xref: /bionic/libc/bionic/pthread-timers.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
 * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "pthread_internal.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Normal (i.e. non-SIGEV_THREAD) timers are created directly by the kernel
// and are passed as is to/from the caller.
//
// This file also implements the support required for SIGEV_THREAD ("POSIX interval")
// timers. See the following pages for additional details:
//
// www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/timer_create.html
// www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/timer_settime.html
// www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/xsh_chap02_04.html#tag_02_04_01
//
// The Linux kernel doesn't support these, so we need to implement them in the
// C library. We use a very basic scheme where each timer is associated to a
// thread that will loop, waiting for timeouts or messages from the program
// corresponding to calls to timer_settime() and timer_delete().
//
// Note also an important thing: Posix mandates that in the case of fork(),
// the timers of the child process should be disarmed, but not deleted.
// this is implemented by providing a fork() wrapper (see bionic/fork.c) which
// stops all timers before the fork, and only re-start them in case of error
// or in the parent process.
//
// This stop/start is implemented by the __timer_table_start_stop() function
// below.
//
// A SIGEV_THREAD timer ID will always have its TIMER_ID_WRAP_BIT
// set to 1. In this implementation, this is always bit 31, which is
// guaranteed to never be used by kernel-provided timer ids
//
// (See code in <kernel>/lib/idr.c, used to manage IDs, to see why.)

#define  TIMER_ID_WRAP_BIT        0x80000000
#define  TIMER_ID_WRAP(id)        ((timer_t)((id) |  TIMER_ID_WRAP_BIT))
#define  TIMER_ID_UNWRAP(id)      ((timer_t)((id) & ~TIMER_ID_WRAP_BIT))
#define  TIMER_ID_IS_WRAPPED(id)  (((id) & TIMER_ID_WRAP_BIT) != 0)

/* this value is used internally to indicate a 'free' or 'zombie'
 * thr_timer structure. Here, 'zombie' means that timer_delete()
 * has been called, but that the corresponding thread hasn't
 * exited yet.
 */
#define  TIMER_ID_NONE            ((timer_t)0xffffffff)

/* True iff a timer id is valid */
#define  TIMER_ID_IS_VALID(id)    ((id) != TIMER_ID_NONE)

/* the maximum value of overrun counters */
#define  DELAYTIMER_MAX    0x7fffffff

#define  __likely(x)   __builtin_expect(!!(x),1)
#define  __unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x),0)

typedef struct thr_timer          thr_timer_t;
typedef struct thr_timer_table    thr_timer_table_t;

/* The Posix spec says the function receives an unsigned parameter, but
 * it's really a 'union sigval' a.k.a. sigval_t */
typedef void (*thr_timer_func_t)( sigval_t );

struct thr_timer {
    thr_timer_t*       next;     /* next in free list */
    timer_t            id;       /* TIMER_ID_NONE iff free or dying */
    clockid_t          clock;
    pthread_t          thread;
    pthread_attr_t     attributes;
    thr_timer_func_t   callback;
    sigval_t           value;

    /* the following are used to communicate between
     * the timer thread and the timer_XXX() functions
     */
    pthread_mutex_t           mutex;     /* lock */
    pthread_cond_t            cond;      /* signal a state change to thread */
    int volatile              done;      /* set by timer_delete */
    int volatile              stopped;   /* set by _start_stop() */
    struct timespec volatile  expires;   /* next expiration time, or 0 */
    struct timespec volatile  period;    /* reload value, or 0 */
    int volatile              overruns;  /* current number of overruns */
};

#define  MAX_THREAD_TIMERS  32

struct thr_timer_table {
    pthread_mutex_t  lock;
    thr_timer_t*     free_timer;
    thr_timer_t      timers[ MAX_THREAD_TIMERS ];
};

