shmem.c revision aaa468653b4a0d11c603c48d716f765177a5a9e4
1/* 2 * Resizable virtual memory filesystem for Linux. 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 2000 Linus Torvalds. 5 * 2000 Transmeta Corp. 6 * 2000-2001 Christoph Rohland 7 * 2000-2001 SAP AG 8 * 2002 Red Hat Inc. 9 * Copyright (C) 2002-2005 Hugh Dickins. 10 * Copyright (C) 2002-2005 VERITAS Software Corporation. 11 * Copyright (C) 2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs 12 * 13 * Extended attribute support for tmpfs: 14 * Copyright (c) 2004, Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@lkcl.net> 15 * Copyright (c) 2004 Red Hat, Inc., James Morris <jmorris@redhat.com> 16 * 17 * tiny-shmem: 18 * Copyright (c) 2004, 2008 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> 19 * 20 * This file is released under the GPL. 21 */ 22 23#include <linux/fs.h> 24#include <linux/init.h> 25#include <linux/vfs.h> 26#include <linux/mount.h> 27#include <linux/pagemap.h> 28#include <linux/file.h> 29#include <linux/mm.h> 30#include <linux/module.h> 31#include <linux/swap.h> 32#include <linux/ima.h> 33 34static struct vfsmount *shm_mnt; 35 36#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM 37/* 38 * This virtual memory filesystem is heavily based on the ramfs. It 39 * extends ramfs by the ability to use swap and honor resource limits 40 * which makes it a completely usable filesystem. 41 */ 42 43#include <linux/xattr.h> 44#include <linux/exportfs.h> 45#include <linux/generic_acl.h> 46#include <linux/mman.h> 47#include <linux/string.h> 48#include <linux/slab.h> 49#include <linux/backing-dev.h> 50#include <linux/shmem_fs.h> 51#include <linux/writeback.h> 52#include <linux/blkdev.h> 53#include <linux/security.h> 54#include <linux/swapops.h> 55#include <linux/mempolicy.h> 56#include <linux/namei.h> 57#include <linux/ctype.h> 58#include <linux/migrate.h> 59#include <linux/highmem.h> 60#include <linux/seq_file.h> 61#include <linux/magic.h> 62 63#include <asm/uaccess.h> 64#include <asm/div64.h> 65#include <asm/pgtable.h> 66 67/* 68 * The maximum size of a shmem/tmpfs file is limited by the maximum size of 69 * its triple-indirect swap vector - see illustration at shmem_swp_entry(). 70 * 71 * With 4kB page size, maximum file size is just over 2TB on a 32-bit kernel, 72 * but one eighth of that on a 64-bit kernel. With 8kB page size, maximum 73 * file size is just over 4TB on a 64-bit kernel, but 16TB on a 32-bit kernel, 74 * MAX_LFS_FILESIZE being then more restrictive than swap vector layout. 75 * 76 * We use / and * instead of shifts in the definitions below, so that the swap 77 * vector can be tested with small even values (e.g. 20) for ENTRIES_PER_PAGE. 78 */ 79#define ENTRIES_PER_PAGE (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE/sizeof(unsigned long)) 80#define ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE ((unsigned long long)ENTRIES_PER_PAGE*ENTRIES_PER_PAGE) 81 82#define SHMSWP_MAX_INDEX (SHMEM_NR_DIRECT + (ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE/2) * (ENTRIES_PER_PAGE+1)) 83#define SHMSWP_MAX_BYTES (SHMSWP_MAX_INDEX << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) 84 85#define SHMEM_MAX_BYTES min_t(unsigned long long, SHMSWP_MAX_BYTES, MAX_LFS_FILESIZE) 86#define SHMEM_MAX_INDEX ((unsigned long)((SHMEM_MAX_BYTES+1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT)) 87 88#define BLOCKS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE/512) 89#define VM_ACCT(size) (PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(size) >> PAGE_SHIFT) 90 91/* info->flags needs VM_flags to handle pagein/truncate races efficiently */ 92#define SHMEM_PAGEIN VM_READ 93#define SHMEM_TRUNCATE VM_WRITE 94 95/* Definition to limit shmem_truncate's steps between cond_rescheds */ 96#define LATENCY_LIMIT 64 97 98/* Pretend that each entry is of this size in directory's i_size */ 99#define BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE 20 100 101/* Flag allocation requirements to shmem_getpage and shmem_swp_alloc */ 102enum sgp_type { 103 SGP_READ, /* don't exceed i_size, don't allocate page */ 104 SGP_CACHE, /* don't exceed i_size, may allocate page */ 105 SGP_DIRTY, /* like SGP_CACHE, but set new page dirty */ 106 SGP_WRITE, /* may exceed i_size, may allocate page */ 107}; 108 109#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 110static unsigned long shmem_default_max_blocks(void) 111{ 112 return totalram_pages / 2; 113} 114 115static unsigned long shmem_default_max_inodes(void) 116{ 117 return min(totalram_pages - totalhigh_pages, totalram_pages / 2); 118} 119#endif 120 121static int shmem_getpage(struct inode *inode, unsigned long idx, 122 struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp, int *type); 123 124static inline struct page *shmem_dir_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask) 125{ 126 /* 127 * The above definition of ENTRIES_PER_PAGE, and the use of 128 * BLOCKS_PER_PAGE on indirect pages, assume PAGE_CACHE_SIZE: 129 * might be reconsidered if it ever diverges from PAGE_SIZE. 130 * 131 * Mobility flags are masked out as swap vectors cannot move 132 */ 133 return alloc_pages((gfp_mask & ~GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) | __GFP_ZERO, 134 PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT); 135} 136 137static inline void shmem_dir_free(struct page *page) 138{ 139 __free_pages(page, PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT); 140} 141 142static struct page **shmem_dir_map(struct page *page) 143{ 144 return (struct page **)kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0); 145} 146 147static inline void shmem_dir_unmap(struct page **dir) 148{ 149 kunmap_atomic(dir, KM_USER0); 150} 151 152static swp_entry_t *shmem_swp_map(struct page *page) 153{ 154 return (swp_entry_t *)kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER1); 155} 156 157static inline void shmem_swp_balance_unmap(void) 158{ 159 /* 160 * When passing a pointer to an i_direct entry, to code which 161 * also handles indirect entries and so will shmem_swp_unmap, 162 * we must arrange for the preempt count to remain in balance. 163 * What kmap_atomic of a lowmem page does depends on config 164 * and architecture, so pretend to kmap_atomic some lowmem page. 165 */ 166 (void) kmap_atomic(ZERO_PAGE(0), KM_USER1); 167} 168 169static inline void shmem_swp_unmap(swp_entry_t *entry) 170{ 171 kunmap_atomic(entry, KM_USER1); 172} 173 174static inline struct shmem_sb_info *SHMEM_SB(struct super_block *sb) 175{ 176 return sb->s_fs_info; 177} 178 179/* 180 * shmem_file_setup pre-accounts the whole fixed size of a VM object, 181 * for shared memory and for shared anonymous (/dev/zero) mappings 182 * (unless MAP_NORESERVE and sysctl_overcommit_memory <= 1), 183 * consistent with the pre-accounting of private mappings ... 184 */ 185static inline int shmem_acct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size) 186{ 187 return (flags & VM_NORESERVE) ? 188 0 : security_vm_enough_memory_kern(VM_ACCT(size)); 189} 190 191static inline void shmem_unacct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size) 192{ 193 if (!(flags & VM_NORESERVE)) 194 vm_unacct_memory(VM_ACCT(size)); 195} 196 197/* 198 * ... whereas tmpfs objects are accounted incrementally as 199 * pages are allocated, in order to allow huge sparse files. 200 * shmem_getpage reports shmem_acct_block failure as -ENOSPC not -ENOMEM, 201 * so that a failure on a sparse tmpfs mapping will give SIGBUS not OOM. 202 */ 203static inline int shmem_acct_block(unsigned long flags) 204{ 205 return (flags & VM_NORESERVE) ? 206 security_vm_enough_memory_kern(VM_ACCT(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)) : 0; 207} 208 209static inline void shmem_unacct_blocks(unsigned long flags, long pages) 210{ 211 if (flags & VM_NORESERVE) 212 vm_unacct_memory(pages * VM_ACCT(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)); 213} 214 215static const struct super_operations shmem_ops; 216static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops; 217static const struct file_operations shmem_file_operations; 218static const struct inode_operations shmem_inode_operations; 219static const struct inode_operations shmem_dir_inode_operations; 220static const struct inode_operations shmem_special_inode_operations; 221static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_vm_ops; 222 223static struct backing_dev_info shmem_backing_dev_info __read_mostly = { 224 .ra_pages = 0, /* No readahead */ 225 .capabilities = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED, 226 .unplug_io_fn = default_unplug_io_fn, 227}; 228 229static LIST_HEAD(shmem_swaplist); 230static DEFINE_MUTEX(shmem_swaplist_mutex); 231 232static void shmem_free_blocks(struct inode *inode, long pages) 233{ 234 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb); 235 if (sbinfo->max_blocks) { 236 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 237 sbinfo->free_blocks += pages; 238 inode->i_blocks -= pages*BLOCKS_PER_PAGE; 239 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 240 } 241} 242 243static int shmem_reserve_inode(struct super_block *sb) 244{ 245 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb); 246 if (sbinfo->max_inodes) { 247 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 248 if (!sbinfo->free_inodes) { 249 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 250 return -ENOSPC; 251 } 252 sbinfo->free_inodes--; 253 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 254 } 255 return 0; 256} 257 258static void shmem_free_inode(struct super_block *sb) 259{ 260 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb); 261 if (sbinfo->max_inodes) { 262 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 263 sbinfo->free_inodes++; 264 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 265 } 266} 267 268/** 269 * shmem_recalc_inode - recalculate the size of an inode 270 * @inode: inode to recalc 271 * 272 * We have to calculate the free blocks since the mm can drop 273 * undirtied hole pages behind our back. 274 * 275 * But normally info->alloced == inode->i_mapping->nrpages + info->swapped 276 * So mm freed is info->alloced - (inode->i_mapping->nrpages + info->swapped) 277 * 278 * It has to be called with the spinlock held. 279 */ 280static void shmem_recalc_inode(struct inode *inode) 281{ 282 struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode); 283 long freed; 284 285 freed = info->alloced - info->swapped - inode->i_mapping->nrpages; 286 if (freed > 0) { 287 info->alloced -= freed; 288 shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, freed); 289 shmem_free_blocks(inode, freed); 290 } 291} 292 293/** 294 * shmem_swp_entry - find the swap vector position in the info structure 295 * @info: info structure for the inode 296 * @index: index of the page to find 297 * @page: optional page to add to the structure. Has to be preset to 298 * all zeros 299 * 300 * If there is no space allocated yet it will return NULL when 301 * page is NULL, else it will use the page for the needed block, 302 * setting it to NULL on return to indicate that it has been used. 303 * 304 * The swap vector is organized the following way: 305 * 306 * There are SHMEM_NR_DIRECT entries directly stored in the 307 * shmem_inode_info structure. So small files do not need an addional 308 * allocation. 