server/telecom/CallsManager.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.server.telecom;

import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.os.SystemProperties;
import android.os.SystemVibrator;
import android.os.Trace;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import android.os.UserManager;
import android.provider.CallLog.Calls;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.telecom.CallAudioState;
import android.telecom.Conference;
import android.telecom.Connection;
import android.telecom.DisconnectCause;
import android.telecom.GatewayInfo;
import android.telecom.Log;
import android.telecom.ParcelableConference;
import android.telecom.ParcelableConnection;
import android.telecom.PhoneAccount;
import android.telecom.PhoneAccountHandle;
import android.telecom.Logging.Runnable;
import android.telecom.TelecomManager;
import android.telecom.VideoProfile;
import android.telephony.PhoneNumberUtils;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.text.TextUtils;

import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.android.internal.telephony.AsyncEmergencyContactNotifier;
import com.android.internal.telephony.PhoneConstants;
import com.android.internal.telephony.TelephonyProperties;
import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
import com.android.server.telecom.bluetooth.BluetoothRouteManager;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.AsyncBlockCheckFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.BlockCheckerAdapter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.CallFilterResultCallback;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.CallFilteringResult;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.CallScreeningServiceFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.DirectToVoicemailCallFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.callfiltering.IncomingCallFilter;
import com.android.server.telecom.components.ErrorDialogActivity;
import com.android.server.telecom.ui.ConfirmCallDialogActivity;
import com.android.server.telecom.ui.IncomingCallNotifier;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * Singleton.
 *
 * NOTE: by design most APIs are package private, use the relevant adapter/s to allow
 * access from other packages specifically refraining from passing the CallsManager instance
 * beyond the com.android.server.telecom package boundary.
 */
@VisibleForTesting
public class CallsManager extends Call.ListenerBase
        implements VideoProviderProxy.Listener, CallFilterResultCallback, CurrentUserProxy {

    // TODO: Consider renaming this CallsManagerPlugin.
    @VisibleForTesting
    public interface CallsManagerListener {
        void onCallAdded(Call call);
        void onCallRemoved(Call call);
        void onCallStateChanged(Call call, int oldState, int newState);
        void onConnectionServiceChanged(
                Call call,
                ConnectionServiceWrapper oldService,
                ConnectionServiceWrapper newService);
        void onIncomingCallAnswered(Call call);
        void onIncomingCallRejected(Call call, boolean rejectWithMessage, String textMessage);
        void onCallAudioStateChanged(CallAudioState oldAudioState, CallAudioState newAudioState);
        void onRingbackRequested(Call call, boolean ringback);
        void onIsConferencedChanged(Call call);
        void onIsVoipAudioModeChanged(Call call);
        void onVideoStateChanged(Call call, int previousVideoState, int newVideoState);
        void onCanAddCallChanged(boolean canAddCall);
        void onSessionModifyRequestReceived(Call call, VideoProfile videoProfile);
        void onHoldToneRequested(Call call);
        void onExternalCallChanged(Call call, boolean isExternalCall);
        void onDisconnectedTonePlaying(boolean isTonePlaying);
    }

    /** Interface used to define the action which is executed delay under some condition. */
    interface PendingAction {
        void performAction();
    }

    private static final String TAG = "CallsManager";

    /**
     * Call filter specifier used with
     * {@link #getNumCallsWithState(int, Call, PhoneAccountHandle, int...)} to indicate only
     * self-managed calls should be included.
     */
    private static final int CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED = 1;

    /**
     * Call filter specifier used with
     * {@link #getNumCallsWithState(int, Call, PhoneAccountHandle, int...)} to indicate only
     * managed calls should be included.
     */
    private static final int CALL_FILTER_MANAGED = 2;

    /**
     * Call filter specifier used with
     * {@link #getNumCallsWithState(int, Call, PhoneAccountHandle, int...)} to indicate both managed
     * and self-managed calls should be included.
     */
    private static final int CALL_FILTER_ALL = 3;

    private static final String PERMISSION_PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION =
            "android.permission.PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION";

    private static final int HANDLER_WAIT_TIMEOUT = 10000;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_LIVE_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_HOLD_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_RINGING_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_DIALING_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_OUTGOING_CALLS = 1;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_TOP_LEVEL_CALLS = 2;
    private static final int MAXIMUM_SELF_MANAGED_CALLS = 10;

    private static final int[] OUTGOING_CALL_STATES =
            {CallState.CONNECTING, CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING,
                    CallState.PULLING};

    /**
     * These states are used by {@link #makeRoomForOutgoingCall(Call, boolean)} to determine which
     * call should be ended first to make room for a new outgoing call.
     */
    private static final int[] LIVE_CALL_STATES =
            {CallState.CONNECTING, CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING,
                    CallState.PULLING, CallState.ACTIVE};

    /**
     * These states determine which calls will cause {@link TelecomManager#isInCall()} or
     * {@link TelecomManager#isInManagedCall()} to return true.
     *
     * See also {@link PhoneStateBroadcaster}, which considers a similar set of states as being
     * off-hook.
     */
    public static final int[] ONGOING_CALL_STATES =
            {CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING, CallState.PULLING, CallState.ACTIVE,
                    CallState.ON_HOLD, CallState.RINGING};

    private static final int[] ANY_CALL_STATE =
            {CallState.NEW, CallState.CONNECTING, CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, CallState.DIALING,
                    CallState.RINGING, CallState.ACTIVE, CallState.ON_HOLD, CallState.DISCONNECTED,
                    CallState.ABORTED, CallState.DISCONNECTING, CallState.PULLING};

    public static final String TELECOM_CALL_ID_PREFIX = "TC@";

    // Maps call technologies in PhoneConstants to those in Analytics.
    private static final Map<Integer, Integer> sAnalyticsTechnologyMap;
    static {
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap = new HashMap<>(5);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_CDMA, Analytics.CDMA_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_GSM, Analytics.GSM_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_IMS, Analytics.IMS_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_SIP, Analytics.SIP_PHONE);
        sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.put(PhoneConstants.PHONE_TYPE_THIRD_PARTY,
                Analytics.THIRD_PARTY_PHONE);
    }

    /**
     * The main call repository. Keeps an instance of all live calls. New incoming and outgoing
     * calls are added to the map and removed when the calls move to the disconnected state.
     *
     * ConcurrentHashMap constructor params: 8 is initial table size, 0.9f is
     * load factor before resizing, 1 means we only expect a single thread to
     * access the map so make only a single shard
     */
    private final Set<Call> mCalls = Collections.newSetFromMap(
            new ConcurrentHashMap<Call, Boolean>(8, 0.9f, 1));

    /**
     * A pending call is one which requires user-intervention in order to be placed.
     * Used by {@link #startCallConfirmation(Call)}.
     */
    private Call mPendingCall;

    /**
     * The current telecom call ID.  Used when creating new instances of {@link Call}.  Should
     * only be accessed using the {@link #getNextCallId()} method which synchronizes on the
     * {@link #mLock} sync root.
     */
    private int mCallId = 0;

    private int mRttRequestId = 0;
    /**
     * Stores the current foreground user.
     */
    private UserHandle mCurrentUserHandle = UserHandle.of(ActivityManager.getCurrentUser());

    private final ConnectionServiceRepository mConnectionServiceRepository;
    private final DtmfLocalTonePlayer mDtmfLocalTonePlayer;
    private final InCallController mInCallController;
    private final CallAudioManager mCallAudioManager;
    private RespondViaSmsManager mRespondViaSmsManager;
    private final Ringer mRinger;
    private final InCallWakeLockController mInCallWakeLockController;
    // For this set initial table size to 16 because we add 13 listeners in
    // the CallsManager constructor.
    private final Set<CallsManagerListener> mListeners = Collections.newSetFromMap(
            new ConcurrentHashMap<CallsManagerListener, Boolean>(16, 0.9f, 1));
    private final HeadsetMediaButton mHeadsetMediaButton;
    private final WiredHeadsetManager mWiredHeadsetManager;
    private final BluetoothRouteManager mBluetoothRouteManager;
    private final DockManager mDockManager;
    private final TtyManager mTtyManager;
    private final ProximitySensorManager mProximitySensorManager;
    private final PhoneStateBroadcaster mPhoneStateBroadcaster;
    private final CallLogManager mCallLogManager;
    private final Context mContext;
    private final TelecomSystem.SyncRoot mLock;
    private final ContactsAsyncHelper mContactsAsyncHelper;
    private final CallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory;
    private final PhoneAccountRegistrar mPhoneAccountRegistrar;
    private final MissedCallNotifier mMissedCallNotifier;
    private IncomingCallNotifier mIncomingCallNotifier;
    private final CallerInfoLookupHelper mCallerInfoLookupHelper;
    private final DefaultDialerCache mDefaultDialerCache;
    private final Timeouts.Adapter mTimeoutsAdapter;
    private final PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter;
    private final ClockProxy mClockProxy;
    private final Set<Call> mLocallyDisconnectingCalls = new HashSet<>();
    private final Set<Call> mPendingCallsToDisconnect = new HashSet<>();
    private final ConnectionServiceFocusManager mConnectionSvrFocusMgr;
    /* Handler tied to thread in which CallManager was initialized. */
    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    private final EmergencyCallHelper mEmergencyCallHelper;

    private final ConnectionServiceFocusManager.CallsManagerRequester mRequester =
            new ConnectionServiceFocusManager.CallsManagerRequester() {
                @Override
                public void releaseConnectionService(
                        ConnectionServiceFocusManager.ConnectionServiceFocus connectionService) {
                    mCalls.stream()
                            .filter(c -> c.getConnectionServiceWrapper().equals(connectionService))
                            .forEach(c -> c.disconnect());
                }

                @Override
                public void setCallsManagerListener(CallsManagerListener listener) {
                    mListeners.add(listener);
                }
            };

    private boolean mCanAddCall = true;

    private TelephonyManager.MultiSimVariants mRadioSimVariants = null;

    private Runnable mStopTone;

    /**
     * Listener to PhoneAccountRegistrar events.
     */
    private PhoneAccountRegistrar.Listener mPhoneAccountListener =
            new PhoneAccountRegistrar.Listener() {
        public void onPhoneAccountRegistered(PhoneAccountRegistrar registrar,
                                             PhoneAccountHandle handle) {
            broadcastRegisterIntent(handle);
        }
        public void onPhoneAccountUnRegistered(PhoneAccountRegistrar registrar,
                                               PhoneAccountHandle handle) {
            broadcastUnregisterIntent(handle);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Initializes the required Telecom components.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public CallsManager(
            Context context,
            TelecomSystem.SyncRoot lock,
            ContactsAsyncHelper contactsAsyncHelper,
            CallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory callerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
            MissedCallNotifier missedCallNotifier,
            PhoneAccountRegistrar phoneAccountRegistrar,
            HeadsetMediaButtonFactory headsetMediaButtonFactory,
            ProximitySensorManagerFactory proximitySensorManagerFactory,
            InCallWakeLockControllerFactory inCallWakeLockControllerFactory,
            ConnectionServiceFocusManager.ConnectionServiceFocusManagerFactory
                    connectionServiceFocusManagerFactory,
            CallAudioManager.AudioServiceFactory audioServiceFactory,
            BluetoothRouteManager bluetoothManager,
            WiredHeadsetManager wiredHeadsetManager,
            SystemStateProvider systemStateProvider,
            DefaultDialerCache defaultDialerCache,
            Timeouts.Adapter timeoutsAdapter,
            AsyncRingtonePlayer asyncRingtonePlayer,
            PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter phoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
            EmergencyCallHelper emergencyCallHelper,
            InCallTonePlayer.ToneGeneratorFactory toneGeneratorFactory,
            ClockProxy clockProxy,
            InCallControllerFactory inCallControllerFactory) {
        mContext = context;
        mLock = lock;
        mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter = phoneNumberUtilsAdapter;
        mContactsAsyncHelper = contactsAsyncHelper;
        mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory = callerInfoAsyncQueryFactory;
        mPhoneAccountRegistrar = phoneAccountRegistrar;
        mPhoneAccountRegistrar.addListener(mPhoneAccountListener);
        mMissedCallNotifier = missedCallNotifier;
        StatusBarNotifier statusBarNotifier = new StatusBarNotifier(context, this);
        mWiredHeadsetManager = wiredHeadsetManager;
        mDefaultDialerCache = defaultDialerCache;
        mBluetoothRouteManager = bluetoothManager;
        mDockManager = new DockManager(context);
        mTimeoutsAdapter = timeoutsAdapter;
        mEmergencyCallHelper = emergencyCallHelper;
        mCallerInfoLookupHelper = new CallerInfoLookupHelper(context, mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mContactsAsyncHelper, mLock);

        mDtmfLocalTonePlayer =
                new DtmfLocalTonePlayer(new DtmfLocalTonePlayer.ToneGeneratorProxy());
        CallAudioRouteStateMachine callAudioRouteStateMachine = new CallAudioRouteStateMachine(
                context,
                this,
                bluetoothManager,
                wiredHeadsetManager,
                statusBarNotifier,
                audioServiceFactory,
                CallAudioRouteStateMachine.EARPIECE_AUTO_DETECT
        );
        callAudioRouteStateMachine.initialize();

        CallAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter callAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter =
                new CallAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter(
                        callAudioRouteStateMachine,
                        bluetoothManager,
                        wiredHeadsetManager,
                        mDockManager);

        InCallTonePlayer.Factory playerFactory = new InCallTonePlayer.Factory(
                callAudioRoutePeripheralAdapter, lock, toneGeneratorFactory);

        SystemSettingsUtil systemSettingsUtil = new SystemSettingsUtil();
        RingtoneFactory ringtoneFactory = new RingtoneFactory(this, context);
        SystemVibrator systemVibrator = new SystemVibrator(context);
        mInCallController = inCallControllerFactory.create(context, mLock, this,
                systemStateProvider, defaultDialerCache, mTimeoutsAdapter,
                emergencyCallHelper);
        mRinger = new Ringer(playerFactory, context, systemSettingsUtil, asyncRingtonePlayer,
                ringtoneFactory, systemVibrator, mInCallController);

        mCallAudioManager = new CallAudioManager(callAudioRouteStateMachine,
                this,new CallAudioModeStateMachine((AudioManager)
                        mContext.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE)),
                playerFactory, mRinger, new RingbackPlayer(playerFactory), mDtmfLocalTonePlayer);

        mConnectionSvrFocusMgr = connectionServiceFocusManagerFactory.create(
                mRequester, Looper.getMainLooper());

        mHeadsetMediaButton = headsetMediaButtonFactory.create(context, this, mLock);
        mTtyManager = new TtyManager(context, mWiredHeadsetManager);
        mProximitySensorManager = proximitySensorManagerFactory.create(context, this);
        mPhoneStateBroadcaster = new PhoneStateBroadcaster(this);
        mCallLogManager = new CallLogManager(context, phoneAccountRegistrar, mMissedCallNotifier);
        mConnectionServiceRepository =
                new ConnectionServiceRepository(mPhoneAccountRegistrar, mContext, mLock, this);
        mInCallWakeLockController = inCallWakeLockControllerFactory.create(context, this);
        mClockProxy = clockProxy;

        mListeners.add(mInCallWakeLockController);
        mListeners.add(statusBarNotifier);
        mListeners.add(mCallLogManager);
        mListeners.add(mPhoneStateBroadcaster);
        mListeners.add(mInCallController);
        mListeners.add(mCallAudioManager);
        mListeners.add(missedCallNotifier);
        mListeners.add(mHeadsetMediaButton);
        mListeners.add(mProximitySensorManager);

