lib/Sema/SemaExprCXX.cpp

//===--- SemaExprCXX.cpp - Semantic Analysis for Expressions --------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//  This file implements semantic analysis for C++ expressions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "Sema.h"
#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/Parse/DeclSpec.h"
#include "clang/Lex/Preprocessor.h"
#include "clang/Basic/Diagnostic.h"
using namespace clang;

/// ActOnCXXConversionFunctionExpr - Parse a C++ conversion function
/// name (e.g., operator void const *) as an expression. This is
/// very similar to ActOnIdentifierExpr, except that instead of
/// providing an identifier the parser provides the type of the
/// conversion function.
Sema::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXConversionFunctionExpr(Scope *S, SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
                                     TypeTy *Ty, bool HasTrailingLParen,
                                     const CXXScopeSpec &SS) {
  QualType ConvType = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(Ty);
  QualType ConvTypeCanon = Context.getCanonicalType(ConvType);
  DeclarationName ConvName
    = Context.DeclarationNames.getCXXConversionFunctionName(ConvTypeCanon);
  return ActOnDeclarationNameExpr(S, OperatorLoc, ConvName, HasTrailingLParen,
                                  &SS);
}

/// ActOnCXXOperatorFunctionIdExpr - Parse a C++ overloaded operator
/// name (e.g., @c operator+ ) as an expression. This is very
/// similar to ActOnIdentifierExpr, except that instead of providing
/// an identifier the parser provides the kind of overloaded
/// operator that was parsed.
Sema::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXOperatorFunctionIdExpr(Scope *S, SourceLocation OperatorLoc,
                                     OverloadedOperatorKind Op,
                                     bool HasTrailingLParen,
                                     const CXXScopeSpec &SS) {
  DeclarationName Name = Context.DeclarationNames.getCXXOperatorName(Op);
  return ActOnDeclarationNameExpr(S, OperatorLoc, Name, HasTrailingLParen, &SS);
}

/// ActOnCXXTypeidOfType - Parse typeid( type-id ).
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXTypeid(SourceLocation OpLoc, SourceLocation LParenLoc,
                     bool isType, void *TyOrExpr, SourceLocation RParenLoc) {
  const NamespaceDecl *StdNs = GetStdNamespace();
  if (!StdNs)
    return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_need_header_before_typeid);

  IdentifierInfo *TypeInfoII = &PP.getIdentifierTable().get("type_info");
  Decl *TypeInfoDecl = LookupDecl(TypeInfoII,
                                  Decl::IDNS_Tag | Decl::IDNS_Ordinary,
                                  0, StdNs, /*createBuiltins=*/false);
  RecordDecl *TypeInfoRecordDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<RecordDecl>(TypeInfoDecl);
  if (!TypeInfoRecordDecl)
    return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_need_header_before_typeid);

  QualType TypeInfoType = Context.getTypeDeclType(TypeInfoRecordDecl);

  return new CXXTypeidExpr(isType, TyOrExpr, TypeInfoType.withConst(),
                           SourceRange(OpLoc, RParenLoc));
}

/// ActOnCXXBoolLiteral - Parse {true,false} literals.
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXBoolLiteral(SourceLocation OpLoc, tok::TokenKind Kind) {
  assert((Kind == tok::kw_true || Kind == tok::kw_false) &&
         "Unknown C++ Boolean value!");
  return new CXXBoolLiteralExpr(Kind == tok::kw_true, Context.BoolTy, OpLoc);
}

/// ActOnCXXThrow - Parse throw expressions.
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXThrow(SourceLocation OpLoc, ExprTy *E) {
  return new CXXThrowExpr((Expr*)E, Context.VoidTy, OpLoc);
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnCXXThis(SourceLocation ThisLoc) {
  /// C++ 9.3.2: In the body of a non-static member function, the keyword this
  /// is a non-lvalue expression whose value is the address of the object for
  /// which the function is called.