309 * 310 * For pages with index > SHMEM_NR_DIRECT there is the pointer 311 * i_indirect which points to a page which holds in the first half 312 * doubly indirect blocks, in the second half triple indirect blocks: 313 * 314 * For an artificial ENTRIES_PER_PAGE = 4 this would lead to the 315 * following layout (for SHMEM_NR_DIRECT == 16): 316 * 317 * i_indirect -> dir --> 16-19 318 * | +-> 20-23 319 * | 320 * +-->dir2 --> 24-27 321 * | +-> 28-31 322 * | +-> 32-35 323 * | +-> 36-39 324 * | 325 * +-->dir3 --> 40-43 326 * +-> 44-47 327 * +-> 48-51 328 * +-> 52-55 329 */ 330static swp_entry_t *shmem_swp_entry(struct shmem_inode_info *info, unsigned long index, struct page **page) 331{ 332 unsigned long offset; 333 struct page **dir; 334 struct page *subdir; 335 336 if (index < SHMEM_NR_DIRECT) { 337 shmem_swp_balance_unmap(); 338 return info->i_direct+index; 339 } 340 if (!info->i_indirect) { 341 if (page) { 342 info->i_indirect = *page; 343 *page = NULL; 344 } 345 return NULL; /* need another page */ 346 } 347 348 index -= SHMEM_NR_DIRECT; 349 offset = index % ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 350 index /= ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 351 dir = shmem_dir_map(info->i_indirect); 352 353 if (index >= ENTRIES_PER_PAGE/2) { 354 index -= ENTRIES_PER_PAGE/2; 355 dir += ENTRIES_PER_PAGE/2 + index/ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 356 index %= ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 357 subdir = *dir; 358 if (!subdir) { 359 if (page) { 360 *dir = *page; 361 *page = NULL; 362 } 363 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 364 return NULL; /* need another page */ 365 } 366 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 367 dir = shmem_dir_map(subdir); 368 } 369 370 dir += index; 371 subdir = *dir; 372 if (!subdir) { 373 if (!page || !(subdir = *page)) { 374 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 375 return NULL; /* need a page */ 376 } 377 *dir = subdir; 378 *page = NULL; 379 } 380 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 381 return shmem_swp_map(subdir) + offset; 382} 383 384static void shmem_swp_set(struct shmem_inode_info *info, swp_entry_t *entry, unsigned long value) 385{ 386 long incdec = value? 1: -1; 387 388 entry->val = value; 389 info->swapped += incdec; 390 if ((unsigned long)(entry - info->i_direct) >= SHMEM_NR_DIRECT) { 391 struct page *page = kmap_atomic_to_page(entry); 392 set_page_private(page, page_private(page) + incdec); 393 } 394} 395 396/** 397 * shmem_swp_alloc - get the position of the swap entry for the page. 398 * @info: info structure for the inode 399 * @index: index of the page to find 400 * @sgp: check and recheck i_size? skip allocation? 401 * 402 * If the entry does not exist, allocate it. 403 */ 404static swp_entry_t *shmem_swp_alloc(struct shmem_inode_info *info, unsigned long index, enum sgp_type sgp) 405{ 406 struct inode *inode = &info->vfs_inode; 407 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb); 408 struct page *page = NULL; 409 swp_entry_t *entry; 410 411 if (sgp != SGP_WRITE && 412 ((loff_t) index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode)) 413 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); 414 415 while (!(entry = shmem_swp_entry(info, index, &page))) { 416 if (sgp == SGP_READ) 417 return shmem_swp_map(ZERO_PAGE(0)); 418 /* 419 * Test free_blocks against 1 not 0, since we have 1 data 420 * page (and perhaps indirect index pages) yet to allocate: 421 * a waste to allocate index if we cannot allocate data. 422 */ 423 if (sbinfo->max_blocks) { 424 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 425 if (sbinfo->free_blocks <= 1) { 426 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 427 return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC); 428 } 429 sbinfo->free_blocks--; 430 inode->i_blocks += BLOCKS_PER_PAGE; 431 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 432 } 433 434 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 435 page = shmem_dir_alloc(mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping)); 436 if (page) 437 set_page_private(page, 0); 438 spin_lock(&info->lock); 439 440 if (!page) { 441 shmem_free_blocks(inode, 1); 442 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); 443 } 444 if (sgp != SGP_WRITE && 445 ((loff_t) index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode)) { 446 entry = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); 447 break; 448 } 449 if (info->next_index <= index) 450 info->next_index = index + 1; 451 } 452 if (page) { 453 /* another task gave its page, or truncated the file */ 454 shmem_free_blocks(inode, 1); 455 shmem_dir_free(page); 456 } 457 if (info->next_index <= index && !IS_ERR(entry)) 458 info->next_index = index + 1; 459 return entry; 460} 461 462/** 463 * shmem_free_swp - free some swap entries in a directory 464 * @dir: pointer to the directory 465 * @edir: pointer after last entry of the directory 466 * @punch_lock: pointer to spinlock when needed for the holepunch case 467 */ 468static int shmem_free_swp(swp_entry_t *dir, swp_entry_t *edir, 469 spinlock_t *punch_lock) 470{ 471 spinlock_t *punch_unlock = NULL; 472 swp_entry_t *ptr; 473 int freed = 0; 474 475 for (ptr = dir; ptr < edir; ptr++) { 476 if (ptr->val) { 477 if (unlikely(punch_lock)) { 478 punch_unlock = punch_lock; 479 punch_lock = NULL; 480 spin_lock(punch_unlock); 481 if (!ptr->val) 482 continue; 483 } 484 free_swap_and_cache(*ptr); 485 *ptr = (swp_entry_t){0}; 486 freed++; 487 } 488 } 489 if (punch_unlock) 490 spin_unlock(punch_unlock); 491 return freed; 492} 493 494static int shmem_map_and_free_swp(struct page *subdir, int offset, 495 int limit, struct page ***dir, spinlock_t *punch_lock) 496{ 497 swp_entry_t *ptr; 498 int freed = 0; 499 500 ptr = shmem_swp_map(subdir); 501 for (; offset < limit; offset += LATENCY_LIMIT) { 502 int size = limit - offset; 503 if (size > LATENCY_LIMIT) 504 size = LATENCY_LIMIT; 505 freed += shmem_free_swp(ptr+offset, ptr+offset+size, 506 punch_lock); 507 if (need_resched()) { 508 shmem_swp_unmap(ptr); 509 if (*dir) { 510 shmem_dir_unmap(*dir); 511 *dir = NULL; 512 } 513 cond_resched(); 514 ptr = shmem_swp_map(subdir); 515 } 516 } 517 shmem_swp_unmap(ptr); 518 return freed; 519} 520 521static void shmem_free_pages(struct list_head *next) 522{ 523 struct page *page; 524 int freed = 0; 525 526 do { 527 page = container_of(next, struct page, lru); 528 next = next->next; 529 shmem_dir_free(page); 530 freed++; 531 if (freed >= LATENCY_LIMIT) { 532 cond_resched(); 533 freed = 0; 534 } 535 } while (next); 536} 537 538static void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t start, loff_t end) 539{ 540 struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode); 541 unsigned long idx; 542 unsigned long size; 543 unsigned long limit; 544 unsigned long stage; 545 unsigned long diroff; 546 struct page **dir; 547 struct page *topdir; 548 struct page *middir; 549 struct page *subdir; 550 swp_entry_t *ptr; 551 LIST_HEAD(pages_to_free); 552 long nr_pages_to_free = 0; 553 long nr_swaps_freed = 0; 554 int offset; 555 int freed; 556 int punch_hole; 557 spinlock_t *needs_lock; 558 spinlock_t *punch_lock; 559 unsigned long upper_limit; 560 561 inode->i_ctime = inode->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME; 562 idx = (start + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 563 if (idx >= info->next_index) 564 return; 565 566 spin_lock(&info->lock); 567 info->flags |= SHMEM_TRUNCATE; 568 if (likely(end == (loff_t) -1)) { 569 limit = info->next_index; 570 upper_limit = SHMEM_MAX_INDEX; 571 info->next_index = idx; 572 needs_lock = NULL; 573 punch_hole = 0; 574 } else { 575 if (end + 1 >= inode->i_size) { /* we may free a little more */ 576 limit = (inode->i_size + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >> 577 PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 578 upper_limit = SHMEM_MAX_INDEX; 579 } else { 580 limit = (end + 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 581 upper_limit = limit; 582 } 583 needs_lock = &info->lock; 584 punch_hole = 1; 585 } 586 587 topdir = info->i_indirect; 588 if (topdir && idx <= SHMEM_NR_DIRECT && !punch_hole) { 589 info->i_indirect = NULL; 590 nr_pages_to_free++; 591 list_add(&topdir->lru, &pages_to_free); 592 } 593 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 594 595 if (info->swapped && idx < SHMEM_NR_DIRECT) { 596 ptr = info->i_direct; 597 size = limit; 598 if (size > SHMEM_NR_DIRECT) 599 size = SHMEM_NR_DIRECT; 600 nr_swaps_freed = shmem_free_swp(ptr+idx, ptr+size, needs_lock); 601 } 602 603 /* 604 * If there are no indirect blocks or we are punching a hole 605 * below indirect blocks, nothing to be done. 606 */ 607 if (!topdir || limit <= SHMEM_NR_DIRECT) 608 goto done2; 609 610 /* 611 * The truncation case has already dropped info->lock, and we're safe 612 * because i_size and next_index have already been lowered, preventing 613 * access beyond. But in the punch_hole case, we still need to take 614 * the lock when updating the swap directory, because there might be 615 * racing accesses by shmem_getpage(SGP_CACHE), shmem_unuse_inode or 616 * shmem_writepage. However, whenever we find we can remove a whole 617 * directory page (not at the misaligned start or end of the range), 618 * we first NULLify its pointer in the level above, and then have no 619 * need to take the lock when updating its contents: needs_lock and 620 * punch_lock (either pointing to info->lock or NULL) manage this. 621 */ 622 623 upper_limit -= SHMEM_NR_DIRECT; 624 limit -= SHMEM_NR_DIRECT; 625 idx = (idx > SHMEM_NR_DIRECT)? (idx - SHMEM_NR_DIRECT): 0; 626 offset = idx % ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 627 idx -= offset; 628 629 dir = shmem_dir_map(topdir); 630 stage = ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE/2; 631 if (idx < ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE/2) { 632 middir = topdir; 633 diroff = idx/ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 634 } else { 635 dir += ENTRIES_PER_PAGE/2; 636 dir += (idx - ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE/2)/ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 637 while (stage <= idx) 638 stage += ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 639 middir = *dir; 640 if (*dir) { 641 diroff = ((idx - ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE/2) % 642 ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE) / ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 643 if (!diroff && !offset && upper_limit >= stage) { 644 if (needs_lock) { 645 spin_lock(needs_lock); 646 *dir = NULL; 647 spin_unlock(needs_lock); 648 needs_lock = NULL; 649 } else 650 *dir = NULL; 651 nr_pages_to_free++; 652 list_add(&middir->lru, &pages_to_free); 653 } 654 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 655 dir = shmem_dir_map(middir); 656 } else { 657 diroff = 0; 658 offset = 0; 659 idx = stage; 660 } 661 } 662 663 for (; idx < limit; idx += ENTRIES_PER_PAGE, diroff++) { 664 if (unlikely(idx == stage)) { 665 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 666 dir = shmem_dir_map(topdir) + 667 ENTRIES_PER_PAGE/2 + idx/ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 668 while (!