        // There is no USER_SWITCHED broadcast for user 0, handle it here explicitly.
        final UserManager userManager = UserManager.get(mContext);
        // Don't load missed call if it is run in split user model.
        if (userManager.isPrimaryUser()) {
            onUserSwitch(Process.myUserHandle());
        }
    }

    public void setIncomingCallNotifier(IncomingCallNotifier incomingCallNotifier) {
        if (mIncomingCallNotifier != null) {
            mListeners.remove(mIncomingCallNotifier);
        }
        mIncomingCallNotifier = incomingCallNotifier;
        mListeners.add(mIncomingCallNotifier);
    }

    public void setRespondViaSmsManager(RespondViaSmsManager respondViaSmsManager) {
        if (mRespondViaSmsManager != null) {
            mListeners.remove(mRespondViaSmsManager);
        }
        mRespondViaSmsManager = respondViaSmsManager;
        mListeners.add(respondViaSmsManager);
    }

    public RespondViaSmsManager getRespondViaSmsManager() {
        return mRespondViaSmsManager;
    }

    public CallerInfoLookupHelper getCallerInfoLookupHelper() {
        return mCallerInfoLookupHelper;
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccessfulOutgoingCall(Call call, int callState) {
        Log.v(this, "onSuccessfulOutgoingCall, %s", call);

        setCallState(call, callState, "successful outgoing call");
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            // Call was not added previously in startOutgoingCall due to it being a potential MMI
            // code, so add it now.
            addCall(call);
        }

        // The call's ConnectionService has been updated.
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onConnectionServiceChanged(call, null, call.getConnectionService());
        }

        markCallAsDialing(call);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailedOutgoingCall(Call call, DisconnectCause disconnectCause) {
        Log.v(this, "onFailedOutgoingCall, call: %s", call);

        markCallAsRemoved(call);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccessfulIncomingCall(Call incomingCall) {
        Log.d(this, "onSuccessfulIncomingCall");
        if (incomingCall.hasProperty(Connection.PROPERTY_EMERGENCY_CALLBACK_MODE)) {
            Log.i(this, "Skipping call filtering due to ECBM");
            onCallFilteringComplete(incomingCall, new CallFilteringResult(true, false, true, true));
            return;
        }

        List<IncomingCallFilter.CallFilter> filters = new ArrayList<>();
        filters.add(new DirectToVoicemailCallFilter(mCallerInfoLookupHelper));
        filters.add(new AsyncBlockCheckFilter(mContext, new BlockCheckerAdapter()));
        filters.add(new CallScreeningServiceFilter(mContext, this, mPhoneAccountRegistrar,
                mDefaultDialerCache, new ParcelableCallUtils.Converter(), mLock));
        new IncomingCallFilter(mContext, this, incomingCall, mLock,
                mTimeoutsAdapter, filters).performFiltering();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCallFilteringComplete(Call incomingCall, CallFilteringResult result) {
        // Only set the incoming call as ringing if it isn't already disconnected. It is possible
        // that the connection service disconnected the call before it was even added to Telecom, in
        // which case it makes no sense to set it back to a ringing state.
        if (incomingCall.getState() != CallState.DISCONNECTED &&
                incomingCall.getState() != CallState.DISCONNECTING) {
            setCallState(incomingCall, CallState.RINGING,
                    result.shouldAllowCall ? "successful incoming call" : "blocking call");
        } else {
            Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: call already disconnected.");
            return;
        }

        if (result.shouldAllowCall) {
            if (hasMaximumManagedRingingCalls(incomingCall)) {
                if (shouldSilenceInsteadOfReject(incomingCall)) {
                    incomingCall.silence();
                } else {
                    Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: Call rejected! " +
                            "Exceeds maximum number of ringing calls.");
                    rejectCallAndLog(incomingCall);
                }
            } else if (hasMaximumManagedDialingCalls(incomingCall)) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: Call rejected! Exceeds maximum number of " +
                        "dialing calls.");
                rejectCallAndLog(incomingCall);
            } else {
                addCall(incomingCall);
            }
        } else {
            if (result.shouldReject) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallFilteringCompleted: blocked call, rejecting.");
                incomingCall.reject(false, null);
            }
            if (result.shouldAddToCallLog) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallScreeningCompleted: blocked call, adding to call log.");
                if (result.shouldShowNotification) {
                    Log.w(this, "onCallScreeningCompleted: blocked call, showing notification.");
                }
                mCallLogManager.logCall(incomingCall, Calls.MISSED_TYPE,
                        result.shouldShowNotification);
            } else if (result.shouldShowNotification) {
                Log.i(this, "onCallScreeningCompleted: blocked call, showing notification.");
                mMissedCallNotifier.showMissedCallNotification(
                        new MissedCallNotifier.CallInfo(incomingCall));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Whether allow (silence rather than reject) the incoming call if it has a different source
     * (connection service) from the existing ringing call when reaching maximum ringing calls.
     */
    private boolean shouldSilenceInsteadOfReject(Call incomingCall) {
        if (!mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                R.bool.silence_incoming_when_different_service_and_maximum_ringing)) {
            return false;
        }

        Call ringingCall = null;

        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            // Only operate on top-level calls
            if (call.getParentCall() != null) {
                continue;
            }

            if (call.isExternalCall()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (CallState.RINGING == call.getState() &&
                    call.getConnectionService() == incomingCall.getConnectionService()) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailedIncomingCall(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.DISCONNECTED, "failed incoming call");
        call.removeListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccessfulUnknownCall(Call call, int callState) {
        setCallState(call, callState, "successful unknown call");
        Log.i(this, "onSuccessfulUnknownCall for call %s", call);
        addCall(call);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailedUnknownCall(Call call) {
        Log.i(this, "onFailedUnknownCall for call %s", call);
        setCallState(call, CallState.DISCONNECTED, "failed unknown call");
        call.removeListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRingbackRequested(Call call, boolean ringback) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onRingbackRequested(call, ringback);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onPostDialWait(Call call, String remaining) {
        mInCallController.onPostDialWait(call, remaining);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPostDialChar(final Call call, char nextChar) {
        if (PhoneNumberUtils.is12Key(nextChar)) {
            // Play tone if it is one of the dialpad digits, canceling out the previously queued
            // up stopTone runnable since playing a new tone automatically stops the previous tone.
            if (mStopTone != null) {
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStopTone.getRunnableToCancel());
                mStopTone.cancel();
            }

            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.playTone(call, nextChar);

            mStopTone = new Runnable("CM.oPDC", mLock) {
                @Override
                public void loggedRun() {
                    // Set a timeout to stop the tone in case there isn't another tone to
                    // follow.
                    mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.stopTone(call);
                }
            };
            mHandler.postDelayed(mStopTone.prepare(),
                    Timeouts.getDelayBetweenDtmfTonesMillis(mContext.getContentResolver()));
        } else if (nextChar == 0 || nextChar == TelecomManager.DTMF_CHARACTER_WAIT ||
                nextChar == TelecomManager.DTMF_CHARACTER_PAUSE) {
            // Stop the tone if a tone is playing, removing any other stopTone callbacks since
            // the previous tone is being stopped anyway.
            if (mStopTone != null) {
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mStopTone.getRunnableToCancel());
                mStopTone.cancel();
            }
            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.stopTone(call);
        } else {
            Log.w(this, "onPostDialChar: invalid value %d", nextChar);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onParentChanged(Call call) {
        // parent-child relationship affects which call should be foreground, so do an update.
        updateCanAddCall();
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onIsConferencedChanged(call);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onChildrenChanged(Call call) {
        // parent-child relationship affects which call should be foreground, so do an update.
        updateCanAddCall();
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onIsConferencedChanged(call);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onIsVoipAudioModeChanged(Call call) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onIsVoipAudioModeChanged(call);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onVideoStateChanged(Call call, int previousVideoState, int newVideoState) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onVideoStateChanged(call, previousVideoState, newVideoState);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCanceledViaNewOutgoingCallBroadcast(final Call call,
            long disconnectionTimeout) {
        mPendingCallsToDisconnect.add(call);
        mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable("CM.oCVNOCB", mLock) {
            @Override
            public void loggedRun() {
                if (mPendingCallsToDisconnect.remove(call)) {
                    Log.i(this, "Delayed disconnection of call: %s", call);
                    call.disconnect();
                }
            }
        }.prepare(), disconnectionTimeout);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Handles changes to the {@link Connection.VideoProvider} for a call.  Adds the
     * {@link CallsManager} as a listener for the {@link VideoProviderProxy} which is created
     * in {@link Call#setVideoProvider(IVideoProvider)}.  This allows the {@link CallsManager} to
     * respond to callbacks from the {@link VideoProviderProxy}.
     *
     * @param call The call.
     */
    @Override
    public void onVideoCallProviderChanged(Call call) {
        VideoProviderProxy videoProviderProxy = call.getVideoProviderProxy();

        if (videoProviderProxy == null) {
            return;
        }

        videoProviderProxy.addListener(this);
    }

    /**
     * Handles session modification requests received via the {@link TelecomVideoCallCallback} for
     * a call.  Notifies listeners of the {@link CallsManager.CallsManagerListener} of the session
     * modification request.
     *
     * @param call The call.
     * @param videoProfile The {@link VideoProfile}.
     */
    @Override
    public void onSessionModifyRequestReceived(Call call, VideoProfile videoProfile) {
        int videoState = videoProfile != null ? videoProfile.getVideoState() :
                VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
        Log.v(TAG, "onSessionModifyRequestReceived : videoProfile = " + VideoProfile
                .videoStateToString(videoState));

        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onSessionModifyRequestReceived(call, videoProfile);
        }
    }

    public Collection<Call> getCalls() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(mCalls);
    }

    /**
     * Play or stop a call hold tone for a call.  Triggered via
     * {@link Connection#sendConnectionEvent(String)} when the
     * {@link Connection#EVENT_ON_HOLD_TONE_START} event or
     * {@link Connection#EVENT_ON_HOLD_TONE_STOP} event is passed through to the
     *
     * @param call The call which requested the hold tone.
     */
    @Override
    public void onHoldToneRequested(Call call) {
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onHoldToneRequested(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A {@link Call} managed by the {@link CallsManager} has requested a handover to another
     * {@link PhoneAccount}.
     * @param call The call.
     * @param handoverTo The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to handover the call to.
     * @param videoState The desired video state of the call after handover.
     * @param extras
     */
    @Override
    public void onHandoverRequested(Call call, PhoneAccountHandle handoverTo, int videoState,
                                    Bundle extras, boolean isLegacy) {
        if (isLegacy) {
            requestHandoverViaEvents(call, handoverTo, videoState, extras);
        } else {
            requestHandover(call, handoverTo, videoState, extras);
        }
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getForegroundCall() {
        if (mCallAudioManager == null) {
            // Happens when getForegroundCall is called before full initialization.
            return null;
        }
        return mCallAudioManager.getForegroundCall();
    }

    @Override
    public UserHandle getCurrentUserHandle() {
        return mCurrentUserHandle;
    }

    public CallAudioManager getCallAudioManager() {
        return mCallAudioManager;
    }

    InCallController getInCallController() {
        return mInCallController;
    }

    EmergencyCallHelper getEmergencyCallHelper() {
        return mEmergencyCallHelper;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean hasEmergencyCall() {
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean hasOnlyDisconnectedCalls() {
        if (mCalls.size() == 0) {
            return false;
        }
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (!call.isDisconnected()) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public boolean hasVideoCall() {
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (VideoProfile.isVideo(call.getVideoState())) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public CallAudioState getAudioState() {
        return mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioState();
    }

    boolean isTtySupported() {
        return mTtyManager.isTtySupported();
    }

    int getCurrentTtyMode() {
        return mTtyManager.getCurrentTtyMode();
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public void addListener(CallsManagerListener listener) {
        mListeners.add(listener);
    }

    void removeListener(CallsManagerListener listener) {
        mListeners.remove(listener);
    }

    /**
     * Starts the process to attach the call to a connection service.
     *
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The phone account which contains the component name of the
     *        connection service to use for this call.
     * @param extras The optional extras Bundle passed with the intent used for the incoming call.
     */
    void processIncomingCallIntent(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Bundle extras) {
        Log.d(this, "processIncomingCallIntent");
        boolean isHandover = extras.getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_IS_HANDOVER);
        Uri handle = extras.getParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_CALL_ADDRESS);
        if (handle == null) {
            // Required for backwards compatibility
            handle = extras.getParcelable(TelephonyManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_NUMBER);
        }
        Call call = new Call(
                getNextCallId(),
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                handle,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                phoneAccountHandle,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_INCOMING /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                false, /* isConference */
                mClockProxy);

        // Ensure new calls related to self-managed calls/connections are set as such.  This will
        // be overridden when the actual connection is returned in startCreateConnection, however
        // doing this now ensures the logs and any other logic will treat this call as self-managed
        // from the moment it is created.
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount = mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(
                phoneAccountHandle);
        if (phoneAccount != null) {
            call.setIsSelfManaged(phoneAccount.isSelfManaged());
            if (call.isSelfManaged()) {
                // Self managed calls will always be voip audio mode.
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            } else {
                // Incoming call is managed, the active call is self-managed and can't be held.
                // We need to set extras on it to indicate whether answering will cause a
                // active self-managed call to drop.
                Call activeCall = (Call) mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.getCurrentFocusCall();
                if (activeCall != null && !canHold(activeCall) && activeCall.isSelfManaged()) {
                    Bundle dropCallExtras = new Bundle();
                    dropCallExtras.putBoolean(Connection.EXTRA_ANSWERING_DROPS_FG_CALL, true);

