1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#include <dirent.h>
18#include <errno.h>
19#include <fcntl.h>
20#include <limits.h>
21#include <poll.h>
22#include <signal.h>
23#include <stdarg.h>
24#include <stdio.h>
25#include <stdlib.h>
26#include <string>
27#include <string.h>
28#include <sys/capability.h>
29#include <sys/inotify.h>
30#include <sys/stat.h>
31#include <sys/sysconf.h>
32#include <sys/time.h>
33#include <sys/wait.h>
34#include <sys/klog.h>
35#include <time.h>
36#include <unistd.h>
37#include <vector>
38#include <sys/prctl.h>
39
40#define LOG_TAG "dumpstate"
41
42#include <android-base/file.h>
43#include <cutils/debugger.h>
44#include <cutils/log.h>
45#include <cutils/properties.h>
46#include <cutils/sockets.h>
47#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
48
49#include <selinux/android.h>
50
51#include "dumpstate.h"
52
53static const int64_t NANOS_PER_SEC = 1000000000;
54
55/* list of native processes to include in the native dumps */
56// This matches the /proc/pid/exe link instead of /proc/pid/cmdline.
57static const char* native_processes_to_dump[] = {
58        "/system/bin/audioserver",
59        "/system/bin/cameraserver",
60        "/system/bin/drmserver",
61        "/system/bin/mediacodec",     // media.codec
62        "/system/bin/mediadrmserver",
63        "/system/bin/mediaextractor", // media.extractor
64        "/system/bin/mediaserver",
65        "/system/bin/sdcard",
66        "/system/bin/surfaceflinger",
67        "/system/bin/vehicle_network_service",
68        NULL,
69};
70
71DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const char *title) : DurationReporter(title, stdout) {}
72
73DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const char *title, FILE *out) {
74    title_ = title;
75    if (title) {
76        started_ = DurationReporter::nanotime();
77    }
78    out_ = out;
79}
80
81DurationReporter::~DurationReporter() {
82    if (title_) {
83        uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - started_;
84        // Use "Yoda grammar" to make it easier to grep|sort sections.
85        if (out_) {
86            fprintf(out_, "------ %.3fs was the duration of '%s' ------\n",
87                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, title_);
88        } else {
89            MYLOGD("Duration of '%s': %.3fs\n", title_, (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
90        }
91    }
92}
93
94uint64_t DurationReporter::DurationReporter::nanotime() {
95    struct timespec ts;
96    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
97    return (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * NANOS_PER_SEC + ts.tv_nsec;
98}
99
100void for_each_userid(void (*func)(int), const char *header) {
101    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
102    DIR *d;
103    struct dirent *de;
104
105    if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
106    func(0);
107
108    if (!(d = opendir("/data/system/users"))) {
109        printf("Failed to open /data/system/users (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
110        return;
111    }
112
113    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
114        int userid;
115        if (de->d_type != DT_DIR || !(userid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
116            continue;
117        }
118        func(userid);
119    }
120
121    closedir(d);
122}
123
124static void __for_each_pid(void (*helper)(int, const char *, void *), const char *header, void *arg) {
125    DIR *d;
126    struct dirent *de;
127
128    if (!(d = opendir("/proc"))) {
129        printf("Failed to open /proc (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
130        return;
131    }
132
133    if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
134    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
135        int pid;
136        int fd;
137        char cmdpath[255];
138        char cmdline[255];
139
140        if (!(pid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
141            continue;
142        }
143
144        memset(cmdline, 0, sizeof(cmdline));
145
146        snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
147        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
148            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline) - 2));
149            close(fd);
150            if (cmdline[0]) {
151                helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
152                continue;
153            }
154        }
155
156        // if no cmdline, a kernel thread has comm
157        snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/comm", pid);
158        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
159            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline + 1, sizeof(cmdline) - 4));
160            close(fd);
161            if (cmdline[1]) {
162                cmdline[0] = '[';
163                size_t len = strcspn(cmdline, "\f\b\r\n");
164                cmdline[len] = ']';
165                cmdline[len+1] = '\0';
166            }
167        }
168        if (!cmdline[0]) {
169            strcpy(cmdline, "N/A");
170        }
171        helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
172    }
173
174    closedir(d);
175}
176
177static void for_each_pid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
178    for_each_pid_func *func = (for_each_pid_func*) arg;
179    func(pid, cmdline);
180}
181
182void for_each_pid(for_each_pid_func func, const char *header) {
183    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
184  __for_each_pid(for_each_pid_helper, header, (void *)func);
185}
186
187static void for_each_tid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
188    DIR *d;
189    struct dirent *de;
190    char taskpath[255];
191    for_each_tid_func *func = (for_each_tid_func *) arg;
192
193    snprintf(taskpath, sizeof(taskpath), "/proc/%d/task", pid);
194
195    if (!(d = opendir(taskpath))) {
196        printf("Failed to open %s (%s)\n", taskpath, strerror(errno));
197        return;
198    }
199
200    func(pid, pid, cmdline);
201
202    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
203        int tid;
204        int fd;
205        char commpath[255];
206        char comm[255];
207
208        if (!(tid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
209            continue;
210        }
211
212        if (tid == pid)
213            continue;
214
215        snprintf(commpath, sizeof(commpath), "/proc/%d/comm", tid);
216        memset(comm, 0, sizeof(comm));
