1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define LOG_TAG "dumpstate"
18
19#include "dumpstate.h"
20
21#include <dirent.h>
22#include <fcntl.h>
23#include <libgen.h>
24#include <math.h>
25#include <poll.h>
26#include <signal.h>
27#include <stdarg.h>
28#include <stdio.h>
29#include <stdlib.h>
30#include <string.h>
31#include <sys/capability.h>
32#include <sys/inotify.h>
33#include <sys/klog.h>
34#include <sys/prctl.h>
35#include <sys/stat.h>
36#include <sys/time.h>
37#include <sys/wait.h>
38#include <time.h>
39#include <unistd.h>
40
41#include <memory>
42#include <set>
43#include <string>
44#include <vector>
45
46#include <android-base/file.h>
47#include <android-base/properties.h>
48#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
49#include <android-base/strings.h>
50#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
51#include <android/hidl/manager/1.0/IServiceManager.h>
52#include <cutils/properties.h>
53#include <cutils/sockets.h>
54#include <debuggerd/client.h>
55#include <log/log.h>
56#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
57
58#include "DumpstateInternal.h"
59
60// TODO: remove once moved to namespace
61using android::os::dumpstate::CommandOptions;
62using android::os::dumpstate::DumpFileToFd;
63using android::os::dumpstate::PropertiesHelper;
64
65// Keep in sync with
66// frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
67static const int TRACE_DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS = 10000; // 10 seconds
68
69/* Most simple commands have 10 as timeout, so 5 is a good estimate */
70static const int32_t WEIGHT_FILE = 5;
71
72// TODO: temporary variables and functions used during C++ refactoring
73static Dumpstate& ds = Dumpstate::GetInstance();
74static int RunCommand(const std::string& title, const std::vector<std::string>& full_command,
75                      const CommandOptions& options = CommandOptions::DEFAULT) {
76    return ds.RunCommand(title, full_command, options);
77}
78
79/* list of native processes to include in the native dumps */
80// This matches the /proc/pid/exe link instead of /proc/pid/cmdline.
81static const char* native_processes_to_dump[] = {
82        "/system/bin/audioserver",
83        "/system/bin/cameraserver",
84        "/system/bin/drmserver",
85        "/system/bin/mediadrmserver",
86        "/system/bin/mediaextractor", // media.extractor
87        "/system/bin/mediaserver",
88        "/system/bin/sdcard",
89        "/system/bin/surfaceflinger",
90        "/system/bin/vehicle_network_service",
91        "/vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.media.omx@1.0-service", // media.codec
92        NULL,
93};
94
95/* list of hal interface to dump containing process during native dumps */
96static const char* hal_interfaces_to_dump[] {
97        "android.hardware.audio@2.0::IDevicesFactory",
98        "android.hardware.bluetooth@1.0::IBluetoothHci",
99        "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4::ICameraProvider",
100        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1::IComposer",
101        "android.hardware.media.omx@1.0::IOmx",
102        "android.hardware.sensors@1.0::ISensors",
103        "android.hardware.vr@1.0::IVr",
104        NULL,
105};
106
107// Reasonable value for max stats.
108static const int STATS_MAX_N_RUNS = 1000;
109static const long STATS_MAX_AVERAGE = 100000;
110
111CommandOptions Dumpstate::DEFAULT_DUMPSYS = CommandOptions::WithTimeout(30).Build();
112
113Dumpstate::Dumpstate(const std::string& version)
114    : pid_(getpid()), version_(version), now_(time(nullptr)) {
115}
116
117Dumpstate& Dumpstate::GetInstance() {
118    static Dumpstate singleton_(android::base::GetProperty("dumpstate.version", VERSION_CURRENT));
119    return singleton_;
120}
121
122DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const std::string& title, bool log_only)
123    : title_(title), log_only_(log_only) {
124    if (!title_.empty()) {
125        started_ = Nanotime();
126    }
127}
128
129DurationReporter::~DurationReporter() {
130    if (!title_.empty()) {
131        uint64_t elapsed = Nanotime() - started_;
132        if (log_only_) {
133            MYLOGD("Duration of '%s': %.3fs\n", title_.c_str(), (float)elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
134        } else {
135            // Use "Yoda grammar" to make it easier to grep|sort sections.
