so add it now.
            addCall(call);
        }

        // The call's ConnectionService has been updated.
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onConnectionServiceChanged(call, null, call.getConnectionService());
        }

        markCallAsDialing(call);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailedOutgoingCall(Call call, DisconnectCause disconnectCause) {
        Log.v(this, "onFailedOutgoingCall, call: %s", call);

        markCallAsRemoved(call);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccessfulIncomingCall(Call incomingCall) {
        Log.d(this, "onSuccessfulIncomingCall");
        if (incomingCall.hasProperty(Connection.PROPERTY_EMERGENCY_CALLBACK_MODE)) {
            Log.i(this, "Skipping call filtering due to ECBM");
            onCallFilteringComplete(incomingCall, new CallFilteringResult(true, false, true, true));
            return;
        }

        List<IncomingCallFilter.CallFilter> filters = new ArrayList<>();
        filters.add(new DirectToVoicemailCallFilter(mCallerInfoLookupHelper));
        filters.add(new AsyncBlockCheckFilter(mContext, new BlockCheckerAdapter()));
        filters.add(new CallScreeningServiceFilter(mContext, this, mPhoneAccountRegistrar,
                mDefaultDialerCache, new ParcelableCallUtils.Converter(), mLock));
        new IncomingCallFilter(mContext, this, incomingCall, mLock,
                mTimeoutsAdapter, filters).performFiltering();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCallFilteringComplete(Call incomingCall, CallFilteringResult result) {
        // Only set the incoming call as ringing if it isn't already disconnected. It is possible
        // that the connection service disconnected the call before it was even added to Telecom, in
        // which case it makes no sense to set it back to a ringing state.
        if (incomingCall.getState() != CallState.DISCONNECTED &&
                incomingCall.getState() != CallState.DISCONNECTING) {
            setCallState(incomingCall, CallState.RINGING,
                    result.shouldAllowCall ? "successful incoming call" : "blocking call");
        } else {
            Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: call already disconnected.");
            return;
        }

        if (result.shouldAllowCall) {
            if (hasMaximumManagedRingingCalls(incomingCall)) {
                if (shouldSilenceInsteadOfReject(incomingCall)) {
                    incomingCall.silence();
                } else {
                    Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: Call rejected! " +
                            "Exceeds maximum number of ringing calls.");
                    rejectCallAndLog(incomingCall);
                }
            } else if (hasMaximumManagedDialingCalls(incomingCall)) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: Call rejected! Exceeds maximum number of " +
                        "dialing calls.");
                rejectCallAndLog(incomingCall);
            } else {
                addCall(incomingCall);
            }
        } else {
            if (result.shouldReject) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: blocked call, rejecting.");
                incomingCall.reject(false, null);
            }
            if (result.shouldAddToCallLog) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallScreeningCompleted: blocked call, adding to call log.");
                if (result.shouldShowNotification) {
                    Log.w(this, "onCallScreeningCompleted: blocked call, showing notification.");
                }
                mCallLogManager.logCall(incomingCall, Calls.MISSED_TYPE,
                        result.shouldShowNotification);
            } else if (result.shouldShowNotification) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallScreeningCompleted: blocked call, showing notification.");
                mMissedCallNotifier.showMissedCallNotification(
                        new MissedCallNotifier.CallInfo(incomingCall));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Whether allow (silence rather than reject) the incoming call if it has a different source
     * (connection service) from the existing ringing call when reaching maximum ringing calls.
     */
    private boolean shouldSilenceInsteadOfReject(Call incomingCall) {
        if (!mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                R.bool.silence_incoming_when_different_service_and_maximum_ringing)) {
            return false;
        }

        Call ringingCall = null;

        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            // Only operate on top-level calls
            if (call.getParentCall() != null) {
                continue;
            }

            if (call.isExternalCall()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (CallState.RINGING == call.getState() &&
                    call.getConnectionService() == incomingCall.getConnectionService()) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailedIncomingCall(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.DISCONNECTED, "failed incoming call");
        call.removeListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccessfulUnknownCall(Call call, int callState) {
        setCallState(call, callState, "successful unknown call");
        Log.i(this, "onSuccessfulUnknownCall for call %s", call);
        addCall(call);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailedUnknownCall(Call call) {
        Log.i(this, "onFailedUnknownCall for call %s", call);
        setCallState(call, CallState.DISCONNECTED, "failed unknown call");
        call.removeListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRingbackRequested(Call call, boolean ringback) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onRingbackRequested(call, ringback);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onPostDialWait(Call call, String remaining) {
        mInCallController.onPostDialWait(call, remaining);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPostDialChar(final Call call, char nextChar) {
        if (PhoneNumberUtils.is12Key(nextChar)) {
            // Play tone if it is one of the dialpad digits, canceling out the previously queued
            // up stopTone runnable since playing a new tone automatically stops the previous tone.
            if (mStopTone != null) {
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStopTone.getRunnableToCancel());
                mStopTone.cancel();
            }

            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.playTone(call, nextChar);

            mStopTone = new Runnable("CM.oPDC", mLock) {
                @Override
                public void loggedRun() {
                    // Set a timeout to stop the tone in case there isn't another tone to
                    // follow.
                    mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.stopTone(call);
                }
            };
            mHandler.postDelayed(mStopTone.prepare(),
                    Timeouts.getDelayBetweenDtmfTonesMillis(mContext.getContentResolver()));
        } else if (nextChar == 0 || nextChar == TelecomManager.DTMF_CHARACTER_WAIT ||
                nextChar == TelecomManager.DTMF_CHARACTER_PAUSE) {
            // Stop the tone if a tone is playing, removing any other stopTone callbacks since
            // the previous tone is being stopped anyway.
            if (mStopTone != null) {
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStopTone.getRunnableToCancel());
                mStopTone.cancel();
            }
            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.stopTone(call);
        } else {
            Log.w(this, "onPostDialChar: invalid value %d", nextChar);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onParentChanged(Call call) {
        // parent-child relationship affects which call should be foreground, so do an update.
        updateCanAddCall();
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onIsConferencedChanged(call);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onChildrenChanged(Call call) {
        // parent-child relationship affects which call should be foreground, so do an update.
        updateCanAddCall();
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onIsConferencedChanged(call);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onIsVoipAudioModeChanged(Call call) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onIsVoipAudioModeChanged(call);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onVideoStateChanged(Call call, int previousVideoState, int newVideoState) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onVideoStateChanged(call, previousVideoState, newVideoState);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCanceledViaNewOutgoingCallBroadcast(final Call call,
            long disconnectionTimeout) {
        mPendingCallsToDisconnect.add(call);
        mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable("CM.oCVNOCB", mLock) {
            @Override
            public void loggedRun() {
                if (mPendingCallsToDisconnect.remove(call)) {
                    Log.i(this, "Delayed disconnection of call: %s", call);
                    call.disconnect();
                }
            }
        }.prepare(), disconnectionTimeout);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Handles changes to the {@link Connection.VideoProvider} for a call.  Adds the
     * {@link CallsManager} as a listener for the {@link VideoProviderProxy} which is created
     * in {@link Call#setVideoProvider(IVideoProvider)}.  This allows the {@link CallsManager} to
     * respond to callbacks from the {@link VideoProviderProxy}.
     *
     * @param call The call.
     */
    @Override
    public void onVideoCallProviderChanged(Call call) {
        VideoProviderProxy videoProviderProxy = call.getVideoProviderProxy();

        if (videoProviderProxy == null) {
            return;
        }

        videoProviderProxy.addListener(this);
    }

    /**
     * Handles session modification requests received via the {@link TelecomVideoCallCallback} for
     * a call.  Notifies listeners of the {@link CallsManager.CallsManagerListener} of the session
     * modification request.
     *
     * @param call The call.
     * @param videoProfile The {@link VideoProfile}.
     */
    @Override
    public void onSessionModifyRequestReceived(Call call, VideoProfile videoProfile) {
        int videoState = videoProfile != null ? videoProfile.getVideoState() :
                VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
        Log.v(TAG, "onSessionModifyRequestReceived : videoProfile = " + VideoProfile
                .videoStateToString(videoState));

        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onSessionModifyRequestReceived(call, videoProfile);
        }
    }

    public Collection<Call> getCalls() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(mCalls);
    }

    /**
     * Play or stop a call hold tone for a call.  Triggered via
     * {@link Connection#sendConnectionEvent(String)} when the
     * {@link Connection#EVENT_ON_HOLD_TONE_START} event or
     * {@link Connection#EVENT_ON_HOLD_TONE_STOP} event is passed through to the
     *
     * @param call The call which requested the hold tone.
     */
    @Override
    public void onHoldToneRequested(Call call) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onHoldToneRequested(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A {@link Call} managed by the {@link CallsManager} has requested a handover to another
     * {@link PhoneAccount}.
     * @param call The call.
     * @param handoverTo The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to handover the call to.
     * @param videoState The desired video state of the call after handover.
     * @param extras
     */
    @Override
    public void onHandoverRequested(Call call, PhoneAccountHandle handoverTo, int videoState,
                                    Bundle extras) {
        requestHandover(call, handoverTo, videoState, extras);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getForegroundCall() {
        if (mCallAudioManager == null) {
            // Happens when getForegroundCall is called before full initialization.
            return null;
        }
        return mCallAudioManager.getForegroundCall();
    }

    @Override
    public UserHandle getCurrentUserHandle() {
        return mCurrentUserHandle;
    }

    public CallAudioManager getCallAudioManager() {
        return mCallAudioManager;
    }

    InCallController getInCallController() {
        return mInCallController;
    }

    EmergencyCallHelper getEmergencyCallHelper() {
        return mEmergencyCallHelper;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean hasEmergencyCall() {
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    boolean hasOnlyDisconnectedCalls() {
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (!call.isDisconnected()) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public boolean hasVideoCall() {
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (VideoProfile.isVideo(call.getVideoState())) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public CallAudioState getAudioState() {
        return mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioState();
    }

    boolean isTtySupported() {
        return mTtyManager.isTtySupported();
    }

    int getCurrentTtyMode() {
        return mTtyManager.getCurrentTtyMode();
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public void addListener(CallsManagerListener listener) {
        mListeners.add(listener);
    }

    void removeListener(CallsManagerListener listener) {
        mListeners.remove(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Starts the process to attach the call to a connection service.
     *
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The phone account which contains the component name of the
     *        connection service to use for this call.
     * @param extras The optional extras Bundle passed with the intent used for the incoming call.
     */
    void processIncomingCallIntent(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Bundle extras) {
        Log.d(this, "processIncomingCallIntent");
        boolean isHandover = extras.getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_IS_HANDOVER);
        Uri handle = extras.getParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_CALL_ADDRESS);
        if (handle == null) {
            // Required for backwards compatibility
            handle = extras.getParcelable(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_NUMBER);
        }
        Call call = new Call(
                getNextCallId(),
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                handle,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                phoneAccountHandle,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_INCOMING /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                false, /* isConference */
                mClockProxy);

