1/* 2******************************************************************************* 3* 4* Copyright (C) 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. 5* License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License 6* 7******************************************************************************* 8******************************************************************************* 9* 10* Copyright (C) 2000-2014, International Business Machines 11* Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. 12* 13******************************************************************************* 14* file name: ustring.c 15* encoding: US-ASCII 16* tab size: 8 (not used) 17* indentation:4 18* 19* created on: 2000aug15 20* created by: Markus W. Scherer 21* 22* This file contains sample code that illustrates the use of Unicode strings 23* with ICU. 24*/ 25 26#include <stdio.h> 27#include "unicode/utypes.h" 28#include "unicode/uchar.h" 29#include "unicode/locid.h" 30#include "unicode/ustring.h" 31#include "unicode/ucnv.h" 32#include "unicode/unistr.h" 33 34// helper functions -------------------------------------------------------- *** 35 36// default converter for the platform encoding 37static UConverter *cnv=NULL; 38 39static void 40printUString(const char *announce, const UChar *s, int32_t length) { 41 static char out[200]; 42 UChar32 c; 43 int32_t i; 44 UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 45 46 /* 47 * Convert to the "platform encoding". See notes in printUnicodeString(). 48 * ucnv_fromUChars(), like most ICU APIs understands length==-1 49 * to mean that the string is NUL-terminated. 50 */ 51 ucnv_fromUChars(cnv, out, sizeof(out), s, length, &errorCode); 52 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || errorCode==U_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED_WARNING) { 53 printf("%sproblem converting string from Unicode: %s\n", announce, u_errorName(errorCode)); 54 return; 55 } 56 57 printf("%s%s {", announce, out); 58 59 /* output the code points (not code units) */ 60 if(length>=0) { 61 /* s is not NUL-terminated */ 62 for(i=0; i<length; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 63 U16_NEXT(s, i, length, c); 64 printf(" %04x", c); 65 } 66 } else { 67 /* s is NUL-terminated */ 68 for(i=0; /* condition in loop body */; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 69 U16_NEXT(s, i, length, c); 70 if(c==0) { 71 break; 72 } 73 printf(" %04x", c); 74 } 75 } 76 printf(" }\n"); 77} 78 79static void 80printUnicodeString(const char *announce, const UnicodeString &s) { 81 static char out[200]; 82 int32_t i, length; 83 84 // output the string, converted to the platform encoding 85 86 // Note for Windows: The "platform encoding" defaults to the "ANSI codepage", 87 // which is different from the "OEM codepage" in the console window. 88 // However, if you pipe the output into a file and look at it with Notepad 89 // or similar, then "ANSI" characters will show correctly. 90 // Production code should be aware of what encoding is required, 91 // and use a UConverter or at least a charset name explicitly. 92 out[s.extract(0, 99, out)]=0; 93 printf("%s%s {", announce, out); 94 95 // output the code units (not code points) 96 length=s.length(); 97 for(i=0; i<length; ++i) { 98 printf(" %04x", s.charAt(i)); 99 } 100 printf(" }\n"); 101} 102 103// sample code for utf.h macros -------------------------------------------- *** 104 105static void 106demo_utf_h_macros() { 107 static UChar input[]={ 0x0061, 0xd800, 0xdc00, 0xdbff, 0xdfff, 0x0062 }; 108 UChar32 c; 109 int32_t i; 110 UBool isError; 111 112 printf("\n* demo_utf_h_macros() -------------- ***\n\n"); 113 114 printUString("iterate forward through: ", input, UPRV_LENGTHOF(input)); 115 for(i=0; i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(input); /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 116 /* Iterating forwards 117 Codepoint at offset 0: U+0061 118 Codepoint at offset 1: U+10000 119 Codepoint at offset 3: U+10ffff 120 Codepoint at offset 5: U+0062 121 */ 122 printf("Codepoint at offset %d: U+", i); 123 U16_NEXT(input, i, UPRV_LENGTHOF(input), c); 124 printf("%04x\n", c); 