136            printf("------ %.3fs was the duration of '%s' ------\n", (float)elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC,
137                   title_.c_str());
138        }
139    }
140}
141
142const int32_t Progress::kDefaultMax = 5000;
143
144Progress::Progress(const std::string& path) : Progress(Progress::kDefaultMax, 1.1, path) {
145}
146
147Progress::Progress(int32_t initial_max, int32_t progress, float growth_factor)
148    : Progress(initial_max, growth_factor, "") {
149    progress_ = progress;
150}
151
152Progress::Progress(int32_t initial_max, float growth_factor, const std::string& path)
153    : initial_max_(initial_max),
154      progress_(0),
155      max_(initial_max),
156      growth_factor_(growth_factor),
157      n_runs_(0),
158      average_max_(0),
159      path_(path) {
160    if (!path_.empty()) {
161        Load();
162    }
163}
164
165void Progress::Load() {
166    MYLOGD("Loading stats from %s\n", path_.c_str());
167    std::string content;
168    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(path_, &content)) {
169        MYLOGI("Could not read stats from %s; using max of %d\n", path_.c_str(), max_);
170        return;
171    }
172    if (content.empty()) {
173        MYLOGE("No stats (empty file) on %s; using max of %d\n", path_.c_str(), max_);
174        return;
175    }
176    std::vector<std::string> lines = android::base::Split(content, "\n");
177
178    if (lines.size() < 1) {
179        MYLOGE("Invalid stats on file %s: not enough lines (%d). Using max of %d\n", path_.c_str(),
180               (int)lines.size(), max_);
181        return;
182    }
183    char* ptr;
184    n_runs_ = strtol(lines[0].c_str(), &ptr, 10);
185    average_max_ = strtol(ptr, nullptr, 10);
186    if (n_runs_ <= 0 || average_max_ <= 0 || n_runs_ > STATS_MAX_N_RUNS ||
187        average_max_ > STATS_MAX_AVERAGE) {
188        MYLOGE("Invalid stats line on file %s: %s\n", path_.c_str(), lines[0].c_str());
189        initial_max_ = Progress::kDefaultMax;
190    } else {
191        initial_max_ = average_max_;
192    }
193    max_ = initial_max_;
194
195    MYLOGI("Average max progress: %d in %d runs; estimated max: %d\n", average_max_, n_runs_, max_);
196}
197
198void Progress::Save() {
199    int32_t total = n_runs_ * average_max_ + progress_;
200    int32_t runs = n_runs_ + 1;
201    int32_t average = floor(((float)total) / runs);
202    MYLOGI("Saving stats (total=%d, runs=%d, average=%d) on %s\n", total, runs, average,
203           path_.c_str());
204    if (path_.empty()) {
205        return;
206    }
207
208    std::string content = android::base::StringPrintf("%d %d\n", runs, average);
209    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(content, path_)) {
210        MYLOGE("Could not save stats on %s\n", path_.c_str());
211    }
212}
213
214int32_t Progress::Get() const {
215    return progress_;
216}
217
218bool Progress::Inc(int32_t delta) {
219    bool changed = false;
220    if (delta >= 0) {
221        progress_ += delta;
222        if (progress_ > max_) {
223            int32_t old_max = max_;
224            max_ = floor((float)progress_ * growth_factor_);
225            MYLOGD("Adjusting max progress from %d to %d\n", old_max, max_);
226            changed = true;
227        }
228    }
229    return changed;
230}
231
232int32_t Progress::GetMax() const {
233    return max_;
234}
235
236int32_t Progress::GetInitialMax() const {
237    return initial_max_;
238}
239
240void Progress::Dump(int fd, const std::string& prefix) const {
241    const char* pr = prefix.c_str();
242    dprintf(fd, "%sprogress: %d\n", pr, progress_);
243    dprintf(fd, "%smax: %d\n", pr, max_);
244    dprintf(fd, "%sinitial_max: %d\n", pr, initial_max_);
245    dprintf(fd, "%sgrowth_factor: %0.2f\n", pr, growth_factor_);
246    dprintf(fd, "%spath: %s\n", pr, path_.c_str());
247    dprintf(fd, "%sn_runs: %d\n", pr, n_runs_);
248    dprintf(fd, "%saverage_max: %d\n", pr, average_max_);
249}
250
251bool Dumpstate::IsZipping() const {
252    return zip_writer_ != nullptr;
253}
254
255std::string Dumpstate::GetPath(const std::string& suffix) const {
256    return android::base::StringPrintf("%s/%s-%s%s", bugreport_dir_.c_str(), base_name_.c_str(),
257                                       name_.c_str(), suffix.c_str());
258}
259
260void Dumpstate::SetProgress(std::unique_ptr<Progress> progress) {
261    progress_ = std::move(progress);
262}
263
264void for_each_userid(void (*func)(int), const char *header) {
265    std::string title = header == nullptr ? "for_each_userid" : android::base::StringPrintf(
266                                                                    "for_each_userid(%s)", header);
267    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
268    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
269
270    DIR *d;
271    struct dirent *de;
272
273    if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
274    func(0);
275
276    if (!(d = opendir("/data/system/users"))) {
277        printf("Failed to open /data/system/users (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
278        return;
279    }
280
281    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
282        int userid;
283        if (de->d_type != DT_DIR || !(userid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
284            continue;
285        }
286        func(userid);
287    }
288
289    closedir(d);
290}
291
292static void __for_each_pid(void (*helper)(int, const char *, void *), const char *header, void *arg) {
293    DIR *d;
294    struct dirent *de;
295