*dir) { 669 dir++; 670 idx += ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 671 if (idx >= limit) 672 goto done1; 673 } 674 stage = idx + ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 675 middir = *dir; 676 if (punch_hole) 677 needs_lock = &info->lock; 678 if (upper_limit >= stage) { 679 if (needs_lock) { 680 spin_lock(needs_lock); 681 *dir = NULL; 682 spin_unlock(needs_lock); 683 needs_lock = NULL; 684 } else 685 *dir = NULL; 686 nr_pages_to_free++; 687 list_add(&middir->lru, &pages_to_free); 688 } 689 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 690 cond_resched(); 691 dir = shmem_dir_map(middir); 692 diroff = 0; 693 } 694 punch_lock = needs_lock; 695 subdir = dir[diroff]; 696 if (subdir && !offset && upper_limit-idx >= ENTRIES_PER_PAGE) { 697 if (needs_lock) { 698 spin_lock(needs_lock); 699 dir[diroff] = NULL; 700 spin_unlock(needs_lock); 701 punch_lock = NULL; 702 } else 703 dir[diroff] = NULL; 704 nr_pages_to_free++; 705 list_add(&subdir->lru, &pages_to_free); 706 } 707 if (subdir && page_private(subdir) /* has swap entries */) { 708 size = limit - idx; 709 if (size > ENTRIES_PER_PAGE) 710 size = ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 711 freed = shmem_map_and_free_swp(subdir, 712 offset, size, &dir, punch_lock); 713 if (!dir) 714 dir = shmem_dir_map(middir); 715 nr_swaps_freed += freed; 716 if (offset || punch_lock) { 717 spin_lock(&info->lock); 718 set_page_private(subdir, 719 page_private(subdir) - freed); 720 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 721 } else 722 BUG_ON(page_private(subdir) != freed); 723 } 724 offset = 0; 725 } 726done1: 727 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 728done2: 729 if (inode->i_mapping->nrpages && (info->flags & SHMEM_PAGEIN)) { 730 /* 731 * Call truncate_inode_pages again: racing shmem_unuse_inode 732 * may have swizzled a page in from swap since vmtruncate or 733 * generic_delete_inode did it, before we lowered next_index. 734 * Also, though shmem_getpage checks i_size before adding to 735 * cache, no recheck after: so fix the narrow window there too. 736 * 737 * Recalling truncate_inode_pages_range and unmap_mapping_range 738 * every time for punch_hole (which never got a chance to clear 739 * SHMEM_PAGEIN at the start of vmtruncate_range) is expensive, 740 * yet hardly ever necessary: try to optimize them out later. 741 */ 742 truncate_inode_pages_range(inode->i_mapping, start, end); 743 if (punch_hole) 744 unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping, start, 745 end - start, 1); 746 } 747 748 spin_lock(&info->lock); 749 info->flags &= ~SHMEM_TRUNCATE; 750 info->swapped -= nr_swaps_freed; 751 if (nr_pages_to_free) 752 shmem_free_blocks(inode, nr_pages_to_free); 753 shmem_recalc_inode(inode); 754 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 755 756 /* 757 * Empty swap vector directory pages to be freed? 758 */ 759 if (!list_empty(&pages_to_free)) { 760 pages_to_free.prev->next = NULL; 761 shmem_free_pages(pages_to_free.next); 762 } 763} 764 765static void shmem_truncate(struct inode *inode) 766{ 767 shmem_truncate_range(inode, inode->i_size, (loff_t)-1); 768} 769 770static int shmem_notify_change(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr) 771{ 772 struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode; 773 struct page *page = NULL; 774 int error; 775 776 if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE)) { 777 if (attr->ia_size < inode->i_size) { 778 /* 779 * If truncating down to a partial page, then 780 * if that page is already allocated, hold it 781 * in memory until the truncation is over, so 782 * truncate_partial_page cannnot miss it were 783 * it assigned to swap. 784 */ 785 if (attr->ia_size & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-1)) { 786 (void) shmem_getpage(inode, 787 attr->ia_size>>PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT, 788 &page, SGP_READ, NULL); 789 if (page) 790 unlock_page(page); 791 } 792 /* 793 * Reset SHMEM_PAGEIN flag so that shmem_truncate can 794 * detect if any pages might have been added to cache 795 * after truncate_inode_pages. But we needn't bother 796 * if it's being fully truncated to zero-length: the 797 * nrpages check is efficient enough in that case. 798 */ 799 if (attr->ia_size) { 800 struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode); 801 spin_lock(&info->lock); 802 info->flags &= ~SHMEM_PAGEIN; 803 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 804 } 805 } 806 } 807 808 error = inode_change_ok(inode, attr); 809 if (!error) 810 error = inode_setattr(inode, attr); 811#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL 812 if (!error && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)) 813 error = generic_acl_chmod(inode, &shmem_acl_ops); 814#endif 815 if (page) 816 page_cache_release(page); 817 return error; 818} 819 820static void shmem_delete_inode(struct inode *inode) 821{ 822 struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode); 823 824 if (inode->i_op->truncate == shmem_truncate) { 825 truncate_inode_pages(inode->i_mapping, 0); 826 shmem_unacct_size(info->flags, inode->i_size); 827 inode->i_size = 0; 828 shmem_truncate(inode); 829 if (!list_empty(&info->swaplist)) { 830 mutex_lock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 831 list_del_init(&info->swaplist); 832 mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 833 } 834 } 835 BUG_ON(inode->i_blocks); 836 shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb); 837 clear_inode(inode); 838} 839 840static inline int shmem_find_swp(swp_entry_t entry, swp_entry_t *dir, swp_entry_t *edir) 841{ 842 swp_entry_t *ptr; 843 844 for (ptr = dir; ptr < edir; ptr++) { 845 if (ptr->val == entry.val) 846 return ptr - dir; 847 } 848 return -1; 849} 850 851static int shmem_unuse_inode(struct shmem_inode_info *info, swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page) 852{ 853 struct inode *inode; 854 unsigned long idx; 855 unsigned long size; 856 unsigned long limit; 857 unsigned long stage; 858 struct page **dir; 859 struct page *subdir; 860 swp_entry_t *ptr; 861 int offset; 862 int error; 863 864 idx = 0; 865 ptr = info->i_direct; 866 spin_lock(&info->lock); 867 if (!info->swapped) { 868 list_del_init(&info->swaplist); 869 goto lost2; 870 } 871 limit = info->next_index; 872 size = limit; 873 if (size > SHMEM_NR_DIRECT) 874 size = SHMEM_NR_DIRECT; 875 offset = shmem_find_swp(entry, ptr, ptr+size); 876 if (offset >= 0) 877 goto found; 878 if (!info->i_indirect) 879 goto lost2; 880 881 dir = shmem_dir_map(info->i_indirect); 882 stage = SHMEM_NR_DIRECT + ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE/2; 883 884 for (idx = SHMEM_NR_DIRECT; idx < limit; idx += ENTRIES_PER_PAGE, dir++) { 885 if (unlikely(idx == stage)) { 886 shmem_dir_unmap(dir-1); 887 if (cond_resched_lock(&info->lock)) { 888 /* check it has not been truncated */ 889 if (limit > info->next_index) { 890 limit = info->next_index; 891 if (idx >= limit) 892 goto lost2; 893 } 894 } 895 dir = shmem_dir_map(info->i_indirect) + 896 ENTRIES_PER_PAGE/2 + idx/ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 897 while (!*dir) { 898 dir++; 899 idx += ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 900 if (idx >= limit) 901 goto lost1; 902 } 903 stage = idx + ENTRIES_PER_PAGEPAGE; 904 subdir = *dir; 905 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 906 dir = shmem_dir_map(subdir); 907 } 908 subdir = *dir; 909 if (subdir && page_private(subdir)) { 910 ptr = shmem_swp_map(subdir); 911 size = limit - idx; 912 if (size > ENTRIES_PER_PAGE) 913 size = ENTRIES_PER_PAGE; 914 offset = shmem_find_swp(entry, ptr, ptr+size); 915 shmem_swp_unmap(ptr); 916 if (offset >= 0) { 917 shmem_dir_unmap(dir); 918 goto found; 919 } 920 } 921 } 922lost1: 923 shmem_dir_unmap(dir-1); 924lost2: 925 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 926 return 0; 927found: 928 idx += offset; 929 inode = igrab(&info->vfs_inode); 930 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 931 932 /* 933 * Move _head_ to start search for next from here. 934 * But be careful: shmem_delete_inode checks list_empty without taking 935 * mutex, and there's an instant in list_move_tail when info->swaplist 936 * would appear empty, if it were the only one on shmem_swaplist. We 937 * could avoid doing it if inode NULL; or use this minor optimization. 938 */ 939 if (shmem_swaplist.next != &info->swaplist) 940 list_move_tail(&shmem_swaplist, &info->swaplist); 941 mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 942 943 error = 1; 944 if (!inode) 945 goto out; 946 /* 947 * Charge page using GFP_KERNEL while we can wait. 948 * Charged back to the user(not to caller) when swap account is used. 949 * add_to_page_cache() will be called with GFP_NOWAIT. 