217        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(commpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
218            strcpy(comm, "N/A");
219        } else {
220            char *c;
221            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, comm, sizeof(comm) - 2));
222            close(fd);
223
224            c = strrchr(comm, '\n');
225            if (c) {
226                *c = '\0';
227            }
228        }
229        func(pid, tid, comm);
230    }
231
232    closedir(d);
233}
234
235void for_each_tid(for_each_tid_func func, const char *header) {
236    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
237    __for_each_pid(for_each_tid_helper, header, (void *) func);
238}
239
240void show_wchan(int pid, int tid, const char *name) {
241    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
242    char path[255];
243    char buffer[255];
244    int fd, ret, save_errno;
245    char name_buffer[255];
246
247    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
248
249    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/wchan", tid);
250    if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
251        printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
252        return;
253    }
254
255    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
256    save_errno = errno;
257    close(fd);
258
259    if (ret < 0) {
260        printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
261        return;
262    }
263
264    snprintf(name_buffer, sizeof(name_buffer), "%*s%s",
265             pid == tid ? 0 : 3, "", name);
266
267    printf("%-7d %-32s %s\n", tid, name_buffer, buffer);
268
269    return;
270}
271
272// print time in centiseconds
273static void snprcent(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc,
274                     unsigned long long time) {
275    static long hz; // cache discovered hz
276
277    if (hz <= 0) {
278        hz = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
279        if (hz <= 0) {
280            hz = 1000;
281        }
282    }
283
284    // convert to centiseconds
285    time = (time * 100 + (hz / 2)) / hz;
286
287    char str[16];
288
289    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %llu.%02u",
290             time / 100, (unsigned)(time % 100));
291    size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
292    snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
293             "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
294}
295
296// print permille as a percent
297static void snprdec(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc, unsigned permille) {
298    char str[16];
299
300    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %u.%u%%", permille / 10, permille % 10);
301    size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
302    snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
303             "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
304}
305
306void show_showtime(int pid, const char *name) {
307    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
308    char path[255];
309    char buffer[1023];
310    int fd, ret, save_errno;
311
312    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
313
314    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/stat", pid);
315    if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
316        printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
317        return;
318    }
319
320    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
321    save_errno = errno;
322    close(fd);
323
324    if (ret < 0) {
325        printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
326        return;
327    }
328
329    // field 14 is utime
330    // field 15 is stime
331    // field 42 is iotime
332    unsigned long long utime = 0, stime = 0, iotime = 0;
333    if (sscanf(buffer,
334               "%*u %*s %*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
335               "%*d %*d %llu %llu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
336               "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
337               "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %llu ",
338               &utime, &stime, &iotime) != 3) {
339        return;
340    }
341
342    unsigned long long total = utime + stime;
343    if (!total) {
344        return;
345    }
346
347    unsigned permille = (iotime * 1000 + (total / 2)) / total;
348    if (permille > 1000) {
349        permille = 1000;
350    }
351
352    // try to beautify and stabilize columns at <80 characters
353    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%-6d%s", pid, name);
354    if ((name[0] != '[') || utime) {
355        snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 57, utime);
356    }
357    snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 65, stime);
358    if ((name[0] != '[') || iotime) {
359        snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 73, iotime);
360    }
361    if (iotime) {
362        snprdec(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 79, permille);
363    }
364    puts(buffer); // adds a trailing newline
365
366    return;
367}
368
369void do_dmesg() {
370    const char *title = "KERNEL LOG (dmesg)";
371    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
372    printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
373
374    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
375    /* Get size of kernel buffer */
376    int size = klogctl(KLOG_SIZE_BUFFER, NULL, 0);
377    if (size <= 0) {
378        printf("Unexpected klogctl return value: %d\n\n", size);
379        return;
380    }
381    char *buf = (char *) malloc(size + 1);
382    if (buf == NULL) {
383        printf("memory allocation failed\n\n");
384        return;
385    }
386    int retval = klogctl(KLOG_READ_ALL, buf, size);
387    if (retval < 0) {
388        printf("klogctl failure\n\n");
389        free(buf);
390        return;
391    }
392    buf[retval] = '\0';
393    printf("%s\n\n", buf);
394    free(buf);
395    return;
396}
397
398void do_showmap(int pid, const char *name) {
399    char title[255];
400    char arg[255];
401
402    snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "SHOW MAP %d (%s)", pid, name);
403    snprintf(arg, sizeof(arg), "%d", pid);
404    run_command(title, 10, SU_PATH, "root", "showmap", "-q", arg, NULL);
405}
406
407static int _dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
408    if (title) {
409        printf("------ %s (%s", title, path);
410
411        struct stat st;
412        // Only show the modification time of non-device files.