        // Ensure new calls related to self-managed calls/connections are set as such.  This will
        // be overridden when the actual connection is returned in startCreateConnection, however
        // doing this now ensures the logs and any other logic will treat this call as self-managed
        // from the moment it is created.
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount = mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(
                phoneAccountHandle);
        if (phoneAccount != null) {
            call.setIsSelfManaged(phoneAccount.isSelfManaged());
            if (call.isSelfManaged()) {
                // Self managed calls will always be voip audio mode.
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            } else {
                // Incoming call is not self-managed, so we need to set extras on it to indicate
                // whether answering will cause a background self-managed call to drop.
                if (hasSelfManagedCalls()) {
                    Bundle dropCallExtras = new Bundle();
                    dropCallExtras.putBoolean(Connection.EXTRA_ANSWERING_DROPS_FG_CALL, true);

                    // Include the name of the app which will drop the call.
                    Call foregroundCall = getForegroundCall();
                    if (foregroundCall != null) {
                        CharSequence droppedApp = foregroundCall.getTargetPhoneAccountLabel();
                        dropCallExtras.putCharSequence(
                                Connection.EXTRA_ANSWERING_DROPS_FG_CALL_APP_NAME, droppedApp);
                        Log.i(this, "Incoming managed call will drop %s call.", droppedApp);
                    }
                    call.putExtras(Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE, dropCallExtras);
                }
            }

            if (extras.getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
                Log.d(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: defaulting to voip mode for call %s",
                        call.getId());
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            }
        }
        if (extras.getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_RTT, false)) {
            if (phoneAccount != null &&
                    phoneAccount.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_RTT)) {
                call.setRttStreams(true);
            }
        }
        // If the extras specifies a video state, set it on the call if the PhoneAccount supports
        // video.
        int videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
        if (extras.containsKey(TelecomManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_VIDEO_STATE) &&
                phoneAccount != null && phoneAccount.hasCapabilities(
                        PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
            videoState = extras.getInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_VIDEO_STATE);
            call.setVideoState(videoState);
        }

        call.initAnalytics();
        if (getForegroundCall() != null) {
            getForegroundCall().getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
            call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
        }
        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);
        // TODO: Move this to be a part of addCall()
        call.addListener(this);

        boolean isHandoverAllowed = true;
        if (isHandover) {
            if (!isHandoverInProgress() &&
                    isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(phoneAccountHandle)) {
                final String handleScheme = handle.getSchemeSpecificPart();
                Call fromCall = mCalls.stream()
                        .filter((c) -> mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter.isSamePhoneNumber(
                                c.getHandle().getSchemeSpecificPart(), handleScheme))
                        .findFirst()
                        .orElse(null);
                if (fromCall != null) {
                    if (!isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(fromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount())) {
                        Log.w(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: From account doesn't support " +
                                "handover.");
                        isHandoverAllowed = false;
                    }
                } else {
                    Log.w(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: handover fail; can't find from call.");
                    isHandoverAllowed = false;
                }

                if (isHandoverAllowed) {
                    // Link the calls so we know we're handing over.
                    fromCall.setHandoverDestinationCall(call);
                    call.setHandoverSourceCall(fromCall);
                    call.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED);
                    fromCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED);
                    Log.addEvent(fromCall, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                            "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", fromCall.getId(), call.getId());
                    Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                            "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", fromCall.getId(), call.getId());
                    if (isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls() && VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState)) {
                        // Ensure when the call goes active that it will go to speakerphone if the
                        // handover to call is a video call.
                        call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(true);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Log.w(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: To account doesn't support handover.");
            }
        }

        if (!isHandoverAllowed || (call.isSelfManaged() && !isIncomingCallPermitted(call,
                call.getTargetPhoneAccount()))) {
            notifyCreateConnectionFailed(phoneAccountHandle, call);
        } else {
            call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
        }
    }

    void addNewUnknownCall(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Bundle extras) {
        Uri handle = extras.getParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_UNKNOWN_CALL_HANDLE);
        Log.i(this, "addNewUnknownCall with handle: %s", Log.pii(handle));
        Call call = new Call(
                getNextCallId(),
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                handle,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                phoneAccountHandle,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_UNKNOWN /* callDirection */,
                // Use onCreateIncomingConnection in TelephonyConnectionService, so that we attach
                // to the existing connection instead of trying to create a new one.
                true /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                false, /* isConference */
                mClockProxy);
        call.initAnalytics();

        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);
        call.addListener(this);
        call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
    }

    private boolean areHandlesEqual(Uri handle1, Uri handle2) {
        if (handle1 == null || handle2 == null) {
            return handle1 == handle2;
        }

        if (!TextUtils.equals(handle1.getScheme(), handle2.getScheme())) {
            return false;
        }

        final String number1 = PhoneNumberUtils.normalizeNumber(handle1.getSchemeSpecificPart());
        final String number2 = PhoneNumberUtils.normalizeNumber(handle2.getSchemeSpecificPart());
        return TextUtils.equals(number1, number2);
    }

    private Call reuseOutgoingCall(Uri handle) {
        // Check to see if we can reuse any of the calls that are waiting to disconnect.
        // See {@link Call#abort} and {@link #onCanceledViaNewOutgoingCall} for more information.
        Call reusedCall = null;
        for (Iterator<Call> callIter = mPendingCallsToDisconnect.iterator(); callIter.hasNext();) {
            Call pendingCall = callIter.next();
            if (reusedCall == null && areHandlesEqual(pendingCall.getHandle(), handle)) {
                callIter.remove();
                Log.i(this, "Reusing disconnected call %s", pendingCall);
                reusedCall = pendingCall;
            } else {
                Log.i(this, "Not reusing disconnected call %s", pendingCall);
                callIter.remove();
                pendingCall.disconnect();
            }
        }

        return reusedCall;
    }

    /**
     * Kicks off the first steps to creating an outgoing call.
     *
     * For managed connections, this is the first step to launching the Incall UI.
     * For self-managed connections, we don't expect the Incall UI to launch, but this is still a
     * first step in getting the self-managed ConnectionService to create the connection.
     * @param handle Handle to connect the call with.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The phone account which contains the component name of the
     *        connection service to use for this call.
     * @param extras The optional extras Bundle passed with the intent used for the incoming call.
     * @param initiatingUser {@link UserHandle} of user that place the outgoing call.
     * @param originalIntent
     */
    Call startOutgoingCall(Uri handle, PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Bundle extras,
            UserHandle initiatingUser, Intent originalIntent) {
        boolean isReusedCall = true;
        Call call = reuseOutgoingCall(handle);

        PhoneAccount account =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);
        boolean isSelfManaged = account != null && account.isSelfManaged();

        // Create a call with original handle. The handle may be changed when the call is attached
        // to a connection service, but in most cases will remain the same.
        if (call == null) {
            call = new Call(getNextCallId(), mContext,
                    this,
                    mLock,
                    mConnectionServiceRepository,
                    mContactsAsyncHelper,
                    mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                    mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                    handle,
                    null /* gatewayInfo */,
                    null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                    null /* phoneAccountHandle */,
                    Call.CALL_DIRECTION_OUTGOING /* callDirection */,
                    false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                    false, /* isConference */
                    mClockProxy);
            call.initAnalytics();

            // Ensure new calls related to self-managed calls/connections are set as such.  This
            // will be overridden when the actual connection is returned in startCreateConnection,
            // however doing this now ensures the logs and any other logic will treat this call as
            // self-managed from the moment it is created.
            call.setIsSelfManaged(isSelfManaged);
            if (isSelfManaged) {
                // Self-managed calls will ALWAYS use voip audio mode.
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            }
            call.setInitiatingUser(initiatingUser);
            isReusedCall = false;
        }

        int videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
        if (extras != null) {
            // Set the video state on the call early so that when it is added to the InCall UI the
            // UI knows to configure itself as a video call immediately.
            videoState = extras.getInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_VIDEO_STATE,
                    VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY);

            // If this is an emergency video call, we need to check if the phone account supports
            // emergency video calling.
            // Also, ensure we don't try to place an outgoing call with video if video is not
            // supported.
            if (VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState)) {
                if (call.isEmergencyCall() && account != null &&
                        !account.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_EMERGENCY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
                    // Phone account doesn't support emergency video calling, so fallback to
                    // audio-only now to prevent the InCall UI from setting up video surfaces
                    // needlessly.
                    Log.i(this, "startOutgoingCall - emergency video calls not supported; " +
                            "falling back to audio-only");
                    videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
                } else if (account != null &&
                        !account.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
                    // Phone account doesn't support video calling, so fallback to audio-only.
                    Log.i(this, "startOutgoingCall - video calls not supported; fallback to " +
                            "audio-only.");
                    videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
                }
            }

            call.setVideoState(videoState);
        }

        List<PhoneAccountHandle> potentialPhoneAccounts = findOutgoingCallPhoneAccount(
                phoneAccountHandle, handle, VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState), initiatingUser);
        if (potentialPhoneAccounts.size() == 1) {
            phoneAccountHandle = potentialPhoneAccounts.get(0);
        } else {
            phoneAccountHandle = null;
        }
        call.setTargetPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle);

        boolean isPotentialInCallMMICode = isPotentialInCallMMICode(handle) && !isSelfManaged;

        // Do not support any more live calls.  Our options are to move a call to hold, disconnect
        // a call, or cancel this call altogether. If a call is being reused, then it has already
        // passed the makeRoomForOutgoingCall check once and will fail the second time due to the
        // call transitioning into the CONNECTING state.
        if (!isSelfManaged && !isPotentialInCallMMICode && (!isReusedCall &&
                !makeRoomForOutgoingCall(call, call.isEmergencyCall()))) {
            // just cancel at this point.
            Log.i(this, "No remaining room for outgoing call: %s", call);
            if (mCalls.contains(call)) {
                // This call can already exist if it is a reused call,
                // See {@link #reuseOutgoingCall}.
                call.disconnect();
            }
            return null;
        }

        boolean needsAccountSelection =
                phoneAccountHandle == null && potentialPhoneAccounts.size() > 1
                        && !call.isEmergencyCall() && !isSelfManaged;

        if (needsAccountSelection) {
            // This is the state where the user is expected to select an account
            call.setState(CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, "needs account selection");
            // Create our own instance to modify (since extras may be Bundle.EMPTY)
            extras = new Bundle(extras);
            extras.putParcelableList(android.telecom.Call.AVAILABLE_PHONE_ACCOUNTS,
                    potentialPhoneAccounts);
        } else {
            PhoneAccount accountToUse =
                    mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);
            if (accountToUse != null && accountToUse.getExtras() != null) {
                if (accountToUse.getExtras()
                        .getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
                    Log.d(this, "startOutgoingCall: defaulting to voip mode for call %s",
                            call.getId());
                    call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
                }
            }

            call.setState(
                    CallState.CONNECTING,
                    phoneAccountHandle == null ? "no-handle" : phoneAccountHandle.toString());
            if (extras != null
                    && extras.getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_RTT, false)) {
                if (accountToUse != null
                        && accountToUse.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_RTT)) {
                    call.setRttStreams(true);
                }
            }
        }
        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);

        if ((isPotentialMMICode(handle) || isPotentialInCallMMICode)
                && !needsAccountSelection) {
            // Do not add the call if it is a potential MMI code.
            call.addListener(this);
        } else if (!isSelfManaged && hasSelfManagedCalls() && !call.isEmergencyCall()) {
            // Adding a managed call and there are ongoing self-managed call(s).
            call.setOriginalCallIntent(originalIntent);
            startCallConfirmation(call);
            return null;
        } else if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            // We check if mCalls already contains the call because we could potentially be reusing
            // a call which was previously added (See {@link #reuseOutgoingCall}).
            addCall(call);
        }

        return call;
    }

    /**
     * Finds the {@link PhoneAccountHandle}(s) which could potentially be used to place an outgoing
     * call.  Takes into account the following:
     * 1. Any pre-chosen {@link PhoneAccountHandle} which was specified on the
     * {@link Intent#ACTION_CALL} intent.  If one was chosen it will be used if possible.
     * 2. Whether the call is a video call.  If the call being placed is a video call, an attempt is
     * first made to consider video capable phone accounts.  If no video capable phone accounts are
     * found, the usual non-video capable phone accounts will be considered.
     * 3. Whether there is a user-chosen default phone account; that one will be used if possible.
     *
     * @param targetPhoneAccountHandle The pre-chosen {@link PhoneAccountHandle} passed in when the
     *                                 call was placed.  Will be {@code null} if the
     *                                 {@link Intent#ACTION_CALL} intent did not specify a target
     *                                 phone account.
     * @param handle The handle of the outgoing call; used to determine the SIP scheme when matching
     *               phone accounts.
     * @param isVideo {@code true} if the call is a video call, {@code false} otherwise.
     * @param initiatingUser The {@link UserHandle} the call is placed on.
     * @return
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public List<PhoneAccountHandle> findOutgoingCallPhoneAccount(
            PhoneAccountHandle targetPhoneAccountHandle, Uri handle, boolean isVideo,
            UserHandle initiatingUser) {
        boolean isSelfManaged = isSelfManaged(targetPhoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);