296    if (!(d = opendir("/proc"))) {
297        printf("Failed to open /proc (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
298        return;
299    }
300
301    if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
302    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
303        int pid;
304        int fd;
305        char cmdpath[255];
306        char cmdline[255];
307
308        if (!(pid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
309            continue;
310        }
311
312        memset(cmdline, 0, sizeof(cmdline));
313
314        snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
315        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
316            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline) - 2));
317            close(fd);
318            if (cmdline[0]) {
319                helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
320                continue;
321            }
322        }
323
324        // if no cmdline, a kernel thread has comm
325        snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/comm", pid);
326        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
327            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline + 1, sizeof(cmdline) - 4));
328            close(fd);
329            if (cmdline[1]) {
330                cmdline[0] = '[';
331                size_t len = strcspn(cmdline, "\f\b\r\n");
332                cmdline[len] = ']';
333                cmdline[len+1] = '\0';
334            }
335        }
336        if (!cmdline[0]) {
337            strcpy(cmdline, "N/A");
338        }
339        helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
340    }
341
342    closedir(d);
343}
344
345static void for_each_pid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
346    for_each_pid_func *func = (for_each_pid_func*) arg;
347    func(pid, cmdline);
348}
349
350void for_each_pid(for_each_pid_func func, const char *header) {
351    std::string title = header == nullptr ? "for_each_pid"
352                                          : android::base::StringPrintf("for_each_pid(%s)", header);
353    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
354    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
355
356    __for_each_pid(for_each_pid_helper, header, (void *) func);
357}
358
359static void for_each_tid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
360    DIR *d;
361    struct dirent *de;
362    char taskpath[255];
363    for_each_tid_func *func = (for_each_tid_func *) arg;
364
365    snprintf(taskpath, sizeof(taskpath), "/proc/%d/task", pid);
366
367    if (!(d = opendir(taskpath))) {
368        printf("Failed to open %s (%s)\n", taskpath, strerror(errno));
369        return;
370    }
371
372    func(pid, pid, cmdline);
373
374    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
375        int tid;
376        int fd;
377        char commpath[255];
378        char comm[255];
379
380        if (!(tid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
381            continue;
382        }
383
384        if (tid == pid)
385            continue;
386
387        snprintf(commpath, sizeof(commpath), "/proc/%d/comm", tid);
388        memset(comm, 0, sizeof(comm));
389        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(commpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
390            strcpy(comm, "N/A");
391        } else {
392            char *c;
393            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, comm, sizeof(comm) - 2));
394            close(fd);
395
396            c = strrchr(comm, '\n');
397            if (c) {
398                *c = '\0';
399            }
400        }
401        func(pid, tid, comm);
402    }
403
404    closedir(d);
405}
406
407void for_each_tid(for_each_tid_func func, const char *header) {
408    std::string title = header == nullptr ? "for_each_tid"
409                                          : android::base::StringPrintf("for_each_tid(%s)", header);
410    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
411
412    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
413
414    __for_each_pid(for_each_tid_helper, header, (void *) func);
415}
416
417void show_wchan(int pid, int tid, const char *name) {
418    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
419
420    char path[255];
421    char buffer[255];
422    int fd, ret, save_errno;
423    char name_buffer[255];
424
425    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
426
427    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/wchan", tid);
428    if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
429        printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
430        return;
431    }
432
433    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
434    save_errno = errno;
435    close(fd);
436
437    if (ret < 0) {
438        printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
439        return;
440    }
441
442    snprintf(name_buffer, sizeof(name_buffer), "%*s%s",
443             pid == tid ? 0 : 3, "", name);
444
445    printf("%-7d %-32s %s\n", tid, name_buffer, buffer);
446
447    return;
448}
449
450// print time in centiseconds
451static void snprcent(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc,
452                     unsigned long long time) {
453    static long hz; // cache discovered hz
454
455    if (hz <= 0) {
456        hz = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
457        if (hz <= 0) {
458            hz = 1000;
459        }
460    }
461
462    // convert to centiseconds