413        size_t path_len = strlen(path);
414        if ((path_len < 6 || memcmp(path, "/proc/", 6)) &&
415                (path_len < 5 || memcmp(path, "/sys/", 5)) &&
416                (path_len < 3 || memcmp(path, "/d/", 3)) &&
417                !fstat(fd, &st)) {
418            char stamp[80];
419            time_t mtime = st.st_mtime;
420            strftime(stamp, sizeof(stamp), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localtime(&mtime));
421            printf(": %s", stamp);
422        }
423        printf(") ------\n");
424    }
425    ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(WEIGHT_FILE); close(fd); return 0; });
426
427    bool newline = false;
428    fd_set read_set;
429    struct timeval tm;
430    while (1) {
431        FD_ZERO(&read_set);
432        FD_SET(fd, &read_set);
433        /* Timeout if no data is read for 30 seconds. */
434        tm.tv_sec = 30;
435        tm.tv_usec = 0;
436        uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime();
437        int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(select(fd + 1, &read_set, NULL, NULL, &tm));
438        if (ret == -1) {
439            printf("*** %s: select failed: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
440            newline = true;
441            break;
442        } else if (ret == 0) {
443            elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - elapsed;
444            printf("*** %s: Timed out after %.3fs\n", path,
445                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
446            newline = true;
447            break;
448        } else {
449            char buffer[65536];
450            ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
451            if (bytes_read > 0) {
452                fwrite(buffer, bytes_read, 1, stdout);
453                newline = (buffer[bytes_read-1] == '\n');
454            } else {
455                if (bytes_read == -1) {
456                    printf("*** %s: Failed to read from fd: %s", path, strerror(errno));
457                    newline = true;
458                }
459                break;
460            }
461        }
462    }
463    update_progress(WEIGHT_FILE);
464    close(fd);
465
466    if (!newline) printf("\n");
467    if (title) printf("\n");
468    return 0;
469}
470
471/* prints the contents of a file */
472int dump_file(const char *title, const char *path) {
473    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
474    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
475    if (fd < 0) {
476        int err = errno;
477        printf("*** %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
478        if (title) printf("\n");
479        return -1;
480    }
481    return _dump_file_from_fd(title, path, fd);
482}
483
484int read_file_as_long(const char *path, long int *output) {
485    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
486    if (fd < 0) {
487        int err = errno;
488        MYLOGE("Error opening file descriptor for %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
489        return -1;
490    }
491    char buffer[50];
492    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
493    if (bytes_read == -1) {
494        MYLOGE("Error reading file %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
495        return -2;
496    }
497    if (bytes_read == 0) {
498        MYLOGE("File %s is empty\n", path);
499        return -3;
500    }
501    *output = atoi(buffer);
502    return 0;
503}
504
505/* calls skip to gate calling dump_from_fd recursively
506 * in the specified directory. dump_from_fd defaults to
507 * dump_file_from_fd above when set to NULL. skip defaults
508 * to false when set to NULL. dump_from_fd will always be
509 * called with title NULL.
510 */
511int dump_files(const char *title, const char *dir,
512        bool (*skip)(const char *path),
513        int (*dump_from_fd)(const char *title, const char *path, int fd)) {
514    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
515    DIR *dirp;
516    struct dirent *d;
517    char *newpath = NULL;
518    const char *slash = "/";
519    int fd, retval = 0;
520
521    if (title) {
522        printf("------ %s (%s) ------\n", title, dir);
523    }
524    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN(0);
525
526    if (dir[strlen(dir) - 1] == '/') {
527        ++slash;
528    }
529    dirp = opendir(dir);
530    if (dirp == NULL) {
531        retval = -errno;
532        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", dir, strerror(errno));
533        return retval;
534    }
535
536    if (!dump_from_fd) {
537        dump_from_fd = dump_file_from_fd;
538    }
539    for (; ((d = readdir(dirp))); free(newpath), newpath = NULL) {
540        if ((d->d_name[0] == '.')
541         && (((d->d_name[1] == '.') && (d->d_name[2] == '\0'))
542          || (d->d_name[1] == '\0'))) {
543            continue;
544        }
545        asprintf(&newpath, "%s%s%s%s", dir, slash, d->d_name,
546                 (d->d_type == DT_DIR) ? "/" : "");
547        if (!newpath) {
548            retval = -errno;
549            continue;
550        }
551        if (skip && (*skip)(newpath)) {
552            continue;
553        }
554        if (d->d_type == DT_DIR) {
555            int ret = dump_files(NULL, newpath, skip, dump_from_fd);
556            if (ret < 0) {
557                retval = ret;
558            }
559            continue;
560        }
561        fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(newpath, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
562        if (fd < 0) {
563            retval = fd;
564            printf("*** %s: %s\n", newpath, strerror(errno));
565            continue;
566        }
567        (*dump_from_fd)(NULL, newpath, fd);
568    }
569    closedir(dirp);
570    if (title) {
571        printf("\n");
572    }
573    return retval;
574}
575
576/* fd must have been opened with the flag O_NONBLOCK. With this flag set,
577 * it's possible to avoid issues where opening the file itself can get
578 * stuck.
579 */
580int dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
581    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
582    if (flags == -1) {
583        printf("*** %s: failed to get flags on fd %d: %s\n", path, fd, strerror(errno));
584        close(fd);
585        return -1;
586    } else if (!(flags & O_NONBLOCK)) {
587        printf("*** %s: fd must have O_NONBLOCK set.\n", path);
588        close(fd);
589        return -1;
590    }
591    return _dump_file_from_fd(title, path, fd);
592}
593
594bool waitpid_with_timeout(pid_t pid, int timeout_seconds, int* status) {
595    sigset_t child_mask, old_mask;
596    sigemptyset(&child_mask);
597    sigaddset(&child_mask, SIGCHLD);
598
599    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &child_mask, &old_mask) == -1) {
600        printf("*** sigprocmask failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
601        return false;
602    }
603
604    struct timespec ts;
605    ts.tv_sec = timeout_seconds;
606    ts.tv_nsec = 0;
607    int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sigtimedwait(&child_mask, NULL, &ts));
608    int saved_errno = errno;
609    // Set the signals back the way they were.