        List<PhoneAccountHandle> accounts;
        if (!isSelfManaged) {
            // Try to find a potential phone account, taking into account whether this is a video
            // call.
            accounts = constructPossiblePhoneAccounts(handle, initiatingUser, isVideo);
            if (isVideo && accounts.size() == 0) {
                // Placing a video call but no video capable accounts were found, so consider any
                // call capable accounts (we can fallback to audio).
                accounts = constructPossiblePhoneAccounts(handle, initiatingUser,
                        false /* isVideo */);
            }
            Log.v(this, "findOutgoingCallPhoneAccount: accounts = " + accounts);

            // Only dial with the requested phoneAccount if it is still valid. Otherwise treat this
            // call as if a phoneAccount was not specified (does the default behavior instead).
            // Note: We will not attempt to dial with a requested phoneAccount if it is disabled.
            if (targetPhoneAccountHandle != null) {
                if (!accounts.contains(targetPhoneAccountHandle)) {
                    targetPhoneAccountHandle = null;
                } else {
                    // The target phone account is valid and was found.
                    return Arrays.asList(targetPhoneAccountHandle);
                }
            }

            if (targetPhoneAccountHandle == null && accounts.size() > 0) {
                // No preset account, check if default exists that supports the URI scheme for the
                // handle and verify it can be used.
                if (accounts.size() > 1) {
                    PhoneAccountHandle defaultPhoneAccountHandle =
                            mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getOutgoingPhoneAccountForScheme(
                                    handle.getScheme(), initiatingUser);
                    if (defaultPhoneAccountHandle != null &&
                            accounts.contains(defaultPhoneAccountHandle)) {
                        accounts.clear();
                        accounts.add(defaultPhoneAccountHandle);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Self-managed ConnectionServices can only have a single potential account.
            accounts = Arrays.asList(targetPhoneAccountHandle);
        }
        return accounts;
    }

    private boolean isSelfManaged(PhoneAccountHandle targetPhoneAccountHandle,
            UserHandle initiatingUser) {
        PhoneAccount targetPhoneAccount = mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(
                targetPhoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);
        return targetPhoneAccount != null && targetPhoneAccount.isSelfManaged();
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to issue/connect the specified call.
     *
     * @param handle Handle to connect the call with.
     * @param gatewayInfo Optional gateway information that can be used to route the call to the
     *        actual dialed handle via a gateway provider. May be null.
     * @param speakerphoneOn Whether or not to turn the speakerphone on once the call connects.
     * @param videoState The desired video state for the outgoing call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void placeOutgoingCall(Call call, Uri handle, GatewayInfo gatewayInfo,
            boolean speakerphoneOn, int videoState) {
        if (call == null) {
            // don't do anything if the call no longer exists
            Log.i(this, "Canceling unknown call.");
            return;
        }

        final Uri uriHandle = (gatewayInfo == null) ? handle : gatewayInfo.getGatewayAddress();

        if (gatewayInfo == null) {
            Log.i(this, "Creating a new outgoing call with handle: %s", Log.piiHandle(uriHandle));
        } else {
            Log.i(this, "Creating a new outgoing call with gateway handle: %s, original handle: %s",
                    Log.pii(uriHandle), Log.pii(handle));
        }

        call.setHandle(uriHandle);
        call.setGatewayInfo(gatewayInfo);

        final boolean useSpeakerWhenDocked = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                R.bool.use_speaker_when_docked);
        final boolean useSpeakerForDock = isSpeakerphoneEnabledForDock();
        final boolean useSpeakerForVideoCall = isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(videoState);

        // Auto-enable speakerphone if the originating intent specified to do so, if the call
        // is a video call, of if using speaker when docked
        call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(speakerphoneOn || useSpeakerForVideoCall
                || (useSpeakerWhenDocked && useSpeakerForDock));
        call.setVideoState(videoState);

        if (speakerphoneOn) {
            Log.i(this, "%s Starting with speakerphone as requested", call);
        } else if (useSpeakerWhenDocked && useSpeakerForDock) {
            Log.i(this, "%s Starting with speakerphone because car is docked.", call);
        } else if (useSpeakerForVideoCall) {
            Log.i(this, "%s Starting with speakerphone because its a video call.", call);
        }

        if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
            new AsyncEmergencyContactNotifier(mContext).execute();
        }

        final boolean requireCallCapableAccountByHandle = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_requireCallCapableAccountForHandle);
        final boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted = isOutgoingCallPermitted(call,
                call.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        if (call.getTargetPhoneAccount() != null || call.isEmergencyCall()) {
            // If the account has been set, proceed to place the outgoing call.
            // Otherwise the connection will be initiated when the account is set by the user.
            if (call.isSelfManaged() && !isOutgoingCallPermitted) {
                notifyCreateConnectionFailed(call.getTargetPhoneAccount(), call);
            } else if (!call.isSelfManaged() && hasSelfManagedCalls() && !call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                markCallDisconnectedDueToSelfManagedCall(call);
            } else {
                if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                    // Disconnect all self-managed calls to make priority for emergency call.
                    disconnectSelfManagedCalls();
                }

                call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
            }
        } else if (mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getCallCapablePhoneAccounts(
                requireCallCapableAccountByHandle ? call.getHandle().getScheme() : null, false,
                call.getInitiatingUser()).isEmpty()) {
            // If there are no call capable accounts, disconnect the call.
            markCallAsDisconnected(call, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.CANCELED,
                    "No registered PhoneAccounts"));
            markCallAsRemoved(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to start a conference call for the specified call.
     *
     * @param call The call to conference.
     * @param otherCall The other call to conference with.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void conference(Call call, Call otherCall) {
        call.conferenceWith(otherCall);
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to answer the specified call. Intended to be invoked by the in-call
     * app through {@link InCallAdapter} after Telecom notifies it of an incoming call followed by
     * the user opting to answer said call.
     *
     * @param call The call to answer.
     * @param videoState The video state in which to answer the call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void answerCall(Call call, int videoState) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to answer a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            Call foregroundCall = getForegroundCall();
            // If the foreground call is not the ringing call and it is currently isActive() or
            // STATE_DIALING, put it on hold before answering the call.
            if (foregroundCall != null && foregroundCall != call &&
                    (foregroundCall.isActive() ||
                     foregroundCall.getState() == CallState.DIALING ||
                     foregroundCall.getState() == CallState.PULLING)) {
                if (!foregroundCall.getTargetPhoneAccount().equals(
                                call.getTargetPhoneAccount()) &&
                        ((call.isSelfManaged() != foregroundCall.isSelfManaged()) ||
                         call.isSelfManaged())) {
                    // The foreground call is from another connection service, and either:
                    // 1. FG call's managed state doesn't match that of the incoming call.
                    //    E.g. Incoming is self-managed and FG is managed, or incoming is managed
                    //    and foreground is self-managed.
                    // 2. The incoming call is self-managed.
                    //    E.g. The incoming call is
                    Log.i(this, "Answering call from %s CS; disconnecting calls from %s CS.",
                            foregroundCall.isSelfManaged() ? "selfMg" : "mg",
                            call.isSelfManaged() ? "selfMg" : "mg");
                    disconnectOtherCalls(call.getTargetPhoneAccount());
                } else if (0 == (foregroundCall.getConnectionCapabilities()
                        & Connection.CAPABILITY_HOLD)) {
                    // This call does not support hold.  If it is from a different connection
                    // service, then disconnect it, otherwise allow the connection service to
                    // figure out the right states.
                    if (foregroundCall.getConnectionService() != call.getConnectionService()) {
                        foregroundCall.disconnect();
                    }
                } else {
                    Call heldCall = getHeldCall();
                    if (heldCall != null) {
                        Log.i(this, "Disconnecting held call %s before holding active call.",
                                heldCall);
                        heldCall.disconnect();
                    }

                    foregroundCall.hold();
                }
                // TODO: Wait until we get confirmation of the active call being
                // on-hold before answering the new call.
                // TODO: Import logic from CallManager.acceptCall()
            }

            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                listener.onIncomingCallAnswered(call);
            }

            // We do not update the UI until we get confirmation of the answer() through
            // {@link #markCallAsActive}.
            call.answer(videoState);
            if (isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(videoState)) {
                call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(true);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the speakerphone should be automatically enabled for the call.  Speakerphone
     * should be enabled if the call is a video call and bluetooth or the wired headset are not in
     * use.
     *
     * @param videoState The video state of the call.
     * @return {@code true} if the speakerphone should be enabled.
     */
    public boolean isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(int videoState) {
        return VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState) &&
            !mWiredHeadsetManager.isPluggedIn() &&
            !mBluetoothRouteManager.isBluetoothAvailable() &&
            isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the speakerphone should be enabled for when docked.  Speakerphone
     * should be enabled if the device is docked and bluetooth or the wired headset are
     * not in use.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the speakerphone should be enabled for the dock.
     */
    private boolean isSpeakerphoneEnabledForDock() {
        return mDockManager.isDocked() &&
            !mWiredHeadsetManager.isPluggedIn() &&
            !mBluetoothRouteManager.isBluetoothAvailable();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the speakerphone should be automatically enabled for video calls.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the speakerphone should automatically be enabled.
     */
    private static boolean isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls() {
        return (SystemProperties.getInt(TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_VIDEOCALL_AUDIO_OUTPUT,
                PhoneConstants.AUDIO_OUTPUT_DEFAULT) ==
                PhoneConstants.AUDIO_OUTPUT_ENABLE_SPEAKER);
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to reject the specified call. Intended to be invoked by the in-call
     * app through {@link InCallAdapter} after Telecom notifies it of an incoming call followed by
     * the user opting to reject said call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void rejectCall(Call call, boolean rejectWithMessage, String textMessage) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to reject a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                listener.onIncomingCallRejected(call, rejectWithMessage, textMessage);
            }
            call.reject(rejectWithMessage, textMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to play the specified DTMF tone within the specified call.
     *
     * @param digit The DTMF digit to play.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void playDtmfTone(Call call, char digit) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to play DTMF in a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.playDtmfTone(digit);
            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.playTone(call, digit);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to stop the currently playing DTMF tone, if any.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void stopDtmfTone(Call call) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to stop DTMF in a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.stopDtmfTone();
            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.stopTone(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to continue (or not) the current post-dial DTMF string, if any.
     */
    void postDialContinue(Call call, boolean proceed) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to continue post-dial string in a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.postDialContinue(proceed);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to disconnect the specified call. Intended to be invoked by the
     * in-call app through {@link InCallAdapter} for an ongoing call. This is usually triggered by
     * the user hitting the end-call button.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void disconnectCall(Call call) {
        Log.v(this, "disconnectCall %s", call);