                    // Include the name of the app which will drop the call.
                    CharSequence droppedApp = activeCall.getTargetPhoneAccountLabel();
                    dropCallExtras.putCharSequence(
                            Connection.EXTRA_ANSWERING_DROPS_FG_CALL_APP_NAME, droppedApp);
                    Log.i(this, "Incoming managed call will drop %s call.", droppedApp);
                    call.putExtras(Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE, dropCallExtras);
                }
            }

            if (extras.getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
                Log.d(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: defaulting to voip mode for call %s",
                        call.getId());
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            }
        }
        if (extras.getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_RTT, false)) {
            if (phoneAccount != null &&
                    phoneAccount.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_RTT)) {
                call.setRttStreams(true);
            }
        }
        // If the extras specifies a video state, set it on the call if the PhoneAccount supports
        // video.
        int videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
        if (extras.containsKey(TelecomManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_VIDEO_STATE) &&
                phoneAccount != null && phoneAccount.hasCapabilities(
                        PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
            videoState = extras.getInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_INCOMING_VIDEO_STATE);
            call.setVideoState(videoState);
        }

        call.initAnalytics();
        if (getForegroundCall() != null) {
            getForegroundCall().getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
            call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
        }
        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);
        // TODO: Move this to be a part of addCall()
        call.addListener(this);

        boolean isHandoverAllowed = true;
        if (isHandover) {
            if (!isHandoverInProgress() &&
                    isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(phoneAccountHandle)) {
                final String handleScheme = handle.getSchemeSpecificPart();
                Call fromCall = mCalls.stream()
                        .filter((c) -> mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter.isSamePhoneNumber(
                                c.getHandle().getSchemeSpecificPart(), handleScheme))
                        .findFirst()
                        .orElse(null);
                if (fromCall != null) {
                    if (!isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(fromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount())) {
                        Log.w(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: From account doesn't support " +
                                "handover.");
                        isHandoverAllowed = false;
                    }
                } else {
                    Log.w(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: handover fail; can't find from call.");
                    isHandoverAllowed = false;
                }

                if (isHandoverAllowed) {
                    // Link the calls so we know we're handing over.
                    fromCall.setHandoverDestinationCall(call);
                    call.setHandoverSourceCall(fromCall);
                    call.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED);
                    fromCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED);
                    Log.addEvent(fromCall, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                            "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", fromCall.getId(), call.getId());
                    Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                            "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", fromCall.getId(), call.getId());
                    if (isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls() && VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState)) {
                        // Ensure when the call goes active that it will go to speakerphone if the
                        // handover to call is a video call.
                        call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(true);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Log.w(this, "processIncomingCallIntent: To account doesn't support handover.");
            }
        }

        if (!isHandoverAllowed || (call.isSelfManaged() && !isIncomingCallPermitted(call,
                call.getTargetPhoneAccount()))) {
            notifyCreateConnectionFailed(phoneAccountHandle, call);
        } else {
            call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
        }
    }

    void addNewUnknownCall(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Bundle extras) {
        Uri handle = extras.getParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_UNKNOWN_CALL_HANDLE);
        Log.i(this, "addNewUnknownCall with handle: %s", Log.pii(handle));
        Call call = new Call(
                getNextCallId(),
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                handle,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                phoneAccountHandle,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_UNKNOWN /* callDirection */,
                // Use onCreateIncomingConnection in TelephonyConnectionService, so that we attach
                // to the existing connection instead of trying to create a new one.
                true /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                false, /* isConference */
                mClockProxy);
        call.initAnalytics();

        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);
        call.addListener(this);
        call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
    }

    private boolean areHandlesEqual(Uri handle1, Uri handle2) {
        if (handle1 == null || handle2 == null) {
            return handle1 == handle2;
        }

        if (!TextUtils.equals(handle1.getScheme(), handle2.getScheme())) {
            return false;
        }

        final String number1 = PhoneNumberUtils.normalizeNumber(handle1.getSchemeSpecificPart());
        final String number2 = PhoneNumberUtils.normalizeNumber(handle2.getSchemeSpecificPart());
        return TextUtils.equals(number1, number2);
    }

    private Call reuseOutgoingCall(Uri handle) {
        // Check to see if we can reuse any of the calls that are waiting to disconnect.
        // See {@link Call#abort} and {@link #onCanceledViaNewOutgoingCall} for more information.
        Call reusedCall = null;
        for (Iterator<Call> callIter = mPendingCallsToDisconnect.iterator(); callIter.hasNext();) {
            Call pendingCall = callIter.next();
            if (reusedCall == null && areHandlesEqual(pendingCall.getHandle(), handle)) {
                callIter.remove();
                Log.i(this, "Reusing disconnected call %s", pendingCall);
                reusedCall = pendingCall;
            } else {
                Log.i(this, "Not reusing disconnected call %s", pendingCall);
                callIter.remove();
                pendingCall.disconnect();
            }
        }

        return reusedCall;
    }

    /**
     * Kicks off the first steps to creating an outgoing call.
     *
     * For managed connections, this is the first step to launching the Incall UI.
     * For self-managed connections, we don't expect the Incall UI to launch, but this is still a
     * first step in getting the self-managed ConnectionService to create the connection.
     * @param handle Handle to connect the call with.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The phone account which contains the component name of the
     *        connection service to use for this call.
     * @param extras The optional extras Bundle passed with the intent used for the incoming call.
     * @param initiatingUser {@link UserHandle} of user that place the outgoing call.
     * @param originalIntent
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call startOutgoingCall(Uri handle, PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Bundle extras,
            UserHandle initiatingUser, Intent originalIntent) {
        boolean isReusedCall = true;
        Call call = reuseOutgoingCall(handle);

        PhoneAccount account =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);
        boolean isSelfManaged = account != null && account.isSelfManaged();

        // Create a call with original handle. The handle may be changed when the call is attached
        // to a connection service, but in most cases will remain the same.
        if (call == null) {
            call = new Call(getNextCallId(), mContext,
                    this,
                    mLock,
                    mConnectionServiceRepository,
                    mContactsAsyncHelper,
                    mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                    mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                    handle,
                    null /* gatewayInfo */,
                    null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                    null /* phoneAccountHandle */,
                    Call.CALL_DIRECTION_OUTGOING /* callDirection */,
                    false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                    false, /* isConference */
                    mClockProxy);
            call.initAnalytics();

            // Ensure new calls related to self-managed calls/connections are set as such.  This
            // will be overridden when the actual connection is returned in startCreateConnection,
            // however doing this now ensures the logs and any other logic will treat this call as
            // self-managed from the moment it is created.
            call.setIsSelfManaged(isSelfManaged);
            if (isSelfManaged) {
                // Self-managed calls will ALWAYS use voip audio mode.
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            }
            call.setInitiatingUser(initiatingUser);
            isReusedCall = false;
        }

        int videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
        if (extras != null) {
            // Set the video state on the call early so that when it is added to the InCall UI the
            // UI knows to configure itself as a video call immediately.
            videoState = extras.getInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_VIDEO_STATE,
                    VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY);

            // If this is an emergency video call, we need to check if the phone account supports
            // emergency video calling.
            // Also, ensure we don't try to place an outgoing call with video if video is not
            // supported.
            if (VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState)) {
                if (call.isEmergencyCall() && account != null &&
                        !account.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_EMERGENCY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
                    // Phone account doesn't support emergency video calling, so fallback to
                    // audio-only now to prevent the InCall UI from setting up video surfaces
                    // needlessly.
                    Log.i(this, "startOutgoingCall - emergency video calls not supported; " +
                            "falling back to audio-only");
                    videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
                } else if (account != null &&
                        !account.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
                    // Phone account doesn't support video calling, so fallback to audio-only.
                    Log.i(this, "startOutgoingCall - video calls not supported; fallback to " +
                            "audio-only.");
                    videoState = VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY;
                }
            }

            call.setVideoState(videoState);
        }

        List<PhoneAccountHandle> potentialPhoneAccounts = findOutgoingCallPhoneAccount(
                phoneAccountHandle, handle, VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState), initiatingUser);
        if (potentialPhoneAccounts.size() == 1) {
            phoneAccountHandle = potentialPhoneAccounts.get(0);
        } else {
            phoneAccountHandle = null;
        }
        call.setTargetPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle);

        boolean isPotentialInCallMMICode = isPotentialInCallMMICode(handle) && !isSelfManaged;

        // Do not support any more live calls.  Our options are to move a call to hold, disconnect
        // a call, or cancel this call altogether. If a call is being reused, then it has already
        // passed the makeRoomForOutgoingCall check once and will fail the second time due to the
        // call transitioning into the CONNECTING state.
        if (!isPotentialInCallMMICode && (!isReusedCall
                && !makeRoomForOutgoingCall(call, call.isEmergencyCall()))) {
            Call foregroundCall = getForegroundCall();
            Log.d(this, "No more room for outgoing call %s ", call);
            if (foregroundCall.isSelfManaged()) {
                // If the ongoing call is a self-managed call, then prompt the user to ask if they'd
                // like to disconnect their ongoing call and place the outgoing call.
                call.setOriginalCallIntent(originalIntent);
                startCallConfirmation(call);
            } else {
                // If the ongoing call is a managed call, we will prevent the outgoing call from
                // dialing.
                notifyCreateConnectionFailed(call.getTargetPhoneAccount(), call);
            }
            return null;
        }

        // The outgoing call can be placed, go forward.

        boolean needsAccountSelection =
                phoneAccountHandle == null && potentialPhoneAccounts.size() > 1
                        && !call.isEmergencyCall() && !isSelfManaged;
        if (needsAccountSelection) {
            // This is the state where the user is expected to select an account
            call.setState(CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT, "needs account selection");
            // Create our own instance to modify (since extras may be Bundle.EMPTY)
            extras = new Bundle(extras);
            extras.putParcelableList(android.telecom.Call.AVAILABLE_PHONE_ACCOUNTS,
                    potentialPhoneAccounts);
        } else {
            PhoneAccount accountToUse =
                    mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);
            if (accountToUse != null && accountToUse.getExtras() != null) {
                if (accountToUse.getExtras()
                        .getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
                    Log.d(this, "startOutgoingCall: defaulting to voip mode for call %s",
                            call.getId());
                    call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
                }
            }

            call.setState(
                    CallState.CONNECTING,
                    phoneAccountHandle == null ? "no-handle" : phoneAccountHandle.toString());

            if (extras != null
                    && extras.getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_RTT, false)) {
                if (accountToUse != null
                        && accountToUse.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_RTT)) {
                    call.setRttStreams(true);
                }
            }
        }
        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);

        if ((isPotentialMMICode(handle) || isPotentialInCallMMICode) && !needsAccountSelection) {
            // Do not add the call if it is a potential MMI code.
            call.addListener(this);
        } else if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            // We check if mCalls already contains the call because we could potentially be reusing
            // a call which was previously added (See {@link #reuseOutgoingCall}).
            addCall(call);
        }

        return call;
    }

    /**
     * Finds the {@link PhoneAccountHandle}(s) which could potentially be used to place an outgoing
     * call.  Takes into account the following:
     * 1. Any pre-chosen {@link PhoneAccountHandle} which was specified on the
     * {@link Intent#ACTION_CALL} intent.  If one was chosen it will be used if possible.
     * 2. Whether the call is a video call.  If the call being placed is a video call, an attempt is
     * first made to consider video capable phone accounts.  If no video capable phone accounts are
     * found, the usual non-video capable phone accounts will be considered.
     * 3. Whether there is a user-chosen default phone account; that one will be used if possible.
     *
     * @param targetPhoneAccountHandle The pre-chosen {@link PhoneAccountHandle} passed in when the
     *                                 call was placed.  Will be {@code null} if the
     *                                 {@link Intent#ACTION_CALL} intent did not specify a target
     *                                 phone account.
     * @param handle The handle of the outgoing call; used to determine the SIP scheme when matching
     *               phone accounts.
     * @param isVideo {@code true} if the call is a video call, {@code false} otherwise.
     * @param initiatingUser The {@link UserHandle} the call is placed on.
     * @return
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public List<PhoneAccountHandle> findOutgoingCallPhoneAccount(
            PhoneAccountHandle targetPhoneAccountHandle, Uri handle, boolean isVideo,
            UserHandle initiatingUser) {
        boolean isSelfManaged = isSelfManaged(targetPhoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);

        List<PhoneAccountHandle> accounts;
        if (!isSelfManaged) {
            // Try to find a potential phone account, taking into account whether this is a video
            // call.
            accounts = constructPossiblePhoneAccounts(handle, initiatingUser, isVideo);
            if (isVideo && accounts.size() == 0) {
                // Placing a video call but no video capable accounts were found, so consider any
                // call capable accounts (we can fallback to audio).
                accounts = constructPossiblePhoneAccounts(handle, initiatingUser,
                        false /* isVideo */);
            }
            Log.v(this, "findOutgoingCallPhoneAccount: accounts = " + accounts);

            // Only dial with the requested phoneAccount if it is still valid. Otherwise treat this
            // call as if a phoneAccount was not specified (does the default behavior instead).
            // Note: We will not attempt to dial with a requested phoneAccount if it is disabled.
            if (targetPhoneAccountHandle != null) {
                if (!accounts.contains(targetPhoneAccountHandle)) {
                    targetPhoneAccountHandle = null;
                } else {
                    // The target phone account is valid and was found.
                    return Arrays.asList(targetPhoneAccountHandle);
                }
            }

            if (targetPhoneAccountHandle == null && accounts.size() > 0) {
                // No preset account, check if default exists that supports the URI scheme for the
                // handle and verify it can be used.
                if (accounts.size() > 1) {
                    PhoneAccountHandle defaultPhoneAccountHandle =
                            mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getOutgoingPhoneAccountForScheme(
                                    handle.getScheme(), initiatingUser);
                    if (defaultPhoneAccountHandle != null &&
                            accounts.contains(defaultPhoneAccountHandle)) {
                        accounts.clear();
                        accounts.add(defaultPhoneAccountHandle);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Self-managed ConnectionServices can only have a single potential account.
            accounts = Arrays.asList(targetPhoneAccountHandle);
        }
        return accounts;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if a {@link PhoneAccountHandle} is for a self-managed ConnectionService.
     * @param targetPhoneAccountHandle The phone account to check.
     * @param initiatingUser The user associated with the account.
     * @return {@code true} if the phone account is self-managed, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isSelfManaged(PhoneAccountHandle targetPhoneAccountHandle,
            UserHandle initiatingUser) {
        PhoneAccount targetPhoneAccount = mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(
                targetPhoneAccountHandle, initiatingUser);
        return targetPhoneAccount != null && targetPhoneAccount.isSelfManaged();
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to issue/connect the specified call.
     *
     * @param handle Handle to connect the call with.
     * @param gatewayInfo Optional gateway information that can be used to route the call to the
     *        actual dialed handle via a gateway provider. May be null.
     * @param speakerphoneOn Whether or not to turn the speakerphone on once the call connects.
     * @param videoState The desired video state for the outgoing call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void placeOutgoingCall(Call call, Uri handle, GatewayInfo gatewayInfo,
            boolean speakerphoneOn, int videoState) {
        if (call == null) {
            // don't do anything if the call no longer exists
            Log.i(this, "Canceling unknown call.");
            return;
        }

        final Uri uriHandle = (gatewayInfo == null) ? handle : gatewayInfo.getGatewayAddress();

        if (gatewayInfo == null) {
            Log.i(this, "Creating a new outgoing call with handle: %s", Log.piiHandle(uriHandle));
        } else {
            Log.i(this, "Creating a new outgoing call with gateway handle: %s, original handle: %s",
                    Log.pii(uriHandle), Log.pii(handle));
        }

        call.setHandle(uriHandle);
        call.setGatewayInfo(gatewayInfo);

        final boolean useSpeakerWhenDocked = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                R.bool.use_speaker_when_docked);
        final boolean useSpeakerForDock = isSpeakerphoneEnabledForDock();
        final boolean useSpeakerForVideoCall = isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(videoState);