125 } 126 127 puts(""); 128 129 isError=FALSE; 130 i=1; /* write position, gets post-incremented so needs to be in an l-value */ 131 U16_APPEND(input, i, UPRV_LENGTHOF(input), 0x0062, isError); 132 133 printUString("iterate backward through: ", input, UPRV_LENGTHOF(input)); 134 for(i=UPRV_LENGTHOF(input); i>0; /* U16_PREV pre-decrements */) { 135 U16_PREV(input, 0, i, c); 136 /* Iterating backwards 137 Codepoint at offset 5: U+0062 138 Codepoint at offset 3: U+10ffff 139 Codepoint at offset 2: U+dc00 -- unpaired surrogate because lead surr. overwritten 140 Codepoint at offset 1: U+0062 -- by this BMP code point 141 Codepoint at offset 0: U+0061 142 */ 143 printf("Codepoint at offset %d: U+%04x\n", i, c); 144 } 145} 146 147// sample code for Unicode strings in C ------------------------------------ *** 148 149static void demo_C_Unicode_strings() { 150 printf("\n* demo_C_Unicode_strings() --------- ***\n\n"); 151 152 static const UChar text[]={ 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0 }; /* "ABC" */ 153 static const UChar appendText[]={ 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0 }; /* "abc" */ 154 static const UChar cmpText[]={ 0x61, 0x53, 0x73, 0x43, 0 }; /* "aSsC" */ 155 UChar buffer[32]; 156 int32_t compare; 157 int32_t length=u_strlen(text); /* length=3 */ 158 159 /* simple ANSI C-style functions */ 160 buffer[0]=0; /* empty, NUL-terminated string */ 161 u_strncat(buffer, text, 1); /* append just n=1 character ('A') */ 162 u_strcat(buffer, appendText); /* buffer=="Aabc" */ 163 length=u_strlen(buffer); /* length=4 */ 164 printUString("should be \"Aabc\": ", buffer, -1); 165 166 /* bitwise comparing buffer with text */ 167 compare=u_strcmp(buffer, text); 168 if(compare<=0) { 169 printf("String comparison error, expected \"Aabc\" > \"ABC\"\n"); 170 } 171 172 /* Build "A<sharp s>C" in the buffer... */ 173 u_strcpy(buffer, text); 174 buffer[1]=0xdf; /* sharp s, case-compares equal to "ss" */ 175 printUString("should be \"A<sharp s>C\": ", buffer, -1); 176 177 /* Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding */ 178 compare=u_strcasecmp(buffer, cmpText, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT); 179 if(compare!=0) { 180 printf("String case insensitive comparison error, expected \"AbC\" to be equal to \"ABC\"\n"); 181 } 182} 183 184// sample code for case mappings with C APIs -------------------------------- *** 185 186static void demoCaseMapInC() { 187 /* 188 * input= 189 * "aB<capital sigma>" 190 * "iI<small dotless i><capital dotted I> " 191 * "<sharp s> <small lig. ffi>" 192 * "<small final sigma><small sigma><capital sigma>" 193 */ 194 static const UChar input[]={ 195 0x61, 0x42, 0x3a3, 196 0x69, 0x49, 0x131, 0x130, 0x20, 197 0xdf, 0x20, 0xfb03, 198 0x3c2, 0x3c3, 0x3a3, 0 199 }; 200 UChar buffer[32]; 201 202 UErrorCode errorCode; 203 UChar32 c; 204 int32_t i, j, length; 205 UBool isError; 206 207 printf("\n* demoCaseMapInC() ----------------- ***\n\n"); 208 209 /* 210 * First, use simple case mapping functions which provide 211 * 1:1 code point mappings without context/locale ID. 212 * 213 * Note that some mappings will not be "right" because some "real" 214 * case mappings require context, depend on the locale ID, 215 * and/or result in a change in the number of code points. 216 */ 217 printUString("input string: ", input, -1); 218 219 /* uppercase */ 220 isError=FALSE; 221 for(i=j=0; j<UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 222 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 223 if(c==0) { 224 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 225 } 226 c=u_toupper(c); 227 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 228 } 229 printUString("simple-uppercased: ", buffer, j); 230 /* lowercase */ 231 isError=FALSE; 232 for(i=j=0; j<UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 233 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 234 if(c==0) { 235 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 236 } 237 c=u_tolower(c); 238 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 239 } 240 printUString("simple-lowercased: ", buffer, j); 241 /* titlecase */ 242 isError=FALSE; 243 