  if (!isa<FunctionDecl>(CurContext)) {
    Diag(ThisLoc, diag::err_invalid_this_use);
    return ExprResult(true);
  }

  if (CXXMethodDecl *MD = dyn_cast<CXXMethodDecl>(CurContext))
    if (MD->isInstance())
      return new CXXThisExpr(ThisLoc, MD->getThisType(Context));

  return Diag(ThisLoc, diag::err_invalid_this_use);
}

/// ActOnCXXTypeConstructExpr - Parse construction of a specified type.
/// Can be interpreted either as function-style casting ("int(x)")
/// or class type construction ("ClassType(x,y,z)")
/// or creation of a value-initialized type ("int()").
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXTypeConstructExpr(SourceRange TypeRange, TypeTy *TypeRep,
                                SourceLocation LParenLoc,
                                ExprTy **ExprTys, unsigned NumExprs,
                                SourceLocation *CommaLocs,
                                SourceLocation RParenLoc) {
  assert(TypeRep && "Missing type!");
  QualType Ty = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(TypeRep);
  Expr **Exprs = (Expr**)ExprTys;
  SourceLocation TyBeginLoc = TypeRange.getBegin();
  SourceRange FullRange = SourceRange(TyBeginLoc, RParenLoc);

  if (const RecordType *RT = Ty->getAsRecordType()) {
    // C++ 5.2.3p1:
    // If the simple-type-specifier specifies a class type, the class type shall
    // be complete.
    //
    if (!RT->getDecl()->isDefinition())
      return Diag(TyBeginLoc, diag::err_invalid_incomplete_type_use)
        << Ty.getAsString() << FullRange;

    unsigned DiagID = PP.getDiagnostics().getCustomDiagID(Diagnostic::Error,
                                    "class constructors are not supported yet");
    return Diag(TyBeginLoc, DiagID);
  }

  // C++ 5.2.3p1:
  // If the expression list is a single expression, the type conversion
  // expression is equivalent (in definedness, and if defined in meaning) to the
  // corresponding cast expression.
  //
  if (NumExprs == 1) {
    if (CheckCastTypes(TypeRange, Ty, Exprs[0]))
      return true;
    return new CXXFunctionalCastExpr(Ty.getNonReferenceType(), Ty, TyBeginLoc,
                                     Exprs[0], RParenLoc);
  }

  // C++ 5.2.3p1:
  // If the expression list specifies more than a single value, the type shall
  // be a class with a suitably declared constructor.
  //
  if (NumExprs > 1)
    return Diag(CommaLocs[0], diag::err_builtin_func_cast_more_than_one_arg)
      << FullRange;

  assert(NumExprs == 0 && "Expected 0 expressions");

  // C++ 5.2.3p2:
  // The expression T(), where T is a simple-type-specifier for a non-array
  // complete object type or the (possibly cv-qualified) void type, creates an
  // rvalue of the specified type, which is value-initialized.
  //
  if (Ty->isArrayType())
    return Diag(TyBeginLoc, diag::err_value_init_for_array_type) << FullRange;
  if (Ty->isIncompleteType() && !Ty->isVoidType())
    return Diag(TyBeginLoc, diag::err_invalid_incomplete_type_use)
      << Ty.getAsString() << FullRange;

  return new CXXZeroInitValueExpr(Ty, TyBeginLoc, RParenLoc);
}


/// ActOnCXXNew - Parsed a C++ 'new' expression (C++ 5.3.4), as in e.g.:
/// @code new (memory) int[size][4] @endcode
/// or
/// @code ::new Foo(23, "hello") @endcode
/// For the interpretation of this heap of arguments, consult the base version.
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXNew(SourceLocation StartLoc, bool UseGlobal,
                  SourceLocation PlacementLParen,
                  ExprTy **PlacementArgs, unsigned NumPlaceArgs,
                  SourceLocation PlacementRParen, bool ParenTypeId,
                  SourceLocation TyStart, TypeTy *Ty, SourceLocation TyEnd,
                  SourceLocation ConstructorLParen,
                  ExprTy **ConstructorArgs, unsigned NumConsArgs,
                  SourceLocation ConstructorRParen)
{
  QualType AllocType = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(Ty);
  QualType CheckType = AllocType;
  // To leverage the existing parser as much as possible, array types are
  // parsed as VLAs. Unwrap for checking.
  if (const VariableArrayType *VLA = Context.getAsVariableArrayType(AllocType))
    CheckType = VLA->getElementType();