        // Auto-enable speakerphone if the originating intent specified to do so, if the call
        // is a video call, of if using speaker when docked
        call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(speakerphoneOn || useSpeakerForVideoCall
                || (useSpeakerWhenDocked && useSpeakerForDock));
        call.setVideoState(videoState);

        if (speakerphoneOn) {
            Log.i(this, "%s Starting with speakerphone as requested", call);
        } else if (useSpeakerWhenDocked && useSpeakerForDock) {
            Log.i(this, "%s Starting with speakerphone because car is docked.", call);
        } else if (useSpeakerForVideoCall) {
            Log.i(this, "%s Starting with speakerphone because its a video call.", call);
        }

        if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
            new AsyncEmergencyContactNotifier(mContext).execute();
        }

        final boolean requireCallCapableAccountByHandle = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_requireCallCapableAccountForHandle);
        final boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted = isOutgoingCallPermitted(call,
                call.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        if (call.getTargetPhoneAccount() != null || call.isEmergencyCall()) {
            // If the account has been set, proceed to place the outgoing call.
            // Otherwise the connection will be initiated when the account is set by the user.
            if (call.isSelfManaged() && !isOutgoingCallPermitted) {
                notifyCreateConnectionFailed(call.getTargetPhoneAccount(), call);
            } else {
                if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                    // Disconnect calls from other ConnectionServices other than the one the
                    // emergency call targets.
                    // Except, do not disconnect calls from the Connection Manager's
                    // ConnectionService.
                    disconnectCallsHaveDifferentConnectionService(call);
                }

                call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
            }
        } else if (mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getCallCapablePhoneAccounts(
                requireCallCapableAccountByHandle ? call.getHandle().getScheme() : null, false,
                call.getInitiatingUser()).isEmpty()) {
            // If there are no call capable accounts, disconnect the call.
            markCallAsDisconnected(call, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.CANCELED,
                    "No registered PhoneAccounts"));
            markCallAsRemoved(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to start a conference call for the specified call.
     *
     * @param call The call to conference.
     * @param otherCall The other call to conference with.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void conference(Call call, Call otherCall) {
        call.conferenceWith(otherCall);
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to answer the specified call. Intended to be invoked by the in-call
     * app through {@link InCallAdapter} after Telecom notifies it of an incoming call followed by
     * the user opting to answer said call.
     *
     * @param call The call to answer.
     * @param videoState The video state in which to answer the call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void answerCall(Call call, int videoState) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to answer a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            // Hold or disconnect the active call and request call focus for the incoming call.
            Call activeCall = (Call) mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.getCurrentFocusCall();
            Log.d(this, "Incoming call = %s Ongoing call %s", call, activeCall);
            if (activeCall != null && activeCall != call) {
                // Hold the telephony call even if it doesn't have the hold capability.
                if (canHold(activeCall)) {
                    Log.d(this, "Answer %s, hold %s", call, activeCall);
                    activeCall.hold();
                } else {
                    // This call does not support hold. If it is from a different connection
                    // service, then disconnect it, otherwise allow the connection service to
                    // figure out the right states.
                    if (activeCall.getConnectionService() != call.getConnectionService()) {
                        activeCall.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }

            mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.requestFocus(
                    call,
                    new RequestCallback(new ActionAnswerCall(call, videoState)));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the speakerphone should be automatically enabled for the call.  Speakerphone
     * should be enabled if the call is a video call and bluetooth or the wired headset are not in
     * use.
     *
     * @param videoState The video state of the call.
     * @return {@code true} if the speakerphone should be enabled.
     */
    public boolean isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(int videoState) {
        return VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState) &&
            !mWiredHeadsetManager.isPluggedIn() &&
            !mBluetoothRouteManager.isBluetoothAvailable() &&
            isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the speakerphone should be enabled for when docked.  Speakerphone
     * should be enabled if the device is docked and bluetooth or the wired headset are
     * not in use.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the speakerphone should be enabled for the dock.
     */
    private boolean isSpeakerphoneEnabledForDock() {
        return mDockManager.isDocked() &&
            !mWiredHeadsetManager.isPluggedIn() &&
            !mBluetoothRouteManager.isBluetoothAvailable();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the speakerphone should be automatically enabled for video calls.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the speakerphone should automatically be enabled.
     */
    private static boolean isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls() {
        return (SystemProperties.getInt(TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_VIDEOCALL_AUDIO_OUTPUT,
                PhoneConstants.AUDIO_OUTPUT_DEFAULT) ==
                PhoneConstants.AUDIO_OUTPUT_ENABLE_SPEAKER);
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to reject the specified call. Intended to be invoked by the in-call
     * app through {@link InCallAdapter} after Telecom notifies it of an incoming call followed by
     * the user opting to reject said call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void rejectCall(Call call, boolean rejectWithMessage, String textMessage) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to reject a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                listener.onIncomingCallRejected(call, rejectWithMessage, textMessage);
            }
            call.reject(rejectWithMessage, textMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to play the specified DTMF tone within the specified call.
     *
     * @param digit The DTMF digit to play.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void playDtmfTone(Call call, char digit) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to play DTMF in a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            if (call.getState() != CallState.ON_HOLD) {
                call.playDtmfTone(digit);
                mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.playTone(call, digit);
            } else {
                Log.i(this, "Request to play DTMF tone for held call %s", call.getId());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to stop the currently playing DTMF tone, if any.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void stopDtmfTone(Call call) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to stop DTMF in a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.stopDtmfTone();
            mDtmfLocalTonePlayer.stopTone(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to continue (or not) the current post-dial DTMF string, if any.
     */
    void postDialContinue(Call call, boolean proceed) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Request to continue post-dial string in a non-existent call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.postDialContinue(proceed);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to disconnect the specified call. Intended to be invoked by the
     * in-call app through {@link InCallAdapter} for an ongoing call. This is usually triggered by
     * the user hitting the end-call button.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void disconnectCall(Call call) {
        Log.v(this, "disconnectCall %s", call);

        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.w(this, "Unknown call (%s) asked to disconnect", call);
        } else {
            mLocallyDisconnectingCalls.add(call);
            call.disconnect();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to disconnect all calls.
     */
    void disconnectAllCalls() {
        Log.v(this, "disconnectAllCalls");

        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            disconnectCall(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects calls for any other {@link PhoneAccountHandle} but the one specified.
     * Note: As a protective measure, will NEVER disconnect an emergency call.  Although that
     * situation should never arise, its a good safeguard.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle Calls owned by {@link PhoneAccountHandle}s other than this one will
     *                          be disconnected.
     */
    private void disconnectOtherCalls(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        mCalls.stream()
                .filter(c -> !c.isEmergencyCall() &&
                        !c.getTargetPhoneAccount().equals(phoneAccountHandle))
                .forEach(c -> disconnectCall(c));
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to put the specified call on hold. Intended to be invoked by the
     * in-call app through {@link InCallAdapter} for an ongoing call. This is usually triggered by
     * the user hitting the hold button during an active call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void holdCall(Call call) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.w(this, "Unknown call (%s) asked to be put on hold", call);
        } else {
            Log.d(this, "Putting call on hold: (%s)", call);
            call.hold();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Instructs Telecom to release the specified call from hold. Intended to be invoked by
     * the in-call app through {@link InCallAdapter} for an ongoing call. This is usually triggered
     * by the user hitting the hold button during a held call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void unholdCall(Call call) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.w(this, "Unknown call (%s) asked to be removed from hold", call);
        } else {
            Call activeCall = (Call) mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.getCurrentFocusCall();
            if (activeCall != null) {
                if (canHold(activeCall)) {
                    activeCall.hold();
                    Log.addEvent(activeCall, LogUtils.Events.SWAP);
                    Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.SWAP);
                } else {
                    // This call does not support hold. If it is from a different connection
                    // service, then disconnect it, otherwise invoke call.hold() and allow the
                    // connection service to handle the situation.
                    if (activeCall.getConnectionService() != call.getConnectionService()) {
                        activeCall.disconnect();
                    } else {
                        activeCall.hold();
                    }
                }
            }
            mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.requestFocus(
                    call,
                    new RequestCallback(new ActionUnHoldCall(call)));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onExtrasRemoved(Call c, int source, List<String> keys) {
        if (source != Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE) {
            return;
        }
        updateCanAddCall();
    }

    @Override
    public void onExtrasChanged(Call c, int source, Bundle extras) {
        if (source != Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE) {
            return;
        }
        handleCallTechnologyChange(c);
        handleChildAddressChange(c);
        updateCanAddCall();
    }

    // Construct the list of possible PhoneAccounts that the outgoing call can use based on the
    // active calls in CallsManager. If any of the active calls are on a SIM based PhoneAccount,
    // then include only that SIM based PhoneAccount and any non-SIM PhoneAccounts, such as SIP.
    @VisibleForTesting
    public List<PhoneAccountHandle> constructPossiblePhoneAccounts(Uri handle, UserHandle user,
            boolean isVideo) {
        if (handle == null) {
            return Collections.emptyList();
        }
        // If we're specifically looking for video capable accounts, then include that capability,
        // otherwise specify no additional capability constraints.
        List<PhoneAccountHandle> allAccounts =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getCallCapablePhoneAccounts(handle.getScheme(), false, user,
                        isVideo ? PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING : 0 /* any */);
        // First check the Radio SIM Technology
        if(mRadioSimVariants == null) {
            TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) mContext.getSystemService(
                    Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
            // Cache Sim Variants
            mRadioSimVariants = tm.getMultiSimConfiguration();
        }
        // Only one SIM PhoneAccount can be active at one time for DSDS. Only that SIM PhoneAccount
        // Should be available if a call is already active on the SIM account.
        if(mRadioSimVariants != TelephonyManager.MultiSimVariants.DSDA) {
            List<PhoneAccountHandle> simAccounts =
                    mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getSimPhoneAccountsOfCurrentUser();
            PhoneAccountHandle ongoingCallAccount = null;
            for (Call c : mCalls) {
                if (!c.isDisconnected() && !c.isNew() && simAccounts.contains(
                        c.getTargetPhoneAccount())) {
                    ongoingCallAccount = c.getTargetPhoneAccount();
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (ongoingCallAccount != null) {
                // Remove all SIM accounts that are not the active SIM from the list.
                simAccounts.remove(ongoingCallAccount);
                allAccounts.removeAll(simAccounts);
            }
        }
        return allAccounts;
    }

    /**
     * Informs listeners (notably {@link CallAudioManager} of a change to the call's external
     * property.
     * .
     * @param call The call whose external property changed.
     * @param isExternalCall {@code True} if the call is now external, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    @Override
    public void onExternalCallChanged(Call call, boolean isExternalCall) {
        Log.v(this, "onConnectionPropertiesChanged: %b", isExternalCall);
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onExternalCallChanged(call, isExternalCall);
        }
    }

    private void handleCallTechnologyChange(Call call) {
        if (call.getExtras() != null
                && call.getExtras().containsKey(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TECHNOLOGY_TYPE)) {

            Integer analyticsCallTechnology = sAnalyticsTechnologyMap.get(
                    call.getExtras().getInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TECHNOLOGY_TYPE));
            if (analyticsCallTechnology == null) {
                analyticsCallTechnology = Analytics.THIRD_PARTY_PHONE;
            }
            call.getAnalytics().addCallTechnology(analyticsCallTechnology);
        }
    }

    public void handleChildAddressChange(Call call) {
        if (call.getExtras() != null
                && call.getExtras().containsKey(Connection.EXTRA_CHILD_ADDRESS)) {

            String viaNumber = call.getExtras().getString(Connection.EXTRA_CHILD_ADDRESS);
            call.setViaNumber(viaNumber);
        }
    }

    /** Called by the in-call UI to change the mute state. */
    void mute(boolean shouldMute) {
        mCallAudioManager.mute(shouldMute);
    }

    /**
      * Called by the in-call UI to change the audio route, for example to change from earpiece to
      * speaker phone.
      */
    void setAudioRoute(int route, String bluetoothAddress) {
        mCallAudioManager.setAudioRoute(route, bluetoothAddress);
    }

    /** Called by the in-call UI to turn the proximity sensor on. */
    void turnOnProximitySensor() {
        mProximitySensorManager.turnOn();
    }

    /**
     * Called by the in-call UI to turn the proximity sensor off.
     * @param screenOnImmediately If true, the screen will be turned on immediately. Otherwise,
     *        the screen will be kept off until the proximity sensor goes negative.
     */
    void turnOffProximitySensor(boolean screenOnImmediately) {
        mProximitySensorManager.turnOff(screenOnImmediately);
    }

    void phoneAccountSelected(Call call, PhoneAccountHandle account, boolean setDefault) {
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            Log.i(this, "Attempted to add account to unknown call %s", call);
        } else {
            call.setTargetPhoneAccount(account);
            PhoneAccount realPhoneAccount =
                    mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(account);
            if (realPhoneAccount != null && realPhoneAccount.getExtras() != null
                    && realPhoneAccount.getExtras()
                    .getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
                Log.d("phoneAccountSelected: default to voip mode for call %s", call.getId());
                call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
            }
            if (call.getIntentExtras()
                    .getBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_RTT, false)) {
                if (realPhoneAccount != null
                        && realPhoneAccount.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_RTT)) {
                    call.setRttStreams(true);
                }
            }

            if (!call.isNewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcastDone()) {
                return;
            }

            // Note: emergency calls never go through account selection dialog so they never
            // arrive here.
            if (makeRoomForOutgoingCall(call, false /* isEmergencyCall */)) {
                call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
            } else {
                call.disconnect();
            }

            if (setDefault) {
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar
                        .setUserSelectedOutgoingPhoneAccount(account, call.getInitiatingUser());
            }
        }
    }

    /** Called when the audio state changes. */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void onCallAudioStateChanged(CallAudioState oldAudioState, CallAudioState
            newAudioState) {
        Log.v(this, "onAudioStateChanged, audioState: %s -> %s", oldAudioState, newAudioState);
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onCallAudioStateChanged(oldAudioState, newAudioState);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called when disconnect tone is started or stopped, including any InCallTone
     * after disconnected call.
     *
     * @param isTonePlaying true if the disconnected tone is started, otherwise the disconnected
     * tone is stopped.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void onDisconnectedTonePlaying(boolean isTonePlaying) {
        Log.v(this, "onDisconnectedTonePlaying, %s", isTonePlaying ? "started" : "stopped");
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            listener.onDisconnectedTonePlaying(isTonePlaying);
        }
    }

    void markCallAsRinging(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.RINGING, "ringing set explicitly");
    }

    void markCallAsDialing(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.DIALING, "dialing set explicitly");
        maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(call);
    }

    void markCallAsPulling(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.PULLING, "pulling set explicitly");
        maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(call);
    }

    void markCallAsActive(Call call) {
        if (call.isSelfManaged()) {
            // backward compatibility, the self-managed connection service will set the call state
            // to active directly. We should request the call focus for self-managed call before
            // the state change
            mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.requestFocus(
                    call,
                    new RequestCallback(new ActionSetCallState(
                            call,
                            CallState.ACTIVE,
                            "active set explicitly for self-managed")));
        } else {
            setCallState(call, CallState.ACTIVE, "active set explicitly");
            maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(call);
        }
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public void markCallAsOnHold(Call call) {
        setCallState(call, CallState.ON_HOLD, "on-hold set explicitly");
    }