950 */ 951 error = mem_cgroup_cache_charge(page, current->mm, GFP_KERNEL); 952 if (error) 953 goto out; 954 error = radix_tree_preload(GFP_KERNEL); 955 if (error) { 956 mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(page); 957 goto out; 958 } 959 error = 1; 960 961 spin_lock(&info->lock); 962 ptr = shmem_swp_entry(info, idx, NULL); 963 if (ptr && ptr->val == entry.val) { 964 error = add_to_page_cache_locked(page, inode->i_mapping, 965 idx, GFP_NOWAIT); 966 /* does mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page on error */ 967 } else /* we must compensate for our precharge above */ 968 mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(page); 969 970 if (error == -EEXIST) { 971 struct page *filepage = find_get_page(inode->i_mapping, idx); 972 error = 1; 973 if (filepage) { 974 /* 975 * There might be a more uptodate page coming down 976 * from a stacked writepage: forget our swappage if so. 977 */ 978 if (PageUptodate(filepage)) 979 error = 0; 980 page_cache_release(filepage); 981 } 982 } 983 if (!error) { 984 delete_from_swap_cache(page); 985 set_page_dirty(page); 986 info->flags |= SHMEM_PAGEIN; 987 shmem_swp_set(info, ptr, 0); 988 swap_free(entry); 989 error = 1; /* not an error, but entry was found */ 990 } 991 if (ptr) 992 shmem_swp_unmap(ptr); 993 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 994 radix_tree_preload_end(); 995out: 996 unlock_page(page); 997 page_cache_release(page); 998 iput(inode); /* allows for NULL */ 999 return error; 1000} 1001 1002/* 1003 * shmem_unuse() search for an eventually swapped out shmem page. 1004 */ 1005int shmem_unuse(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page) 1006{ 1007 struct list_head *p, *next; 1008 struct shmem_inode_info *info; 1009 int found = 0; 1010 1011 mutex_lock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 1012 list_for_each_safe(p, next, &shmem_swaplist) { 1013 info = list_entry(p, struct shmem_inode_info, swaplist); 1014 found = shmem_unuse_inode(info, entry, page); 1015 cond_resched(); 1016 if (found) 1017 goto out; 1018 } 1019 mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 1020 /* 1021 * Can some race bring us here? We've been holding page lock, 1022 * so I think not; but would rather try again later than BUG() 1023 */ 1024 unlock_page(page); 1025 page_cache_release(page); 1026out: 1027 return (found < 0) ? found : 0; 1028} 1029 1030/* 1031 * Move the page from the page cache to the swap cache. 1032 */ 1033static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc) 1034{ 1035 struct shmem_inode_info *info; 1036 swp_entry_t *entry, swap; 1037 struct address_space *mapping; 1038 unsigned long index; 1039 struct inode *inode; 1040 1041 BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page)); 1042 mapping = page->mapping; 1043 index = page->index; 1044 inode = mapping->host; 1045 info = SHMEM_I(inode); 1046 if (info->flags & VM_LOCKED) 1047 goto redirty; 1048 if (!total_swap_pages) 1049 goto redirty; 1050 1051 /* 1052 * shmem_backing_dev_info's capabilities prevent regular writeback or 1053 * sync from ever calling shmem_writepage; but a stacking filesystem 1054 * may use the ->writepage of its underlying filesystem, in which case 1055 * tmpfs should write out to swap only in response to memory pressure, 1056 * and not for the writeback threads or sync. However, in those cases, 1057 * we do still want to check if there's a redundant swappage to be 1058 * discarded. 1059 */ 1060 if (wbc->for_reclaim) 1061 swap = get_swap_page(); 1062 else 1063 swap.val = 0; 1064 1065 spin_lock(&info->lock); 1066 if (index >= info->next_index) { 1067 BUG_ON(!(info->flags & SHMEM_TRUNCATE)); 1068 goto unlock; 1069 } 1070 entry = shmem_swp_entry(info, index, NULL); 1071 if (entry->val) { 1072 /* 1073 * The more uptodate page coming down from a stacked 1074 * writepage should replace our old swappage. 1075 */ 1076 free_swap_and_cache(*entry); 1077 shmem_swp_set(info, entry, 0); 1078 } 1079 shmem_recalc_inode(inode); 1080 1081 if (swap.val && add_to_swap_cache(page, swap, GFP_ATOMIC) == 0) { 1082 remove_from_page_cache(page); 1083 shmem_swp_set(info, entry, swap.val); 1084 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1085 if (list_empty(&info->swaplist)) 1086 inode = igrab(inode); 1087 else 1088 inode = NULL; 1089 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1090 swap_shmem_alloc(swap); 1091 BUG_ON(page_mapped(page)); 1092 page_cache_release(page); /* pagecache ref */ 1093 swap_writepage(page, wbc); 1094 if (inode) { 1095 mutex_lock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 1096 /* move instead of add in case we're racing */ 1097 list_move_tail(&info->swaplist, &shmem_swaplist); 1098 mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex); 1099 iput(inode); 1100 } 1101 return 0; 1102 } 1103 1104 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1105unlock: 1106 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1107 /* 1108 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely 1109 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag. 1110 */ 1111 swapcache_free(swap, NULL); 1112redirty: 1113 set_page_dirty(page); 1114 if (wbc->for_reclaim) 1115 return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE; /* Return with page locked */ 1116 unlock_page(page); 1117 return 0; 1118} 1119 1120#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA 1121#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 1122static void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *mpol) 1123{ 1124 char buffer[64]; 1125 1126 if (!mpol || mpol->mode == MPOL_DEFAULT) 1127 return; /* show nothing */ 1128 1129 mpol_to_str(buffer, sizeof(buffer), mpol, 1); 1130 1131 seq_printf(seq, ",mpol=%s", buffer); 1132} 1133 1134static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_sbmpol(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo) 1135{ 1136 struct mempolicy *mpol = NULL; 1137 if (sbinfo->mpol) { 1138 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); /* prevent replace/use races */ 1139 mpol = sbinfo->mpol; 1140 mpol_get(mpol); 1141 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 1142 } 1143 return mpol; 1144} 1145#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */ 1146 1147static struct page *shmem_swapin(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp, 1148 struct shmem_inode_info *info, unsigned long idx) 1149{ 1150 struct mempolicy mpol, *spol; 1151 struct vm_area_struct pvma; 1152 struct page *page; 1153 1154 spol = mpol_cond_copy(&mpol, 1155 mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&info->policy, idx)); 1156 1157 /* Create a pseudo vma that just contains the policy */ 1158 pvma.vm_start = 0; 1159 pvma.vm_pgoff = idx; 1160 pvma.vm_ops = NULL; 1161 pvma.vm_policy = spol; 1162 page = swapin_readahead(entry, gfp, &pvma, 0); 1163 return page; 1164} 1165 1166static struct page *shmem_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp, 1167 struct shmem_inode_info *info, unsigned long idx) 1168{ 1169 struct vm_area_struct pvma; 1170 1171 /* Create a pseudo vma that just contains the policy */ 1172 pvma.vm_start = 0; 1173 pvma.vm_pgoff = idx; 1174 pvma.vm_ops = NULL; 1175 pvma.vm_policy = mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&info->policy, idx); 1176 1177 /* 1178 * alloc_page_vma() will drop the shared policy reference 1179 */ 1180 return alloc_page_vma(gfp, &pvma, 0); 1181} 1182#else /* !CONFIG_NUMA */ 1183#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 1184static inline void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *p) 1185{ 1186} 1187#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */ 1188 1189static inline struct page *shmem_swapin(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp, 1190 struct shmem_inode_info *info, unsigned long idx) 1191{ 1192 return swapin_readahead(entry, gfp, NULL, 0); 1193} 1194 1195static inline struct page *shmem_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp, 1196 struct shmem_inode_info *info, unsigned long idx) 1197{ 1198 return alloc_page(gfp); 1199} 1200#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */ 1201 1202#if !defined(CONFIG_NUMA) || !defined(CONFIG_TMPFS) 1203static inline struct mempolicy *shmem_get_sbmpol(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo) 1204{ 1205 return NULL; 1206} 1207#endif 1208 1209/* 1210 * shmem_getpage - either get the page from swap or allocate a new one 1211 * 1212 * If we allocate a new one we do not mark it dirty. That's up to the 1213 * vm. If we swap it in we mark it dirty since we also free the swap 1214 * entry since a page cannot live in both the swap and page cache 1215 */ 1216static int shmem_getpage(struct inode *inode, unsigned long idx, 1217 struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp, int *type) 1218{ 1219 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; 1220 struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode); 1221 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo; 1222 struct page *filepage = *pagep; 1223 struct page *swappage; 1224 swp_entry_t *entry; 1225 swp_entry_t swap; 1226 gfp_t gfp; 1227 int error; 1228 1229 if (idx >= SHMEM_MAX_INDEX) 1230 return -EFBIG; 1231 1232 if (type) 1233 *type = 0; 1234 1235 /* 1236 * Normally, filepage is NULL on entry, and either found 1237 * uptodate immediately, or allocated and zeroed, or read 1238 * in under swappage, which is then assigned to filepage. 1239 * But shmem_readpage (required for splice) passes in a locked 1240 * filepage, which may be found not uptodate by other callers 1241 * too, and may need to be copied from the swappage read in. 1242 */ 1243repeat: 1244 if (!filepage) 1245 filepage = find_lock_page(mapping, idx); 1246 if (filepage && PageUptodate(filepage)) 1247 goto done; 1248 error = 0; 1249 gfp = mapping_gfp_mask(mapping); 1250 if (!filepage) { 1251 /* 1252 * Try to preload while we can wait, to not make a habit of 1253 * draining atomic reserves; but don't latch on to this cpu. 1254 */ 1255 error = radix_tree_preload(gfp & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM); 1256 if (error) 1257 goto failed; 1258 radix_tree_preload_end(); 1259 } 1260 1261 spin_lock(&info->lock); 1262 shmem_recalc_inode(inode); 1263 entry = shmem_swp_alloc(info, idx, sgp); 1264 if (IS_ERR(entry)) { 1265 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1266 error = PTR_ERR(entry); 1267 goto failed; 1268 } 1269 swap = *entry; 1270 1271 if (swap.val) { 1272 /* Look it up and read it in.. */ 1273 swappage = lookup_swap_cache(swap); 1274 if (!swappage) { 1275 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1276 /* here we actually do the io */ 1277 if (type && !(*type & VM_FAULT_MAJOR)) { 1278 __count_vm_event(PGMAJFAULT); 1279 *type |= VM_FAULT_MAJOR; 1280 } 1281 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1282 swappage = shmem_swapin(swap, gfp, info, idx); 1283 if (!swappage) { 1284 spin_lock(&info->lock); 1285 entry = shmem_swp_alloc(info, idx, sgp); 1286 if (IS_ERR(entry)) 1287 error = PTR_ERR(entry); 1288 else { 1289 if (entry->val == swap.val) 1290 error = -ENOMEM; 1291 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1292 } 1293 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1294 if (error) 1295 goto failed; 1296 goto repeat; 1297 } 1298 wait_on_page_locked(swappage); 1299 page_cache_release(swappage); 1300 goto repeat; 1301 } 1302 1303 /* We have to do this with page locked to prevent races */ 1304 if (!trylock_page(swappage)) { 1305 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1306 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1307 wait_on_page_locked(swappage); 1308 page_cache_release(swappage); 1309 goto repeat; 1310 } 1311 if (PageWriteback(swappage)) { 1312 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1313 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1314 wait_on_page_writeback(swappage); 1315 unlock_page(swappage); 1316 page_cache_release(swappage); 1317 goto repeat; 1318 } 1319 if (!PageUptodate(swappage)) { 1320 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1321 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1322 unlock_page(swappage); 1323 page_cache_release(swappage); 1324 error = -EIO; 1325 goto failed; 1326 } 1327 1328 if (filepage) { 1329 shmem_swp_set(info, entry, 0); 1330 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1331 delete_from_swap_cache(swappage); 1332 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1333 copy_highpage(filepage, swappage); 1334 unlock_page(swappage); 1335 page_cache_release(swappage); 1336 flush_dcache_page(filepage); 1337 SetPageUptodate(filepage); 1338 set_page_dirty(filepage); 1339 swap_free(swap); 1340 } else if (!