463    time = (time * 100 + (hz / 2)) / hz;
464
465    char str[16];
466
467    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %llu.%02u",
468             time / 100, (unsigned)(time % 100));
469    size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
470    snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
471             "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
472}
473
474// print permille as a percent
475static void snprdec(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc, unsigned permille) {
476    char str[16];
477
478    snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %u.%u%%", permille / 10, permille % 10);
479    size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
480    snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
481             "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
482}
483
484void show_showtime(int pid, const char *name) {
485    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
486
487    char path[255];
488    char buffer[1023];
489    int fd, ret, save_errno;
490
491    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
492
493    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/stat", pid);
494    if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
495        printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
496        return;
497    }
498
499    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
500    save_errno = errno;
501    close(fd);
502
503    if (ret < 0) {
504        printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
505        return;
506    }
507
508    // field 14 is utime
509    // field 15 is stime
510    // field 42 is iotime
511    unsigned long long utime = 0, stime = 0, iotime = 0;
512    if (sscanf(buffer,
513               "%*u %*s %*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
514               "%*d %*d %llu %llu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
515               "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
516               "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %llu ",
517               &utime, &stime, &iotime) != 3) {
518        return;
519    }
520
521    unsigned long long total = utime + stime;
522    if (!total) {
523        return;
524    }
525
526    unsigned permille = (iotime * 1000 + (total / 2)) / total;
527    if (permille > 1000) {
528        permille = 1000;
529    }
530
531    // try to beautify and stabilize columns at <80 characters
532    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%-6d%s", pid, name);
533    if ((name[0] != '[') || utime) {
534        snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 57, utime);
535    }
536    snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 65, stime);
537    if ((name[0] != '[') || iotime) {
538        snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 73, iotime);
539    }
540    if (iotime) {
541        snprdec(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 79, permille);
542    }
543    puts(buffer);  // adds a trailing newline
544
545    return;
546}
547
548void do_dmesg() {
549    const char *title = "KERNEL LOG (dmesg)";
550    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
551    printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
552
553    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
554
555    /* Get size of kernel buffer */
556    int size = klogctl(KLOG_SIZE_BUFFER, NULL, 0);
557    if (size <= 0) {
558        printf("Unexpected klogctl return value: %d\n\n", size);
559        return;
560    }
561    char *buf = (char *) malloc(size + 1);
562    if (buf == NULL) {
563        printf("memory allocation failed\n\n");
564        return;
565    }
566    int retval = klogctl(KLOG_READ_ALL, buf, size);
567    if (retval < 0) {
568        printf("klogctl failure\n\n");
569        free(buf);
570        return;
571    }
572    buf[retval] = '\0';
573    printf("%s\n\n", buf);
574    free(buf);
575    return;
576}
577
578void do_showmap(int pid, const char *name) {
579    char title[255];
580    char arg[255];
581
582    snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "SHOW MAP %d (%s)", pid, name);
583    snprintf(arg, sizeof(arg), "%d", pid);
584    RunCommand(title, {"showmap", "-q", arg}, CommandOptions::AS_ROOT);
585}
586
587int Dumpstate::DumpFile(const std::string& title, const std::string& path) {
588    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
589
590    int status = DumpFileToFd(STDOUT_FILENO, title, path);
591
592    UpdateProgress(WEIGHT_FILE);
593
594    return status;
595}
596
597int read_file_as_long(const char *path, long int *output) {
598    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
599    if (fd < 0) {
600        int err = errno;
601        MYLOGE("Error opening file descriptor for %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
602        return -1;
603    }
604    char buffer[50];
605    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
606    if (bytes_read == -1) {
607        MYLOGE("Error reading file %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
608        return -2;
609    }
610    if (bytes_read == 0) {
611        MYLOGE("File %s is empty\n", path);
612        return -3;
613    }
614    *output = atoi(buffer);
615    return 0;
616}
617
618/* calls skip to gate calling dump_from_fd recursively
619 * in the specified directory. dump_from_fd defaults to
620 * dump_file_from_fd above when set to NULL. skip defaults
621 * to false when set to NULL. dump_from_fd will always be
622 * called with title NULL.