    /**
     * Marks the specified call as STATE_DISCONNECTED and notifies the in-call app. If this was the
     * last live call, then also disconnect from the in-call controller.
     *
     * @param disconnectCause The disconnect cause, see {@link android.telecom.DisconnectCause}.
     */
    void markCallAsDisconnected(Call call, DisconnectCause disconnectCause) {
        call.setDisconnectCause(disconnectCause);
        setCallState(call, CallState.DISCONNECTED, "disconnected set explicitly");
    }

    /**
     * Removes an existing disconnected call, and notifies the in-call app.
     */
    void markCallAsRemoved(Call call) {
        call.maybeCleanupHandover();
        removeCall(call);
        Call foregroundCall = mCallAudioManager.getPossiblyHeldForegroundCall();
        if (mLocallyDisconnectingCalls.contains(call)) {
            boolean isDisconnectingChildCall = call.isDisconnectingChildCall();
            Log.v(this, "markCallAsRemoved: isDisconnectingChildCall = "
                + isDisconnectingChildCall + "call -> %s", call);
            mLocallyDisconnectingCalls.remove(call);
            // Auto-unhold the foreground call due to a locally disconnected call, except if the
            // call which was disconnected is a member of a conference (don't want to auto un-hold
            // the conference if we remove a member of the conference).
            if (!isDisconnectingChildCall && foregroundCall != null
                    && foregroundCall.getState() == CallState.ON_HOLD) {
                foregroundCall.unhold();
            }
        } else if (foregroundCall != null &&
                !foregroundCall.can(Connection.CAPABILITY_SUPPORT_HOLD)  &&
                foregroundCall.getState() == CallState.ON_HOLD) {

            // The new foreground call is on hold, however the carrier does not display the hold
            // button in the UI.  Therefore, we need to auto unhold the held call since the user has
            // no means of unholding it themselves.
            Log.i(this, "Auto-unholding held foreground call (call doesn't support hold)");
            foregroundCall.unhold();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Given a call, marks the call as disconnected and removes it.  Set the error message to
     * indicate to the user that the call cannot me placed due to an ongoing call in another app.
     *
     * Used when there are ongoing self-managed calls and the user tries to make an outgoing managed
     * call.  Called by {@link #startCallConfirmation(Call)} when the user is already confirming an
     * outgoing call.  Realistically this should almost never be called since in practice the user
     * won't make multiple outgoing calls at the same time.
     *
     * @param call The call to mark as disconnected.
     */
    void markCallDisconnectedDueToSelfManagedCall(Call call) {
        Call activeCall = getActiveCall();
        CharSequence errorMessage;
        if (activeCall == null) {
            // Realistically this shouldn't happen, but best to handle gracefully
            errorMessage = mContext.getText(R.string.cant_call_due_to_ongoing_unknown_call);
        } else {
            errorMessage = mContext.getString(R.string.cant_call_due_to_ongoing_call,
                    activeCall.getTargetPhoneAccountLabel());
        }
        // Call is managed and there are ongoing self-managed calls.
        markCallAsDisconnected(call, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.ERROR,
                errorMessage, errorMessage, "Ongoing call in another app."));
        markCallAsRemoved(call);
    }

    /**
     * Cleans up any calls currently associated with the specified connection service when the
     * service binder disconnects unexpectedly.
     *
     * @param service The connection service that disconnected.
     */
    void handleConnectionServiceDeath(ConnectionServiceWrapper service) {
        if (service != null) {
            Log.i(this, "handleConnectionServiceDeath: service %s died", service);
            for (Call call : mCalls) {
                if (call.getConnectionService() == service) {
                    if (call.getState() != CallState.DISCONNECTED) {
                        markCallAsDisconnected(call, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.ERROR,
                                "CS_DEATH"));
                    }
                    markCallAsRemoved(call);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the {@link CallsManager} has any non-external calls.
     *
     * @return {@code True} if there are any non-external calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    boolean hasAnyCalls() {
        if (mCalls.isEmpty()) {
            return false;
        }

        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (!call.isExternalCall()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    boolean hasActiveOrHoldingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.ACTIVE, CallState.ON_HOLD) != null;
    }

    boolean hasRingingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING) != null;
    }

    boolean onMediaButton(int type) {
        if (hasAnyCalls()) {
            Call ringingCall = getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING);
            if (HeadsetMediaButton.SHORT_PRESS == type) {
                if (ringingCall == null) {
                    Call callToHangup = getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING, CallState.DIALING,
                            CallState.PULLING, CallState.ACTIVE, CallState.ON_HOLD);
                    Log.addEvent(callToHangup, LogUtils.Events.INFO,
                            "media btn short press - end call.");
                    if (callToHangup != null) {
                        disconnectCall(callToHangup);
                        return true;
                    }
                } else {
                    ringingCall.answer(VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY);
                    return true;
                }
            } else if (HeadsetMediaButton.LONG_PRESS == type) {
                if (ringingCall != null) {
                    Log.addEvent(getForegroundCall(),
                            LogUtils.Events.INFO, "media btn long press - reject");
                    ringingCall.reject(false, null);
                } else {
                    Log.addEvent(getForegroundCall(), LogUtils.Events.INFO,
                            "media btn long press - mute");
                    mCallAudioManager.toggleMute();
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if telecom supports adding another top-level call.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public boolean canAddCall() {
        boolean isDeviceProvisioned = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Global.DEVICE_PROVISIONED, 0) != 0;
        if (!isDeviceProvisioned) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Device not provisioned, canAddCall is false.");
            return false;
        }

        if (getFirstCallWithState(OUTGOING_CALL_STATES) != null) {
            return false;
        }

        int count = 0;
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                // We never support add call if one of the calls is an emergency call.
                return false;
            } else if (call.isExternalCall()) {
                // External calls don't count.
                continue;
            } else if (call.getParentCall() == null) {
                count++;
            }
            Bundle extras = call.getExtras();
            if (extras != null) {
                if (extras.getBoolean(Connection.EXTRA_DISABLE_ADD_CALL, false)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // We do not check states for canAddCall. We treat disconnected calls the same
            // and wait until they are removed instead. If we didn't count disconnected calls,
            // we could put InCallServices into a state where they are showing two calls but
            // also support add-call. Technically it's right, but overall looks better (UI-wise)
            // and acts better if we wait until the call is removed.
            if (count >= MAXIMUM_TOP_LEVEL_CALLS) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getRingingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.RINGING);
    }

    public Call getActiveCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.ACTIVE);
    }

    Call getDialingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.DIALING);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getHeldCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(CallState.ON_HOLD);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public int getNumHeldCalls() {
        int count = 0;
        for (Call call : mCalls) {
            if (call.getParentCall() == null && call.getState() == CallState.ON_HOLD) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getOutgoingCall() {
        return getFirstCallWithState(OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public Call getFirstCallWithState(int... states) {
        return getFirstCallWithState(null, states);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public PhoneNumberUtilsAdapter getPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter() {
        return mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first call that it finds with the given states. The states are treated as having
     * priority order so that any call with the first state will be returned before any call with
     * states listed later in the parameter list.
     *
     * @param callToSkip Call that this method should skip while searching
     */
    Call getFirstCallWithState(Call callToSkip, int... states) {
        for (int currentState : states) {
            // check the foreground first
            Call foregroundCall = getForegroundCall();
            if (foregroundCall != null && foregroundCall.getState() == currentState) {
                return foregroundCall;
            }

            for (Call call : mCalls) {
                if (Objects.equals(callToSkip, call)) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Only operate on top-level calls
                if (call.getParentCall() != null) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (call.isExternalCall()) {
                    continue;
                }

                if (currentState == call.getState()) {
                    return call;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    Call createConferenceCall(
            String callId,
            PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccount,
            ParcelableConference parcelableConference) {

        // If the parceled conference specifies a connect time, use it; otherwise default to 0,
        // which is the default value for new Calls.
        long connectTime =
                parcelableConference.getConnectTimeMillis() ==
                        Conference.CONNECT_TIME_NOT_SPECIFIED ? 0 :
                        parcelableConference.getConnectTimeMillis();
        long connectElapsedTime =
                parcelableConference.getConnectElapsedTimeMillis() ==
                        Conference.CONNECT_TIME_NOT_SPECIFIED ? 0 :
                        parcelableConference.getConnectElapsedTimeMillis();

        Call call = new Call(
                callId,
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                null /* handle */,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                phoneAccount,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_UNDEFINED /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                true /* isConference */,
                connectTime,
                connectElapsedTime,
                mClockProxy);

        setCallState(call, Call.getStateFromConnectionState(parcelableConference.getState()),
                "new conference call");
        call.setConnectionCapabilities(parcelableConference.getConnectionCapabilities());
        call.setConnectionProperties(parcelableConference.getConnectionProperties());
        call.setVideoState(parcelableConference.getVideoState());
        call.setVideoProvider(parcelableConference.getVideoProvider());
        call.setStatusHints(parcelableConference.getStatusHints());
        call.putExtras(Call.SOURCE_CONNECTION_SERVICE, parcelableConference.getExtras());
        // In case this Conference was added via a ConnectionManager, keep track of the original
        // Connection ID as created by the originating ConnectionService.
        Bundle extras = parcelableConference.getExtras();
        if (extras != null && extras.containsKey(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID)) {
            call.setOriginalConnectionId(extras.getString(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID));
        }

        // TODO: Move this to be a part of addCall()
        call.addListener(this);
        addCall(call);
        return call;
    }

    /**
     * @return the call state currently tracked by {@link PhoneStateBroadcaster}
     */
    int getCallState() {
        return mPhoneStateBroadcaster.getCallState();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link PhoneAccountRegistrar}.
     *
     * @return The {@link PhoneAccountRegistrar}.
     */
    PhoneAccountRegistrar getPhoneAccountRegistrar() {
        return mPhoneAccountRegistrar;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link MissedCallNotifier}
     * @return The {@link MissedCallNotifier}.
     */
    MissedCallNotifier getMissedCallNotifier() {
        return mMissedCallNotifier;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link IncomingCallNotifier}.
     * @return The {@link IncomingCallNotifier}.
     */
    IncomingCallNotifier getIncomingCallNotifier() {
        return mIncomingCallNotifier;
    }

    /**
     * Reject an incoming call and manually add it to the Call Log.
     * @param incomingCall Incoming call that has been rejected
     */
    private void rejectCallAndLog(Call incomingCall) {
        if (incomingCall.getConnectionService() != null) {
            // Only reject the call if it has not already been destroyed.  If a call ends while
            // incoming call filtering is taking place, it is possible that the call has already
            // been destroyed, and as such it will be impossible to send the reject to the
            // associated ConnectionService.
            incomingCall.reject(false, null);
        } else {
            Log.i(this, "rejectCallAndLog - call already destroyed.");
        }

        // Since the call was not added to the list of calls, we have to call the missed
        // call notifier and the call logger manually.
        // Do we need missed call notification for direct to Voicemail calls?
        mCallLogManager.logCall(incomingCall, Calls.MISSED_TYPE,
                true /*showNotificationForMissedCall*/);
    }

    /**
     * Adds the specified call to the main list of live calls.
     *
     * @param call The call to add.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void addCall(Call call) {
        Trace.beginSection("addCall");
        Log.v(this, "addCall(%s)", call);
        call.addListener(this);
        mCalls.add(call);

        // Specifies the time telecom finished routing the call. This is used by the dialer for
        // analytics.
        Bundle extras = call.getIntentExtras();
        extras.putLong(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TELECOM_ROUTING_END_TIME_MILLIS,
                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());

        updateCanAddCall();
        // onCallAdded for calls which immediately take the foreground (like the first call).
        for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
            if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " addCall");
            }
            listener.onCallAdded(call);
            if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                Trace.endSection();
            }
        }
        Trace.endSection();
    }

    private void removeCall(Call call) {
        Trace.beginSection("removeCall");
        Log.v(this, "removeCall(%s)", call);

        call.setParentAndChildCall(null);  // clean up parent relationship before destroying.
        call.removeListener(this);
        call.clearConnectionService();
        // TODO: clean up RTT pipes

        boolean shouldNotify = false;
        if (mCalls.contains(call)) {
            mCalls.remove(call);
            shouldNotify = true;
        }

        call.destroy();

        // Only broadcast changes for calls that are being tracked.
        if (shouldNotify) {
            updateCanAddCall();
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " onCallRemoved");
                }
                listener.onCallRemoved(call);
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.endSection();
                }
            }
        }
        Trace.endSection();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the specified state on the specified call.
     *
     * @param call The call.
     * @param newState The new state of the call.
     */
    private void setCallState(Call call, int newState, String tag) {
        if (call == null) {
            return;
        }
        int oldState = call.getState();
        Log.i(this, "setCallState %s -> %s, call: %s", CallState.toString(oldState),
                CallState.toString(newState), call);
        if (newState != oldState) {
            // If the call switches to held state while a DTMF tone is playing, stop the tone to
            // ensure that the tone generator stops playing the tone.
            if (newState == CallState.ON_HOLD && call.isDtmfTonePlaying()) {
                stopDtmfTone(call);
            }

            // Unfortunately, in the telephony world the radio is king. So if the call notifies
            // us that the call is in a particular state, we allow it even if it doesn't make
            // sense (e.g., STATE_ACTIVE -> STATE_RINGING).
            // TODO: Consider putting a stop to the above and turning CallState
            // into a well-defined state machine.
            // TODO: Define expected state transitions here, and log when an
            // unexpected transition occurs.
            call.setState(newState, tag);
            maybeShowErrorDialogOnDisconnect(call);

            Trace.beginSection("onCallStateChanged");

            maybeHandleHandover(call, newState);

            // Only broadcast state change for calls that are being tracked.
            if (mCalls.contains(call)) {
                updateCanAddCall();
                for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                    if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                        Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " onCallStateChanged");
                    }
                    listener.onCallStateChanged(call, oldState, newState);
                    if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                        Trace.endSection();
                    }
                }
            }
            Trace.endSection();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Identifies call state transitions for a call which trigger handover events.
     * - If this call has a handover to it which just started and this call goes active, treat
     * this as if the user accepted the handover.
     * - If this call has a handover to it which just started and this call is disconnected, treat
     * this as if the user rejected the handover.
     * - If this call has a handover from it which just started and this call is disconnected, do
     * nothing as the call prematurely disconnected before the user accepted the handover.
     * - If this call has a handover from it which was already accepted by the user and this call is
     * disconnected, mark the handover as complete.
     *
     * @param call A call whose state is changing.
     * @param newState The new state of the call.
     */
    private void maybeHandleHandover(Call call, int newState) {
        if (call.getHandoverSourceCall() != null) {
            // We are handing over another call to this one.
            if (call.getHandoverState() == HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED) {
                // A handover to this call has just been initiated.
                if (newState == CallState.ACTIVE) {
                    // This call went active, so the user has accepted the handover.
                    Log.i(this, "setCallState: handover to accepted");
                    acceptHandoverTo(call);
                } else if (newState == CallState.DISCONNECTED) {
                    // The call was disconnected, so the user has rejected the handover.
                    Log.i(this, "setCallState: handover to rejected");
                    rejectHandoverTo(call);
                }
            }
        // If this call was disconnected because it was handed over TO another call, report the
        // handover as complete.
        } else if (call.getHandoverDestinationCall() != null
                && newState == CallState.DISCONNECTED) {
            int handoverState = call.getHandoverState();
            if (handoverState == HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED) {
                // Disconnect before handover was accepted.
                Log.i(this, "setCallState: disconnect before handover accepted");
                // Let the handover destination know that the source has disconnected prior to
                // completion of the handover.
                call.getHandoverDestinationCall().sendCallEvent(
                        android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_SOURCE_DISCONNECTED, null);
            } else if (handoverState == HandoverState.HANDOVER_ACCEPTED) {
                Log.i(this, "setCallState: handover from complete");
                completeHandoverFrom(call);
            }
        }
    }

    private void completeHandoverFrom(Call call) {
        Call handoverTo = call.getHandoverDestinationCall();
        Log.addEvent(handoverTo, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_COMPLETE, "from=%s, to=%s",
                call.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_COMPLETE, "from=%s, to=%s",
                call.getId(), handoverTo.getId());