610    if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_mask, NULL) == -1) {
611        printf("*** sigprocmask failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
612        if (ret == 0) {
613            return false;
614        }
615    }
616    if (ret == -1) {
617        errno = saved_errno;
618        if (errno == EAGAIN) {
619            errno = ETIMEDOUT;
620        } else {
621            printf("*** sigtimedwait failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
622        }
623        return false;
624    }
625
626    pid_t child_pid = waitpid(pid, status, WNOHANG);
627    if (child_pid != pid) {
628        if (child_pid != -1) {
629            printf("*** Waiting for pid %d, got pid %d instead\n", pid, child_pid);
630        } else {
631            printf("*** waitpid failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
632        }
633        return false;
634    }
635    return true;
636}
637
638// TODO: refactor all those commands that convert args
639void format_args(const char* command, const char *args[], std::string *string);
640
641int run_command(const char *title, int timeout_seconds, const char *command, ...) {
642    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
643    fflush(stdout);
644
645    const char *args[1024] = {command};
646    size_t arg;
647    va_list ap;
648    va_start(ap, command);
649    if (title) printf("------ %s (%s", title, command);
650    bool null_terminated = false;
651    for (arg = 1; arg < sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]); ++arg) {
652        args[arg] = va_arg(ap, const char *);
653        if (args[arg] == nullptr) {
654            null_terminated = true;
655            break;
656        }
657        // TODO: null_terminated check is not really working; line below would crash dumpstate if
658        // nullptr is missing
659        if (title) printf(" %s", args[arg]);
660    }
661    if (title) printf(") ------\n");
662    fflush(stdout);
663    if (!null_terminated) {
664        // Fail now, otherwise execvp() call on run_command_always() might hang.
665        std::string cmd;
666        format_args(command, args, &cmd);
667        MYLOGE("skipping command %s because its args were not NULL-terminated", cmd.c_str());
668        return -1;
669    }
670
671    ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(timeout_seconds); va_end(ap); return 0; });
672
673    int status = run_command_always(title, DONT_DROP_ROOT, NORMAL_STDOUT, timeout_seconds, args);
674    va_end(ap);
675    return status;
676}
677
678int run_command_as_shell(const char *title, int timeout_seconds, const char *command, ...) {
679    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
680    fflush(stdout);
681
682    const char *args[1024] = {command};
683    size_t arg;
684    va_list ap;
685    va_start(ap, command);
686    if (title) printf("------ %s (%s", title, command);
687    bool null_terminated = false;
688    for (arg = 1; arg < sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]); ++arg) {
689        args[arg] = va_arg(ap, const char *);
690        if (args[arg] == nullptr) {
691            null_terminated = true;
692            break;
693        }
694        // TODO: null_terminated check is not really working; line below would crash dumpstate if
695        // nullptr is missing
696        if (title) printf(" %s", args[arg]);
697    }
698    if (title) printf(") ------\n");
699    fflush(stdout);
700    if (!null_terminated) {
701        // Fail now, otherwise execvp() call on run_command_always() might hang.
702        std::string cmd;
703        format_args(command, args, &cmd);
704        MYLOGE("skipping command %s because its args were not NULL-terminated", cmd.c_str());
705        return -1;
706    }
707
708    ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(timeout_seconds); va_end(ap); return 0; });
709
710    int status = run_command_always(title, DROP_ROOT, NORMAL_STDOUT, timeout_seconds, args);
711    va_end(ap);
712    return status;
713}
714
715/* forks a command and waits for it to finish */
716int run_command_always(const char *title, RootMode root_mode, StdoutMode stdout_mode,
717        int timeout_seconds, const char *args[]) {
718    bool silent = (stdout_mode == REDIRECT_TO_STDERR);
719    // TODO: need to check if args is null-terminated, otherwise execvp will crash dumpstate
720
721    /* TODO: for now we're simplifying the progress calculation by using the timeout as the weight.
722     * It's a good approximation for most cases, except when calling dumpsys, where its weight
723     * should be much higher proportionally to its timeout. */
724    int weight = timeout_seconds;
725
726    const char *command = args[0];
727    uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
728    pid_t pid = fork();
729
730    /* handle error case */
731    if (pid < 0) {
732        if (!silent) printf("*** fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
733        MYLOGE("*** fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
734        return pid;
735    }
736
737    /* handle child case */
738    if (pid == 0) {
739        if (root_mode == DROP_ROOT && !drop_root_user()) {
740        if (!silent) printf("*** fail todrop root before running %s: %s\n", command,
741                strerror(errno));
742            MYLOGE("*** could not drop root before running %s: %s\n", command, strerror(errno));
743            return -1;
744        }
745
746        if (silent) {
747            // Redirect stderr to stdout
748            dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
749        }
750
751        /* make sure the child dies when dumpstate dies */
752        prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
753
754        /* just ignore SIGPIPE, will go down with parent's */
755        struct sigaction sigact;
756        memset(&sigact, 0, sizeof(sigact));
757        sigact.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
758        sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigact, NULL);
759
760        execvp(command, (char**) args);
761        // execvp's result will be handled after waitpid_with_timeout() below, but if it failed,
762        // it's safer to exit dumpstate.
763        MYLOGD("execvp on command '%s' failed (error: %s)", command, strerror(errno));
764        fflush(stdout);
765        // Must call _exit (instead of exit), otherwise it will corrupt the zip file.