623 */
624int dump_files(const std::string& title, const char* dir, bool (*skip)(const char* path),
625               int (*dump_from_fd)(const char* title, const char* path, int fd)) {
626    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
627    DIR *dirp;
628    struct dirent *d;
629    char *newpath = NULL;
630    const char *slash = "/";
631    int fd, retval = 0;
632
633    if (!title.empty()) {
634        printf("------ %s (%s) ------\n", title.c_str(), dir);
635    }
636    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return 0;
637
638    if (dir[strlen(dir) - 1] == '/') {
639        ++slash;
640    }
641    dirp = opendir(dir);
642    if (dirp == NULL) {
643        retval = -errno;
644        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", dir, strerror(errno));
645        return retval;
646    }
647
648    if (!dump_from_fd) {
649        dump_from_fd = dump_file_from_fd;
650    }
651    for (; ((d = readdir(dirp))); free(newpath), newpath = NULL) {
652        if ((d->d_name[0] == '.')
653         && (((d->d_name[1] == '.') && (d->d_name[2] == '\0'))
654          || (d->d_name[1] == '\0'))) {
655            continue;
656        }
657        asprintf(&newpath, "%s%s%s%s", dir, slash, d->d_name,
658                 (d->d_type == DT_DIR) ? "/" : "");
659        if (!newpath) {
660            retval = -errno;
661            continue;
662        }
663        if (skip && (*skip)(newpath)) {
664            continue;
665        }
666        if (d->d_type == DT_DIR) {
667            int ret = dump_files("", newpath, skip, dump_from_fd);
668            if (ret < 0) {
669                retval = ret;
670            }
671            continue;
672        }
673        fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(newpath, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
674        if (fd < 0) {
675            retval = fd;
676            printf("*** %s: %s\n", newpath, strerror(errno));
677            continue;
678        }
679        (*dump_from_fd)(NULL, newpath, fd);
680    }
681    closedir(dirp);
682    if (!title.empty()) {
683        printf("\n");
684    }
685    return retval;
686}
687
688/* fd must have been opened with the flag O_NONBLOCK. With this flag set,
689 * it's possible to avoid issues where opening the file itself can get
690 * stuck.
691 */
692int dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
693    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return 0;
694
695    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
696    if (flags == -1) {
697        printf("*** %s: failed to get flags on fd %d: %s\n", path, fd, strerror(errno));
698        close(fd);
699        return -1;
700    } else if (!(flags & O_NONBLOCK)) {
701        printf("*** %s: fd must have O_NONBLOCK set.\n", path);
702        close(fd);
703        return -1;
704    }
705    return DumpFileFromFdToFd(title, path, fd, STDOUT_FILENO, PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun());
706}
707
708int Dumpstate::RunCommand(const std::string& title, const std::vector<std::string>& full_command,
709                          const CommandOptions& options) {
710    DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
711
712    int status = RunCommandToFd(STDOUT_FILENO, title, full_command, options);
713
714    /* TODO: for now we're simplifying the progress calculation by using the
715     * timeout as the weight. It's a good approximation for most cases, except when calling dumpsys,
716     * where its weight should be much higher proportionally to its timeout.
717     * Ideally, it should use a options.EstimatedDuration() instead...*/
718    UpdateProgress(options.Timeout());
719
720    return status;
721}
722
723void Dumpstate::RunDumpsys(const std::string& title, const std::vector<std::string>& dumpsys_args,
724                           const CommandOptions& options, long dumpsysTimeout) {
725    long timeout = dumpsysTimeout > 0 ? dumpsysTimeout : options.Timeout();
726    std::vector<std::string> dumpsys = {"/system/bin/dumpsys", "-t", std::to_string(timeout)};
727    dumpsys.insert(dumpsys.end(), dumpsys_args.begin(), dumpsys_args.end());
728    RunCommand(title, dumpsys, options);
729}
730
731int open_socket(const char *service) {
732    int s = android_get_control_socket(service);
733    if (s < 0) {
734        MYLOGE("android_get_control_socket(%s): %s\n", service, strerror(errno));
735        exit(1);
736    }
737    fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
738    if (listen(s, 4) < 0) {
739        MYLOGE("listen(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
740        exit(1);
741    }
742
743    struct sockaddr addr;
744    socklen_t alen = sizeof(addr);
745    int fd = accept(s, &addr, &alen);
746    if (fd < 0) {
747        MYLOGE("accept(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
748        exit(1);
749    }
750
751    return fd;
752}
753
754/* redirect output to a service control socket */
755void redirect_to_socket(FILE *redirect, const char *service) {
756    int fd = open_socket(service);
757    fflush(redirect);
758    dup2(fd, fileno(redirect));
759    close(fd);
760}
761
762// TODO: should call is_valid_output_file and/or be merged into it.