        // Inform the "from" Call (ie the source call) that the handover from it has
        // completed; this allows the InCallService to be notified that a handover it
        // initiated completed.
        call.onConnectionEvent(Connection.EVENT_HANDOVER_COMPLETE, null);
        // Inform the "to" ConnectionService that handover to it has completed.
        handoverTo.sendCallEvent(android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_COMPLETE, null);
        answerCall(handoverTo, handoverTo.getVideoState());
        call.markFinishedHandoverStateAndCleanup(HandoverState.HANDOVER_COMPLETE);

        // If the call we handed over to is self-managed, we need to disconnect the calls for other
        // ConnectionServices.
        if (handoverTo.isSelfManaged()) {
            disconnectOtherCalls(handoverTo.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        }
    }

    private void rejectHandoverTo(Call handoverTo) {
        Call handoverFrom = handoverTo.getHandoverSourceCall();
        Log.i(this, "rejectHandoverTo: from=%s, to=%s", handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        Log.addEvent(handoverFrom, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_FAILED, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverTo.getId(), handoverFrom.getId());
        Log.addEvent(handoverTo, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_FAILED, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverTo.getId(), handoverFrom.getId());

        // Inform the "from" Call (ie the source call) that the handover from it has
        // failed; this allows the InCallService to be notified that a handover it
        // initiated failed.
        handoverFrom.onConnectionEvent(Connection.EVENT_HANDOVER_FAILED, null);
        // Inform the "to" ConnectionService that handover to it has failed.  This
        // allows the ConnectionService the call was being handed over
        if (handoverTo.getConnectionService() != null) {
            // Only attempt if the call has a bound ConnectionService if handover failed
            // early on in the handover process, the CS will be unbound and we won't be
            // able to send the call event.
            handoverTo.sendCallEvent(android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_FAILED, null);
        }
        handoverTo.markFinishedHandoverStateAndCleanup(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FAILED);
    }

    private void acceptHandoverTo(Call handoverTo) {
        Call handoverFrom = handoverTo.getHandoverSourceCall();
        Log.i(this, "acceptHandoverTo: from=%s, to=%s", handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        handoverTo.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_ACCEPTED);
        handoverFrom.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_ACCEPTED);

        Log.addEvent(handoverTo, LogUtils.Events.ACCEPT_HANDOVER, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());
        Log.addEvent(handoverFrom, LogUtils.Events.ACCEPT_HANDOVER, "from=%s, to=%s",
                handoverFrom.getId(), handoverTo.getId());

        // Disconnect the call we handed over from.
        disconnectCall(handoverFrom);
        // If we handed over to a self-managed ConnectionService, we need to disconnect calls for
        // other ConnectionServices.
        if (handoverTo.isSelfManaged()) {
            disconnectOtherCalls(handoverTo.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        }
    }

    private void updateCanAddCall() {
        boolean newCanAddCall = canAddCall();
        if (newCanAddCall != mCanAddCall) {
            mCanAddCall = newCanAddCall;
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.beginSection(listener.getClass().toString() + " updateCanAddCall");
                }
                listener.onCanAddCallChanged(mCanAddCall);
                if (LogUtils.SYSTRACE_DEBUG) {
                    Trace.endSection();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean isPotentialMMICode(Uri handle) {
        return (handle != null && handle.getSchemeSpecificPart() != null
                && handle.getSchemeSpecificPart().contains("#"));
    }

    /**
     * Determines if a dialed number is potentially an In-Call MMI code.  In-Call MMI codes are
     * MMI codes which can be dialed when one or more calls are in progress.
     * <P>
     * Checks for numbers formatted similar to the MMI codes defined in:
     * {@link com.android.internal.telephony.Phone#handleInCallMmiCommands(String)}
     *
     * @param handle The URI to call.
     * @return {@code True} if the URI represents a number which could be an in-call MMI code.
     */
    private boolean isPotentialInCallMMICode(Uri handle) {
        if (handle != null && handle.getSchemeSpecificPart() != null &&
                handle.getScheme() != null &&
                handle.getScheme().equals(PhoneAccount.SCHEME_TEL)) {

            String dialedNumber = handle.getSchemeSpecificPart();
            return (dialedNumber.equals("0") ||
                    (dialedNumber.startsWith("1") && dialedNumber.length() <= 2) ||
                    (dialedNumber.startsWith("2") && dialedNumber.length() <= 2) ||
                    dialedNumber.equals("3") ||
                    dialedNumber.equals("4") ||
                    dialedNumber.equals("5"));
        }
        return false;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    public int getNumCallsWithState(final boolean isSelfManaged, Call excludeCall,
                                    PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, int... states) {
        return getNumCallsWithState(isSelfManaged ? CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED : CALL_FILTER_MANAGED,
                excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle, states);
    }

    /**
     * Determines the number of calls matching the specified criteria.
     * @param callFilter indicates whether to include just managed calls
     *                   ({@link #CALL_FILTER_MANAGED}), self-managed calls
     *                   ({@link #CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED}), or all calls
     *                   ({@link #CALL_FILTER_ALL}).
     * @param excludeCall Where {@code non-null}, this call is excluded from the count.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle Where {@code non-null}, calls for this {@link PhoneAccountHandle}
     *                           are excluded from the count.
     * @param states The list of {@link CallState}s to include in the count.
     * @return Count of calls matching criteria.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public int getNumCallsWithState(final int callFilter, Call excludeCall,
                                    PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, int... states) {

        Set<Integer> desiredStates = IntStream.of(states).boxed().collect(Collectors.toSet());

        Stream<Call> callsStream = mCalls.stream()
                .filter(call -> desiredStates.contains(call.getState()) &&
                        call.getParentCall() == null && !call.isExternalCall());

        if (callFilter == CALL_FILTER_MANAGED) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(call -> !call.isSelfManaged());
        } else if (callFilter == CALL_FILTER_SELF_MANAGED) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(call -> call.isSelfManaged());
        }

        // If a call to exclude was specified, filter it out.
        if (excludeCall != null) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(call -> call != excludeCall);
        }

        // If a phone account handle was specified, only consider calls for that phone account.
        if (phoneAccountHandle != null) {
            callsStream = callsStream.filter(
                    call -> phoneAccountHandle.equals(call.getTargetPhoneAccount()));
        }

        return (int) callsStream.count();
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumLiveCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_LIVE_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(CALL_FILTER_ALL,
                exceptCall, null /* phoneAccountHandle*/, LIVE_CALL_STATES);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedLiveCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_LIVE_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */,
                exceptCall, null /* phoneAccountHandle */, LIVE_CALL_STATES);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumSelfManagedCalls(Call exceptCall,
                                                   PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return MAXIMUM_SELF_MANAGED_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(true /* isSelfManaged */,
                exceptCall, phoneAccountHandle, ANY_CALL_STATE);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_HOLD_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, CallState.ON_HOLD);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedRingingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_RINGING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, CallState.RINGING);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumSelfManagedRingingCalls(Call exceptCall,
                                                      PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return MAXIMUM_RINGING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(true /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                phoneAccountHandle, CallState.RINGING);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumOutgoingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_LIVE_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(CALL_FILTER_ALL,
                exceptCall, null /* phoneAccountHandle */, OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedOutgoingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_OUTGOING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
    }

    private boolean hasMaximumManagedDialingCalls(Call exceptCall) {
        return MAXIMUM_DIALING_CALLS <= getNumCallsWithState(false /* isSelfManaged */, exceptCall,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */, CallState.DIALING, CallState.PULLING);
    }

    /**
     * Given a {@link PhoneAccountHandle} determines if there are calls owned by any other
     * {@link PhoneAccountHandle}.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to check.
     * @return {@code true} if there are other calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return getNumCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(phoneAccountHandle) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines the number of calls present for PhoneAccounts other than the one specified.
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The handle of the PhoneAccount.
     * @return Number of calls owned by other PhoneAccounts.
     */
    public int getNumCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return (int) mCalls.stream().filter(call ->
                !phoneAccountHandle.equals(call.getTargetPhoneAccount()) &&
                        call.getParentCall() == null &&
                        !call.isExternalCall()).count();
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any managed calls.
     * @return {@code true} if there are managed calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasManagedCalls() {
        return mCalls.stream().filter(call -> !call.isSelfManaged() &&
                !call.isExternalCall()).count() > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any self-managed calls.
     * @return {@code true} if there are self-managed calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasSelfManagedCalls() {
        return mCalls.stream().filter(call -> call.isSelfManaged()).count() > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any ongoing managed or self-managed calls.
     * Note: The {@link #ONGOING_CALL_STATES} are
     * @return {@code true} if there are ongoing managed or self-managed calls, {@code false}
     *      otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasOngoingCalls() {
        return getNumCallsWithState(
                CALL_FILTER_ALL, null /* excludeCall */,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */,
                ONGOING_CALL_STATES) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there are any ongoing managed calls.
     * @return {@code true} if there are ongoing managed calls, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasOngoingManagedCalls() {
        return getNumCallsWithState(
                CALL_FILTER_MANAGED, null /* excludeCall */,
                null /* phoneAccountHandle */,
                ONGOING_CALL_STATES) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the system incoming call UI should be shown.
     * The system incoming call UI will be shown if the new incoming call is self-managed, and there
     * are ongoing calls for another PhoneAccount.
     * @param incomingCall The incoming call.
     * @return {@code true} if the system incoming call UI should be shown, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean shouldShowSystemIncomingCallUi(Call incomingCall) {
        return incomingCall.isIncoming() && incomingCall.isSelfManaged() &&
                hasCallsForOtherPhoneAccount(incomingCall.getTargetPhoneAccount()) &&
                incomingCall.getHandoverSourceCall() == null;
    }

    private boolean makeRoomForOutgoingCall(Call call, boolean isEmergency) {
        if (hasMaximumLiveCalls(call)) {
            // NOTE: If the amount of live calls changes beyond 1, this logic will probably
            // have to change.
            Call liveCall = getFirstCallWithState(LIVE_CALL_STATES);
            Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall call = " + call + " livecall = " +
                   liveCall);

            if (call == liveCall) {
                // If the call is already the foreground call, then we are golden.
                // This can happen after the user selects an account in the SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT
                // state since the call was already populated into the list.
                return true;
            }

            if (hasMaximumOutgoingCalls(call)) {
                Call outgoingCall = getFirstCallWithState(OUTGOING_CALL_STATES);
                if (isEmergency && !outgoingCall.isEmergencyCall()) {
                    // Disconnect the current outgoing call if it's not an emergency call. If the
                    // user tries to make two outgoing calls to different emergency call numbers,
                    // we will try to connect the first outgoing call.
                    call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                    outgoingCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                    outgoingCall.disconnect();
                    return true;
                }
                if (outgoingCall.getState() == CallState.SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT) {
                    // If there is an orphaned call in the {@link CallState#SELECT_PHONE_ACCOUNT}
                    // state, just disconnect it since the user has explicitly started a new call.
                    call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                    outgoingCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                    outgoingCall.disconnect();
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }

            // Disconnected the live call if the outgoing call is an emergency call.
            if (isEmergency && !canHold(liveCall)) {
                call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                liveCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                liveCall.disconnect();
                return true;
            }

            // TODO: Remove once b/23035408 has been corrected.
            // If the live call is a conference, it will not have a target phone account set.  This
            // means the check to see if the live call has the same target phone account as the new
            // call will not cause us to bail early.  As a result, we'll end up holding the
            // ongoing conference call.  However, the ConnectionService is already doing that.  This
            // has caused problems with some carriers.  As a workaround until b/23035408 is
            // corrected, we will try and get the target phone account for one of the conference's
            // children and use that instead.
            PhoneAccountHandle liveCallPhoneAccount = liveCall.getTargetPhoneAccount();
            if (liveCallPhoneAccount == null && liveCall.isConference() &&
                    !liveCall.getChildCalls().isEmpty()) {
                liveCallPhoneAccount = getFirstChildPhoneAccount(liveCall);
                Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall: using child call PhoneAccount = " +
                        liveCallPhoneAccount);
            }

            // First thing, if we are trying to make a call with the same phone account as the live
            // call, then allow it so that the connection service can make its own decision about
            // how to handle the new call relative to the current one.
            if (Objects.equals(liveCallPhoneAccount, call.getTargetPhoneAccount())) {
                Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall: phoneAccount matches.");
                call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                liveCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                return true;
            } else if (call.getTargetPhoneAccount() == null) {
                // Without a phone account, we can't say reliably that the call will fail.
                // If the user chooses the same phone account as the live call, then it's
                // still possible that the call can be made (like with CDMA calls not supporting
                // hold but they still support adding a call by going immediately into conference
                // mode). Return true here and we'll run this code again after user chooses an
                // account.
                return true;
            }

            // Try to hold the live call before attempting the new outgoing call.
            if (canHold(liveCall)) {
                Log.i(this, "makeRoomForOutgoingCall: holding live call.");
                call.getAnalytics().setCallIsAdditional(true);
                liveCall.getAnalytics().setCallIsInterrupted(true);
                liveCall.hold();
                return true;
            }