        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.w(this, "Unknown call (%s) asked to disconnect", call);
        } else {
            mLocallyDisconnectingCalls.add(call);
            call.disconnect();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to disconnect all calls.
     */
    void disconnectAllCalls() {
        Log.v(this, "disconnectAllCalls");

        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            disconnectCall(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects calls for any other {@link PhoneAccountHandle} but the one specified.
     * Note: As a protective measure, will NEVER disconnect an emergency call.  Although that
     * situation should never arise, its a good safeguard.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle Calls owned by {@link PhoneAccountHandle}s other than this one will
     *                          be disconnected.
     */
    private void disconnectOtherCalls(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        mCalls.stream()
                .filter(c -> !c.isEmergencyCall() &&
                        !c.getTargetPhoneAccount().equals(phoneAccountHandle))
                .forEach(c -> disconnectCall(c));
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to put the specified call on hold. Intended to be invoked by the
     * in-call app through {@link InCallAdapter} for an ongoing call. This is usually triggered by
     * the user hitting the hold button during an active call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void holdCall(Call call) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.w(this, "Unknown call (%s) asked to be put on hold", call);
        } else {
            Log.d(this, "Putting call on hold: (%s)", call);
            call.hold();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to release the specified call from hold. Intended to be invoked by
     * the in-call app through {@link InCallAdapter} for an ongoing call. This is usually triggered
     * by the user hitting the hold button during a held call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void unholdCall(Call call) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.w(this, "Unknown call (%s) asked to be removed from hold", call);
        } else {
            boolean otherCallHeld = false;
            Log.d(this, "unholding call: (%s)", call);
            for (Call c : mCalls) {
                // Only attempt to hold parent calls and not the individual children.
                if (c != null && c.isAlive() && c != call && c.getParentCall() == null) {
                    otherCallHeld = true;
                    Log.addEvent(c, LogUtils.Events.SWAP);
                    c.hold();
                }
            }
            if (otherCallHeld) {
                Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.SWAP);
            }
            call.unhold();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onExtrasChanged(Call c, int source, Bundle extras) {
        if (source != Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE) {
            return;
        }
        handleCallTechnologyChange(c);
        handleChildAddressChange(c);
        updateCanAddCall();
    }

    // Construct the list of possible PhoneAccounts that the outgoing call can use based on the
    // active calls in CallsManager. If any of the active calls are on a SIM based PhoneAccount,
    // then include only that SIM based PhoneAccount and any non-SIM PhoneAccounts, such as SIP.
    @VisibleForTesting
    public List<PhoneAccountHandle> constructPossiblePhoneAccounts(Uri handle, UserHandle user,
            boolean isVideo) {
        if (handle == null) {
            return Collections.emptyList();
        }
        // If we're specifically looking for video capable accounts, then include that capability,
        // otherwise specify no additional capability constraints.
        List<PhoneAccountHandle> allAccounts =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getCallCapablePhoneAccounts(handle.getScheme(), false, user,
                        isVideo ? PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING : 0 /* any */);
        // First check the Radio SIM Technology
        if(mRadioSimVariants == null) {
            TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) mContext.getSystemService(
                    Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
            // Cache Sim Variants
            mRadioSimVariants = tm.getMultiSimConfiguration();
        }
        // Only one SIM PhoneAccount can be active at one time for DSDS. Only that SIM PhoneAccount
        // Should be available if a call is already active on the SIM account.
        if(mRadioSimVariants != TelephonyManager.MultiSimVariants.DSDA) {
            List<PhoneAccountHandle> simAccounts =
                    mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getSimPhoneAccountsOfCurrentUser();
            PhoneAccountHandle ongoingCallAccount = null;
            for (Call c : mCalls) {
                if (!c.isDisconnected() && !c.isNew() && simAccounts.contains(
                        c.getTargetPhoneAccount())) {
                    ongoingCallAccount = c.getTargetPhoneAccount();
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (ongoingCallAccount != null) {
                // Remove all SIM accounts that are not the active SIM from the list.
                simAccounts.remove(ongoingCallAccount);
                allAccounts.removeAll(simAccounts);
            }
        }
        return allAccounts;
    }

    /**
     * Informs listeners (notably {@link CallAudioManager} of a change to the call's external
     * property.
     * .
     * @param call The call whose external property changed.
     * @param isExternalCall {@code True} if the call is now external, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    @Override
    public void onExternalCallChanged(Call call, boolean isExternalCall) {
        Log.v(this, "onConnectionPropertiesChanged: %b", isExternalCall);
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onExternalCallChanged(call, isExternalCall);
        }
    }

    private void handleCallTechnologyChange(Call call) {
        if (call.getExtras() != null
                && call.getExtras().containsKey(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TECHNOLOGY_TYPE)) {

            Integer analyticsCallTechnology = sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.get(
                    call.getExtras().getInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TECHNOLOGY_TYPE));
            if (analyticsCallTechnology == null) {
                analyticsCallTechnology = Analytics.THIRD_PARTY_PHONE;
            }
            call.getAnalytics().addCallTechnology(analyticsCallTechnology);
        }
    }

    public void handleChildAddressChange(Call call) {
        if (call.getExtras() != null
                && call.getExtras().containsKey(Connection.EXTRA_CHILD_ADDRESS)) {

            String viaNumber = call.getExtras().getString(Connection.EXTRA_CHILD_ADDRESS);
            call.setViaNumber(viaNumber);
        }
    }

    /** Called by the in-call UI to change the mute state. */
    void mute(boolean shouldMute) {
        mCallAudioManager.mute(shouldMute);
    }

    /**
      * Called by the in-call UI to change the audio route, for example to change from earpiece to
      * speaker phone.
      */
    void setAudioRoute(int route, String bluetoothAddress) {
        mCallAudioManager.setAudioRoute(route, bluetoothAddress);
    }

    /** Called by the in-call UI to turn the proximity sensor on. */
    void turnOnProximitySensor() {
        mProximitySensorManager.turnOn();
    }

    /**
     * Called by the in-call UI to turn the proximity sensor off.
     * @param screenOnImmediately If true, the screen will be turned on immediately. Otherwise,
     *        the screen will be kept off until the proximity sensor goes negative.
     */
    void turnOffProximitySensor(boolean screenOnImmediately) {
        mProximitySensorManager.turnOff(screenOnImmediately);
    }

    void phoneAccountSelected(Call call, PhoneAccountHandle account, boolean setDefault) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Attempted to add account to unknown call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.setTargetPhoneAccount(account);
            PhoneAccount realPhoneAccount =
                    mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(account);
            if (realPhoneAccount != null && realPhoneAccount.getExtras() != null
                    && realPhoneAccount.getExtras()
                    .getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
                Log.d("phoneAccountSelected: default to voip mode for call %s", call.getId());
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            }
            if (call.getIntentExtras()
                    .getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_RTT, false)) {
                if (realPhoneAccount != null
                        && realPhoneAccount.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_RTT)) {
                    call.setRttStreams(true);
                }
            }

            if (!call.isNewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcastDone()) {
                return;
            }

            // Note: emergency calls never go through account selection dialog so they never
            // arrive here.
            if (makeRoomForOutgoingCall(call, false /* isEmergencyCall */)) {
                call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
            } else {
                call.disconnect();
            }

            if (setDefault) {
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar
                        .setUserSelectedOutgoingPhoneAccount(account, call.getInitiatingUser());
            }
        }
    }

    /** Called when the audio state changes. */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void onCallAudioStateChanged(CallAudioState oldAudioState, CallAudioState
            newAudioState) {
        Log.v(this, "onAudioStateChanged, audioState: %s -> %s", oldAudioState, newAudioState);
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onCallAudioStateChanged(oldAudioState, newAudioState);
        }
    }

    void markCallAsRinging(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.RINGING, "ringing set explicitly");
    }

    void markCallAsDialing(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.DIALING, "dialing set explicitly");
        maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(call);
    }

    void markCallAsPulling(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.PULLING, "pulling set explicitly");
        maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(call);
    }

    void markCallAsActive(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.ACTIVE, "active set explicitly");
        maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(call);
    }

    void markCallAsOnHold(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.ON_HOLD, "on-hold set explicitly");
    }

    /**
     * Marks the specified call as STATE_DISCONNECTED and notifies the in-call app. If this was the
     * last live call, then also disconnect from the in-call controller.
     *
     * @param disconnectCause The disconnect cause, see {@link android.telecom.DisconnectCause}.
     */
    void markCallAsDisconnected(Call call, DisconnectCause disconnectCause) {
        call.setDisconnectCause(disconnectCause);
        setCallState(call, CallState.DISCONNECTED, "disconnected set explicitly");
    }

    /**
     * Removes an existing disconnected call, and notifies the in-call app.
     */
    void markCallAsRemoved(Call call) {
        call.maybeCleanupHandover();
        removeCall(call);
        Call foregroundCall = mCallAudioManager.getPossiblyHeldForegroundCall();
        if (mLocallyDisconnectingCalls.contains(call)) {
            boolean isDisconnectingChildCall = call.isDisconnectingChildCall();
            Log.v(this, "markCallAsRemoved: isDisconnectingChildCall = "
                + isDisconnectingChildCall + "call -> %s", call);
            mLocallyDisconnectingCalls.remove(call);
            // Auto-unhold the foreground call due to a locally disconnected call, except if the
            // call which was disconnected is a member of a conference (don't want to auto un-hold
            // the conference if we remove a member of the conference).
            if (!isDisconnectingChildCall && foregroundCall != null
                    && foregroundCall.getState() == CallState.ON_HOLD) {
                foregroundCall.unhold();
            }
        } else if (foregroundCall != null &&
                !foregroundCall.can(Connection.CAPABILITY_SUPPORT_HOLD)  &&
                foregroundCall.getState() == CallState.ON_HOLD) {

            // The new foreground call is on hold, however the carrier does not display the hold
            // button in the UI.  Therefore, we need to auto unhold the held call since the user has
            // no means of unholding it themselves.
            Log.i(this, "Auto-unholding held foreground call (call doesn't support hold)");
            foregroundCall.unhold();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Given a call, marks the call as disconnected and removes it.  Set the error message to
     * indicate to the user that the call cannot me placed due to an ongoing call in another app.
     *
     * Used when there are ongoing self-managed calls and the user tries to make an outgoing managed
     * call.  Called by {@link #startCallConfirmation(Call)} when the user is already confirming an
     * outgoing call.  Realistically this should almost never be called since in practice the user
     * won't make multiple outgoing calls at the same time.
     *
     * @param call The call to mark as disconnected.
     */
    void markCallDisconnectedDueToSelfManagedCall(Call call) {
        Call activeCall = getActiveCall();
        CharSequence errorMessage;
        if (activeCall == null) {
            // Realistically this shouldn't happen, but best to handle gracefully
            errorMessage = mContext.getText(R.string.cant_call_due_to_ongoing_unknown_call);
        } else {
            errorMessage = mContext.getString(R.string.cant_call_due_to_ongoing_call,
                    activeCall.getTargetPhoneAccountLabel());
        }
        // Call is managed and there are ongoing self-managed calls.
        markCallAsDisconnected(call, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.ERROR,
                errorMessage, errorMessage, "Ongoing call in another app."));
        markCallAsRemoved(call);
    }