(error = add_to_page_cache_locked(swappage, mapping, 1341 idx, GFP_NOWAIT))) { 1342 info->flags |= SHMEM_PAGEIN; 1343 shmem_swp_set(info, entry, 0); 1344 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1345 delete_from_swap_cache(swappage); 1346 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1347 filepage = swappage; 1348 set_page_dirty(filepage); 1349 swap_free(swap); 1350 } else { 1351 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1352 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1353 if (error == -ENOMEM) { 1354 /* 1355 * reclaim from proper memory cgroup and 1356 * call memcg's OOM if needed. 1357 */ 1358 error = mem_cgroup_shmem_charge_fallback( 1359 swappage, 1360 current->mm, 1361 gfp); 1362 if (error) { 1363 unlock_page(swappage); 1364 page_cache_release(swappage); 1365 goto failed; 1366 } 1367 } 1368 unlock_page(swappage); 1369 page_cache_release(swappage); 1370 goto repeat; 1371 } 1372 } else if (sgp == SGP_READ && !filepage) { 1373 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1374 filepage = find_get_page(mapping, idx); 1375 if (filepage && 1376 (!PageUptodate(filepage) || !trylock_page(filepage))) { 1377 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1378 wait_on_page_locked(filepage); 1379 page_cache_release(filepage); 1380 filepage = NULL; 1381 goto repeat; 1382 } 1383 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1384 } else { 1385 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1386 sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb); 1387 if (sbinfo->max_blocks) { 1388 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 1389 if (sbinfo->free_blocks == 0 || 1390 shmem_acct_block(info->flags)) { 1391 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 1392 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1393 error = -ENOSPC; 1394 goto failed; 1395 } 1396 sbinfo->free_blocks--; 1397 inode->i_blocks += BLOCKS_PER_PAGE; 1398 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 1399 } else if (shmem_acct_block(info->flags)) { 1400 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1401 error = -ENOSPC; 1402 goto failed; 1403 } 1404 1405 if (!filepage) { 1406 int ret; 1407 1408 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1409 filepage = shmem_alloc_page(gfp, info, idx); 1410 if (!filepage) { 1411 shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, 1); 1412 shmem_free_blocks(inode, 1); 1413 error = -ENOMEM; 1414 goto failed; 1415 } 1416 SetPageSwapBacked(filepage); 1417 1418 /* Precharge page while we can wait, compensate after */ 1419 error = mem_cgroup_cache_charge(filepage, current->mm, 1420 GFP_KERNEL); 1421 if (error) { 1422 page_cache_release(filepage); 1423 shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, 1); 1424 shmem_free_blocks(inode, 1); 1425 filepage = NULL; 1426 goto failed; 1427 } 1428 1429 spin_lock(&info->lock); 1430 entry = shmem_swp_alloc(info, idx, sgp); 1431 if (IS_ERR(entry)) 1432 error = PTR_ERR(entry); 1433 else { 1434 swap = *entry; 1435 shmem_swp_unmap(entry); 1436 } 1437 ret = error || swap.val; 1438 if (ret) 1439 mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(filepage); 1440 else 1441 ret = add_to_page_cache_lru(filepage, mapping, 1442 idx, GFP_NOWAIT); 1443 /* 1444 * At add_to_page_cache_lru() failure, uncharge will 1445 * be done automatically. 1446 */ 1447 if (ret) { 1448 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1449 page_cache_release(filepage); 1450 shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, 1); 1451 shmem_free_blocks(inode, 1); 1452 filepage = NULL; 1453 if (error) 1454 goto failed; 1455 goto repeat; 1456 } 1457 info->flags |= SHMEM_PAGEIN; 1458 } 1459 1460 info->alloced++; 1461 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1462 clear_highpage(filepage); 1463 flush_dcache_page(filepage); 1464 SetPageUptodate(filepage); 1465 if (sgp == SGP_DIRTY) 1466 set_page_dirty(filepage); 1467 } 1468done: 1469 *pagep = filepage; 1470 return 0; 1471 1472failed: 1473 if (*pagep != filepage) { 1474 unlock_page(filepage); 1475 page_cache_release(filepage); 1476 } 1477 return error; 1478} 1479 1480static int shmem_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf) 1481{ 1482 struct inode *inode = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode; 1483 int error; 1484 int ret; 1485 1486 if (((loff_t)vmf->pgoff << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode)) 1487 return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; 1488 1489 error = shmem_getpage(inode, vmf->pgoff, &vmf->page, SGP_CACHE, &ret); 1490 if (error) 1491 return ((error == -ENOMEM) ? VM_FAULT_OOM : VM_FAULT_SIGBUS); 1492 1493 return ret | VM_FAULT_LOCKED; 1494} 1495 1496#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA 1497static int shmem_set_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *new) 1498{ 1499 struct inode *i = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode; 1500 return mpol_set_shared_policy(&SHMEM_I(i)->policy, vma, new); 1501} 1502 1503static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma, 1504 unsigned long addr) 1505{ 1506 struct inode *i = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode; 1507 unsigned long idx; 1508 1509 idx = ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff; 1510 return mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&SHMEM_I(i)->policy, idx); 1511} 1512#endif 1513 1514int shmem_lock(struct file *file, int lock, struct user_struct *user) 1515{ 1516 struct inode *inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode; 1517 struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode); 1518 int retval = -ENOMEM; 1519 1520 spin_lock(&info->lock); 1521 if (lock && !(info->flags & VM_LOCKED)) { 1522 if (!user_shm_lock(inode->i_size, user)) 1523 goto out_nomem; 1524 info->flags |= VM_LOCKED; 1525 mapping_set_unevictable(file->f_mapping); 1526 } 1527 if (!lock && (info->flags & VM_LOCKED) && user) { 1528 user_shm_unlock(inode->i_size, user); 1529 info->flags &= ~VM_LOCKED; 1530 mapping_clear_unevictable(file->f_mapping); 1531 scan_mapping_unevictable_pages(file->f_mapping); 1532 } 1533 retval = 0; 1534 1535out_nomem: 1536 spin_unlock(&info->lock); 1537 return retval; 1538} 1539 1540static int shmem_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma) 1541{ 1542 file_accessed(file); 1543 vma->vm_ops = &shmem_vm_ops; 1544 vma->vm_flags |= VM_CAN_NONLINEAR; 1545 return 0; 1546} 1547 1548static struct inode *shmem_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode, 1549 dev_t dev, unsigned long flags) 1550{ 1551 struct inode *inode; 1552 struct shmem_inode_info *info; 1553 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb); 1554 1555 if (shmem_reserve_inode(sb)) 1556 return NULL; 1557 1558 inode = new_inode(sb); 1559 if (inode) { 1560 inode->i_mode = mode; 1561 inode->i_uid = current_fsuid(); 1562 inode->i_gid = current_fsgid(); 1563 inode->i_blocks = 0; 1564 inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info = &shmem_backing_dev_info; 1565 inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME; 1566 inode->i_generation = get_seconds(); 1567 info = SHMEM_I(inode); 1568 memset(info, 0, (char *)inode - (char *)info); 1569 spin_lock_init(&info->lock); 1570 info->flags = flags & VM_NORESERVE; 1571 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&info->swaplist); 1572 cache_no_acl(inode); 1573 1574 switch (mode & S_IFMT) { 1575 default: 1576 inode->i_op = &shmem_special_inode_operations; 1577 init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev); 1578 break; 1579 case S_IFREG: 1580 inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &shmem_aops; 1581 inode->i_op = &shmem_inode_operations; 1582 inode->i_fop = &shmem_file_operations; 1583 mpol_shared_policy_init(&info->policy, 1584 shmem_get_sbmpol(sbinfo)); 1585 break; 1586 case S_IFDIR: 1587 inc_nlink(inode); 1588 /* Some things misbehave if size == 0 on a directory */ 1589 inode->i_size = 2 * BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1590 inode->i_op = &shmem_dir_inode_operations; 1591 inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations; 1592 break; 1593 case S_IFLNK: 1594 /* 1595 * Must not load anything in the rbtree, 1596 * mpol_free_shared_policy will not be called. 1597 */ 1598 mpol_shared_policy_init(&info->policy, NULL); 1599 break; 1600 } 1601 } else 1602 shmem_free_inode(sb); 1603 return inode; 1604} 1605 1606#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 1607static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inode_operations; 1608static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inline_operations; 1609 1610/* 1611 * Normally tmpfs avoids the use of shmem_readpage and shmem_write_begin; 1612 * but providing them allows a tmpfs file to be used for splice, sendfile, and 1613 * below the loop driver, in the generic fashion that many filesystems support. 1614 */ 1615static int shmem_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page) 1616{ 1617 struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host; 1618 int error = shmem_getpage(inode, page->index, &page, SGP_CACHE, NULL); 1619 unlock_page(page); 1620 return error; 1621} 1622 1623static int 1624shmem_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, 1625 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags, 1626 struct page **pagep, void **fsdata) 1627{ 1628 struct inode *inode = mapping->host; 1629 pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 1630 *pagep = NULL; 1631 return shmem_getpage(inode, index, pagep, SGP_WRITE, NULL); 1632} 1633 1634static int 1635shmem_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping, 1636 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied, 1637 struct page *page, void *fsdata) 1638{ 1639 struct inode *inode = mapping->host; 1640 1641 if (pos + copied > inode->i_size) 1642 i_size_write(inode, pos + copied); 1643 1644 set_page_dirty(page); 1645 unlock_page(page); 1646 page_cache_release(page); 1647 1648 return copied; 1649} 1650 1651static void do_shmem_file_read(struct file *filp, loff_t *ppos, read_descriptor_t *desc, read_actor_t actor) 1652{ 1653 struct inode *inode = filp->f_path.dentry->d_inode; 1654 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; 1655 unsigned long index, offset; 1656 enum sgp_type sgp = SGP_READ; 1657 1658 /* 1659 * Might this read be for a stacking filesystem? Then when reading 1660 * holes of a sparse file, we actually need to allocate those pages, 1661 * and even mark them dirty, so it cannot exceed the max_blocks limit. 