for(i=j=0; j<UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 244 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 245 if(c==0) { 246 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 247 } 248 c=u_totitle(c); 249 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 250 } 251 printUString("simple-titlecased: ", buffer, j); 252 /* case-fold/default */ 253 isError=FALSE; 254 for(i=j=0; j<UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 255 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 256 if(c==0) { 257 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 258 } 259 c=u_foldCase(c, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT); 260 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 261 } 262 printUString("simple-case-folded/default: ", buffer, j); 263 /* case-fold/Turkic */ 264 isError=FALSE; 265 for(i=j=0; j<UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer) && !isError; /* U16_NEXT post-increments */) { 266 U16_NEXT(input, i, INT32_MAX, c); /* without length because NUL-terminated */ 267 if(c==0) { 268 break; /* stop at terminating NUL, no need to terminate buffer */ 269 } 270 c=u_foldCase(c, U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I); 271 U16_APPEND(buffer, j, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), c, isError); 272 } 273 printUString("simple-case-folded/Turkic: ", buffer, j); 274 275 /* 276 * Second, use full case mapping functions which provide 277 * 1:n code point mappings (n can be 0!) and are sensitive to context and locale ID. 278 * 279 * Note that lower/upper/titlecasing take a locale ID while case-folding 280 * has bit flag options instead, by design of the Unicode SpecialCasing.txt UCD file. 281 * 282 * Also, string titlecasing requires a BreakIterator to find starts of words. 283 * The sample code here passes in a NULL pointer; u_strToTitle() will open and close a default 284 * titlecasing BreakIterator automatically. 285 * For production code where many strings are titlecased it would be more efficient 286 * to open a BreakIterator externally and pass it in. 287 */ 288 printUString("\ninput string: ", input, -1); 289 290 /* lowercase/English */ 291 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 292 length=u_strToLower(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "en", &errorCode); 293 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 294 printUString("full-lowercased/en: ", buffer, length); 295 } else { 296 printf("error in u_strToLower(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 297 } 298 /* lowercase/Turkish */ 299 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 300 length=u_strToLower(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "tr", &errorCode); 301 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 302 printUString("full-lowercased/tr: ", buffer, length); 303 } else { 304 printf("error in u_strToLower(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 305 } 306 /* uppercase/English */ 307 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 308 length=u_strToUpper(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "en", &errorCode); 309 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 310 printUString("full-uppercased/en: ", buffer, length); 311 } else { 312 printf("error in u_strToUpper(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 313 } 314 /* uppercase/Turkish */ 315 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 316 length=u_strToUpper(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, "tr", &errorCode); 317 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 318 printUString("full-uppercased/tr: ", buffer, length); 319 } else { 320 printf("error in u_strToUpper(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 321 } 322 /* titlecase/English */ 323 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 324 length=u_strToTitle(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, NULL, "en", &errorCode); 325 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 326 printUString("full-titlecased/en: ", buffer, length); 327 } else { 328 printf("error in u_strToTitle(en)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 