    /**
     * Cleans up any calls currently associated with the specified connection service when the
     * service binder disconnects unexpectedly.
     *
     * @param service The connection service that disconnected.
     */
    void handleConnectionServiceDeath(ConnectionServiceWrapper service) {
        if (service != null) {
            Log.i(this, "handleConnectionServiceDeath: service %s died", service);
            for (Call call : mCalls) {
                if (call.getConnectionService() == service) {
                    if (call.getState() != CallState.DISCONNECTED) {
                        markCallAsDisconnected(call, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.ERROR,
                                "CS_DEATH"));
                    }
                    markCallAsRemoved(call);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the {@link CallsManager} has any non-external calls.
     *
     * @return {@code True} if there are any non-external calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    boolean hasAnyCalls() {
        if (mCalls.isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }

        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (!call.isExternalCall()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    boolean hasActiveOrHoldingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.ACTIVE, CallState.ON_HOLD) != null;
    }

    boolean hasRingingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING) != null;
    }

    boolean onMediaButton(int type) {
        if (hasAnyCalls()) {
            Call ringingCall = getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING);
            if (HeadsetMediaButton.SHORT_PRESS == type) {
                if (ringingCall == null) {
                    Call callToHangup = getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING, CallState.DIALING,
                            CallState.PULLING, CallState.ACTIVE, CallState.ON_HOLD);
                    Log.addEvent(callToHangup, LogUtils.Events.INFO,
                            "media btn short press - end call.");
                    if (callToHangup != null) {
                        disconnectCall(callToHangup);
                        return true;
                    }
                } else {
                    ringingCall.answer(VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY);
                    return true;
                }
            } else if (HeadsetMediaButton.LONG_PRESS == type) {
                if (ringingCall != null) {
                    Log.addEvent(getForegroundCall(),
                            LogUtils.Events.INFO, "media btn long press - reject");
                    ringingCall.reject(false, null);
                } else {
                    Log.addEvent(getForegroundCall(), LogUtils.Events.INFO,
                            "media btn long press - mute");
                    mCallAudioManager.toggleMute();
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if telecom supports adding another top-level call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean canAddCall() {
        boolean isDeviceProvisioned = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Global.DEVICE_PROVISIONED, 0) != 0;
        if (!isDeviceProvisioned) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Device not provisioned, canAddCall is false.");
            return false;
        }

        if (getFirstCallWithState(OUTGOING_CALL_STATES) != null) {
            return false;
        }

        int count = 0;
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                // We never support add call if one of the calls is an emergency call.
                return false;
            } else if (call.isExternalCall()) {
                // External calls don't count.
                continue;
            } else if (call.getParentCall() == null) {
                count++;
            }
            Bundle extras = call.getExtras();
            if (extras != null) {
                if (extras.getBoolean(Connection.EXTRA_DISABLE_ADD_CALL, false)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // We do not check states for canAddCall. We treat disconnected calls the same
            // and wait until they are removed instead. If we didn't count disconnected calls,
            // we could put InCallServices into a state where they are showing two calls but
            // also support add-call. Technically it's right, but overall looks better (UI-wise)
            // and acts better if we wait until the call is removed.
            if (count >= MAXIMUM_TOP_LEVEL_CALLS) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getRingingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING);
    }

    public Call getActiveCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.ACTIVE);
    }

    Call getDialingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.DIALING);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getHeldCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.ON_HOLD);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public int getNumHeldCalls() {
        int count = 0;
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (call.getParentCall() == null && call.getState() == CallState.ON_HOLD) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getOutgoingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getFirstCallWithState(int... states) {
        return getFirstCallWithState(null, states);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter getPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter() {
        return mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first call that it finds with the given states. The states are treated as having
     * priority order so that any call with the first state will be returned before any call with
     * states listed later in the parameter list.
     *
     * @param callToSkip Call that this method should skip while searching
     */
    Call getFirstCallWithState(Call callToSkip, int... states) {
        for (int currentState : states) {
            // check the foreground first
            Call foregroundCall = getForegroundCall();
            if (foregroundCall != null && foregroundCall.getState() == currentState) {
                return foregroundCall;
            }

            for (Call call : mCalls) {
                if (Objects.equals(callToSkip, call)) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Only operate on top-level calls
                if (call.getParentCall() != null) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (call.isExternalCall()) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (currentState == call.getState()) {
                    return call;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    Call createConferenceCall(
            String callId,
            PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccount,
            ParcelableConference parcelableConference) {

        // If the parceled conference specifies a connect time, use it; otherwise default to 0,
        // which is the default value for new Calls.
        long connectTime =
                parcelableConference.getConnectTimeMillis() ==
                        Conference.CONNECT_TIME_NOT_SPECIFIED ? 0 :
                        parcelableConference.getConnectTimeMillis();
        long connectElapsedTime =
                parcelableConference.getConnectElapsedTimeMillis() ==
                        Conference.CONNECT_TIME_NOT_SPECIFIED ? 0 :
                        parcelableConference.getConnectElapsedTimeMillis();

        Call call = new Call(
                callId,
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                null /* handle */,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                phoneAccount,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_UNDEFINED /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                true /* isConference */,
                connectTime,
                connectElapsedTime,
                mClockProxy);

        setCallState(call, Call.getStateFromConnectionState(parcelableConference.getState()),
                "new conference call");
        call.setConnectionCapabilities(parcelableConference.getConnectionCapabilities());
        call.setConnectionProperties(parcelableConference.getConnectionProperties());
        call.setVideoState(parcelableConference.getVideoState());
        call.setVideoProvider(parcelableConference.getVideoProvider());
        call.setStatusHints(parcelableConference.getStatusHints());
        call.putExtras(Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE, parcelableConference.getExtras());
        // In case this Conference was added via a ConnectionManager, keep track of the original
        // Connection ID as created by the originating ConnectionService.
        Bundle extras = parcelableConference.getExtras();
        if (extras != null && extras.containsKey(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID)) {
            call.setOriginalConnectionId(extras.getString(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID));
        }

        // TODO: Move this to be a part of addCall()
        call.addListener(this);
        addCall(call);
        return call;
    }

    /**
     * @return the call state currently tracked by {@link PhoneStateBroadcaster}
     */
    int getCallState() {
        return mPhoneStateBroadcaster.getCallState();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link PhoneAccountRegistrar}.
     *
     * @return The {@link PhoneAccountRegistrar}.
     */
    PhoneAccountRegistrar getPhoneAccountRegistrar() {
        return mPhoneAccountRegistrar;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link MissedCallNotifier}
     * @return The {@link MissedCallNotifier}.
     */
    MissedCallNotifier getMissedCallNotifier() {
        return mMissedCallNotifier;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link IncomingCallNotifier}.
     * @return The {@link IncomingCallNotifier}.
     */
    IncomingCallNotifier getIncomingCallNotifier() {
        return mIncomingCallNotifier;
    }

    /**
     * Reject an incoming call and manually add it to the Call Log.
     * @param incomingCall Incoming call that has been rejected
     */
    private void rejectCallAndLog(Call incomingCall) {
        if (incomingCall.getConnectionService() != null) {
            // Only reject the call if it has not already been destroyed.  If a call ends while
            // incoming call filtering is taking place, it is possible that the call has already
            // been destroyed, and as such it will be impossible to send the reject to the
            // associated ConnectionService.
            incomingCall.reject(false, null);
        } else {
            Log.i(this, "rejectCallAndLog - call already destroyed.");
        }

        // Since the call was not added to the list of calls, we have to call the missed
        // call notifier and the call logger manually.
        // Do we need missed call notification for direct to Voicemail calls?
        mCallLogManager.logCall(incomingCall, Calls.MISSED_TYPE,
                true /*showNotificationForMissedCall*/);
    }

    /**
     * Adds the specified call to the main list of live calls.
     *
     * @param call The call to add.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void addCall(Call call) {
        Trace.beginSection("addCall");
        Log.v(this, "addCall(%s)", call);
        call.addListener(this);
        mCalls.add(call);

        // Specifies the time telecom finished routing the call. This is used by the dialer for
        // analytics.
        Bundle extras = call.getIntentExtras();
        extras.putLong(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TELECOM_ROUTING_END_TIME_MILLIS,
                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());

        updateCanAddCall();
        // onCallAdded for calls which immediately take the foreground (like the first call).
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " addCall");
            }
            listener.onCallAdded(call);
            if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                Trace.endSection();
            }
        }
        Trace.endSection();
    }

    private void removeCall(Call call) {
        Trace.beginSection("removeCall");
        Log.v(this, "removeCall(%s)", call);

        call.setParentAndChildCall(null);  // clean up parent relationship before destroying.
        call.removeListener(this);
        call.clearConnectionService();
        // TODO: clean up RTT pipes

        boolean shouldNotify = false;
        if (mCalls.contains(call)) {
            mCalls.remove(call);
            shouldNotify = true;
        }

        call.destroy();

        // Only broadcast changes for calls that are being tracked.
        if (shouldNotify) {
            updateCanAddCall();
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " onCallRemoved");
                }
                listener.onCallRemoved(call);
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.endSection();
                }
            }
        }
        Trace.endSection();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the specified state on the specified call.
     *
     * @param call The call.
     * @param newState The new state of the call.
     */
    private void setCallState(Call call, int newState, String tag) {
        if (call == null) {
            return;
        }
        int oldState = call.getState();
        Log.i(this, "setCallState %s -> %s, call: %s", CallState.toString(oldState),
                CallState.toString(newState), call);
        if (newState != oldState) {
            // Unfortunately, in the telephony world the radio is king. So if the call notifies
            // us that the call is in a particular state, we allow it even if it doesn't make
            // sense (e.g., STATE_ACTIVE -> STATE_RINGING).
            // TODO: Consider putting a stop to the above and turning CallState
            // into a well-defined state machine.
            // TODO: Define expected state transitions here, and log when an
            // unexpected transition occurs.
            call.setState(newState, tag);
            maybeShowErrorDialogOnDisconnect(call);

            Trace.beginSection("onCallStateChanged");

            maybeHandleHandover(call, newState);