/** GLOBAL TABLE OF THREAD TIMERS
 **/

static void
thr_timer_table_init( thr_timer_table_t*  t )
{
    int  nn;

    memset(t, 0, sizeof *t);
    pthread_mutex_init( &t->lock, NULL );

    for (nn = 0; nn < MAX_THREAD_TIMERS; nn++)
        t->timers[nn].id = TIMER_ID_NONE;

    t->free_timer = &t->timers[0];
    for (nn = 1; nn < MAX_THREAD_TIMERS; nn++)
        t->timers[nn-1].next = &t->timers[nn];
}


static thr_timer_t*
thr_timer_table_alloc( thr_timer_table_t*  t )
{
    thr_timer_t*  timer;

    if (t == NULL)
        return NULL;

    pthread_mutex_lock(&t->lock);
    timer = t->free_timer;
    if (timer != NULL) {
        t->free_timer = timer->next;
        timer->next   = NULL;
        timer->id     = TIMER_ID_WRAP((timer - t->timers));
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&t->lock);
    return timer;
}


static void
thr_timer_table_free( thr_timer_table_t*  t, thr_timer_t*  timer )
{
    pthread_mutex_lock( &t->lock );
    timer->id     = TIMER_ID_NONE;
    timer->thread = 0;
    timer->next   = t->free_timer;
    t->free_timer = timer;
    pthread_mutex_unlock( &t->lock );
}


static void thr_timer_table_start_stop(thr_timer_table_t* t, int stop) {
  if (t == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  pthread_mutex_lock(&t->lock);
  for (int nn = 0; nn < MAX_THREAD_TIMERS; ++nn) {
    thr_timer_t*  timer  = &t->timers[nn];
    if (TIMER_ID_IS_VALID(timer->id)) {
      // Tell the thread to start/stop.
      pthread_mutex_lock(&timer->mutex);
      timer->stopped = stop;
      pthread_cond_signal( &timer->cond );
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&timer->mutex);
    }
  }
  pthread_mutex_unlock(&t->lock);
}


/* convert a timer_id into the corresponding thr_timer_t* pointer
 * returns NULL if the id is not wrapped or is invalid/free
 */
static thr_timer_t*
thr_timer_table_from_id( thr_timer_table_t*  t,
                         timer_t             id,
                         int                 remove )
{
    unsigned      index;
    thr_timer_t*  timer;

    if (t == NULL || !TIMER_ID_IS_WRAPPED(id))
        return NULL;

    index = (unsigned) TIMER_ID_UNWRAP(id);
    if (index >= MAX_THREAD_TIMERS)
        return NULL;

    pthread_mutex_lock(&t->lock);

    timer = &t->timers[index];

    if (!TIMER_ID_IS_VALID(timer->id)) {
        timer = NULL;
    } else {
        /* if we're removing this timer, clear the id
         * right now to prevent another thread to
         * use the same id after the unlock */
        if (remove)
            timer->id = TIMER_ID_NONE;
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&t->lock);

    return timer;
}

/* the static timer table - we only create it if the process
 * really wants to use SIGEV_THREAD timers, which should be
 * pretty infrequent
 */

static pthread_once_t __timer_table_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
static thr_timer_table_t* __timer_table;

static void __timer_table_init(void) {
  __timer_table = calloc(1, sizeof(*__timer_table));
  if (__timer_table != NULL) {
    thr_timer_table_init(__timer_table);
  }
}

static thr_timer_table_t* __timer_table_get(void) {
  pthread_once(&__timer_table_once, __timer_table_init);
  return __timer_table;
}

/** POSIX THREAD TIMERS CLEANUP ON FORK
 **
 ** this should be called from the 'fork()' wrapper to stop/start
 ** all active thread timers. this is used to implement a Posix
 ** requirements: the timers of fork child processes must be
 ** disarmed but not deleted.
 **/
__LIBC_HIDDEN__ void __timer_table_start_stop(int stop) {
  // We access __timer_table directly so we don't create it if it doesn't yet exist.
  thr_timer_table_start_stop(__timer_table, stop);
}

static thr_timer_t*
thr_timer_from_id( timer_t   id )
{
    thr_timer_table_t*  table = __timer_table_get();
    thr_timer_t*        timer = thr_timer_table_from_id( table, id, 0 );

    return timer;
}


static __inline__ void
thr_timer_lock( thr_timer_t*  t )
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&t->mutex);
}

static __inline__ void
thr_timer_unlock( thr_timer_t*  t )
{
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&t->mutex);
}