329 } 330 /* titlecase/Turkish */ 331 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 332 length=u_strToTitle(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, NULL, "tr", &errorCode); 333 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 334 printUString("full-titlecased/tr: ", buffer, length); 335 } else { 336 printf("error in u_strToTitle(tr)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 337 } 338 /* case-fold/default */ 339 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 340 length=u_strFoldCase(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT, &errorCode); 341 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 342 printUString("full-case-folded/default: ", buffer, length); 343 } else { 344 printf("error in u_strFoldCase(default)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 345 } 346 /* case-fold/Turkic */ 347 errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 348 length=u_strFoldCase(buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer), input, -1, U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I, &errorCode); 349 if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) { 350 printUString("full-case-folded/Turkic: ", buffer, length); 351 } else { 352 printf("error in u_strFoldCase(Turkic)=%ld error=%s\n", length, u_errorName(errorCode)); 353 } 354} 355 356// sample code for case mappings with C++ APIs ------------------------------ *** 357 358static void demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus() { 359 /* 360 * input= 361 * "aB<capital sigma>" 362 * "iI<small dotless i><capital dotted I> " 363 * "<sharp s> <small lig. ffi>" 364 * "<small final sigma><small sigma><capital sigma>" 365 */ 366 static const UChar input[]={ 367 0x61, 0x42, 0x3a3, 368 0x69, 0x49, 0x131, 0x130, 0x20, 369 0xdf, 0x20, 0xfb03, 370 0x3c2, 0x3c3, 0x3a3, 0 371 }; 372 373 printf("\n* demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus() --------- ***\n\n"); 374 375 UnicodeString s(input), t; 376 const Locale &en=Locale::getEnglish(); 377 Locale tr("tr"); 378 379 /* 380 * Full case mappings as in demoCaseMapInC(), using UnicodeString functions. 381 * These functions modify the string object itself. 382 * Since we want to keep the input string around, we copy it each time 383 * and case-map the copy. 384 */ 385 printUnicodeString("input string: ", s); 386 387 /* lowercase/English */ 388 printUnicodeString("full-lowercased/en: ", (t=s).toLower(en)); 389 /* lowercase/Turkish */ 390 printUnicodeString("full-lowercased/tr: ", (t=s).toLower(tr)); 391 /* uppercase/English */ 392 printUnicodeString("full-uppercased/en: ", (t=s).toUpper(en)); 393 /* uppercase/Turkish */ 394 printUnicodeString("full-uppercased/tr: ", (t=s).toUpper(tr)); 395 /* titlecase/English */ 396 printUnicodeString("full-titlecased/en: ", (t=s).toTitle(NULL, en)); 397 /* titlecase/Turkish */ 398 printUnicodeString("full-titlecased/tr: ", (t=s).toTitle(NULL, tr)); 399 /* case-folde/default */ 400 printUnicodeString("full-case-folded/default: ", (t=s).foldCase(U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)); 401 /* case-folde/Turkic */ 402 printUnicodeString("full-case-folded/Turkic: ", (t=s).foldCase(U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I)); 403} 404 405// sample code for UnicodeString storage models ----------------------------- *** 406 407static const UChar readonly[]={ 408 0x61, 0x31, 0x20ac 409}; 410static UChar writeable[]={ 411 0x62, 0x32, 0xdbc0, 0xdc01 // includes a surrogate pair for a supplementary code point 412}; 413static char out[100]; 414 415static void 416demoUnicodeStringStorage() { 417 // These sample code lines illustrate how to use UnicodeString, and the 418 // comments tell what happens internally. There are no APIs to observe 419 // most of this programmatically, except for stepping into the code 420 // with a debugger. 