1662 */ 1663 if (segment_eq(get_fs(), KERNEL_DS)) 1664 sgp = SGP_DIRTY; 1665 1666 index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 1667 offset = *ppos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; 1668 1669 for (;;) { 1670 struct page *page = NULL; 1671 unsigned long end_index, nr, ret; 1672 loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode); 1673 1674 end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 1675 if (index > end_index) 1676 break; 1677 if (index == end_index) { 1678 nr = i_size & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; 1679 if (nr <= offset) 1680 break; 1681 } 1682 1683 desc->error = shmem_getpage(inode, index, &page, sgp, NULL); 1684 if (desc->error) { 1685 if (desc->error == -EINVAL) 1686 desc->error = 0; 1687 break; 1688 } 1689 if (page) 1690 unlock_page(page); 1691 1692 /* 1693 * We must evaluate after, since reads (unlike writes) 1694 * are called without i_mutex protection against truncate 1695 */ 1696 nr = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE; 1697 i_size = i_size_read(inode); 1698 end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 1699 if (index == end_index) { 1700 nr = i_size & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; 1701 if (nr <= offset) { 1702 if (page) 1703 page_cache_release(page); 1704 break; 1705 } 1706 } 1707 nr -= offset; 1708 1709 if (page) { 1710 /* 1711 * If users can be writing to this page using arbitrary 1712 * virtual addresses, take care about potential aliasing 1713 * before reading the page on the kernel side. 1714 */ 1715 if (mapping_writably_mapped(mapping)) 1716 flush_dcache_page(page); 1717 /* 1718 * Mark the page accessed if we read the beginning. 1719 */ 1720 if (!offset) 1721 mark_page_accessed(page); 1722 } else { 1723 page = ZERO_PAGE(0); 1724 page_cache_get(page); 1725 } 1726 1727 /* 1728 * Ok, we have the page, and it's up-to-date, so 1729 * now we can copy it to user space... 1730 * 1731 * The actor routine returns how many bytes were actually used.. 1732 * NOTE! This may not be the same as how much of a user buffer 1733 * we filled up (we may be padding etc), so we can only update 1734 * "pos" here (the actor routine has to update the user buffer 1735 * pointers and the remaining count). 1736 */ 1737 ret = actor(desc, page, offset, nr); 1738 offset += ret; 1739 index += offset >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 1740 offset &= ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK; 1741 1742 page_cache_release(page); 1743 if (ret != nr || !desc->count) 1744 break; 1745 1746 cond_resched(); 1747 } 1748 1749 *ppos = ((loff_t) index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) + offset; 1750 file_accessed(filp); 1751} 1752 1753static ssize_t shmem_file_aio_read(struct kiocb *iocb, 1754 const struct iovec *iov, unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos) 1755{ 1756 struct file *filp = iocb->ki_filp; 1757 ssize_t retval; 1758 unsigned long seg; 1759 size_t count; 1760 loff_t *ppos = &iocb->ki_pos; 1761 1762 retval = generic_segment_checks(iov, &nr_segs, &count, VERIFY_WRITE); 1763 if (retval) 1764 return retval; 1765 1766 for (seg = 0; seg < nr_segs; seg++) { 1767 read_descriptor_t desc; 1768 1769 desc.written = 0; 1770 desc.arg.buf = iov[seg].iov_base; 1771 desc.count = iov[seg].iov_len; 1772 if (desc.count == 0) 1773 continue; 1774 desc.error = 0; 1775 do_shmem_file_read(filp, ppos, &desc, file_read_actor); 1776 retval += desc.written; 1777 if (desc.error) { 1778 retval = retval ?: desc.error; 1779 break; 1780 } 1781 if (desc.count > 0) 1782 break; 1783 } 1784 return retval; 1785} 1786 1787static int shmem_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf) 1788{ 1789 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(dentry->d_sb); 1790 1791 buf->f_type = TMPFS_MAGIC; 1792 buf->f_bsize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE; 1793 buf->f_namelen = NAME_MAX; 1794 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 1795 if (sbinfo->max_blocks) { 1796 buf->f_blocks = sbinfo->max_blocks; 1797 buf->f_bavail = buf->f_bfree = sbinfo->free_blocks; 1798 } 1799 if (sbinfo->max_inodes) { 1800 buf->f_files = sbinfo->max_inodes; 1801 buf->f_ffree = sbinfo->free_inodes; 1802 } 1803 /* else leave those fields 0 like simple_statfs */ 1804 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 1805 return 0; 1806} 1807 1808/* 1809 * File creation. Allocate an inode, and we're done.. 1810 */ 1811static int 1812shmem_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev) 1813{ 1814 struct inode *inode; 1815 int error = -ENOSPC; 1816 1817 inode = shmem_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev, VM_NORESERVE); 1818 if (inode) { 1819 error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir, NULL, NULL, 1820 NULL); 1821 if (error) { 1822 if (error != -EOPNOTSUPP) { 1823 iput(inode); 1824 return error; 1825 } 1826 } 1827 error = shmem_acl_init(inode, dir); 1828 if (error) { 1829 iput(inode); 1830 return error; 1831 } 1832 if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID) { 1833 inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid; 1834 if (S_ISDIR(mode)) 1835 inode->i_mode |= S_ISGID; 1836 } 1837 dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1838 dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME; 1839 d_instantiate(dentry, inode); 1840 dget(dentry); /* Extra count - pin the dentry in core */ 1841 } 1842 return error; 1843} 1844 1845static int shmem_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode) 1846{ 1847 int error; 1848 1849 if ((error = shmem_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFDIR, 0))) 1850 return error; 1851 inc_nlink(dir); 1852 return 0; 1853} 1854 1855static int shmem_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, 1856 struct nameidata *nd) 1857{ 1858 return shmem_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0); 1859} 1860 1861/* 1862 * Link a file.. 1863 */ 1864static int shmem_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry) 1865{ 1866 struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode; 1867 int ret; 1868 1869 /* 1870 * No ordinary (disk based) filesystem counts links as inodes; 1871 * but each new link needs a new dentry, pinning lowmem, and 1872 * tmpfs dentries cannot be pruned until they are unlinked. 1873 */ 1874 ret = shmem_reserve_inode(inode->i_sb); 1875 if (ret) 1876 goto out; 1877 1878 dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1879 inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME; 1880 inc_nlink(inode); 1881 atomic_inc(&inode->i_count); /* New dentry reference */ 1882 dget(dentry); /* Extra pinning count for the created dentry */ 1883 d_instantiate(dentry, inode); 1884out: 1885 return ret; 1886} 1887 1888static int shmem_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry) 1889{ 1890 struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode; 1891 1892 if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) 1893 shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb); 1894 1895 dir->i_size -= BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1896 inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME; 1897 drop_nlink(inode); 1898 dput(dentry); /* Undo the count from "create" - this does all the work */ 1899 return 0; 1900} 1901 1902static int shmem_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry) 1903{ 1904 if (!simple_empty(dentry)) 1905 return -ENOTEMPTY; 1906 1907 drop_nlink(dentry->d_inode); 1908 drop_nlink(dir); 1909 return shmem_unlink(dir, dentry); 1910} 1911 1912/* 1913 * The VFS layer already does all the dentry stuff for rename, 1914 * we just have to decrement the usage count for the target if 1915 * it exists so that the VFS layer correctly free's it when it 1916 * gets overwritten. 1917 */ 1918static int shmem_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry) 1919{ 1920 struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode; 1921 int they_are_dirs = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode); 1922 1923 if (!simple_empty(new_dentry)) 1924 return -ENOTEMPTY; 1925 1926 if (new_dentry->d_inode) { 1927 (void) shmem_unlink(new_dir, new_dentry); 1928 if (they_are_dirs) 1929 drop_nlink(old_dir); 1930 } else if (they_are_dirs) { 1931 drop_nlink(old_dir); 1932 inc_nlink(new_dir); 1933 } 1934 1935 old_dir->i_size -= BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1936 new_dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1937 old_dir->i_ctime = old_dir->i_mtime = 1938 new_dir->i_ctime = new_dir->i_mtime = 1939 inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME; 1940 return 0; 1941} 1942 1943static int shmem_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname) 1944{ 1945 int error; 1946 int len; 1947 struct inode *inode; 1948 struct page *page = NULL; 1949 char *kaddr; 1950 struct shmem_inode_info *info; 1951 1952 len = strlen(symname) + 1; 1953 if (len > PAGE_CACHE_SIZE) 1954 return -ENAMETOOLONG; 1955 1956 inode = shmem_get_inode(dir->i_sb, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, 0, VM_NORESERVE); 1957 if (!inode) 1958 return -ENOSPC; 1959 1960 error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir, NULL, NULL, 1961 NULL); 1962 if (error) { 1963 if (error != -EOPNOTSUPP) { 1964 iput(inode); 1965 return error; 1966 } 1967 error = 0; 1968 } 1969 1970 info = SHMEM_I(inode); 1971 inode->i_size = len-1; 1972 if (len <= (char *)inode - (char *)info) { 1973 /* do it inline */ 1974 memcpy(info, symname, len); 1975 inode->i_op = &shmem_symlink_inline_operations; 1976 } else { 1977 error = shmem_getpage(inode, 0, &page, SGP_WRITE, NULL); 1978 if (error) { 1979 iput(inode); 1980 return error; 1981 } 1982 inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &shmem_aops; 1983 inode->i_op = &shmem_symlink_inode_operations; 1984 kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0); 1985 memcpy(kaddr, symname, len); 1986 kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0); 1987 set_page_dirty(page); 