/** POSIX TIMERS APIs */

extern int __timer_create(clockid_t, struct sigevent*, timer_t*);
extern int __timer_delete(timer_t);
extern int __timer_gettime(timer_t, struct itimerspec*);
extern int __timer_settime(timer_t, int, const struct itimerspec*, struct itimerspec*);
extern int __timer_getoverrun(timer_t);

static void* timer_thread_start(void*);

int timer_create(clockid_t clock_id, struct sigevent* evp, timer_t* timer_id) {
  // If not a SIGEV_THREAD timer, the kernel can handle it without our help.
  if (__likely(evp == NULL || evp->sigev_notify != SIGEV_THREAD)) {
    return __timer_create(clock_id, evp, timer_id);
  }

  // Check arguments.
  if (evp->sigev_notify_function == NULL) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
  }

  // Check that the clock id is supported by the kernel.
  struct timespec dummy;
  if (clock_gettime(clock_id, &dummy) < 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
    return -1;
  }

  // Create a new timer and its thread.
  // TODO: use a single global thread for all timers.
  thr_timer_table_t* table = __timer_table_get();
  thr_timer_t* timer = thr_timer_table_alloc(table);
  if (timer == NULL) {
    errno = ENOMEM;
    return -1;
  }

  // Copy the thread attributes.
  if (evp->sigev_notify_attributes == NULL) {
    pthread_attr_init(&timer->attributes);
  } else {
    timer->attributes = ((pthread_attr_t*) evp->sigev_notify_attributes)[0];
  }

  // Posix says that the default is PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED and
  // that PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE has undefined behavior.
  // So simply always use DETACHED :-)
  pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&timer->attributes, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);

  timer->callback = evp->sigev_notify_function;
  timer->value = evp->sigev_value;
  timer->clock = clock_id;

  pthread_mutex_init(&timer->mutex, NULL);
  pthread_cond_init(&timer->cond, NULL);

  timer->done = 0;
  timer->stopped = 0;
  timer->expires.tv_sec = timer->expires.tv_nsec = 0;
  timer->period.tv_sec = timer->period.tv_nsec  = 0;
  timer->overruns = 0;

  // Create the thread.
  int rc = pthread_create(&timer->thread, &timer->attributes, timer_thread_start, timer);
  if (rc != 0) {
    thr_timer_table_free(table, timer);
    errno = rc;
    return -1;
  }

  *timer_id = timer->id;
  return 0;
}


int
timer_delete( timer_t  id )
{
    if ( __likely(!TIMER_ID_IS_WRAPPED(id)) )
        return __timer_delete( id );
    else
    {
        thr_timer_table_t*  table = __timer_table_get();
        thr_timer_t*        timer = thr_timer_table_from_id(table, id, 1);

        if (timer == NULL) {
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }

        /* tell the timer's thread to stop */
        thr_timer_lock(timer);
        timer->done = 1;
        pthread_cond_signal( &timer->cond );
        thr_timer_unlock(timer);

        /* NOTE: the thread will call __timer_table_free() to free the
         * timer object. the '1' parameter to thr_timer_table_from_id
         * above ensured that the object and its timer_id cannot be
         * reused before that.
         */
        return 0;
    }
}

/* return the relative time until the next expiration, or 0 if
 * the timer is disarmed */
static void
timer_gettime_internal( thr_timer_t*        timer,
                        struct itimerspec*  spec)
{
    struct timespec  diff;

    diff = timer->expires;
    if (!timespec_is_zero(&diff))
    {
        struct timespec  now;

        clock_gettime( timer->clock, &now );
        timespec_sub(&diff, &now);

        /* in case of overrun, return 0 */
        if (timespec_cmp0(&diff) < 0) {
            timespec_zero(&diff);
        }
    }

    spec->it_value    = diff;
    spec->it_interval = timer->period;
}


int
timer_gettime( timer_t  id, struct itimerspec*  ospec )
{
    if (ospec == NULL) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    if ( __likely(!TIMER_ID_IS_WRAPPED(id)) ) {
        return __timer_gettime( id, ospec );
    } else {
        thr_timer_t*  timer = thr_timer_from_id(id);

        if (timer == NULL) {
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }
        thr_timer_lock(timer);
        timer_gettime_internal( timer, ospec );
        thr_timer_unlock(timer);
    }
    return 0;
}


int
timer_settime( timer_t                   id,
               int                       flags,
               const struct itimerspec*  spec,
               struct itimerspec*        ospec )
{
    if (spec == NULL) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    if ( __likely(!TIMER_ID_IS_WRAPPED(id)) ) {
        return __timer_settime( id, flags, spec, ospec );
    } else {
        thr_timer_t*        timer = thr_timer_from_id(id);
        struct timespec     expires, now;

        if (timer == NULL) {
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }
        thr_timer_lock(timer);