763void create_parent_dirs(const char *path) {
764    char *chp = const_cast<char *> (path);
765
766    /* skip initial slash */
767    if (chp[0] == '/')
768        chp++;
769
770    /* create leading directories, if necessary */
771    struct stat dir_stat;
772    while (chp && chp[0]) {
773        chp = strchr(chp, '/');
774        if (chp) {
775            *chp = 0;
776            if (stat(path, &dir_stat) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(dir_stat.st_mode)) {
777                MYLOGI("Creating directory %s\n", path);
778                if (mkdir(path, 0770)) { /* drwxrwx--- */
779                    MYLOGE("Unable to create directory %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
780                } else if (chown(path, AID_SHELL, AID_SHELL)) {
781                    MYLOGE("Unable to change ownership of dir %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
782                }
783            }
784            *chp++ = '/';
785        }
786    }
787}
788
789void _redirect_to_file(FILE *redirect, char *path, int truncate_flag) {
790    create_parent_dirs(path);
791
792    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path,
793                                     O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | truncate_flag | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
794                                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH));
795    if (fd < 0) {
796        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
797        exit(1);
798    }
799
800    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(fd, fileno(redirect)));
801    close(fd);
802}
803
804void redirect_to_file(FILE *redirect, char *path) {
805    _redirect_to_file(redirect, path, O_TRUNC);
806}
807
808void redirect_to_existing_file(FILE *redirect, char *path) {
809    _redirect_to_file(redirect, path, O_APPEND);
810}
811
812static bool should_dump_hal_interface(const char* interface) {
813    for (const char** i = hal_interfaces_to_dump; *i; i++) {
814        if (!strcmp(*i, interface)) {
815            return true;
816        }
817    }
818    return false;
819}
820
821static bool should_dump_native_traces(const char* path) {
822    for (const char** p = native_processes_to_dump; *p; p++) {
823        if (!strcmp(*p, path)) {
824            return true;
825        }
826    }
827    return false;
828}
829
830std::set<int> get_interesting_hal_pids() {
831    using android::hidl::manager::V1_0::IServiceManager;
832    using android::sp;
833    using android::hardware::Return;
834
835    sp<IServiceManager> manager = IServiceManager::getService();
836    std::set<int> pids;
837
838    Return<void> ret = manager->debugDump([&](auto& hals) {
839        for (const auto &info : hals) {
840            if (info.pid == static_cast<int>(IServiceManager::PidConstant::NO_PID)) {
841                continue;
842            }
843
844            if (!should_dump_hal_interface(info.interfaceName.c_str())) {
845                continue;
846            }
847
848            pids.insert(info.pid);
849        }
850    });
851
852    if (!ret.isOk()) {
853        MYLOGE("Could not get list of HAL PIDs: %s\n", ret.description().c_str());
854    }
855
856    return pids; // whether it was okay or not
857}
858
859const char* DumpTraces(const std::string& traces_path);
860const char* DumpTracesTombstoned(const std::string& traces_dir);
861
862/* dump Dalvik and native stack traces, return the trace file location (NULL if none) */
863const char *dump_traces() {
864    DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP TRACES");
865
866    const std::string traces_dir = android::base::GetProperty("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", "");
867    if (!traces_dir.empty()) {
868        return DumpTracesTombstoned(traces_dir);
869    }
870
871    const std::string traces_file = android::base::GetProperty("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", "");
872    if (!traces_file.empty()) {
873        return DumpTraces(traces_file);
874    }
875
876    return nullptr;
877}
878
879static bool IsZygote(int pid) {
880    static const std::string kZygotePrefix = "zygote";
881
882    std::string cmdline;
883    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/cmdline", pid),
884                                         &cmdline)) {
885        return true;
886    }
887
888    return (cmdline.find(kZygotePrefix) == 0);
889}
890
891const char* DumpTracesTombstoned(const std::string& traces_dir) {
892    const std::string temp_file_pattern = traces_dir + "/dumptrace_XXXXXX";
893
894    const size_t buf_size = temp_file_pattern.length() + 1;
895    std::unique_ptr<char[]> file_name_buf(new char[buf_size]);
896    memcpy(file_name_buf.get(), temp_file_pattern.c_str(), buf_size);
897
898    // Create a new, empty file to receive all trace dumps.