  // Validate the type, and unwrap an array if any.
  if (CheckAllocatedType(CheckType, StartLoc, SourceRange(TyStart, TyEnd)))
    return true;

  QualType ResultType = Context.getPointerType(CheckType);

  // That every array dimension except the first is constant was already
  // checked by the type check above.
  // C++ 5.3.4p6: "The expression in a direct-new-declarator shall have integral
  //   or enumeration type with a non-negative value."
  // This was checked by ActOnTypeName, since C99 has the same restriction on
  // VLA expressions.

  // --- Choosing an allocation function ---
  // C++ 5.3.4p8 - 14 & 18
  // 1) If UseGlobal is true, only look in the global scope. Else, also look
  //   in the scope of the allocated class.
  // 2) If an array size is given, look for operator new[], else look for
  //   operator new.
  // 3) The first argument is always size_t. Append the arguments from the
  //   placement form.
  // FIXME: Find the correct overload of operator new.
  // FIXME: Also find the corresponding overload of operator delete.
  FunctionDecl *OperatorNew = 0;
  FunctionDecl *OperatorDelete = 0;
  Expr **PlaceArgs = (Expr**)PlacementArgs;

  bool Init = ConstructorLParen.isValid();
  // --- Choosing a constructor ---
  // C++ 5.3.4p15
  // 1) If T is a POD and there's no initializer (ConstructorLParen is invalid)
  //   the object is not initialized. If the object, or any part of it, is
  //   const-qualified, it's an error.
  // 2) If T is a POD and there's an empty initializer, the object is value-
  //   initialized.
  // 3) If T is a POD and there's one initializer argument, the object is copy-
  //   constructed.
  // 4) If T is a POD and there's more initializer arguments, it's an error.
  // 5) If T is not a POD, the initializer arguments are used as constructor
  //   arguments.
  //
  // Or by the C++0x formulation:
  // 1) If there's no initializer, the object is default-initialized according
  //    to C++0x rules.
  // 2) Otherwise, the object is direct-initialized.
  CXXConstructorDecl *Constructor = 0;
  Expr **ConsArgs = (Expr**)ConstructorArgs;
  if (const RecordType *RT = CheckType->getAsRecordType()) {
    // FIXME: This is incorrect for when there is an empty initializer and
    // no user-defined constructor. Must zero-initialize, not default-construct.
    Constructor = PerformInitializationByConstructor(
                      CheckType, ConsArgs, NumConsArgs,
                      TyStart, SourceRange(TyStart, ConstructorRParen),
                      RT->getDecl()->getDeclName(),
                      NumConsArgs != 0 ? IK_Direct : IK_Default);
    if (!Constructor)
      return true;
  } else {
    if (!Init) {
      // FIXME: Check that no subpart is const.
      if (CheckType.isConstQualified()) {
        Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_new_uninitialized_const)
          << SourceRange(StartLoc, TyEnd);
        return true;
      }
    } else if (NumConsArgs == 0) {
      // Object is value-initialized. Do nothing.
    } else if (NumConsArgs == 1) {
      // Object is direct-initialized.
      // FIXME: WHAT DeclarationName do we pass in here?
      if (CheckInitializerTypes(ConsArgs[0], CheckType, StartLoc,
                                DeclarationName() /*CheckType.getAsString()*/))
        return true;
    } else {
      Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_builtin_direct_init_more_than_one_arg)
        << SourceRange(ConstructorLParen, ConstructorRParen);
    }
  }