421 // This is by design to hide such details from the user. 422 int32_t i; 423 424 printf("\n* demoUnicodeStringStorage() ------- ***\n\n"); 425 426 // * UnicodeString with internally stored contents 427 // instantiate a UnicodeString from a single code point 428 // the few (2) UChars will be stored in the object itself 429 UnicodeString one((UChar32)0x24001); 430 // this copies the few UChars into the "two" object 431 UnicodeString two=one; 432 printf("length of short string copy: %d\n", two.length()); 433 // set "one" to contain the 3 UChars from readonly 434 // this setTo() variant copies the characters 435 one.setTo(readonly, UPRV_LENGTHOF(readonly)); 436 437 // * UnicodeString with allocated contents 438 // build a longer string that will not fit into the object's buffer 439 one+=UnicodeString(writeable, UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable)); 440 one+=one; 441 one+=one; 442 printf("length of longer string: %d\n", one.length()); 443 // copying will use the same allocated buffer and increment the reference 444 // counter 445 two=one; 446 printf("length of longer string copy: %d\n", two.length()); 447 448 // * UnicodeString using readonly-alias to a const UChar array 449 // construct a string that aliases a readonly buffer 450 UnicodeString three(FALSE, readonly, UPRV_LENGTHOF(readonly)); 451 printUnicodeString("readonly-alias string: ", three); 452 // copy-on-write: any modification to the string results in 453 // a copy to either the internal buffer or to a newly allocated one 454 three.setCharAt(1, 0x39); 455 printUnicodeString("readonly-aliasing string after modification: ", three); 456 // the aliased array is not modified 457 for(i=0; i<three.length(); ++i) { 458 printf("readonly buffer[%d] after modifying its string: 0x%lx\n", 459 i, readonly[i]); 460 } 461 // setTo() readonly alias 462 one.setTo(FALSE, writeable, UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable)); 463 // copying the readonly-alias object with fastCopyFrom() (new in ICU 2.4) 464 // will readonly-alias the same buffer 465 two.fastCopyFrom(one); 466 printUnicodeString("fastCopyFrom(readonly alias of \"writeable\" array): ", two); 467 printf("verify that a fastCopyFrom(readonly alias) uses the same buffer pointer: %d (should be 1)\n", 468 one.getBuffer()==two.getBuffer()); 469 // a normal assignment will clone the contents (new in ICU 2.4) 470 two=one; 471 printf("verify that a regular copy of a readonly alias uses a different buffer pointer: %d (should be 0)\n", 472 one.getBuffer()==two.getBuffer()); 473 474 // * UnicodeString using writeable-alias to a non-const UChar array 475 UnicodeString four(writeable, UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable), UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable)); 476 printUnicodeString("writeable-alias string: ", four); 477 // a modification writes through to the buffer 478 four.setCharAt(1, 0x39); 479 for(i=0; i<four.length(); ++i) { 480 printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx " 481 "after modification\n", i, writeable[i]); 482 } 483 // a copy will not alias any more; 484 // instead, it will get a copy of the contents into allocated memory 485 two=four; 486 two.setCharAt(1, 0x21); 487 for(i=0; i<two.length(); ++i) { 488 printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx after " 489 "modification of string copy\n", i, writeable[i]); 490 } 491 // setTo() writeable alias, capacity==length 492 one.setTo(writeable, UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable), UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable)); 493 // grow the string - it will not fit into the backing buffer any more 494 // and will get copied before modification 495 one.append((UChar)0x40); 496 // shrink it back so it would fit 497 one.truncate(one.length()-1); 498 // we still operate on the copy 499 one.setCharAt(1, 0x25); 500 printf("string after growing too much and then shrinking[1]=0x%lx\n" 501 " backing store for this[1]=0x%lx\n", 502 one.charAt(1), writeable[1]); 503 // if we need it in the original buffer, then extract() to it 504 // extract() does not do anything if the string aliases that same buffer 505 // i=min(one.length(), length of array) 506 if(one.length()<UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable)) { 507 i=one.length(); 508 } else { 509 i=UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable); 510 } 511 one.extract(0, i, writeable); 512 for(i=0; i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(writeable); ++i) { 513 printf("writeable-alias backing buffer[%d]=0x%lx after re-extract\n", 514 i, writeable[i]); 515 } 516} 517 518// sample code for UnicodeString instantiations ----------------------------- *** 519 520static void 521demoUnicodeStringInit() { 522 // *** Make sure to read about invariant characters in utypes.h! *** 523 // Initialization of Unicode strings from C literals works _only_ for 524 // invariant characters! 