1988 unlock_page(page); 1989 page_cache_release(page); 1990 } 1991 if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID) 1992 inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid; 1993 dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE; 1994 dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME; 1995 d_instantiate(dentry, inode); 1996 dget(dentry); 1997 return 0; 1998} 1999 2000static void *shmem_follow_link_inline(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd) 2001{ 2002 nd_set_link(nd, (char *)SHMEM_I(dentry->d_inode)); 2003 return NULL; 2004} 2005 2006static void *shmem_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd) 2007{ 2008 struct page *page = NULL; 2009 int res = shmem_getpage(dentry->d_inode, 0, &page, SGP_READ, NULL); 2010 nd_set_link(nd, res ? ERR_PTR(res) : kmap(page)); 2011 if (page) 2012 unlock_page(page); 2013 return page; 2014} 2015 2016static void shmem_put_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd, void *cookie) 2017{ 2018 if (!IS_ERR(nd_get_link(nd))) { 2019 struct page *page = cookie; 2020 kunmap(page); 2021 mark_page_accessed(page); 2022 page_cache_release(page); 2023 } 2024} 2025 2026static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inline_operations = { 2027 .readlink = generic_readlink, 2028 .follow_link = shmem_follow_link_inline, 2029}; 2030 2031static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inode_operations = { 2032 .truncate = shmem_truncate, 2033 .readlink = generic_readlink, 2034 .follow_link = shmem_follow_link, 2035 .put_link = shmem_put_link, 2036}; 2037 2038#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL 2039/* 2040 * Superblocks without xattr inode operations will get security.* xattr 2041 * support from the VFS "for free". As soon as we have any other xattrs 2042 * like ACLs, we also need to implement the security.* handlers at 2043 * filesystem level, though. 2044 */ 2045 2046static size_t shmem_xattr_security_list(struct inode *inode, char *list, 2047 size_t list_len, const char *name, 2048 size_t name_len) 2049{ 2050 return security_inode_listsecurity(inode, list, list_len); 2051} 2052 2053static int shmem_xattr_security_get(struct inode *inode, const char *name, 2054 void *buffer, size_t size) 2055{ 2056 if (strcmp(name, "") == 0) 2057 return -EINVAL; 2058 return xattr_getsecurity(inode, name, buffer, size); 2059} 2060 2061static int shmem_xattr_security_set(struct inode *inode, const char *name, 2062 const void *value, size_t size, int flags) 2063{ 2064 if (strcmp(name, "") == 0) 2065 return -EINVAL; 2066 return security_inode_setsecurity(inode, name, value, size, flags); 2067} 2068 2069static struct xattr_handler shmem_xattr_security_handler = { 2070 .prefix = XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX, 2071 .list = shmem_xattr_security_list, 2072 .get = shmem_xattr_security_get, 2073 .set = shmem_xattr_security_set, 2074}; 2075 2076static struct xattr_handler *shmem_xattr_handlers[] = { 2077 &shmem_xattr_acl_access_handler, 2078 &shmem_xattr_acl_default_handler, 2079 &shmem_xattr_security_handler, 2080 NULL 2081}; 2082#endif 2083 2084static struct dentry *shmem_get_parent(struct dentry *child) 2085{ 2086 return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE); 2087} 2088 2089static int shmem_match(struct inode *ino, void *vfh) 2090{ 2091 __u32 *fh = vfh; 2092 __u64 inum = fh[2]; 2093 inum = (inum << 32) | fh[1]; 2094 return ino->i_ino == inum && fh[0] == ino->i_generation; 2095} 2096 2097static struct dentry *shmem_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb, 2098 struct fid *fid, int fh_len, int fh_type) 2099{ 2100 struct inode *inode; 2101 struct dentry *dentry = NULL; 2102 u64 inum = fid->raw[2]; 2103 inum = (inum << 32) | fid->raw[1]; 2104 2105 if (fh_len < 3) 2106 return NULL; 2107 2108 inode = ilookup5(sb, (unsigned long)(inum + fid->raw[0]), 2109 shmem_match, fid->raw); 2110 if (inode) { 2111 dentry = d_find_alias(inode); 2112 iput(inode); 2113 } 2114 2115 return dentry; 2116} 2117 2118static int shmem_encode_fh(struct dentry *dentry, __u32 *fh, int *len, 2119 int connectable) 2120{ 2121 struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode; 2122 2123 if (*len < 3) 2124 return 255; 2125 2126 if (hlist_unhashed(&inode->i_hash)) { 2127 /* Unfortunately insert_inode_hash is not idempotent, 2128 * so as we hash inodes here rather than at creation 2129 * time, we need a lock to ensure we only try 2130 * to do it once 2131 */ 2132 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lock); 2133 spin_lock(&lock); 2134 if (hlist_unhashed(&inode->i_hash)) 2135 __insert_inode_hash(inode, 2136 inode->i_ino + inode->i_generation); 2137 spin_unlock(&lock); 2138 } 2139 2140 fh[0] = inode->i_generation; 2141 fh[1] = inode->i_ino; 2142 fh[2] = ((__u64)inode->i_ino) >> 32; 2143 2144 *len = 3; 2145 return 1; 2146} 2147 2148static const struct export_operations shmem_export_ops = { 2149 .get_parent = shmem_get_parent, 2150 .encode_fh = shmem_encode_fh, 2151 .fh_to_dentry = shmem_fh_to_dentry, 2152}; 2153 2154static int shmem_parse_options(char *options, struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo, 2155 bool remount) 2156{ 2157 char *this_char, *value, *rest; 2158 2159 while (options != NULL) { 2160 this_char = options; 2161 for (;;) { 2162 /* 2163 * NUL-terminate this option: unfortunately, 2164 * mount options form a comma-separated list, 2165 * but mpol's nodelist may also contain commas. 2166 */ 2167 options = strchr(options, ','); 2168 if (options == NULL) 2169 break; 2170 options++; 2171 if (!isdigit(*options)) { 2172 options[-1] = '\0'; 2173 break; 2174 } 2175 } 2176 if (!*this_char) 2177 continue; 2178 if ((value = strchr(this_char,'=')) != NULL) { 2179 *value++ = 0; 2180 } else { 2181 printk(KERN_ERR 2182 "tmpfs: No value for mount option '%s'\n", 2183 this_char); 2184 return 1; 2185 } 2186 2187 if (!strcmp(this_char,"size")) { 2188 unsigned long long size; 2189 size = memparse(value,&rest); 2190 if (*rest == '%') { 2191 size <<= PAGE_SHIFT; 2192 size *= totalram_pages; 2193 do_div(size, 100); 2194 rest++; 2195 } 2196 if (*rest) 2197 goto bad_val; 2198 sbinfo->max_blocks = 2199 DIV_ROUND_UP(size, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE); 2200 } else if (!strcmp(this_char,"nr_blocks")) { 2201 sbinfo->max_blocks = memparse(value, &rest); 2202 if (*rest) 2203 goto bad_val; 2204 } else if (!strcmp(this_char,"nr_inodes")) { 2205 sbinfo->max_inodes = memparse(value, &rest); 2206 if (*rest) 2207 goto bad_val; 2208 } else if (!strcmp(this_char,"mode")) { 2209 if (remount) 2210 continue; 2211 sbinfo->mode = simple_strtoul(value, &rest, 8) & 07777; 2212 if (*rest) 2213 goto bad_val; 2214 } else if (!strcmp(this_char,"uid")) { 2215 if (remount) 2216 continue; 2217 sbinfo->uid = simple_strtoul(value, &rest, 0); 2218 if (*rest) 2219 goto bad_val; 2220 } else if (!strcmp(this_char,"gid")) { 2221 if (remount) 2222 continue; 2223 sbinfo->gid = simple_strtoul(value, &rest, 0); 2224 if (*rest) 2225 goto bad_val; 2226 } else if (!strcmp(this_char,"mpol")) { 2227 if (mpol_parse_str(value, &sbinfo->mpol, 1)) 2228 goto bad_val; 2229 } else { 2230 printk(KERN_ERR "tmpfs: Bad mount option %s\n", 2231 this_char); 2232 return 1; 2233 } 2234 } 2235 return 0; 2236 2237bad_val: 2238 printk(KERN_ERR "tmpfs: Bad value '%s' for mount option '%s'\n", 2239 value, this_char); 2240 return 1; 2241 2242} 2243 2244static int shmem_remount_fs(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data) 2245{ 2246 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb); 2247 struct shmem_sb_info config = *sbinfo; 2248 unsigned long blocks; 2249 unsigned long inodes; 2250 int error = -EINVAL; 2251 2252 if (shmem_parse_options(data, &config, true)) 2253 return error; 2254 2255 spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 2256 blocks = sbinfo->max_blocks - sbinfo->free_blocks; 2257 inodes = sbinfo->max_inodes - sbinfo->free_inodes; 2258 if (config.max_blocks < blocks) 2259 goto out; 2260 if (config.max_inodes < inodes) 2261 goto out; 2262 /* 2263 * Those tests also disallow limited->unlimited while any are in 2264 * use, so i_blocks will always be zero when max_blocks is zero; 2265 * but we must separately disallow unlimited->limited, because 2266 * in that case we have no record of how much is already in use. 2267 */ 2268 if (config.max_blocks && !sbinfo->max_blocks) 2269 goto out; 2270 if (config.max_inodes && !sbinfo->max_inodes) 2271 goto out; 2272 2273 error = 0; 2274 sbinfo->max_blocks = config.max_blocks; 2275 sbinfo->free_blocks = config.max_blocks - blocks; 2276 sbinfo->max_inodes = config.max_inodes; 2277 sbinfo->free_inodes = config.max_inodes - inodes; 2278 2279 mpol_put(sbinfo->mpol); 2280 sbinfo->mpol = config.mpol; /* transfers initial ref */ 2281out: 2282 spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 2283 return error; 2284} 2285 2286static int shmem_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct vfsmount *vfs) 2287{ 2288 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(vfs->mnt_sb); 2289 2290 if (sbinfo->max_blocks != shmem_default_max_blocks()) 2291 seq_printf(seq, ",size=%luk", 2292 sbinfo->max_blocks << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - 10)); 2293 if (sbinfo->max_inodes != shmem_default_max_inodes()) 2294 seq_printf(seq, ",nr_inodes=%lu", sbinfo->max_inodes); 2295 if (sbinfo->mode != (S_IRWXUGO | S_ISVTX)) 2296 seq_printf(seq, ",mode=%03o", sbinfo->mode); 2297 if (sbinfo->uid != 0) 2298 seq_printf(seq, ",uid=%u", sbinfo->uid); 2299 if (sbinfo->gid != 0) 2300 seq_printf(seq, ",gid=%u", sbinfo->gid); 2301 shmem_show_mpol(seq, sbinfo->mpol); 2302 return 0; 2303} 2304#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */ 2305 2306static void shmem_put_super(struct super_block *sb) 2307{ 2308 kfree(sb->s_fs_info); 2309 sb->s_fs_info = NULL; 2310} 2311 2312int shmem_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent) 2313{ 2314 struct inode *inode; 2315 struct dentry *root; 2316 struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo; 2317 int err = -ENOMEM; 2318 2319 /* Round up to L1_CACHE_BYTES to resist false sharing */ 2320 sbinfo = kzalloc(max((int)sizeof(struct shmem_sb_info), 2321 L1_CACHE_BYTES), GFP_KERNEL); 2322 if (!sbinfo) 2323 return -ENOMEM; 2324 2325 sbinfo->mode = S_IRWXUGO | S_ISVTX; 2326 sbinfo->uid = current_fsuid(); 2327 sbinfo->gid = current_fsgid(); 2328 sb->s_fs_info = sbinfo; 2329 2330#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 2331 /* 2332 * Per default we only allow half of the physical ram per 2333 * tmpfs instance, limiting inodes to one per page of lowmem; 2334 * but the internal instance is left unlimited. 