            // The live call cannot be held so we're out of luck here.  There's no room.
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Given a call, find the first non-null phone account handle of its children.
     *
     * @param parentCall The parent call.
     * @return The first non-null phone account handle of the children, or {@code null} if none.
     */
    private PhoneAccountHandle getFirstChildPhoneAccount(Call parentCall) {
        for (Call childCall : parentCall.getChildCalls()) {
            PhoneAccountHandle childPhoneAccount = childCall.getTargetPhoneAccount();
            if (childPhoneAccount != null) {
                return childPhoneAccount;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if the call should be on speakerphone and if so, set it.
     */
    private void maybeMoveToSpeakerPhone(Call call) {
        if (call.isHandoverInProgress() && call.getState() == CallState.DIALING) {
            // When a new outgoing call is initiated for the purpose of handing over, do not engage
            // speaker automatically until the call goes active.
            return;
        }
        if (call.getStartWithSpeakerphoneOn()) {
            setAudioRoute(CallAudioState.ROUTE_SPEAKER, null);
            call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new call for an existing connection.
     *
     * @param callId The id of the new call.
     * @param connection The connection information.
     * @return The new call.
     */
    Call createCallForExistingConnection(String callId, ParcelableConnection connection) {
        boolean isDowngradedConference = (connection.getConnectionProperties()
                & Connection.PROPERTY_IS_DOWNGRADED_CONFERENCE) != 0;
        Call call = new Call(
                callId,
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                connection.getHandle() /* handle */,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                connection.getPhoneAccount(), /* targetPhoneAccountHandle */
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_UNDEFINED /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                isDowngradedConference /* isConference */,
                connection.getConnectTimeMillis() /* connectTimeMillis */,
                connection.getConnectElapsedTimeMillis(), /* connectElapsedTimeMillis */
                mClockProxy);

        call.initAnalytics();
        call.getAnalytics().setCreatedFromExistingConnection(true);

        setCallState(call, Call.getStateFromConnectionState(connection.getState()),
                "existing connection");
        call.setConnectionCapabilities(connection.getConnectionCapabilities());
        call.setConnectionProperties(connection.getConnectionProperties());
        call.setHandle(connection.getHandle(), connection.getHandlePresentation());
        call.setCallerDisplayName(connection.getCallerDisplayName(),
                connection.getCallerDisplayNamePresentation());
        call.addListener(this);

        // In case this connection was added via a ConnectionManager, keep track of the original
        // Connection ID as created by the originating ConnectionService.
        Bundle extras = connection.getExtras();
        if (extras != null && extras.containsKey(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID)) {
            call.setOriginalConnectionId(extras.getString(Connection.EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID));
        }
        Log.i(this, "createCallForExistingConnection: %s", connection);
        Call parentCall = null;
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(connection.getParentCallId())) {
            String parentId = connection.getParentCallId();
            parentCall = mCalls
                    .stream()
                    .filter(c -> c.getId().equals(parentId))
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null);
            if (parentCall != null) {
                Log.i(this, "createCallForExistingConnection: %s added as child of %s.",
                        call.getId(),
                        parentCall.getId());
                // Set JUST the parent property, which won't send an update to the Incall UI.
                call.setParentCall(parentCall);
            }
        }
        addCall(call);
        if (parentCall != null) {
            // Now, set the call as a child of the parent since it has been added to Telecom.  This
            // is where we will inform InCall.
            call.setChildOf(parentCall);
            call.notifyParentChanged(parentCall);
        }

        return call;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether Telecom already knows about a Connection added via the
     * {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService#addExistingConnection(PhoneAccountHandle,
     * Connection)} API via a ConnectionManager.
     *
     * See {@link Connection#EXTRA_ORIGINAL_CONNECTION_ID}.
     * @param originalConnectionId The new connection ID to check.
     * @return {@code true} if this connection is already known by Telecom.
     */
    Call getAlreadyAddedConnection(String originalConnectionId) {
        Optional<Call> existingCall = mCalls.stream()
                .filter(call -> originalConnectionId.equals(call.getOriginalConnectionId()) ||
                            originalConnectionId.equals(call.getId()))
                .findFirst();

        if (existingCall.isPresent()) {
            Log.i(this, "isExistingConnectionAlreadyAdded - call %s already added with id %s",
                    originalConnectionId, existingCall.get().getId());
            return existingCall.get();
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @return A new unique telecom call Id.
     */
    private String getNextCallId() {
        synchronized(mLock) {
            return TELECOM_CALL_ID_PREFIX + (++mCallId);
        }
    }

    public int getNextRttRequestId() {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            return (++mRttRequestId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Callback when foreground user is switched. We will reload missed call in all profiles
     * including the user itself. There may be chances that profiles are not started yet.
     */
    @VisibleForTesting
    public void onUserSwitch(UserHandle userHandle) {
        mCurrentUserHandle = userHandle;
        mMissedCallNotifier.setCurrentUserHandle(userHandle);
        final UserManager userManager = UserManager.get(mContext);
        List<UserInfo> profiles = userManager.getEnabledProfiles(userHandle.getIdentifier());
        for (UserInfo profile : profiles) {
            reloadMissedCallsOfUser(profile.getUserHandle());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Because there may be chances that profiles are not started yet though its parent user is
     * switched, we reload missed calls of profile that are just started here.
     */
    void onUserStarting(UserHandle userHandle) {
        if (UserUtil.isProfile(mContext, userHandle)) {
            reloadMissedCallsOfUser(userHandle);
        }
    }

    public TelecomSystem.SyncRoot getLock() {
        return mLock;
    }

    private void reloadMissedCallsOfUser(UserHandle userHandle) {
        mMissedCallNotifier.reloadFromDatabase(mCallerInfoLookupHelper,
                new MissedCallNotifier.CallInfoFactory(), userHandle);
    }

    public void onBootCompleted() {
        mMissedCallNotifier.reloadAfterBootComplete(mCallerInfoLookupHelper,
                new MissedCallNotifier.CallInfoFactory());
    }

    public boolean isIncomingCallPermitted(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return isIncomingCallPermitted(null /* excludeCall */, phoneAccountHandle);
    }

    public boolean isIncomingCallPermitted(Call excludeCall,
                                           PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        if (phoneAccountHandle == null) {
            return false;
        }
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(phoneAccountHandle);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!phoneAccount.isSelfManaged()) {
            return !hasMaximumManagedRingingCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(excludeCall);
        } else {
            return !hasEmergencyCall() &&
                    !hasMaximumSelfManagedRingingCalls(excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle) &&
                    !hasMaximumSelfManagedCalls(excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle);
        }
    }

    public boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        return isOutgoingCallPermitted(null /* excludeCall */, phoneAccountHandle);
    }

    public boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted(Call excludeCall,
                                           PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle) {
        if (phoneAccountHandle == null) {
            return false;
        }
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(phoneAccountHandle);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!phoneAccount.isSelfManaged()) {
            return !hasMaximumManagedOutgoingCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedDialingCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedLiveCalls(excludeCall) &&
                    !hasMaximumManagedHoldingCalls(excludeCall);
        } else {
            // Only permit self-managed outgoing calls if
            // 1. there is no emergency ongoing call
            // 2. The outgoing call is an handover call or it not hit the self-managed call limit
            // and the current active call can be held.
            Call activeCall = (Call) mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.getCurrentFocusCall();
            return !hasEmergencyCall() &&
                    ((excludeCall != null && excludeCall.getHandoverSourceCall() != null) ||
                            (!hasMaximumSelfManagedCalls(excludeCall, phoneAccountHandle) &&
                                    (activeCall == null || canHold(activeCall))));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Blocks execution until all Telecom handlers have completed their current work.
     */
    public void waitOnHandlers() {
        CountDownLatch mainHandlerLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
        mHandler.post(() -> {
            mainHandlerLatch.countDown();
        });
        mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioModeStateMachine().getHandler().post(() -> {
            mainHandlerLatch.countDown();
        });
        mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioRouteStateMachine().getHandler().post(() -> {
            mainHandlerLatch.countDown();
        });

        try {
            mainHandlerLatch.await(HANDLER_WAIT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Log.w(this, "waitOnHandlers: interrupted %s", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used to confirm creation of an outgoing call which was marked as pending confirmation in
     * {@link #startOutgoingCall(Uri, PhoneAccountHandle, Bundle, UserHandle, Intent)}.
     * Called via {@link TelecomBroadcastIntentProcessor} for a call which was confirmed via
     * {@link ConfirmCallDialogActivity}.
     * @param callId The call ID of the call to confirm.
     */
    public void confirmPendingCall(String callId) {
        Log.i(this, "confirmPendingCall: callId=%s", callId);
        if (mPendingCall != null && mPendingCall.getId().equals(callId)) {
            Log.addEvent(mPendingCall, LogUtils.Events.USER_CONFIRMED);
            addCall(mPendingCall);

            // We are going to place the new outgoing call, so disconnect any ongoing self-managed
            // calls which are ongoing at this time.
            disconnectSelfManagedCalls();

            // Kick of the new outgoing call intent from where it left off prior to confirming the
            // call.
            CallIntentProcessor.sendNewOutgoingCallIntent(mContext, mPendingCall, this,
                    mPendingCall.getOriginalCallIntent());
            mPendingCall = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used to cancel an outgoing call which was marked as pending confirmation in
     * {@link #startOutgoingCall(Uri, PhoneAccountHandle, Bundle, UserHandle, Intent)}.
     * Called via {@link TelecomBroadcastIntentProcessor} for a call which was confirmed via
     * {@link ConfirmCallDialogActivity}.
     * @param callId The call ID of the call to cancel.
     */
    public void cancelPendingCall(String callId) {
        Log.i(this, "cancelPendingCall: callId=%s", callId);
        if (mPendingCall != null && mPendingCall.getId().equals(callId)) {
            Log.addEvent(mPendingCall, LogUtils.Events.USER_CANCELLED);
            markCallAsDisconnected(mPendingCall, new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.CANCELED));
            markCallAsRemoved(mPendingCall);
            mPendingCall = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called from {@link #startOutgoingCall(Uri, PhoneAccountHandle, Bundle, UserHandle, Intent)} when
     * a managed call is added while there are ongoing self-managed calls.  Starts
     * {@link ConfirmCallDialogActivity} to prompt the user to see if they wish to place the
     * outgoing call or not.
     * @param call The call to confirm.
     */
    private void startCallConfirmation(Call call) {
        if (mPendingCall != null) {
            Log.i(this, "startCallConfirmation: call %s is already pending; disconnecting %s",
                    mPendingCall.getId(), call.getId());
            markCallDisconnectedDueToSelfManagedCall(call);
            return;
        }
        Log.addEvent(call, LogUtils.Events.USER_CONFIRMATION);
        mPendingCall = call;

        // Figure out the name of the app in charge of the self-managed call(s).
        Call activeCall = (Call) mConnectionSvrFocusMgr.getCurrentFocusCall();
        if (activeCall != null) {
            CharSequence ongoingAppName = activeCall.getTargetPhoneAccountLabel();
            Log.i(this, "startCallConfirmation: callId=%s, ongoingApp=%s", call.getId(),
                    ongoingAppName);

            Intent confirmIntent = new Intent(mContext, ConfirmCallDialogActivity.class);
            confirmIntent.putExtra(ConfirmCallDialogActivity.EXTRA_OUTGOING_CALL_ID, call.getId());
            confirmIntent.putExtra(ConfirmCallDialogActivity.EXTRA_ONGOING_APP_NAME, ongoingAppName);
            confirmIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            mContext.startActivityAsUser(confirmIntent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects all self-managed calls.
     */
    private void disconnectSelfManagedCalls() {
        // Disconnect all self-managed calls to make priority for emergency call.
        // Use Call.disconnect() to command the ConnectionService to disconnect the calls.
        // CallsManager.markCallAsDisconnected doesn't actually tell the ConnectionService to
        // disconnect.
        mCalls.stream()
                .filter(c -> c.isSelfManaged())
                .forEach(c -> c.disconnect());

        // When disconnecting all self-managed calls, switch audio routing back to the baseline
        // route.  This ensures if, for example, the self-managed ConnectionService was routed to
        // speakerphone that we'll switch back to earpiece for the managed call which necessitated
        // disconnecting the self-managed calls.
        mCallAudioManager.switchBaseline();
    }

    private void disconnectCallsHaveDifferentConnectionService(Call exceptCall) {
        mCalls.stream().filter(c ->
                c.getConnectionService() != exceptCall.getConnectionService()
                        && c.getConnectionManagerPhoneAccount()
                        != exceptCall.getConnectionManagerPhoneAccount())
                .forEach(c -> c.disconnect());
    }

    /**
     * Dumps the state of the {@link CallsManager}.
     *
     * @param pw The {@code IndentingPrintWriter} to write the state to.
     */
    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP, TAG);
        if (mCalls != null) {
            pw.println("mCalls: ");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            for (Call call : mCalls) {
                pw.println(call);
            }
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mPendingCall != null) {
            pw.print("mPendingCall:");
            pw.println(mPendingCall.getId());
        }

        if (mCallAudioManager != null) {
            pw.println("mCallAudioManager:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mCallAudioManager.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mTtyManager != null) {
            pw.println("mTtyManager:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mTtyManager.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mInCallController != null) {
            pw.println("mInCallController:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mInCallController.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mDefaultDialerCache != null) {
            pw.println("mDefaultDialerCache:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mDefaultDialerCache.dumpCache(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }

        if (mConnectionServiceRepository != null) {
            pw.println("mConnectionServiceRepository:");
            pw.increaseIndent();
            mConnectionServiceRepository.dump(pw);
            pw.decreaseIndent();
        }
    }

    /**
    * For some disconnected causes, we show a dialog when it's a mmi code or potential mmi code.
    *
    * @param call The call.
    */
    private void maybeShowErrorDialogOnDisconnect(Call call) {
        if (call.getState() == CallState.DISCONNECTED && (isPotentialMMICode(call.getHandle())
                || isPotentialInCallMMICode(call.getHandle())) && !mCalls.contains(call)) {
            DisconnectCause disconnectCause = call.getDisconnectCause();
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(disconnectCause.getDescription()) && (disconnectCause.getCode()
                    == DisconnectCause.ERROR)) {
                Intent errorIntent = new Intent(mContext, ErrorDialogActivity.class);
                errorIntent.putExtra(ErrorDialogActivity.ERROR_MESSAGE_STRING_EXTRA,
                        disconnectCause.getDescription());
                errorIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                mContext.startActivityAsUser(errorIntent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
            }
        }
    }

    private void setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(Call call, Bundle extras) {
      // Create our own instance to modify (since extras may be Bundle.EMPTY)
      extras = new Bundle(extras);

      // Specifies the time telecom began routing the call. This is used by the dialer for
      // analytics.
      extras.putLong(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_TELECOM_ROUTING_START_TIME_MILLIS,
              SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());

      call.setIntentExtras(extras);
    }

    /**
     * Notifies the {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService} associated with a
     * {@link PhoneAccountHandle} that the attempt to create a new connection has failed.
     *
     * @param phoneAccountHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle}.
     * @param call The {@link Call} which could not be added.
     */
    private void notifyCreateConnectionFailed(PhoneAccountHandle phoneAccountHandle, Call call) {
        if (phoneAccountHandle == null) {
            return;
        }
        ConnectionServiceWrapper service = mConnectionServiceRepository.getService(
                phoneAccountHandle.getComponentName(), phoneAccountHandle.getUserHandle());
        if (service == null) {
            Log.i(this, "Found no connection service.");
            return;
        } else {
            call.setConnectionService(service);
            service.createConnectionFailed(call);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notifies the {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService} associated with a
     * {@link PhoneAccountHandle} that the attempt to handover a call has failed.
     *
     * @param call The handover call
     * @param reason The error reason code for handover failure
     */
    private void notifyHandoverFailed(Call call, int reason) {
        ConnectionServiceWrapper service = call.getConnectionService();
        service.handoverFailed(call, reason);
        call.setDisconnectCause(new DisconnectCause(DisconnectCause.CANCELED));
        call.disconnect();