525 526 printf("\n* demoUnicodeStringInit() ---------- ***\n\n"); 527 528 // the string literal is 32 chars long - this must be counted for the macro 529 UnicodeString invariantOnly=UNICODE_STRING("such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32); 530 531 /* 532 * In C, we need two macros: one to declare the UChar[] array, and 533 * one to populate it; the second one is a noop on platforms where 534 * wchar_t is compatible with UChar and ASCII-based. 535 * The length of the string literal must be counted for both macros. 536 */ 537 /* declare the invString array for the string */ 538 U_STRING_DECL(invString, "such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32); 539 /* populate it with the characters */ 540 U_STRING_INIT(invString, "such characters are safe 123 %-.", 32); 541 542 // compare the C and C++ strings 543 printf("C and C++ Unicode strings are equal: %d\n", invariantOnly==UnicodeString(TRUE, invString, 32)); 544 545 /* 546 * convert between char * and UChar * strings that 547 * contain only invariant characters 548 */ 549 static const char *cs1="such characters are safe 123 %-."; 550 static UChar us1[40]; 551 static char cs2[40]; 552 u_charsToUChars(cs1, us1, 33); /* include the terminating NUL */ 553 u_UCharsToChars(us1, cs2, 33); 554 printf("char * -> UChar * -> char * with only " 555 "invariant characters: \"%s\"\n", 556 cs2); 557 558 // initialize a UnicodeString from a string literal that contains 559 // escape sequences written with invariant characters 560 // do not forget to duplicate the backslashes for ICU to see them 561 // then, count each double backslash only once! 562 UnicodeString german=UNICODE_STRING( 563 "Sch\\u00f6nes Auto: \\u20ac 11240.\\fPrivates Zeichen: \\U00102345\\n", 64). 564 unescape(); 565 printUnicodeString("german UnicodeString from unescaping:\n ", german); 566 567 /* 568 * C: convert and unescape a char * string with only invariant 569 * characters to fill a UChar * string 570 */ 571 UChar buffer[200]; 572 int32_t length; 573 length=u_unescape( 574 "Sch\\u00f6nes Auto: \\u20ac 11240.\\fPrivates Zeichen: \\U00102345\\n", 575 buffer, UPRV_LENGTHOF(buffer)); 576 printf("german C Unicode string from char * unescaping: (length %d)\n ", length); 577 printUnicodeString("", UnicodeString(buffer)); 578} 579 580extern int 581main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { 582 UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR; 583 584 // Note: Using a global variable for any object is not exactly thread-safe... 585 586 // You can change this call to e.g. ucnv_open("UTF-8", &errorCode) if you pipe 587 // the output to a file and look at it with a Unicode-capable editor. 588 // This will currently affect only the printUString() function, see the code above. 589 // printUnicodeString() could use this, too, by changing to an extract() overload 590 // that takes a UConverter argument. 591 cnv=ucnv_open(NULL, &errorCode); 592 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { 593 fprintf(stderr, "error %s opening the default converter\n", u_errorName(errorCode)); 594 return errorCode; 595 } 596 597 ucnv_setFromUCallBack(cnv, UCNV_FROM_U_CALLBACK_ESCAPE, UCNV_ESCAPE_C, NULL, NULL, &errorCode); 598 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { 599 fprintf(stderr, "error %s setting the escape callback in the default converter\n", u_errorName(errorCode)); 600 ucnv_close(cnv); 601 return errorCode; 602 } 603 604 demo_utf_h_macros(); 605 demo_C_Unicode_strings(); 606 demoCaseMapInC(); 607 demoCaseMapInCPlusPlus(); 608 demoUnicodeStringStorage(); 609 demoUnicodeStringInit(); 610 611 ucnv_close(cnv); 612 return 0; 613} 614