2335 */ 2336 if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_NOUSER)) { 2337 sbinfo->max_blocks = shmem_default_max_blocks(); 2338 sbinfo->max_inodes = shmem_default_max_inodes(); 2339 if (shmem_parse_options(data, sbinfo, false)) { 2340 err = -EINVAL; 2341 goto failed; 2342 } 2343 } 2344 sb->s_export_op = &shmem_export_ops; 2345#else 2346 sb->s_flags |= MS_NOUSER; 2347#endif 2348 2349 spin_lock_init(&sbinfo->stat_lock); 2350 sbinfo->free_blocks = sbinfo->max_blocks; 2351 sbinfo->free_inodes = sbinfo->max_inodes; 2352 2353 sb->s_maxbytes = SHMEM_MAX_BYTES; 2354 sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE; 2355 sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT; 2356 sb->s_magic = TMPFS_MAGIC; 2357 sb->s_op = &shmem_ops; 2358 sb->s_time_gran = 1; 2359#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL 2360 sb->s_xattr = shmem_xattr_handlers; 2361 sb->s_flags |= MS_POSIXACL; 2362#endif 2363 2364 inode = shmem_get_inode(sb, S_IFDIR | sbinfo->mode, 0, VM_NORESERVE); 2365 if (!inode) 2366 goto failed; 2367 inode->i_uid = sbinfo->uid; 2368 inode->i_gid = sbinfo->gid; 2369 root = d_alloc_root(inode); 2370 if (!root) 2371 goto failed_iput; 2372 sb->s_root = root; 2373 return 0; 2374 2375failed_iput: 2376 iput(inode); 2377failed: 2378 shmem_put_super(sb); 2379 return err; 2380} 2381 2382static struct kmem_cache *shmem_inode_cachep; 2383 2384static struct inode *shmem_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb) 2385{ 2386 struct shmem_inode_info *p; 2387 p = (struct shmem_inode_info *)kmem_cache_alloc(shmem_inode_cachep, GFP_KERNEL); 2388 if (!p) 2389 return NULL; 2390 return &p->vfs_inode; 2391} 2392 2393static void shmem_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode) 2394{ 2395 if ((inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) { 2396 /* only struct inode is valid if it's an inline symlink */ 2397 mpol_free_shared_policy(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy); 2398 } 2399 kmem_cache_free(shmem_inode_cachep, SHMEM_I(inode)); 2400} 2401 2402static void init_once(void *foo) 2403{ 2404 struct shmem_inode_info *p = (struct shmem_inode_info *) foo; 2405 2406 inode_init_once(&p->vfs_inode); 2407} 2408 2409static int init_inodecache(void) 2410{ 2411 shmem_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("shmem_inode_cache", 2412 sizeof(struct shmem_inode_info), 2413 0, SLAB_PANIC, init_once); 2414 return 0; 2415} 2416 2417static void destroy_inodecache(void) 2418{ 2419 kmem_cache_destroy(shmem_inode_cachep); 2420} 2421 2422static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops = { 2423 .writepage = shmem_writepage, 2424 .set_page_dirty = __set_page_dirty_no_writeback, 2425#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 2426 .readpage = shmem_readpage, 2427 .write_begin = shmem_write_begin, 2428 .write_end = shmem_write_end, 2429#endif 2430 .migratepage = migrate_page, 2431 .error_remove_page = generic_error_remove_page, 2432}; 2433 2434static const struct file_operations shmem_file_operations = { 2435 .mmap = shmem_mmap, 2436#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 2437 .llseek = generic_file_llseek, 2438 .read = do_sync_read, 2439 .write = do_sync_write, 2440 .aio_read = shmem_file_aio_read, 2441 .aio_write = generic_file_aio_write, 2442 .fsync = simple_sync_file, 2443 .splice_read = generic_file_splice_read, 2444 .splice_write = generic_file_splice_write, 2445#endif 2446}; 2447 2448static const struct inode_operations shmem_inode_operations = { 2449 .truncate = shmem_truncate, 2450 .setattr = shmem_notify_change, 2451 .truncate_range = shmem_truncate_range, 2452#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL 2453 .setxattr = generic_setxattr, 2454 .getxattr = generic_getxattr, 2455 .listxattr = generic_listxattr, 2456 .removexattr = generic_removexattr, 2457 .check_acl = shmem_check_acl, 2458#endif 2459 2460}; 2461 2462static const struct inode_operations shmem_dir_inode_operations = { 2463#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 2464 .create = shmem_create, 2465 .lookup = simple_lookup, 2466 .link = shmem_link, 2467 .unlink = shmem_unlink, 2468 .symlink = shmem_symlink, 2469 .mkdir = shmem_mkdir, 2470 .rmdir = shmem_rmdir, 2471 .mknod = shmem_mknod, 2472 .rename = shmem_rename, 2473#endif 2474#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL 2475 .setattr = shmem_notify_change, 2476 .setxattr = generic_setxattr, 2477 .getxattr = generic_getxattr, 2478 .listxattr = generic_listxattr, 2479 .removexattr = generic_removexattr, 2480 .check_acl = shmem_check_acl, 2481#endif 2482}; 2483 2484static const struct inode_operations shmem_special_inode_operations = { 2485#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL 2486 .setattr = shmem_notify_change, 2487 .setxattr = generic_setxattr, 2488 .getxattr = generic_getxattr, 2489 .listxattr = generic_listxattr, 2490 .removexattr = generic_removexattr, 2491 .check_acl = shmem_check_acl, 2492#endif 2493}; 2494 2495static const struct super_operations shmem_ops = { 2496 .alloc_inode = shmem_alloc_inode, 2497 .destroy_inode = shmem_destroy_inode, 2498#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS 2499 .statfs = shmem_statfs, 2500 .remount_fs = shmem_remount_fs, 2501 .show_options = shmem_show_options, 2502#endif 2503 .delete_inode = shmem_delete_inode, 2504 .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode, 2505 .put_super = shmem_put_super, 2506}; 2507 2508static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_vm_ops = { 2509 .fault = shmem_fault, 2510#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA 2511 .set_policy = shmem_set_policy, 2512 .get_policy = shmem_get_policy, 2513#endif 2514}; 2515 2516 2517static int shmem_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type, 2518 int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data, struct vfsmount *mnt) 2519{ 2520 return get_sb_nodev(fs_type, flags, data, shmem_fill_super, mnt); 2521} 2522 2523static struct file_system_type tmpfs_fs_type = { 2524 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 2525 .name = "tmpfs", 2526 .get_sb = shmem_get_sb, 2527 .kill_sb = kill_litter_super, 2528}; 2529 2530int __init init_tmpfs(void) 2531{ 2532 int error; 2533 2534 error = bdi_init(&shmem_backing_dev_info); 2535 if (error) 2536 goto out4; 2537 2538 error = init_inodecache(); 2539 if (error) 2540 goto out3; 2541 2542 error = register_filesystem(&tmpfs_fs_type); 2543 if (error) { 2544 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not register tmpfs\n"); 2545 goto out2; 2546 } 2547 2548 shm_mnt = vfs_kern_mount(&tmpfs_fs_type, MS_NOUSER, 2549 tmpfs_fs_type.name, NULL); 2550 if (IS_ERR(shm_mnt)) { 2551 error = PTR_ERR(shm_mnt); 2552 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not kern_mount tmpfs\n"); 2553 goto out1; 2554 } 2555 return 0; 2556 2557out1: 2558 unregister_filesystem(&tmpfs_fs_type); 2559out2: 2560 destroy_inodecache(); 2561out3: 2562 bdi_destroy(&shmem_backing_dev_info); 2563out4: 2564 shm_mnt = ERR_PTR(error); 2565 return error; 2566} 2567 2568#else /* !CONFIG_SHMEM */ 2569 2570/* 2571 * tiny-shmem: simple shmemfs and tmpfs using ramfs code 2572 * 2573 * This is intended for small system where the benefits of the full 2574 * shmem code (swap-backed and resource-limited) are outweighed by 2575 * their complexity. On systems without swap this code should be 2576 * effectively equivalent, but much lighter weight. 2577 */ 2578 2579#include <linux/ramfs.h> 2580 2581static struct file_system_type tmpfs_fs_type = { 2582 .name = "tmpfs", 2583 .get_sb = ramfs_get_sb, 2584 .kill_sb = kill_litter_super, 2585}; 2586 2587int __init init_tmpfs(void) 2588{ 2589 BUG_ON(register_filesystem(&tmpfs_fs_type) != 0); 2590 2591 shm_mnt = kern_mount(&tmpfs_fs_type); 2592 BUG_ON(IS_ERR(shm_mnt)); 2593 2594 return 0; 2595} 2596 2597int shmem_unuse(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page) 2598{ 2599 return 0; 2600} 2601 2602int shmem_lock(struct file *file, int lock, struct user_struct *user) 2603{ 2604 return 0; 2605} 2606 2607#define shmem_vm_ops generic_file_vm_ops 2608#define shmem_file_operations ramfs_file_operations 2609#define shmem_get_inode(sb, mode, dev, flags) ramfs_get_inode(sb, mode, dev) 2610#define shmem_acct_size(flags, size) 0 2611#define shmem_unacct_size(flags, size) do {} while (0) 2612#define SHMEM_MAX_BYTES MAX_LFS_FILESIZE 2613 2614#endif /* CONFIG_SHMEM */ 2615 2616/* common code */ 2617 2618/** 2619 * shmem_file_setup - get an unlinked file living in tmpfs 2620 * @name: name for dentry (to be seen in /proc/<pid>/maps 2621 * @size: size to be set for the file 2622 * @flags: VM_NORESERVE suppresses pre-accounting of the entire object size 2623 */ 2624struct file *shmem_file_setup(const char *name, loff_t size, unsigned long flags) 2625{ 2626 int error; 2627 struct file *file; 2628 struct inode *inode; 2629 struct dentry *dentry, *root; 2630 struct qstr this; 2631 2632 if (IS_ERR(shm_mnt)) 2633 return (void *)shm_mnt; 2634 2635 if (size < 0 || size > SHMEM_MAX_BYTES) 2636 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); 2637 2638 if (shmem_acct_size(flags, size)) 2639 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); 2640 2641 error = -ENOMEM; 2642 this.name = name; 2643 this.len = strlen(name); 2644 this.hash = 0; /* will go */ 2645 root = shm_mnt->mnt_root; 2646 dentry = d_alloc(root, &this); 2647 if (!dentry) 2648 goto put_memory; 2649 2650 error = -ENFILE; 2651 file = get_empty_filp(); 2652 if (!file) 2653 goto put_dentry; 2654 2655 error = -ENOSPC; 2656 inode = shmem_get_inode(root->d_sb, S_IFREG | S_IRWXUGO, 0, flags); 2657 if (!inode) 2658 goto close_file; 2659 2660 d_instantiate(dentry, inode); 2661 inode->i_size = size; 2662 inode->i_nlink = 0; /* It is unlinked */ 2663 init_file(file, shm_mnt, dentry, FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_READ, 2664 &shmem_file_operations); 2665 2666#ifndef CONFIG_MMU 2667 error = ramfs_nommu_expand_for_mapping(inode, size); 2668 if (error) 2669 goto close_file; 2670#endif 2671 ima_counts_get(file); 2672 return file; 2673 2674close_file: 2675 put_filp(file); 2676put_dentry: 2677 dput(dentry); 2678put_memory: 2679 shmem_unacct_size(flags, size); 2680 return ERR_PTR(error); 2681} 2682EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_file_setup); 2683 2684/** 2685 * shmem_zero_setup - setup a shared anonymous mapping 2686 * @vma: the vma to be mmapped is prepared by do_mmap_pgoff 2687 */ 2688int shmem_zero_setup(struct vm_area_struct *vma) 2689{ 2690 struct file *file; 2691 loff_t size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start; 2692 2693 file = shmem_file_setup("dev/zero", size, vma->vm_flags); 2694 if (IS_ERR(file)) 2695 return PTR_ERR(file); 2696 2697 if (vma->vm_file) 2698 fput(vma->vm_file); 2699 vma->vm_file = file; 2700 vma->vm_ops = &shmem_vm_ops; 2701 return 0; 2702} 2703