            // Only broadcast state change for calls that are being tracked.
            if (mCalls.contains(call)) {
                updateCanAddCall();
                for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                    if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                        Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " onCallStateChanged");
                    }
                    listener.onCallStateChanged(call, oldState, newState);
                    if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                        Trace.endSection();
                    }
                }
            }
            Trace.endSection();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Identifies call state transitions for a call which trigger handover events.
     * - If this call has a handover to it which just started and this call goes active, treat
     * this as if the user accepted the handover.
     * - If this call has a handover to it which just started and this call is disconnected, treat
     * this as if the user rejected the handover.
     * - If this call has a handover from it which just started and this call is disconnected, do
     * nothing as the call prematurely disconnected before the user accepted the handover.
     * - If this call has a handover from it which was already accepted by the user and this call is
     * disconnected, mark the handover as complete.
     *
     * @param call A call whose state is changing.
     * @param newState The new state of the call.
     */
    private void maybeHandleHandover(Call call, int newState) {
        if (call.getHandoverSourceCall() != null) {
            // We are handing over another call to this one.
            if (call.getHandoverState() == HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED) {
                // A handover to this call has just been initiated.
                if (newState == CallState.ACTIVE) {
                    // This call went active, so the user has accepted the handover.
                    Log.i(this, "setCallState: handover to accepted");
                    acceptHandoverTo(call);
                } else if (newState == CallState.DISCONNECTED) {
                    // The call was disconnected, so the user has rejected the handover.
                    Log.i(this, "setCallState: handover to rejected");
                    rejectHandoverTo(call);
                }
            }
        // If this call was disconnected because it was handed over TO another call, report the
        // handover as complete.
        } else if (call.getHandoverDestinationCall() != null
                && newState == CallState.DISCONNECTED) {
            int handoverState = call.getHandoverState();
            if (handoverState == HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED) {
                // Disconnect before handover was accepted.
                Log.i(this, "setCallState: disconnect before handover accepted");
                // Let the handover destination know that the source has disconnected prior to
                // completion of the handover.
                call.getHandoverDestinationCall().sendCallEvent(
                        android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_SOURCE_DISCONNECTED, null);
            } else if (handoverState == HandoverState.HANDOVER_ACCEPTED) {
                Log.i(this, "setCallState: handover from complete");
                completeHandoverFrom(call);
            }
        }
    }

    private void completeHandoverFrom(Call call) {
        Call handoverTo = call.getHandoverDestinationCall();
        Log.addEvent(handoverTo, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_COMPLETE, "from=%s, to=%s",
                call.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_COMPLETE, "from=%s, to=%s",
                call.getId(), handoverTo.getId());

        // Inform the "from" Call (ie the source call) that the handover from it has
        // completed; this allows the InCallService to be notified that a handover it
        // initiated completed.
        call.onConnectionEvent(Connection.EVENT_HANDOVER_COMPLETE, null);
        // Inform the "to" ConnectionService that handover to it has completed.
        handoverTo.sendCallEvent(android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_COMPLETE, null);
        answerCall(handoverTo, handoverTo.getVideoState());
        call.markFinishedHandoverStateAndCleanup(HandoverState.HANDOVER_COMPLETE);

        // If the call we handed over to is self-managed, we need to disconnect the calls for other
        // ConnectionServices.
        if (handoverTo.isSelfManaged()) {
            disconnectOtherCalls(handoverTo.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        }
    }

    private void rejectHandoverTo(Call handoverTo) {
        Call handoverFrom = handoverTo.getHandoverSourceCall();
        Log.i(this, "rejectHandoverTo: from=%s, to=%s", handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        Log.addEvent(handoverFrom, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_FAILED, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverTo.getId(), handoverFrom.getId());
        Log.addEvent(handoverTo, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_FAILED, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverTo.getId(), handoverFrom.getId());

        // Inform the "from" Call (ie the source call) that the handover from it has
        // failed; this allows the InCallService to be notified that a handover it
        // initiated failed.
        handoverFrom.onConnectionEvent(Connection.EVENT_HANDOVER_FAILED, null);
        // Inform the "to" ConnectionService that handover to it has failed.  This
        // allows the ConnectionService the call was being handed over
        if (handoverTo.getConnectionService() != null) {
            // Only attempt if the call has a bound ConnectionService if handover failed
            // early on in the handover process, the CS will be unbound and we won't be
            // able to send the call event.
            handoverTo.sendCallEvent(android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_FAILED, null);
        }
        handoverTo.markFinishedHandoverStateAndCleanup(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FAILED);
    }

    private void acceptHandoverTo(Call handoverTo) {
        Call handoverFrom = handoverTo.getHandoverSourceCall();
        Log.i(this, "acceptHandoverTo: from=%s, to=%s", handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        handoverTo.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_ACCEPTED);
        handoverFrom.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_ACCEPTED);

        Log.addEvent(handoverTo, LogUtils.Events.ACCEPT_HANDOVER, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        Log.addEvent(handoverFrom, LogUtils.Events.ACCEPT_HANDOVER, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());

        // Disconnect the call we handed over from.
        disconnectCall(handoverFrom);
        // If we handed over to a self-managed ConnectionService, we need to disconnect calls for
        // other ConnectionServices.
        if (handoverTo.isSelfManaged()) {
            disconnectOtherCalls(handoverTo.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        }
    }

    private void updateCanAddCall() {
        boolean newCanAddCall = canAddCall();
        if (newCanAddCall != mCanAddCall) {
            mCanAddCall = newCanAddCall;
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " updateCanAddCall");
                }
                listener.onCanAddCallChanged(mCanAddCall);
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.endSection();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean isPotentialMMICode(Uri handle) {
        return (handle != null && handle.getSchemeSpecificPart() != null
                && handle.getSchemeSpecificPart().contains("#"));
    }

    /**
     * Determines if a dialed number is potentially an In-Call MMI code.  In-Call MMI codes are
     * MMI codes which can be dialed when one or more calls are in progress.
     * <P>
     * Checks for numbers formatted similar to the MMI codes defined in:
     * {@link com.android.internal.telephony.Phone#handleInCallMmiCommands(String)}
     *
     * @param handle The URI to call.
     * @return {@code True} if the URI represents a number which could be an in-call MMI code.
     */
    private boolean isPotentialInCallMMICode(Uri handle) {
        if (handle != null && handle.getSchemeSpecificPart() != null &&
                handle.getScheme() != null &&
                handle.getScheme().equals(PhoneAccount.SCHEME_TEL)) {

            String dialedNumber = handle.getSchemeSpecificPart();
            return (dialedNumber.equals("0") ||
                    (dialedNumber.startsWith("1") && dialedNumber.length() <= 2) ||
                    (dialedNumber.startsWith("2") && dialedNumber.length() <= 2) ||
                    dialedNumber.equals("3") ||
                    dialedNumber.equals("4") ||
                    dialedNumber.equals("5"));
        }
        return false;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public int getNumCallsWithState(final boolean isSelfManaged, Call excludeCall,
                                    PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, int... states) {
        return getNumCallsWithState(isSelfManaged ? CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED : CALL_FILTER_MANAGED,
                excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle, states);
    }

    /**
     * Determines the number of calls matching the specified criteria.
     * @param callFilter indicates whether to include just managed calls
     *                   ({@link #CALL_FILTER_MANAGED}), self-managed calls
     *                   ({@link #CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED}), or all calls
     *                   ({@link #CALL_FILTER_ALL}).
     * @param excludeCall Where {@code non-null}, this call is excluded from the count.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle Where {@code non-null}, calls for this {@link PhoneAccountHandle}
     *                           are excluded from the count.
     * @param states The list of {@link CallState}s to include in the count.
     * @return Count of calls matching criteria.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public int getNumCallsWithState(final int callFilter, Call excludeCall,
                                    PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, int... states) {

        Set<Integer> desiredStates = IntStream.of(states).boxed().collect(Collectors.toSet());

        Stream<Call> callsStream = mCalls.stream()
                .filter(call -> desiredStates.contains(call.getState()) &&
                        call.getParentCall() == null && !call.isExternalCall());

        if (callFilter == CALL_FILTER_MANAGED) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(call -> !call.isSelfManaged());
        } else if (callFilter == CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(call -> call.isSelfManaged());
        }

        // If a call to exclude was specified, filter it out.
        if (excludeCall != null) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(call -> call != excludeCall);
        }

        // If a phone account handle was specified, only consider calls for that phone account.
        if (phoneAccountHandle != null) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(
                    call -> phoneAccountHandle.equals(call.getTargetPhoneAccount()));
        }

        return (int) callsStream.count();
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedLiveCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_LIVE_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */,
                exceptCall, null /* phoneAccountHandle */, LIVE_CALL_STATES);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumSelfManagedCalls(Call exceptCall,
                                                   PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return MAXIMUM_SELF_MANAGED_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(true /* isSelfManaged */,
                exceptCall, phoneAccountHandle, ANY_CALL_STATE);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_HOLD_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, CallState.ON_HOLD);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedRingingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_RINGING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, CallState.RINGING);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumSelfManagedRingingCalls(Call exceptCall,
                                                      PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return MAXIMUM_RINGING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(true /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                phoneAccountHandle, CallState.RINGING);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedOutgoingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_OUTGOING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedDialingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_DIALING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, CallState.DIALING, CallState.PULLING);
    }

    /**
     * Given a {@link PhoneAccountHandle} determines if there are calls owned by any other
     * {@link PhoneAccountHandle}.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to check.
     * @return {@code true} if there are other calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return getNumCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines the number of calls present for PhoneAccounts other than the one specified.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The handle of the PhoneAccount.
     * @return Number of calls owned by other PhoneAccounts.
     */
    public int getNumCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return (int) mCalls.stream().filter(call ->
                !phoneAccountHandle.equals(call.getTargetPhoneAccount()) &&
                        call.getParentCall() == null &&
                        !call.isExternalCall()).count();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any managed calls.
     * @return {@code true} if there are managed calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasManagedCalls() {
        return mCalls.stream().filter(call -> !call.isSelfManaged() &&
                !call.isExternalCall()).count() > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any self-managed calls.
     * @return {@code true} if there are self-managed calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasSelfManagedCalls() {
        return mCalls.stream().filter(call -> call.isSelfManaged()).count() > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any ongoing managed or self-managed calls.
     * Note: The {@link #ONGOING_CALL_STATES} are
     * @return {@code true} if there are ongoing managed or self-managed calls, {@code false}
     *      otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasOngoingCalls() {
        return getNumCallsWithState(
                CALL_FILTER_ALL, null /* excludeCall */,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */,
                ONGOING_CALL_STATES) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any ongoing managed calls.
     * @return {@code true} if there are ongoing managed calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasOngoingManagedCalls() {
        return getNumCallsWithState(
                CALL_FILTER_MANAGED, null /* excludeCall */,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */,
                ONGOING_CALL_STATES) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the system incoming call UI should be shown.
     * The system incoming call UI will be shown if the new incoming call is self-managed, and there
     * are ongoing calls for another PhoneAccount.
     * @param incomingCall The incoming call.
     * @return {@code true} if the system incoming call UI should be shown, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean shouldShowSystemIncomingCallUi(Call incomingCall) {
        return incomingCall.isIncoming() && incomingCall.isSelfManaged() &&
                hasCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(incomingCall.getTargetPhoneAccount()) &&
                incomingCall.getHandoverSourceCall() == null;
    }

    private boolean makeRoomForOutgoingCall(Call call, boolean isEmergency) {
        if (hasMaximumManagedLiveCalls(call)) {
            // NOTE: If the amount of live calls changes beyond 1, this logic will probably
            // have to change.
            Call liveCall = getFirstCallWithState(LIVE_CALL_STATES);
            Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall call = " + call + " livecall = " +
                   liveCall);

            if (call == liveCall) {
                // If the call is already the foreground call, then we are golden.
                // This can happen after the user selects an account in the SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT
                // state since the call was already populated into the list.
                return true;
            }

            if (hasMaximumManagedOutgoingCalls(call)) {
                Call outgoingCall = getFirstCallWithState(OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
                if (isEmergency && !outgoingCall.isEmergencyCall()) {
                    // Disconnect the current outgoing call if it's not an emergency call. If the
                    // user tries to make two outgoing calls to different emergency call numbers,
                    // we will try to connect the first outgoing call.
                    call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                    outgoingCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                    outgoingCall.disconnect();
                    return true;
                }
                if (outgoingCall.getState() == CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT) {
                    // If there is an orphaned call in the {@link CallState#SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT}
                    // state, just disconnect it since the user has explicitly started a new call.
                    call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                    outgoingCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                    outgoingCall.disconnect();
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }

            if (hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(call)) {
                // There is no more room for any more calls, unless it's an emergency.
                if (isEmergency) {
                    // Kill the current active call, this is easier then trying to disconnect a
                    // holding call and hold an active call.
                    call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                    liveCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                    liveCall.disconnect();
                    return true;
                }
                return false;  // No more room!
            }

            // We have room for at least one more holding call at this point.