766        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
767    }
768
769    /* handle parent case */
770    int status;
771    bool ret = waitpid_with_timeout(pid, timeout_seconds, &status);
772    uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - start;
773    std::string cmd; // used to log command and its args
774    if (!ret) {
775        if (errno == ETIMEDOUT) {
776            format_args(command, args, &cmd);
777            if (!silent) printf("*** command '%s' timed out after %.3fs (killing pid %d)\n",
778            cmd.c_str(), (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
779            MYLOGE("command '%s' timed out after %.3fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
780                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
781        } else {
782            format_args(command, args, &cmd);
783            if (!silent) printf("*** command '%s': Error after %.4fs (killing pid %d)\n",
784            cmd.c_str(), (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
785            MYLOGE("command '%s': Error after %.4fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
786                   (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
787        }
788        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
789        if (!waitpid_with_timeout(pid, 5, NULL)) {
790            kill(pid, SIGKILL);
791            if (!waitpid_with_timeout(pid, 5, NULL)) {
792                if (!silent) printf("could not kill command '%s' (pid %d) even with SIGKILL.\n",
793                        command, pid);
794                MYLOGE("could not kill command '%s' (pid %d) even with SIGKILL.\n", command, pid);
795            }
796        }
797        return -1;
798    } else if (status) {
799        format_args(command, args, &cmd);
800        if (!silent) printf("*** command '%s' failed: %s\n", cmd.c_str(), strerror(errno));
801        MYLOGE("command '%s' failed: %s\n", cmd.c_str(), strerror(errno));
802        return -2;
803    }
804
805    if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
806        if (!silent) printf("*** %s: Killed by signal %d\n", command, WTERMSIG(status));
807        MYLOGE("*** %s: Killed by signal %d\n", command, WTERMSIG(status));
808    } else if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) > 0) {
809        if (!silent) printf("*** %s: Exit code %d\n", command, WEXITSTATUS(status));
810        MYLOGE("*** %s: Exit code %d\n", command, WEXITSTATUS(status));
811    }
812
813    if (weight > 0) {
814        update_progress(weight);
815    }
816    return status;
817}
818
819bool drop_root_user() {
820    if (getgid() == AID_SHELL && getuid() == AID_SHELL) {
821        MYLOGD("drop_root_user(): already running as Shell");
822        return true;
823    }
824    /* ensure we will keep capabilities when we drop root */
825    if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1) < 0) {
826        MYLOGE("prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
827        return false;
828    }
829
830    gid_t groups[] = { AID_LOG, AID_SDCARD_R, AID_SDCARD_RW,
831            AID_MOUNT, AID_INET, AID_NET_BW_STATS, AID_READPROC,
832            AID_BLUETOOTH };
833    if (setgroups(sizeof(groups)/sizeof(groups[0]), groups) != 0) {
834        MYLOGE("Unable to setgroups, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
835        return false;
836    }
837    if (setgid(AID_SHELL) != 0) {
838        MYLOGE("Unable to setgid, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
839        return false;
840    }
841    if (setuid(AID_SHELL) != 0) {
842        MYLOGE("Unable to setuid, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
843        return false;
844    }
845
846    struct __user_cap_header_struct capheader;
847    struct __user_cap_data_struct capdata[2];
848    memset(&capheader, 0, sizeof(capheader));
849    memset(&capdata, 0, sizeof(capdata));
850    capheader.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3;
851    capheader.pid = 0;
852
853    capdata[CAP_TO_INDEX(CAP_SYSLOG)].permitted = CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYSLOG);
854    capdata[CAP_TO_INDEX(CAP_SYSLOG)].effective = CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYSLOG);
855    capdata[0].inheritable = 0;
856    capdata[1].inheritable = 0;
857
858    if (capset(&capheader, &capdata[0]) < 0) {
859        MYLOGE("capset failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
860        return false;
861    }
862
863    return true;
864}
865
866void send_broadcast(const std::string& action, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
867    if (args.size() > 1000) {
868        MYLOGE("send_broadcast: too many arguments (%d)\n", (int) args.size());
869        return;
870    }
871    const char *am_args[1024] = { "/system/bin/am", "broadcast", "--user", "0", "-a",
872                                  action.c_str() };
873    size_t am_index = 5; // Starts at the index of last initial value above.
874    for (const std::string& arg : args) {
875        am_args[++am_index] = arg.c_str();
876    }
877    // Always terminate with NULL.
878    am_args[am_index + 1] = NULL;
879    std::string args_string;
880    format_args(am_index + 1, am_args, &args_string);
881    MYLOGD("send_broadcast command: %s\n", args_string.c_str());
882    run_command_always(NULL, DROP_ROOT, REDIRECT_TO_STDERR, 20, am_args);
883}
884
885size_t num_props = 0;
886static char* props[2000];
887
888static void print_prop(const char *key, const char *name, void *user) {
889    (void) user;
890    if (num_props < sizeof(props) / sizeof(props[0])) {
891        char buf[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX + 10];
892        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "[%s]: [%s]\n", key, name);
893        props[num_props++] = strdup(buf);
894    }
895}
896
897static int compare_prop(const void *a, const void *b) {
898    return strcmp(*(char * const *) a, *(char * const *) b);
899}
900
901/* prints all the system properties */
902void print_properties() {
903    const char* title = "SYSTEM PROPERTIES";
904    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
905    printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
906    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
907    size_t i;
908    num_props = 0;
909    property_list(print_prop, NULL);
910    qsort(&props, num_props, sizeof(props[0]), compare_prop);
911
912    for (i = 0; i < num_props; ++i) {
913        fputs(props[i], stdout);
914        free(props[i]);
915    }
916    printf("\n");
917}
918
919int open_socket(const char *service) {
920    int s = android_get_control_socket(service);
921    if (s < 0) {
922        MYLOGE("android_get_control_socket(%s): %s\n", service, strerror(errno));
923        exit(1);
924    }
925    fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
926    if (listen(s, 4) < 0) {
927        MYLOGE("listen(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
928        exit(1);
929    }
930
931    struct sockaddr addr;
932    socklen_t alen = sizeof(addr);
933    int fd = accept(s, &addr, &alen);
934    if (fd < 0) {
935        MYLOGE("accept(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
936        exit(1);
937    }
938
939    return fd;
940}
941
942/* redirect output to a service control socket */
943void redirect_to_socket(FILE *redirect, const char *service) {
944    int fd = open_socket(service);
945    fflush(redirect);
946    dup2(fd, fileno(redirect));
947    close(fd);
948}
949
950// TODO: should call is_valid_output_file and/or be merged into it.