  // FIXME: Also check that the destructor is accessible. (C++ 5.3.4p16)

  return new CXXNewExpr(UseGlobal, OperatorNew, PlaceArgs, NumPlaceArgs,
                        ParenTypeId, AllocType, Constructor, Init,
                        ConsArgs, NumConsArgs, OperatorDelete, ResultType,
                        StartLoc, Init ? ConstructorRParen : TyEnd);
}

/// CheckAllocatedType - Checks that a type is suitable as the allocated type
/// in a new-expression.
/// dimension off and stores the size expression in ArraySize.
bool Sema::CheckAllocatedType(QualType AllocType, SourceLocation StartLoc,
                              const SourceRange &TyR)
{
  // C++ 5.3.4p1: "[The] type shall be a complete object type, but not an
  //   abstract class type or array thereof.
  // FIXME: We don't have abstract types yet.
  // FIXME: Under C++ semantics, an incomplete object type is still an object
  // type. This code assumes the C semantics, where it's not.
  if (!AllocType->isObjectType()) {
    diag::kind msg;
    if (AllocType->isFunctionType()) {
      msg = diag::err_new_function;
    } else if(AllocType->isIncompleteType()) {
      msg = diag::err_new_incomplete;
    } else if(AllocType->isReferenceType()) {
      msg = diag::err_new_reference;
    } else {
      assert(false && "Unexpected type class");
      return true;
    }
    Diag(StartLoc, msg) << AllocType.getAsString() << TyR;
    return true;
  }

  // Every dimension beyond the first shall be of constant size.
  while (const ArrayType *Array = Context.getAsArrayType(AllocType)) {
    if (!Array->isConstantArrayType()) {
      // FIXME: Might be nice to get a better source range from somewhere.
      Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_new_array_nonconst) << TyR;
      return true;
    }
    AllocType = Array->getElementType();
  }

  return false;
}

/// ActOnCXXDelete - Parsed a C++ 'delete' expression (C++ 5.3.5), as in:
/// @code ::delete ptr; @endcode
/// or
/// @code delete [] ptr; @endcode
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXDelete(SourceLocation StartLoc, bool UseGlobal,
                     bool ArrayForm, ExprTy *Operand)
{
  // C++ 5.3.5p1: "The operand shall have a pointer type, or a class type
  //   having a single conversion function to a pointer type. The result has
  //   type void."
  // DR599 amends "pointer type" to "pointer to object type" in both cases.

  Expr *Ex = (Expr *)Operand;
  QualType Type = Ex->getType();

  if (Type->isRecordType()) {
    // FIXME: Find that one conversion function and amend the type.
  }

  if (!Type->isPointerType()) {
    Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_delete_operand)
      << Type.getAsString() << Ex->getSourceRange();
    return true;
  }

  QualType Pointee = Type->getAsPointerType()->getPointeeType();
  if (Pointee->isIncompleteType() && !Pointee->isVoidType())
    Diag(StartLoc, diag::warn_delete_incomplete)
      << Pointee.getAsString() << Ex->getSourceRange();
  else if (!Pointee->isObjectType()) {
    Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_delete_operand)
      << Type.getAsString() << Ex->getSourceRange();
    return true;
  }

  // FIXME: Look up the correct operator delete overload and pass a pointer
  // along.
  // FIXME: Check access and ambiguity of operator delete and destructor.

  return new CXXDeleteExpr(Context.VoidTy, UseGlobal, ArrayForm, 0, Ex,
                           StartLoc);
}


/// ActOnCXXConditionDeclarationExpr - Parsed a condition declaration of a
/// C++ if/switch/while/for statement.
/// e.g: "if (int x = f()) {...}"
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnCXXConditionDeclarationExpr(Scope *S, SourceLocation StartLoc,
                                       Declarator &D,
                                       SourceLocation EqualLoc,
                                       ExprTy *AssignExprVal) {
  assert(AssignExprVal && "Null assignment expression");

  // C++ 6.4p2:
  // The declarator shall not specify a function or an array.
  // The type-specifier-seq shall not contain typedef and shall not declare a
  // new class or enumeration.