            // TODO: Remove once b/23035408 has been corrected.
            // If the live call is a conference, it will not have a target phone account set.  This
            // means the check to see if the live call has the same target phone account as the new
            // call will not cause us to bail early.  As a result, we'll end up holding the
            // ongoing conference call.  However, the ConnectionService is already doing that.  This
            // has caused problems with some carriers.  As a workaround until b/23035408 is
            // corrected, we will try and get the target phone account for one of the conference's
            // children and use that instead.
            PhoneAccountHandle liveCallPhoneAccount = liveCall.getTargetPhoneAccount();
            if (liveCallPhoneAccount == null && liveCall.isConference() &&
                    !liveCall.getChildCalls().isEmpty()) {
                liveCallPhoneAccount = getFirstChildPhoneAccount(liveCall);
                Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall: using child call PhoneAccount = " +
                        liveCallPhoneAccount);
            }

            // First thing, if we are trying to make a call with the same phone account as the live
            // call, then allow it so that the connection service can make its own decision about
            // how to handle the new call relative to the current one.
            if (Objects.equals(liveCallPhoneAccount, call.getTargetPhoneAccount())) {
                Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall: phoneAccount matches.");
                call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                liveCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                return true;
            } else if (call.getTargetPhoneAccount() == null) {
                // Without a phone account, we can't say reliably that the call will fail.
                // If the user chooses the same phone account as the live call, then it's
                // still possible that the call can be made (like with CDMA calls not supporting
                // hold but they still support adding a call by going immediately into conference
                // mode). Return true here and we'll run this code again after user chooses an
                // account.
                return true;
            }

            // Try to hold the live call before attempting the new outgoing call.
            if (liveCall.can(Connection.CAPABILITY_HOLD)) {
                Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall: holding live call.");
                call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                liveCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                liveCall.hold();
                return true;
            }

            // The live call cannot be held so we're out of luck here.  There's no room.
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Given a call, find the first non-null phone account handle of its children.
     *
     * @param parentCall The parent call.
     * @return The first non-null phone account handle of the children, or {@code null} if none.
     */
    private PhoneAccountHandle getFirstChildPhoneAccount(Call parentCall) {
        for (Call childCall : parentCall.getChildCalls()) {
            PhoneAccountHandle childPhoneAccount = childCall.getTargetPhoneAccount();
            if (childPhoneAccount != null) {
                return childPhoneAccount;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if the call should be on speakerphone and if so, set it.
     */
    private void maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(Call call) {
        if (call.isHandoverInProgress() && call.getState() == CallState.DIALING) {
            // When a new outgoing call is initiated for the purpose of handing over, do not engage
            // speaker automatically until the call goes active.
            return;
        }
        if (call.getStartWithSpeakerphoneOn()) {
            setAudioRoute(CallAudioState.ROUTE_SPEAKER, null);
            call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new call for an existing connection.
     *
     * @param callId The id of the new call.
     * @param connection The connection information.
     * @return The new call.
     */
    Call createCallForExistingConnection(String callId, ParcelableConnection connection) {
        boolean isDowngradedConference = (connection.getConnectionProperties()
                & Connection.PROPERTY_IS_DOWNGRADED_CONFERENCE) != 0;
        Call call = new Call(
                callId,
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                connection.getHandle() /* handle */,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                connection.getPhoneAccount(), /* targetPhoneAccountHandle */
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_UNDEFINED /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                isDowngradedConference /* isConference */,
                connection.getConnectTimeMillis() /* connectTimeMillis */,
                connection.getConnectElapsedTimeMillis(), /* connectElapsedTimeMillis */
                mClockProxy);

        call.initAnalytics();
        call.getAnalytics().setCreatedFromExistingConnection(true);

        setCallState(call, Call.getStateFromConnectionState(connection.getState()),
                "existing connection");
        call.setConnectionCapabilities(connection.getConnectionCapabilities());
        call.setConnectionProperties(connection.getConnectionProperties());
        call.setHandle(connection.getHandle(), connection.getHandlePresentation());
        call.setCallerDisplayName(connection.getCallerDisplayName(),
                connection.getCallerDisplayNamePresentation());
        call.addListener(this);

        // In case this connection was added via a ConnectionManager, keep track of the original
        // Connection ID as created by the originating ConnectionService.
        Bundle extras = connection.getExtras();
        if (extras != null && extras.containsKey(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID)) {
            call.setOriginalConnectionId(extras.getString(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID));
        }
        Log.i(this, "createCallForExistingConnection: %s", connection);
        Call parentCall = null;
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(connection.getParentCallId())) {
            String parentId = connection.getParentCallId();
            parentCall = mCalls
                    .stream()
                    .filter(c -> c.getId().equals(parentId))
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null);
            if (parentCall != null) {
                Log.i(this, "createCallForExistingConnection: %s added as child of %s.",
                        call.getId(),
                        parentCall.getId());
                // Set JUST the parent property, which won't send an update to the Incall UI.
                call.setParentCall(parentCall);
            }
        }
        addCall(call);
        if (parentCall != null) {
            // Now, set the call as a child of the parent since it has been added to Telecom.  This
            // is where we will inform InCall.
            call.setChildOf(parentCall);
            call.notifyParentChanged(parentCall);
        }

        return call;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether Telecom already knows about a Connection added via the
     * {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService#addExistingConnection(PhoneAccountHandle,
     * Connection)} API via a ConnectionManager.
     *
     * See {@link Connection#EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID}.
     * @param originalConnectionId The new connection ID to check.
     * @return {@code true} if this connection is already known by Telecom.
     */
    Call getAlreadyAddedConnection(String originalConnectionId) {
        Optional<Call> existingCall = mCalls.stream()
                .filter(call -> originalConnectionId.equals(call.getOriginalConnectionId()) ||
                            originalConnectionId.equals(call.getId()))
                .findFirst();

        if (existingCall.isPresent()) {
            Log.i(this, "isExistingConnectionAlreadyAdded - call %s already added with id %s",
                    originalConnectionId, existingCall.get().getId());
            return existingCall.get();
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return A new unique telecom call Id.
     */
    private String getNextCallId() {
        synchronized(mLock) {
            return TELECOM_CALL_ID_PREFIX + (++mCallId);
        }
    }

    public int getNextRttRequestId() {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            return (++mRttRequestId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Callback when foreground user is switched. We will reload missed call in all profiles
     * including the user itself. There may be chances that profiles are not started yet.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void onUserSwitch(UserHandle userHandle) {
        mCurrentUserHandle = userHandle;
        mMissedCallNotifier.setCurrentUserHandle(userHandle);
        final UserManager userManager = UserManager.get(mContext);
        List<UserInfo> profiles = userManager.getEnabledProfiles(userHandle.getIdentifier());
        for (UserInfo profile : profiles) {
            reloadMissedCallsOfUser(profile.getUserHandle());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Because there may be chances that profiles are not started yet though its parent user is
     * switched, we reload missed calls of profile that are just started here.
     */
    void onUserStarting(UserHandle userHandle) {
        if (UserUtil.isProfile(mContext, userHandle)) {
            reloadMissedCallsOfUser(userHandle);
        }
    }

    public TelecomSystem.SyncRoot getLock() {
        return mLock;
    }

    private void reloadMissedCallsOfUser(UserHandle userHandle) {
        mMissedCallNotifier.reloadFromDatabase(mCallerInfoLookupHelper,
                new MissedCallNotifier.CallInfoFactory(), userHandle);
    }

    public void onBootCompleted() {
        mMissedCallNotifier.reloadAfterBootComplete(mCallerInfoLookupHelper,
                new MissedCallNotifier.CallInfoFactory());
    }

    public boolean isIncomingCallPermitted(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return isIncomingCallPermitted(null /* excludeCall */, phoneAccountHandle);
    }

    public boolean isIncomingCallPermitted(Call excludeCall,
                                           PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        if (phoneAccountHandle == null) {
            return false;
        }
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(phoneAccountHandle);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!phoneAccount.isSelfManaged()) {
            return !hasMaximumManagedRingingCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(excludeCall);
        } else {
            return !hasEmergencyCall() &&
                    !hasMaximumSelfManagedRingingCalls(excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle) &&
                    !hasMaximumSelfManagedCalls(excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle);
        }
    }

    public boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return isOutgoingCallPermitted(null /* excludeCall */, phoneAccountHandle);
    }

    public boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted(Call excludeCall,
                                           PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        if (phoneAccountHandle == null) {
            return false;
        }
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(phoneAccountHandle);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!phoneAccount.isSelfManaged()) {
            return !hasMaximumManagedOutgoingCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedDialingCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedLiveCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(excludeCall);
        } else {
            // Only permit outgoing calls if there is no ongoing emergency calls and all other calls
            // are associated with the current PhoneAccountHandle.
            return !hasEmergencyCall() && (
                    (excludeCall != null && excludeCall.getHandoverSourceCall() != null) || (
                            !hasMaximumSelfManagedCalls(excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle)
                                    && !hasCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle)
                                    && !hasManagedCalls()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Blocks execution until all Telecom handlers have completed their current work.
     */
    public void waitOnHandlers() {
        CountDownLatch mainHandlerLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
        mHandler.post(() -> {
            mainHandlerLatch.countDown();
        });
        mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioModeStateMachine().getHandler().post(() -> {
            mainHandlerLatch.countDown();
        });
        mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioRouteStateMachine().getHandler().post(() -> {
            mainHandlerLatch.countDown();
        });

        try {
            mainHandlerLatch.await(HANDLER_WAIT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Log.w(this, "waitOnHandlers: interrupted %s", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used to confirm creation of an outgoing call which was marked as pending confirmation in
     * {@link #startOutgoingCall(Uri, PhoneAccountHandle, Bundle, UserHandle, Intent)}.
     * Called via {@link TelecomBroadcastIntentProcessor} for a call which was confirmed via
     * {@link ConfirmCallDialogActivity}.
     * @param callId The call ID of the call to confirm.
     */
    public void confirmPendingCall(String callId) {
        Log.i(this, "confirmPendingCall: callId=%s", callId);
        if (mPendingCall != null && mPendingCall.getId().equals(callId)) {
            Log.addEvent(mPendingCall, LogUtils.Events.USER_CONFIRMED);
            addCall(mPendingCall);