    }

    /**
     * Called in response to a {@link Call} receiving a {@link Call#sendCallEvent(String, Bundle)}
     * of type {@link android.telecom.Call#EVENT_REQUEST_HANDOVER} indicating the
     * {@link android.telecom.InCallService} has requested a handover to another
     * {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService}.
     *
     * We will explicitly disallow a handover when there is an emergency call present.
     *
     * @param handoverFromCall The {@link Call} to be handed over.
     * @param handoverToHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to hand over the call to.
     * @param videoState The desired video state of {@link Call} after handover.
     * @param initiatingExtras Extras associated with the handover, to be passed to the handover
     *               {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService}.
     */
    private void requestHandoverViaEvents(Call handoverFromCall,
                                          PhoneAccountHandle handoverToHandle,
                                          int videoState, Bundle initiatingExtras) {

        boolean isHandoverFromSupported = isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(
                handoverFromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        boolean isHandoverToSupported = isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(handoverToHandle);

        if (!isHandoverFromSupported || !isHandoverToSupported || hasEmergencyCall()) {
            handoverFromCall.sendCallEvent(android.telecom.Call.EVENT_HANDOVER_FAILED, null);
            return;
        }

        Log.addEvent(handoverFromCall, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_REQUEST, handoverToHandle);

        Bundle extras = new Bundle();
        extras.putBoolean(TelecomManager.EXTRA_IS_HANDOVER, true);
        extras.putParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_HANDOVER_FROM_PHONE_ACCOUNT,
                handoverFromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        extras.putInt(TelecomManager.EXTRA_START_CALL_WITH_VIDEO_STATE, videoState);
        if (initiatingExtras != null) {
            extras.putAll(initiatingExtras);
        }
        extras.putParcelable(TelecomManager.EXTRA_CALL_AUDIO_STATE,
                mCallAudioManager.getCallAudioState());
        Call handoverToCall = startOutgoingCall(handoverFromCall.getHandle(), handoverToHandle,
                extras, getCurrentUserHandle(), null /* originalIntent */);
        Log.addEvent(handoverFromCall, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", handoverFromCall.getId(), handoverToCall.getId());
        handoverFromCall.setHandoverDestinationCall(handoverToCall);
        handoverFromCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED);
        handoverToCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED);
        handoverToCall.setHandoverSourceCall(handoverFromCall);
        handoverToCall.setNewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcastIsDone();
        placeOutgoingCall(handoverToCall, handoverToCall.getHandle(), null /* gatewayInfo */,
                false /* startwithSpeaker */,
                videoState);
    }

    /**
     * Called in response to a {@link Call} receiving a {@link Call#handoverTo(PhoneAccountHandle,
     * int, Bundle)} indicating the {@link android.telecom.InCallService} has requested a
     * handover to another {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService}.
     *
     * We will explicitly disallow a handover when there is an emergency call present.
     *
     * @param handoverFromCall The {@link Call} to be handed over.
     * @param handoverToHandle The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to hand over the call to.
     * @param videoState The desired video state of {@link Call} after handover.
     * @param initiatingExtras Extras associated with the handover, to be passed to the handover
     *               {@link android.telecom.ConnectionService}.
     */
    private void requestHandover(Call handoverFromCall, PhoneAccountHandle handoverToHandle,
                                 int videoState, Bundle extras) {

        // Send an error back if there are any ongoing emergency calls.
        if (hasEmergencyCall()) {
            handoverFromCall.onHandoverFailed(
                    android.telecom.Call.Callback.HANDOVER_FAILURE_ONGOING_EMERG_CALL);
            return;
        }

        // If source and destination phone accounts don't support handover, send an error back.
        boolean isHandoverFromSupported = isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(
                handoverFromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount());
        boolean isHandoverToSupported = isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(handoverToHandle);
        if (!isHandoverFromSupported || !isHandoverToSupported) {
            handoverFromCall.onHandoverFailed(
                    android.telecom.Call.Callback.HANDOVER_FAILURE_DEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
            return;
        }

        Log.addEvent(handoverFromCall, LogUtils.Events.HANDOVER_REQUEST, handoverToHandle);

        // Create a new instance of Call
        PhoneAccount account =
                mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccount(handoverToHandle, getCurrentUserHandle());
        boolean isSelfManaged = account != null && account.isSelfManaged();

        Call call = new Call(getNextCallId(), mContext,
                this, mLock, mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper, mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory, mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                handoverFromCall.getHandle(), null,
                null, null,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_OUTGOING, false,
                false, mClockProxy);
        call.initAnalytics();

        // Set self-managed and voipAudioMode if destination is self-managed CS
        call.setIsSelfManaged(isSelfManaged);
        if (isSelfManaged) {
            call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
        }
        call.setInitiatingUser(getCurrentUserHandle());


        // Ensure we don't try to place an outgoing call with video if video is not
        // supported.
        if (VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState) && account != null &&
                !account.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
            call.setVideoState(VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY);
        } else {
            call.setVideoState(videoState);
        }

        // Set target phone account to destAcct.
        call.setTargetPhoneAccount(handoverToHandle);

        if (account != null && account.getExtras() != null && account.getExtras()
                    .getBoolean(PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE)) {
            Log.d(this, "requestHandover: defaulting to voip mode for call %s",
                        call.getId());
            call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
        }

        // Set call state to connecting
        call.setState(
                CallState.CONNECTING,
                handoverToHandle == null ? "no-handle" : handoverToHandle.toString());
        setIntentExtrasAndStartTime(call, extras);

        // Add call to call tracker
        if (!mCalls.contains(call)) {
            addCall(call);
        }

        Log.addEvent(handoverFromCall, LogUtils.Events.START_HANDOVER,
                "handOverFrom=%s, handOverTo=%s", handoverFromCall.getId(), call.getId());

        handoverFromCall.setHandoverDestinationCall(call);
        handoverFromCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED);
        call.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED);
        call.setHandoverSourceCall(handoverFromCall);
        call.setNewOutgoingCallIntentBroadcastIsDone();

        // Auto-enable speakerphone if the originating intent specified to do so, if the call
        // is a video call, of if using speaker when docked
        final boolean useSpeakerWhenDocked = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(
                R.bool.use_speaker_when_docked);
        final boolean useSpeakerForDock = isSpeakerphoneEnabledForDock();
        final boolean useSpeakerForVideoCall = isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(videoState);
        call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(false || useSpeakerForVideoCall
                || (useSpeakerWhenDocked && useSpeakerForDock));
        call.setVideoState(videoState);

        final boolean isOutgoingCallPermitted = isOutgoingCallPermitted(call,
                call.getTargetPhoneAccount());

        // If the account has been set, proceed to place the outgoing call.
        if (call.isSelfManaged() && !isOutgoingCallPermitted) {
            notifyCreateConnectionFailed(call.getTargetPhoneAccount(), call);
        } else if (!call.isSelfManaged() && hasSelfManagedCalls() && !call.isEmergencyCall()) {
            markCallDisconnectedDueToSelfManagedCall(call);
        } else {
            if (call.isEmergencyCall()) {
                // Disconnect all self-managed calls to make priority for emergency call.
                disconnectSelfManagedCalls();
            }

            call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Determines if handover from the specified {@link PhoneAccountHandle} is supported.
     *
     * @param from The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} the handover originates from.
     * @return {@code true} if handover is currently allowed, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(PhoneAccountHandle from) {
        return getBooleanPhoneAccountExtra(from, PhoneAccount.EXTRA_SUPPORTS_HANDOVER_FROM);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if handover to the specified {@link PhoneAccountHandle} is supported.
     *
     * @param to The {@link PhoneAccountHandle} the handover it to.
     * @return {@code true} if handover is currently allowed, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(PhoneAccountHandle to) {
        return getBooleanPhoneAccountExtra(to, PhoneAccount.EXTRA_SUPPORTS_HANDOVER_TO);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a boolean phone account extra.
     * @param handle the {@link PhoneAccountHandle} to retrieve the extra for.
     * @param key The extras key.
     * @return {@code true} if the extra {@link PhoneAccount} extra is true, {@code false}
     *      otherwise.
     */
    private boolean getBooleanPhoneAccountExtra(PhoneAccountHandle handle, String key) {
        PhoneAccount phoneAccount = getPhoneAccountRegistrar().getPhoneAccountUnchecked(handle);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            return false;
        }

        Bundle fromExtras = phoneAccount.getExtras();
        if (fromExtras == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return fromExtras.getBoolean(key);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if there is an existing handover in process.
     * @return {@code true} if a call in the process of handover exists, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isHandoverInProgress() {
        return mCalls.stream().filter(c -> c.getHandoverSourceCall() != null ||
                c.getHandoverDestinationCall() != null).count() > 0;
    }

    private void broadcastUnregisterIntent(PhoneAccountHandle accountHandle) {
        Intent intent =
                new Intent(TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_UNREGISTERED);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND);
        intent.putExtra(
                TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE, accountHandle);
        Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account %s unregistered intent as user", accountHandle);
        mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL,
                PERMISSION_PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION);

        String dialerPackage = mDefaultDialerCache.getDefaultDialerApplication(
                getCurrentUserHandle().getIdentifier());
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(dialerPackage)) {
            Intent directedIntent = new Intent(TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_UNREGISTERED)
                    .setPackage(dialerPackage);
            directedIntent.putExtra(
                    TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE, accountHandle);
            Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account unregistered intent to default dialer");
            mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(directedIntent, UserHandle.ALL, null);
        }
        return ;
    }

    private void broadcastRegisterIntent(PhoneAccountHandle accountHandle) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(
                TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTERED);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND);
        intent.putExtra(TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE,
                accountHandle);
        Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account %s registered intent as user", accountHandle);
        mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL,
                PERMISSION_PROCESS_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTRATION);

        String dialerPackage = mDefaultDialerCache.getDefaultDialerApplication(
                getCurrentUserHandle().getIdentifier());
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(dialerPackage)) {
            Intent directedIntent = new Intent(TelecomManager.ACTION_PHONE_ACCOUNT_REGISTERED)
                    .setPackage(dialerPackage);
            directedIntent.putExtra(
                    TelecomManager.EXTRA_PHONE_ACCOUNT_HANDLE, accountHandle);
            Log.i(this, "Sending phone-account registered intent to default dialer");
            mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(directedIntent, UserHandle.ALL, null);
        }
        return ;
    }

    public void acceptHandover(Uri srcAddr, int videoState, PhoneAccountHandle destAcct) {

        final String handleScheme = srcAddr.getSchemeSpecificPart();
        Call fromCall = mCalls.stream()
                .filter((c) -> mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter.isSamePhoneNumber(
                        c.getHandle().getSchemeSpecificPart(), handleScheme))
                .findFirst()
                .orElse(null);

        Call call = new Call(
                getNextCallId(),
                mContext,
                this,
                mLock,
                mConnectionServiceRepository,
                mContactsAsyncHelper,
                mCallerInfoAsyncQueryFactory,
                mPhoneNumberUtilsAdapter,
                srcAddr,
                null /* gatewayInfo */,
                null /* connectionManagerPhoneAccount */,
                destAcct,
                Call.CALL_DIRECTION_INCOMING /* callDirection */,
                false /* forceAttachToExistingConnection */,
                false, /* isConference */
                mClockProxy);

        if (fromCall == null || isHandoverInProgress() ||
                !isHandoverFromPhoneAccountSupported(fromCall.getTargetPhoneAccount()) ||
                !isHandoverToPhoneAccountSupported(destAcct) ||
                hasEmergencyCall()) {
            Log.w(this, "acceptHandover: Handover not supported");
            notifyHandoverFailed(call,
                    android.telecom.Call.Callback.HANDOVER_FAILURE_DEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
            return;
        }

        PhoneAccount phoneAccount = mPhoneAccountRegistrar.getPhoneAccountUnchecked(destAcct);
        if (phoneAccount == null) {
            Log.w(this, "acceptHandover: Handover not supported. phoneAccount = null");
            notifyHandoverFailed(call,
                    android.telecom.Call.Callback.HANDOVER_FAILURE_DEST_NOT_SUPPORTED);
            return;
        }
        call.setIsSelfManaged(phoneAccount.isSelfManaged());
        if (call.isSelfManaged() || (phoneAccount.getExtras() != null &&
                phoneAccount.getExtras().getBoolean(
                        PhoneAccount.EXTRA_ALWAYS_USE_VOIP_AUDIO_MODE))) {
            call.setIsVoipAudioMode(true);
        }
        if (!phoneAccount.hasCapabilities(PhoneAccount.CAPABILITY_VIDEO_CALLING)) {
            call.setVideoState(VideoProfile.STATE_AUDIO_ONLY);
        } else {
            call.setVideoState(videoState);
        }

        call.initAnalytics();
        call.addListener(this);

        fromCall.setHandoverDestinationCall(call);
        call.setHandoverSourceCall(fromCall);
        call.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_TO_STARTED);
        fromCall.setHandoverState(HandoverState.HANDOVER_FROM_STARTED);

        if (isSpeakerEnabledForVideoCalls() && VideoProfile.isVideo(videoState)) {
            // Ensure when the call goes active that it will go to speakerphone if the
            // handover to call is a video call.
            call.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(true);
        }

        call.startCreateConnection(mPhoneAccountRegistrar);
    }

    ConnectionServiceFocusManager getConnectionServiceFocusManager() {
        return mConnectionSvrFocusMgr;
    }

    private boolean canHold(Call call) {
        return call.can(Connection.CAPABILITY_HOLD);
    }

    private final class ActionSetCallState implements PendingAction {

        private final Call mCall;
        private final int mState;
        private final String mTag;

        ActionSetCallState(Call call, int state, String tag) {
            mCall = call;
            mState = state;
            mTag = tag;
        }

        @Override
        public void performAction() {
            Log.d(this, "perform set call state for %s, state = %s", mCall, mState);
            setCallState(mCall, mState, mTag);
        }
    }

    private final class ActionUnHoldCall implements PendingAction {
        private final Call mCall;

        ActionUnHoldCall(Call call) {
            mCall = call;
        }

        @Override
        public void performAction() {
            Log.d(this, "perform unhold call for %s", mCall);
            mCall.unhold();
        }
    }

    private final class ActionAnswerCall implements PendingAction {
        private final Call mCall;
        private final int mVideoState;

        ActionAnswerCall(Call call, int videoState) {
            mCall = call;
            mVideoState = videoState;
        }

        @Override
        public void performAction() {
            Log.d(this, "perform answer call for %s, videoState = %d", mCall, mVideoState);
            for (CallsManagerListener listener : mListeners) {
                listener.onIncomingCallAnswered(mCall);
            }

            // We do not update the UI until we get confirmation of the answer() through
            // {@link #markCallAsActive}.
            mCall.answer(mVideoState);
            if (isSpeakerphoneAutoEnabledForVideoCalls(mVideoState)) {
                mCall.setStartWithSpeakerphoneOn(true);
            }
        }
    }

    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
    public static final class RequestCallback implements
            ConnectionServiceFocusManager.RequestFocusCallback {
        private PendingAction mPendingAction;

        RequestCallback(PendingAction pendingAction) {
            mPendingAction = pendingAction;
        }

        @Override
        public void onRequestFocusDone(ConnectionServiceFocusManager.CallFocus call) {
            if (mPendingAction != null) {
                mPendingAction.performAction();
            }
        }
    }
}