  assert(D.getDeclSpec().getStorageClassSpec() != DeclSpec::SCS_typedef &&
         "Parser allowed 'typedef' as storage class of condition decl.");

  QualType Ty = GetTypeForDeclarator(D, S);

  if (Ty->isFunctionType()) { // The declarator shall not specify a function...
    // We exit without creating a CXXConditionDeclExpr because a FunctionDecl
    // would be created and CXXConditionDeclExpr wants a VarDecl.
    return Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_invalid_use_of_function_type)
      << SourceRange(StartLoc, EqualLoc);
  } else if (Ty->isArrayType()) { // ...or an array.
    Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_invalid_use_of_array_type)
      << SourceRange(StartLoc, EqualLoc);
  } else if (const RecordType *RT = Ty->getAsRecordType()) {
    RecordDecl *RD = RT->getDecl();
    // The type-specifier-seq shall not declare a new class...
    if (RD->isDefinition() && (RD->getIdentifier() == 0 || S->isDeclScope(RD)))
      Diag(RD->getLocation(), diag::err_type_defined_in_condition);
  } else if (const EnumType *ET = Ty->getAsEnumType()) {
    EnumDecl *ED = ET->getDecl();
    // ...or enumeration.
    if (ED->isDefinition() && (ED->getIdentifier() == 0 || S->isDeclScope(ED)))
      Diag(ED->getLocation(), diag::err_type_defined_in_condition);
  }

  DeclTy *Dcl = ActOnDeclarator(S, D, 0);
  if (!Dcl)
    return true;
  AddInitializerToDecl(Dcl, AssignExprVal);

  return new CXXConditionDeclExpr(StartLoc, EqualLoc,
                                       cast<VarDecl>(static_cast<Decl *>(Dcl)));
}

/// CheckCXXBooleanCondition - Returns true if a conversion to bool is invalid.
bool Sema::CheckCXXBooleanCondition(Expr *&CondExpr) {
  // C++ 6.4p4:
  // The value of a condition that is an initialized declaration in a statement
  // other than a switch statement is the value of the declared variable
  // implicitly converted to type bool. If that conversion is ill-formed, the
  // program is ill-formed.
  // The value of a condition that is an expression is the value of the
  // expression, implicitly converted to bool.
  //
  QualType Ty = CondExpr->getType(); // Save the type.
  AssignConvertType
    ConvTy = CheckSingleAssignmentConstraints(Context.BoolTy, CondExpr);
  if (ConvTy == Incompatible)
    return Diag(CondExpr->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_bool_condition)
      << Ty.getAsString() << CondExpr->getSourceRange();
  return false;
}

/// Helper function to determine whether this is the (deprecated) C++
/// conversion from a string literal to a pointer to non-const char or
/// non-const wchar_t (for narrow and wide string literals,
/// respectively).
bool
Sema::IsStringLiteralToNonConstPointerConversion(Expr *From, QualType ToType) {
  // Look inside the implicit cast, if it exists.
  if (ImplicitCastExpr *Cast = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(From))
    From = Cast->getSubExpr();

  // A string literal (2.13.4) that is not a wide string literal can
  // be converted to an rvalue of type "pointer to char"; a wide
  // string literal can be converted to an rvalue of type "pointer
  // to wchar_t" (C++ 4.2p2).
  if (StringLiteral *StrLit = dyn_cast<StringLiteral>(From))
    if (const PointerType *ToPtrType = ToType->getAsPointerType())
      if (const BuiltinType *ToPointeeType
          = ToPtrType->getPointeeType()->getAsBuiltinType()) {
        // This conversion is considered only when there is an
        // explicit appropriate pointer target type (C++ 4.2p2).
        if (ToPtrType->getPointeeType().getCVRQualifiers() == 0 &&
            ((StrLit->isWide() && ToPointeeType->isWideCharType()) ||
             (!StrLit->isWide() &&
              (ToPointeeType->getKind() == BuiltinType::Char_U ||
               ToPointeeType->getKind() == BuiltinType::Char_S))))
          return true;
      }