            // We are going to place the new outgoing call, so disconnect any ongoing self-managed
            // calls which are ongoing at this time.
            disconnectSelfManagedCalls();

            // Kick of the new outgoing call intent from where it left off prior to confirming the
            // call.
            CallIntentProcessor.sendNewOutgoingCallIntent(mContext, mPendingCall, this,
                    mPendingCall.getOriginalCallIntent());
            mPendingCall = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used to cancel an outgoing call which was marked as pending confirmation in
     * {@link #startOutgoingCall(Uri, PhoneAccountHandle, Bundle, UserHandle, Intent)}.
     * Called via {@link TelecomBroadcastIntentProcessor} for a call which was confirmed via
     * {@link ConfirmCallDialogActivity}.
     * @param callId The call ID of the call to cancel.
     */
    public void cancelPendingCall(String callId) {
        Log.i(this, "cancelPendingCall: callId=%s", callId);
        if (mPendingCall != null && mPendingCall.getId().equals(callId)) {
            Log.addEvent(mPendingCall, LogUtils.Events.USER_CANCELLED);
            markCallAsDisconnected(mPendingCall, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.CANCELED));
            markCallAsRemoved(mPendingCall);
            mPendingCall = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called from {@link #startOutgoingCall(Uri, PhoneAccountHandle, Bundle, UserHandle, Intent)} when
     * a managed call is added while there are ongoing self-managed calls.  Starts
     * {@link ConfirmCallDialogActivity} to prompt the user to see if they wish to place the
     * outgoing call or not.
     * @param call The call to confirm.
     */
    private void startCallConfirmation(Call call) {
        if (mPendingCall != null) {
            Log.i(this, "startCallConfirmation: call %s is already pending; disconnecting %s",
                    mPendingCall.getId(), call.getId());
            markCallDisconnectedDueToSelfManagedCall(call);
            return;
        }
        Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.USER_CONFIRMATION);
        mPendingCall = call;

        // Figure out the name of the app in charge of the self-managed call(s).
        Call selfManagedCall = mCalls.stream()
                .filter(c -> c.isSelfManaged())
                .findFirst()
                .orElse(null);
        CharSequence ongoingAppName = "";
        if (selfManagedCall != null) {
            ongoingAppName = selfManagedCall.getTargetPhoneAccountLabel();
        }
        Log.i(this, "startCallConfirmation: callId=%s, ongoingApp=%s", call.getId(),
                ongoingAppName);

        Intent confirmIntent = new Intent(mContext, ConfirmCallDialogActivity.class);
        confirmIntent.putExtra(ConfirmCallDialogActivity.EXTRA_OUTGOING_CALL_ID, call.getId());
        confirmIntent.putExtra(ConfirmCallDialogActivity.EXTRA_ONGOING_APP_NAME, ongoingAppName);
        confirmIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        mContext.startActivityAsUser(confirmIntent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects all self-managed calls.
     */
    private void disconnectSelfManagedCalls() {
        // Disconnect all self-managed calls to make priority for emergency call.
        // Use Call.disconnect() to command the ConnectionService to disconnect the calls.
        // CallsManager.markCallAsDisconnected doesn't actually tell the ConnectionService to
        // disconnect.
        mCalls.stream()
                .filter(c -> c.isSelfManaged())
                .forEach(c -> c.disconnect());
    }

    /**
     * Dumps the state of the {@link CallsManager}.
     *
     * @param pw The {@code IndentingPrintWriter} to write the state to.
     */
    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP, TAG);
        if (mCalls != null) {
            pw.println("mCalls: ");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            for (Call call : mCalls) {
                pw.println(call);
            }
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mPendingCall != null) {
            pw.print("mPendingCall:");
            pw.println(mPendingCall.getId());
        }

        if (mCallAudioManager != null) {
            pw.println("mCallAudioManager:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mCallAudioManager.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mTtyManager != null) {
            pw.println("mTtyManager:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mTtyManager.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mInCallController != null) {
            pw.println("mInCallController:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mInCallController.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mDefaultDialerCache != null) {
            pw.println("mDefaultDialerCache:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mDefaultDialerCache.dumpCache(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mConnectionServiceRepository != null) {
            pw.println("mConnectionServiceRepository:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mConnectionServiceRepository.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }
    }

    /**
    * For some disconnected causes, we show a dialog when it's a mmi code or potential mmi code.
    *
    * @param call The call.
    */
    private void maybeShowErrorDialogOnDisconnect(Call call) {
        if (call.getState() == CallState.DISCONNECTED && (isPotentialMMICode(call.getHandle())
                || isPotentialInCallMMICode(call.getHandle())) && !mCalls.contains(call)) {
            DisconnectCause disconnectCause = call.getDisconnectCause();
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(disconnectCause.getDescription()) && (disconnectCause.getCode()
                    == DisconnectCause.ERROR)) {
                Intent errorIntent = new Intent(mContext, ErrorDialogActivity.class);
                errorIntent.putExtra(ErrorDialogActivity.ERROR_MESSAGE_STRING_EXTRA,
                        disconnectCause.getDescription());
                errorIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                mContext.startActivityAsUser(errorIntent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
            }
        }
    }

    private void setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(Call call, Bundle extras) {
      // Create our own instance to modify (since extras may be Bundle.EMPTY)
      extras = new Bundle(extras);

      // Specifies the time telecom began routing the call. This is used by the dialer for
      // analytics.
      extras.putLong(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TELECOM_ROUTING_START_TIME_MILLIS,
              SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());

      call.setIntentExtras(extras);
    }

    /**
     * Notifies the {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService} associated with a
     * {@link PhoneAccountHandle} that the attempt to create a new connection has failed.
     *
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle}.
     * @param call The {@link Call} which could not be added.
     */
    private void notifyCreateConnectionFailed(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Call call) {
        if (phoneAccountHandle == null) {
            return;
        }
        ConnectionServiceWrapper service = mConnectionServiceRepository.getService(
                phoneAccountHandle.getComponentName(), phoneAccountHandle.getUserHandle());
        if (service == null) {
            Log.i(this, "Found no connection service.");
            return;
        } else {
            call.setConnectionService(service);
            service.createConnectionFailed(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called in response to a {@link Call} receiving a {@link Call#sendCallEvent(String, Bundle)}
     * of type {@link android.telecom.Call#EVENT_REQUEST_HANDOVER} indicating the
     * {@link android.telecom.InCallService} has requested a handover to another
     * {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService}.
     *
     * We will explicitly disallow a handover when there is an emergency call present.
     *
     * @param handoverFromCall The {@link Call} to be handed over.
     * @param handoverToHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to hand over the call to.
     * @param videoState The desired video state of {@link Call} after handover.
     * @param initiatingExtras Extras associated with the handover, to be passed to the handover
     *               {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService}.
     */
    private void requestHandover(Call handoverFromCall, PhoneAccountHandle handoverToHandle,
                                 int videoState, Bundle initiatingExtras) {

        boolean isHandoverFromSupported = isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(
                handoverFromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        boolean isHandoverToSupported = isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(handoverToHandle);

        if (!isHandoverFromSupported || !isHandoverToSupported || hasEmergencyCall()) {
            handoverFromCall.sendCallEvent(android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_FAILED, null);
            return;
        }

        Log.addEvent(handoverFromCall, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_REQUEST, handoverToHandle);

        Bundle extras = new Bundle();
        extras.putBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_IS_HANDOVER, true);
        extras.putParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_HANDOVER_FROM_PHONE_ACCOUNT,
                handoverFromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        extras.putInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_VIDEO_STATE, videoState);
        if (initiatingExtras != null) {
            extras.putAll(initiatingExtras);
        }
        extras.putParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_AUDIO_STATE,
                mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioState());
        Call handoverToCall = startOutgoingCall(handoverFromCall.getHandle(), handoverToHandle,
                extras, getCurrentUserHandle(), null /* originalIntent */);
        Log.addEvent(handoverFromCall, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", handoverFromCall.getId(), handoverToCall.getId());
        handoverFromCall.setHandoverDestinationCall(handoverToCall);
        handoverFromCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED);
        handoverToCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED);
        handoverToCall.setHandoverSourceCall(handoverFromCall);
        handoverToCall.setNewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcastIsDone();
        placeOutgoingCall(handoverToCall, handoverToCall.getHandle(), null /* gatewayInfo */,
                false /* startwithSpeaker */,
                videoState);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if handover from the specified {@link PhoneAccountHandle} is supported.
     *
     * @param from The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} the handover originates from.
     * @return {@code true} if handover is currently allowed, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(PhoneAccountHandle from) {
        return getBooleanPhoneAccountExtra(from, PhoneAccount.EXTRA_SUPPORTS_HANDOVER_FROM);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if handover to the specified {@link PhoneAccountHandle} is supported.
     *
     * @param to The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} the handover it to.
     * @return {@code true} if handover is currently allowed, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(PhoneAccountHandle to) {
        return getBooleanPhoneAccountExtra(to, PhoneAccount.EXTRA_SUPPORTS_HANDOVER_TO);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a boolean phone account extra.
     * @param handle the {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to retrieve the extra for.
     * @param key The extras key.
     * @return {@code true} if the extra {@link PhoneAccount} extra is true, {@code false}
     *      otherwise.
     */
    private boolean getBooleanPhoneAccountExtra(PhoneAccountHandle handle, String key) {
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount = getPhoneAccountRegistrar().getPhoneAccountUnchecked(handle);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            return false;
        }

        Bundle fromExtras = phoneAccount.getExtras();
        if (fromExtras == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return fromExtras.getBoolean(key);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there is an existing handover in process.
     * @return {@code true} if a call in the process of handover exists, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isHandoverInProgress() {
        return mCalls.stream().filter(c -> c.getHandoverSourceCall() != null ||
                c.getHandoverDestinationCall() != null).count() > 0;
    }

    private void broadcastUnregisterIntent(PhoneAccountHandle accountHandle) {
        Intent intent =
                new Intent(TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_UNREGISTERED);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND);
        intent.putExtra(
                TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE, accountHandle);
        Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account %s unregistered intent as user", accountHandle);
        mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL,
                PERMISSION_PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION);

        String dialerPackage = mDefaultDialerCache.getDefaultDialerApplication(
                getCurrentUserHandle().getIdentifier());
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(dialerPackage)) {
            Intent directedIntent = new Intent(TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_UNREGISTERED)
                    .setPackage(dialerPackage);
            directedIntent.putExtra(
                    TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE, accountHandle);
            Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account unregistered intent to default dialer");
            mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(directedIntent, UserHandle.ALL, null);
        }
        return ;
    }

    private void broadcastRegisterIntent(PhoneAccountHandle accountHandle) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(
                TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTERED);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND);
        intent.putExtra(TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE,
                accountHandle);
        Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account %s registered intent as user", accountHandle);
        mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL,
                PERMISSION_PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION);

        String dialerPackage = mDefaultDialerCache.getDefaultDialerApplication(
                getCurrentUserHandle().getIdentifier());
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(dialerPackage)) {
            Intent directedIntent = new Intent(TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTERED)
                    .setPackage(dialerPackage);
            directedIntent.putExtra(
                    TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE, accountHandle);
            Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account registered intent to default dialer");
            mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(directedIntent, UserHandle.ALL, null);
        }
        return ;
    }

    public void acceptHandover(Uri srcAddr, int videoState, PhoneAccountHandle destAcct) {
        // TODO:
    }
}