899    //
900    // TODO: This can be simplified once we remove support for the old style
901    // dumps. We can have a file descriptor passed in to dump_traces instead
902    // of creating a file, closing it and then reopening it again.
903    android::base::unique_fd fd(mkostemp(file_name_buf.get(), O_APPEND | O_CLOEXEC));
904    if (fd < 0) {
905        MYLOGE("mkostemp on pattern %s: %s\n", file_name_buf.get(), strerror(errno));
906        return nullptr;
907    }
908
909    // Nobody should have access to this temporary file except dumpstate, but we
910    // temporarily grant 'read' to 'others' here because this file is created
911    // when tombstoned is still running as root, but dumped after dropping. This
912    // can go away once support for old style dumping has.
913    const int chmod_ret = fchmod(fd, 0666);
914    if (chmod_ret < 0) {
915        MYLOGE("fchmod on %s failed: %s\n", file_name_buf.get(), strerror(errno));
916        return nullptr;
917    }
918
919    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> proc(opendir("/proc"), closedir);
920    if (proc.get() == nullptr) {
921        MYLOGE("opendir /proc failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
922        return nullptr;
923    }
924
925    // Number of times process dumping has timed out. If we encounter too many
926    // failures, we'll give up.
927    int timeout_failures = 0;
928    bool dalvik_found = false;
929
930    const std::set<int> hal_pids = get_interesting_hal_pids();
931
932    struct dirent* d;
933    while ((d = readdir(proc.get()))) {
934        int pid = atoi(d->d_name);
935        if (pid <= 0) {
936            continue;
937        }
938
939        const std::string link_name = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/exe", pid);
940        std::string exe;
941        if (!android::base::Readlink(link_name, &exe)) {
942            continue;
943        }
944
945        bool is_java_process;
946        if (exe == "/system/bin/app_process32" || exe == "/system/bin/app_process64") {
947            // Don't bother dumping backtraces for the zygote.
948            if (IsZygote(pid)) {
949                continue;
950            }
951
952            dalvik_found = true;
953            is_java_process = true;
954        } else if (should_dump_native_traces(exe.c_str()) || hal_pids.find(pid) != hal_pids.end()) {
955            is_java_process = false;
956        } else {
957            // Probably a native process we don't care about, continue.
958            continue;
959        }
960
961        // If 3 backtrace dumps fail in a row, consider debuggerd dead.
962        if (timeout_failures == 3) {
963            dprintf(fd, "ERROR: Too many stack dump failures, exiting.\n");
964            break;
965        }
966
967        const uint64_t start = Nanotime();
968        const int ret = dump_backtrace_to_file_timeout(
969            pid, is_java_process ? kDebuggerdJavaBacktrace : kDebuggerdNativeBacktrace,
970            is_java_process ? 5 : 20, fd);
971
972        if (ret == -1) {
973            dprintf(fd, "dumping failed, likely due to a timeout\n");
974            timeout_failures++;
975            continue;
976        }
977
978        // We've successfully dumped stack traces, reset the failure count
979        // and write a summary of the elapsed time to the file and continue with the
980        // next process.