        /* return current timer value if ospec isn't NULL */
        if (ospec != NULL) {
            timer_gettime_internal(timer, ospec );
        }

        /* compute next expiration time. note that if the
         * new it_interval is 0, we should disarm the timer
         */
        expires = spec->it_value;
        if (!timespec_is_zero(&expires)) {
            clock_gettime( timer->clock, &now );
            if (!(flags & TIMER_ABSTIME)) {
                timespec_add(&expires, &now);
            } else {
                if (timespec_cmp(&expires, &now) < 0)
                    expires = now;
            }
        }
        timer->expires = expires;
        timer->period  = spec->it_interval;
        thr_timer_unlock( timer );

        /* signal the change to the thread */
        pthread_cond_signal( &timer->cond );
    }
    return 0;
}


int
timer_getoverrun(timer_t  id)
{
    if ( __likely(!TIMER_ID_IS_WRAPPED(id)) ) {
        return __timer_getoverrun( id );
    } else {
        thr_timer_t*  timer = thr_timer_from_id(id);
        int           result;

        if (timer == NULL) {
            errno = EINVAL;
            return -1;
        }

        thr_timer_lock(timer);
        result = timer->overruns;
        thr_timer_unlock(timer);

        return result;
    }
}


static void* timer_thread_start(void* arg) {
  thr_timer_t* timer = arg;

  thr_timer_lock(timer);

  // Give this thread a meaningful name.
  char name[32];
  snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "POSIX interval timer 0x%08x", timer->id);
  pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), name);

  // We loop until timer->done is set in timer_delete().
  while (!timer->done) {
    struct timespec expires = timer->expires;
    struct timespec period = timer->period;

    // If the timer is stopped or disarmed, wait indefinitely
    // for a state change from timer_settime/_delete/_start_stop.
    if (timer->stopped || timespec_is_zero(&expires)) {
      pthread_cond_wait(&timer->cond, &timer->mutex);
      continue;
    }

    // Otherwise, we need to do a timed wait until either a
    // state change of the timer expiration time.
    struct timespec now;
    clock_gettime(timer->clock, &now);

    if (timespec_cmp(&expires, &now) > 0) {
      // Cool, there was no overrun, so compute the
      // relative timeout as 'expires - now', then wait.
      struct timespec diff = expires;
      timespec_sub(&diff, &now);

      int ret = __pthread_cond_timedwait_relative(&timer->cond, &timer->mutex, &diff);

      // If we didn't time out, it means that a state change
      // occurred, so loop to take care of it.
      if (ret != ETIMEDOUT) {
        continue;
      }
    } else {
      // Overrun was detected before we could wait!
      if (!timespec_is_zero(&period)) {
        // For periodic timers, compute total overrun count.
        do {
          timespec_add(&expires, &period);
          if (timer->overruns < DELAYTIMER_MAX) {
            timer->overruns += 1;
          }
        } while (timespec_cmp(&expires, &now) < 0);

        // Backtrack the last one, because we're going to
        // add the same value just a bit later.
        timespec_sub(&expires, &period);
      } else {
        // For non-periodic timers, things are simple.
        timer->overruns = 1;
      }
    }

    // If we get here, a timeout was detected.
    // First reload/disarm the timer as needed.
    if (!timespec_is_zero(&period)) {
      timespec_add(&expires, &period);
    } else {
      timespec_zero(&expires);
    }
    timer->expires = expires;

    // Now call the timer callback function. Release the
    // lock to allow the function to modify the timer setting
    // or call timer_getoverrun().
    // NOTE: at this point we trust the callback not to be a
    //      total moron and pthread_kill() the timer thread
    thr_timer_unlock(timer);
    timer->callback(timer->value);
    thr_timer_lock(timer);

    // Now clear the overruns counter. it only makes sense
    // within the callback.
    timer->overruns = 0;
  }

  thr_timer_unlock(timer);

  // Free the timer object.
  thr_timer_table_free(__timer_table_get(), timer);

  return NULL;
}