  return false;
}

/// PerformImplicitConversion - Perform an implicit conversion of the
/// expression From to the type ToType. Returns true if there was an
/// error, false otherwise. The expression From is replaced with the
/// converted expression.
bool
Sema::PerformImplicitConversion(Expr *&From, QualType ToType)
{
  ImplicitConversionSequence ICS = TryImplicitConversion(From, ToType);
  switch (ICS.ConversionKind) {
  case ImplicitConversionSequence::StandardConversion:
    if (PerformImplicitConversion(From, ToType, ICS.Standard))
      return true;
    break;

  case ImplicitConversionSequence::UserDefinedConversion:
    // FIXME: This is, of course, wrong. We'll need to actually call
    // the constructor or conversion operator, and then cope with the
    // standard conversions.
    ImpCastExprToType(From, ToType);
    return false;

  case ImplicitConversionSequence::EllipsisConversion:
    assert(false && "Cannot perform an ellipsis conversion");
    return false;

  case ImplicitConversionSequence::BadConversion:
    return true;
  }

  // Everything went well.
  return false;
}

/// PerformImplicitConversion - Perform an implicit conversion of the
/// expression From to the type ToType by following the standard
/// conversion sequence SCS. Returns true if there was an error, false
/// otherwise. The expression From is replaced with the converted
/// expression.
bool
Sema::PerformImplicitConversion(Expr *&From, QualType ToType,
                                const StandardConversionSequence& SCS)
{
  // Overall FIXME: we are recomputing too many types here and doing
  // far too much extra work. What this means is that we need to keep
  // track of more information that is computed when we try the
  // implicit conversion initially, so that we don't need to recompute
  // anything here.
  QualType FromType = From->getType();

  if (SCS.CopyConstructor) {
    // FIXME: Create a temporary object by calling the copy
    // constructor.
    ImpCastExprToType(From, ToType);
    return false;
  }

  // Perform the first implicit conversion.
  switch (SCS.First) {
  case ICK_Identity:
  case ICK_Lvalue_To_Rvalue:
    // Nothing to do.
    break;

  case ICK_Array_To_Pointer:
    if (FromType->isOverloadType()) {
      FunctionDecl *Fn = ResolveAddressOfOverloadedFunction(From, ToType, true);
      if (!Fn)
        return true;

      FixOverloadedFunctionReference(From, Fn);
      FromType = From->getType();
    } else {
      FromType = Context.getArrayDecayedType(FromType);
    }
    ImpCastExprToType(From, FromType);
    break;

  case ICK_Function_To_Pointer:
    FromType = Context.getPointerType(FromType);
    ImpCastExprToType(From, FromType);
    break;

  default:
    assert(false && "Improper first standard conversion");
    break;
  }

  // Perform the second implicit conversion
  switch (SCS.Second) {
  case ICK_Identity:
    // Nothing to do.
    break;

  case ICK_Integral_Promotion:
  case ICK_Floating_Promotion:
  case ICK_Integral_Conversion:
  case ICK_Floating_Conversion:
  case ICK_Floating_Integral:
    FromType = ToType.getUnqualifiedType();
    ImpCastExprToType(From, FromType);
    break;

  case ICK_Pointer_Conversion:
    if (CheckPointerConversion(From, ToType))
      return true;
    ImpCastExprToType(From, ToType);
    break;

  case ICK_Pointer_Member:
    // FIXME: Implement pointer-to-member conversions.
    assert(false && "Pointer-to-member conversions are unsupported");
    break;

  case ICK_Boolean_Conversion:
    FromType = Context.BoolTy;
    ImpCastExprToType(From, FromType);
    break;

  default:
    assert(false && "Improper second standard conversion");
    break;
  }

  switch (SCS.Third) {
  case ICK_Identity:
    // Nothing to do.
    break;

  case ICK_Qualification:
    ImpCastExprToType(From, ToType);
    break;

  default:
    assert(false && "Improper second standard conversion");
    break;
  }

  return false;
}