951void create_parent_dirs(const char *path) {
952    char *chp = const_cast<char *> (path);
953
954    /* skip initial slash */
955    if (chp[0] == '/')
956        chp++;
957
958    /* create leading directories, if necessary */
959    struct stat dir_stat;
960    while (chp && chp[0]) {
961        chp = strchr(chp, '/');
962        if (chp) {
963            *chp = 0;
964            if (stat(path, &dir_stat) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(dir_stat.st_mode)) {
965                MYLOGI("Creating directory %s\n", path);
966                if (mkdir(path, 0770)) { /* drwxrwx--- */
967                    MYLOGE("Unable to create directory %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
968                } else if (chown(path, AID_SHELL, AID_SHELL)) {
969                    MYLOGE("Unable to change ownership of dir %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
970                }
971            }
972            *chp++ = '/';
973        }
974    }
975}
976
977/* redirect output to a file */
978void redirect_to_file(FILE *redirect, char *path) {
979    create_parent_dirs(path);
980
981    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
982                                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH));
983    if (fd < 0) {
984        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
985        exit(1);
986    }
987
988    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(fd, fileno(redirect)));
989    close(fd);
990}
991
992static bool should_dump_native_traces(const char* path) {
993    for (const char** p = native_processes_to_dump; *p; p++) {
994        if (!strcmp(*p, path)) {
995            return true;
996        }
997    }
998    return false;
999}
1000
1001/* dump Dalvik and native stack traces, return the trace file location (NULL if none) */
1002const char *dump_traces() {
1003    DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP TRACES", NULL);
1004    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN(NULL);
1005    const char* result = NULL;
1006
1007    char traces_path[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = "";
1008    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", traces_path, "");
1009    if (!traces_path[0]) return NULL;
1010
1011    /* move the old traces.txt (if any) out of the way temporarily */
1012    char anr_traces_path[PATH_MAX];
1013    strlcpy(anr_traces_path, traces_path, sizeof(anr_traces_path));
1014    strlcat(anr_traces_path, ".anr", sizeof(anr_traces_path));
1015    if (rename(traces_path, anr_traces_path) && errno != ENOENT) {
1016        MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path, anr_traces_path, strerror(errno));
1017        return NULL;  // Can't rename old traces.txt -- no permission? -- leave it alone instead
1018    }
1019
1020    /* create a new, empty traces.txt file to receive stack dumps */
1021    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(traces_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC,
1022                                     0666));  /* -rw-rw-rw- */
1023    if (fd < 0) {
1024        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
1025        return NULL;
1026    }
1027    int chmod_ret = fchmod(fd, 0666);
1028    if (chmod_ret < 0) {
1029        MYLOGE("fchmod on %s failed: %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
1030        close(fd);
1031        return NULL;
1032    }
1033
1034    /* Variables below must be initialized before 'goto' statements */
1035    int dalvik_found = 0;
1036    int ifd, wfd = -1;
1037
1038    /* walk /proc and kill -QUIT all Dalvik processes */
1039    DIR *proc = opendir("/proc");
1040    if (proc == NULL) {
1041        MYLOGE("/proc: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1042        goto error_close_fd;
1043    }
1044
1045    /* use inotify to find when processes are done dumping */
1046    ifd = inotify_init();
1047    if (ifd < 0) {
1048        MYLOGE("inotify_init: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1049        goto error_close_fd;
1050    }
1051
1052    wfd = inotify_add_watch(ifd, traces_path, IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
1053    if (wfd < 0) {
1054        MYLOGE("inotify_add_watch(%s): %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
1055        goto error_close_ifd;
1056    }
1057
1058    struct dirent *d;
1059    while ((d = readdir(proc))) {
1060        int pid = atoi(d->d_name);
1061        if (pid <= 0) continue;
1062
1063        char path[PATH_MAX];
1064        char data[PATH_MAX];
1065        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/exe", pid);
1066        ssize_t len = readlink(path, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
1067        if (len <= 0) {
1068            continue;
1069        }
1070        data[len] = '\0';
1071
1072        if (!strncmp(data, "/system/bin/app_process", strlen("/system/bin/app_process"))) {
1073            /* skip zygote -- it won't dump its stack anyway */
1074            snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
1075            int cfd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
1076            len = read(cfd, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
1077            close(cfd);
1078            if (len <= 0) {
1079                continue;
1080            }
1081            data[len] = '\0';
1082            if (!strncmp(data, "zygote", strlen("zygote"))) {
1083                continue;
1084            }
1085
1086            ++dalvik_found;
1087            uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
1088            if (kill(pid, SIGQUIT)) {
1089                MYLOGE("kill(%d, SIGQUIT): %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
1090                continue;
1091            }
1092
1093            /* wait for the writable-close notification from inotify */
1094            struct pollfd pfd = { ifd, POLLIN, 0 };
1095            int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, 5000);  /* 5 sec timeout */
1096            if (ret < 0) {
1097                MYLOGE("poll: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1098            } else if (ret == 0) {
1099                MYLOGE("warning: timed out dumping pid %d\n", pid);
1100            } else {
1101                struct inotify_event ie;
1102                read(ifd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
1103            }
1104
1105            if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
1106                MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1107            } else {
1108                dprintf(fd, "[dump dalvik stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n",
1109                        pid, (float)(DurationReporter::nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
1110            }
1111        } else if (should_dump_native_traces(data)) {
1112            /* dump native process if appropriate */
1113            if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
1114                MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1115            } else {
1116                static uint16_t timeout_failures = 0;
1117                uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
1118
1119                /* If 3 backtrace dumps fail in a row, consider debuggerd dead. */
1120                if (timeout_failures == 3) {
1121                    dprintf(fd, "too many stack dump failures, skipping...\n");
1122                } else if (dump_backtrace_to_file_timeout(pid, fd, 20) == -1) {
1123                    dprintf(fd, "dumping failed, likely due to a timeout\n");
1124                    timeout_failures++;
1125                } else {
1126                    timeout_failures = 0;
1127                }
1128                dprintf(fd, "[dump native stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n",
1129                        pid, (float)(DurationReporter::nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
1130            }
1131        }
1132    }
1133
1134    if (dalvik_found == 0) {
1135        MYLOGE("Warning: no Dalvik processes found to dump stacks\n");
1136    }
1137
1138    static char dump_traces_path[PATH_MAX];
1139    strlcpy(dump_traces_path, traces_path, sizeof(dump_traces_path));
1140    strlcat(dump_traces_path, ".bugreport", sizeof(dump_traces_path));
1141    if (rename(traces_path, dump_traces_path)) {
1142        MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path, dump_traces_path, strerror(errno));
1143        goto error_close_ifd;
1144    }
1145    result = dump_traces_path;
1146
1147    /* replace the saved [ANR] traces.txt file */
1148    rename(anr_traces_path, traces_path);
1149
1150error_close_ifd:
1151    close(ifd);
1152error_close_fd:
1153    close(fd);
1154    return result;
1155}
1156
1157void dump_route_tables() {
1158    DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP ROUTE TABLES");
1159    ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
1160    const char* const RT_TABLES_PATH = "/data/misc/net/rt_tables";
1161    dump_file("RT_TABLES", RT_TABLES_PATH);
1162    FILE* fp = fopen(RT_TABLES_PATH, "re");
1163    if (!fp) {
1164        printf("*** %s: %s\n", RT_TABLES_PATH, strerror(errno));
1165        return;
1166    }
1167    char table[16];
1168    // Each line has an integer (the table number), a space, and a string (the table name). We only
1169    // need the table number. It's a 32-bit unsigned number, so max 10 chars. Skip the table name.
1170    // Add a fixed max limit so this doesn't go awry.
1171    for (int i = 0; i < 64 && fscanf(fp, " %10s %*s", table) == 1; ++i) {
1172        run_command("ROUTE TABLE IPv4", 10, "ip", "-4", "route", "show", "table", table, NULL);
1173        run_command("ROUTE TABLE IPv6", 10, "ip", "-6", "route", "show", "table", table, NULL);
1174    }
1175    fclose(fp);
1176}
1177
1178/* overall progress */
1179int progress = 0;
1180int do_update_progress = 0; // Set by dumpstate.cpp
1181int weight_total = WEIGHT_TOTAL;
1182
1183// TODO: make this function thread safe if sections are generated in parallel.
1184void update_progress(int delta) {
1185    if (!do_update_progress) return;
1186
1187    progress += delta;
1188
1189    char key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
1190    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
1191
1192    // adjusts max on the fly
1193    if (progress > weight_total) {
1194        int new_total = weight_total * 1.2;
1195        MYLOGD("Adjusting total weight from %d to %d\n", weight_total, new_total);
1196        weight_total = new_total;
1197        snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "dumpstate.%d.max", getpid());
1198        snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "%d", weight_total);
1199        int status = property_set(key, value);
1200        if (status) {
1201            MYLOGE("Could not update max weight by setting system property %s to %s: %d\n",
1202                    key, value, status);
1203        }
1204    }
1205
1206    snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "dumpstate.%d.progress", getpid());
1207    snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "%d", progress);
1208
1209    if (progress % 100 == 0) {
1210        // We don't want to spam logcat, so only log multiples of 100.
1211        MYLOGD("Setting progress (%s): %s/%d\n", key, value, weight_total);
1212    } else {
1213        // stderr is ignored on normal invocations, but useful when calling /system/bin/dumpstate
1214        // directly for debuggging.
1215        fprintf(stderr, "Setting progress (%s): %s/%d\n", key, value, weight_total);
1216    }
1217
1218    if (control_socket_fd >= 0) {
1219        dprintf(control_socket_fd, "PROGRESS:%d/%d\n", progress, weight_total);
1220        fsync(control_socket_fd);
1221    }
1222
1223    int status = property_set(key, value);
1224    if (status) {
1225        MYLOGE("Could not update progress by setting system property %s to %s: %d\n",
1226                key, value, status);
1227    }
1228}
1229
1230void take_screenshot(const std::string& path) {
1231    const char *args[] = { "/system/bin/screencap", "-p", path.c_str(), NULL };
1232    run_command_always(NULL, DONT_DROP_ROOT, REDIRECT_TO_STDERR, 10, args);
1233}
1234
1235void vibrate(FILE* vibrator, int ms) {
1236    fprintf(vibrator, "%d\n", ms);
1237    fflush(vibrator);
1238}
1239
1240bool is_dir(const char* pathname) {
1241    struct stat info;
1242    if (stat(pathname, &info) == -1) {
1243        return false;
1244    }
1245    return S_ISDIR(info.st_mode);
1246}
1247
1248time_t get_mtime(int fd, time_t default_mtime) {
1249    struct stat info;
1250    if (fstat(fd, &info) == -1) {
1251        return default_mtime;
1252    }
1253    return info.st_mtime;
1254}
1255
1256void dump_emmc_ecsd(const char *ext_csd_path) {
1257    // List of interesting offsets
1258    struct hex {
1259        char str[2];
1260    };
1261    static const size_t EXT_CSD_REV = 192 * sizeof(hex);
1262    static const size_t EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO = 267 * sizeof(hex);
1263    static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A = 268 * sizeof(hex);
1264    static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B = 269 * sizeof(hex);
1265
1266    std::string buffer;
1267    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(ext_csd_path, &buffer)) {
1268        return;
1269    }
1270
1271    printf("------ %s Extended CSD ------\n", ext_csd_path);
1272
1273    if (buffer.length() < (EXT_CSD_REV + sizeof(hex))) {
1274        printf("*** %s: truncated content %zu\n\n", ext_csd_path, buffer.length());
1275        return;
1276    }
1277
1278    int ext_csd_rev = 0;
1279    std::string sub = buffer.substr(EXT_CSD_REV, sizeof(hex));
1280    if (sscanf(sub.c_str(), "%2x", &ext_csd_rev) != 1) {
1281        printf("*** %s: EXT_CSD_REV parse error \"%s\"\n\n",
1282               ext_csd_path, sub.c_str());
1283        return;
1284    }
1285
1286    static const char *ver_str[] = {
1287        "4.0", "4.1", "4.2", "4.3", "Obsolete", "4.41", "4.5", "5.0"
1288    };
1289    printf("rev 1.%d (MMC %s)\n",
1290           ext_csd_rev,
1291           (ext_csd_rev < (int)(sizeof(ver_str) / sizeof(ver_str[0]))) ?
1292               ver_str[ext_csd_rev] :
1293               "Unknown");
1294    if (ext_csd_rev < 7) {
1295        printf("\n");
1296        return;
1297    }
1298
1299    if (buffer.length() < (EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO + sizeof(hex))) {
1300        printf("*** %s: truncated content %zu\n\n", ext_csd_path, buffer.length());
1301        return;
1302    }
1303
1304    int ext_pre_eol_info = 0;
1305    sub = buffer.substr(EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO, sizeof(hex));
1306    if (sscanf(sub.c_str(), "%2x", &ext_pre_eol_info) != 1) {
1307        printf("*** %s: PRE_EOL_INFO parse error \"%s\"\n\n",
1308               ext_csd_path, sub.c_str());
1309        return;
1310    }
1311
1312    static const char *eol_str[] = {
1313        "Undefined",
1314        "Normal",
1315        "Warning (consumed 80% of reserve)",
1316        "Urgent (consumed 90% of reserve)"
1317    };
1318    printf("PRE_EOL_INFO %d (MMC %s)\n",
1319           ext_pre_eol_info,
1320           eol_str[(ext_pre_eol_info < (int)
1321                       (sizeof(eol_str) / sizeof(eol_str[0]))) ?
1322                           ext_pre_eol_info : 0]);
1323
1324    for (size_t lifetime = EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A;
1325            lifetime <= EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B;
1326            lifetime += sizeof(hex)) {
1327        int ext_device_life_time_est;
1328        static const char *est_str[] = {
1329            "Undefined",
1330            "0-10% of device lifetime used",
1331            "10-20% of device lifetime used",
1332            "20-30% of device lifetime used",
1333            "30-40% of device lifetime used",
1334            "40-50% of device lifetime used",
1335            "50-60% of device lifetime used",
1336            "60-70% of device lifetime used",
1337            "70-80% of device lifetime used",
1338            "80-90% of device lifetime used",
1339            "90-100% of device lifetime used",
1340            "Exceeded the maximum estimated device lifetime",
1341        };
1342
1343        if (buffer.length() < (lifetime + sizeof(hex))) {
1344            printf("*** %s: truncated content %zu\n", ext_csd_path, buffer.length());
1345            break;
1346        }
1347
1348        ext_device_life_time_est = 0;
1349        sub = buffer.substr(lifetime, sizeof(hex));
1350        if (sscanf(sub.c_str(), "%2x", &ext_device_life_time_est) != 1) {
1351            printf("*** %s: DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c parse error \"%s\"\n",
1352                   ext_csd_path,
1353                   (unsigned)((lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) /
1354                              sizeof(hex)) + 'A',
1355                   sub.c_str());
1356            continue;
1357        }
1358        printf("DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c %d (MMC %s)\n",
1359               (unsigned)((lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) /
1360                          sizeof(hex)) + 'A',
1361               ext_device_life_time_est,
1362               est_str[(ext_device_life_time_est < (int)
1363                           (sizeof(est_str) / sizeof(est_str[0]))) ?
1364                               ext_device_life_time_est : 0]);
1365    }
1366
1367    printf("\n");
1368}
1369
1370// TODO: refactor all those commands that convert args
1371void format_args(int argc, const char *argv[], std::string *args) {
1372    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(args == nullptr);
1373    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
1374        args->append(argv[i]);
1375        if (i < argc -1) {
1376          args->append(" ");
1377        }
1378    }
1379}
1380void format_args(const char* command, const char *args[], std::string *string) {
1381    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(args == nullptr || command == nullptr);
1382    string->append(command);
1383    if (args[0] == nullptr) return;
1384    string->append(" ");
1385
1386    for (int arg = 1; arg <= 1000; ++arg) {
1387        if (args[arg] == nullptr) return;
1388        string->append(args[arg]);
1389        if (args[arg+1] != nullptr) {
1390            string->append(" ");
1391        }
1392    }
1393    // TODO: not really working: if NULL is missing, it will crash dumpstate.
1394    MYLOGE("internal error: missing NULL entry on %s", string->c_str());
1395}
1396