981        timeout_failures = 0;
982
983        dprintf(fd, "[dump %s stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n", is_java_process ? "dalvik" : "native",
984                pid, (float)(Nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
985    }
986
987    if (!dalvik_found) {
988        MYLOGE("Warning: no Dalvik processes found to dump stacks\n");
989    }
990
991    return file_name_buf.release();
992}
993
994const char* DumpTraces(const std::string& traces_path) {
995    const char* result = NULL;
996    /* move the old traces.txt (if any) out of the way temporarily */
997    std::string anrtraces_path = traces_path + ".anr";
998    if (rename(traces_path.c_str(), anrtraces_path.c_str()) && errno != ENOENT) {
999        MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path.c_str(), anrtraces_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
1000        return nullptr;  // Can't rename old traces.txt -- no permission? -- leave it alone instead
1001    }
1002
1003    /* create a new, empty traces.txt file to receive stack dumps */
1004    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
1005        open(traces_path.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_TRUNC | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC,
1006             0666)); /* -rw-rw-rw- */
1007    if (fd < 0) {
1008        MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", traces_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
1009        return nullptr;
1010    }
1011    int chmod_ret = fchmod(fd, 0666);
1012    if (chmod_ret < 0) {
1013        MYLOGE("fchmod on %s failed: %s\n", traces_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
1014        close(fd);
1015        return nullptr;
1016    }
1017
1018    /* Variables below must be initialized before 'goto' statements */
1019    int dalvik_found = 0;
1020    int ifd, wfd = -1;
1021    std::set<int> hal_pids = get_interesting_hal_pids();
1022
1023    /* walk /proc and kill -QUIT all Dalvik processes */
1024    DIR *proc = opendir("/proc");
1025    if (proc == NULL) {
1026        MYLOGE("/proc: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1027        goto error_close_fd;
1028    }
1029
1030    /* use inotify to find when processes are done dumping */
1031    ifd = inotify_init();
1032    if (ifd < 0) {
1033        MYLOGE("inotify_init: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1034        goto error_close_fd;
1035    }
1036
1037    wfd = inotify_add_watch(ifd, traces_path.c_str(), IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
1038    if (wfd < 0) {
1039        MYLOGE("inotify_add_watch(%s): %s\n", traces_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
1040        goto error_close_ifd;
1041    }
1042
1043    struct dirent *d;
1044    while ((d = readdir(proc))) {
1045        int pid = atoi(d->d_name);
1046        if (pid <= 0) continue;
1047
1048        char path[PATH_MAX];
1049        char data[PATH_MAX];
1050        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/exe", pid);
1051        ssize_t len = readlink(path, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
1052        if (len <= 0) {
1053            continue;
1054        }
1055        data[len] = '\0';
1056
1057        if (!strncmp(data, "/system/bin/app_process", strlen("/system/bin/app_process"))) {
1058            /* skip zygote -- it won't dump its stack anyway */
1059            snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
1060            int cfd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
1061            len = read(cfd, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
1062            close(cfd);
1063            if (len <= 0) {
1064                continue;
1065            }
1066            data[len] = '\0';
1067            if (!strncmp(data, "zygote", strlen("zygote"))) {
1068                continue;
1069            }
1070
1071            ++dalvik_found;
1072            uint64_t start = Nanotime();
1073            if (kill(pid, SIGQUIT)) {
1074                MYLOGE("kill(%d, SIGQUIT): %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
1075                continue;
1076            }
1077
1078            /* wait for the writable-close notification from inotify */
1079            struct pollfd pfd = { ifd, POLLIN, 0 };
1080            int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, TRACE_DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS);
1081            if (ret < 0) {
1082                MYLOGE("poll: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1083            } else if (ret == 0) {
1084                MYLOGE("warning: timed out dumping pid %d\n", pid);
1085            } else {
1086                struct inotify_event ie;
1087                read(ifd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
1088            }
1089
1090            if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
1091                MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1092            } else {
1093                dprintf(fd, "[dump dalvik stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n", pid,
1094                        (float)(Nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
1095            }
1096        } else if (should_dump_native_traces(data) ||
1097                   hal_pids.find(pid) != hal_pids.end()) {
1098            /* dump native process if appropriate */
1099            if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
1100                MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
1101            } else {
1102                static uint16_t timeout_failures = 0;
1103                uint64_t start = Nanotime();
1104
1105                /* If 3 backtrace dumps fail in a row, consider debuggerd dead. */
1106                if (timeout_failures == 3) {
1107                    dprintf(fd, "too many stack dump failures, skipping...\n");
1108                } else if (dump_backtrace_to_file_timeout(
1109                        pid, kDebuggerdNativeBacktrace, 20, fd) == -1) {
1110                    dprintf(fd, "dumping failed, likely due to a timeout\n");
1111                    timeout_failures++;
1112                } else {
1113                    timeout_failures = 0;
1114                }
1115                dprintf(fd, "[dump native stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n", pid,
1116                        (float)(Nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
1117            }
1118        }
1119    }
1120
1121    if (dalvik_found == 0) {
1122        MYLOGE("Warning: no Dalvik processes found to dump stacks\n");
1123    }
1124
1125    static std::string dumptraces_path = android::base::StringPrintf(
1126        "%s/bugreport-%s", dirname(traces_path.c_str()), basename(traces_path.c_str()));
1127    if (rename(traces_path.c_str(), dumptraces_path.c_str())) {
1128        MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path.c_str(), dumptraces_path.c_str(),
1129               strerror(errno));
1130        goto error_close_ifd;
1131    }
1132    result = dumptraces_path.c_str();
1133
1134    /* replace the saved [ANR] traces.txt file */
1135    rename(anrtraces_path.c_str(), traces_path.c_str());
1136
1137error_close_ifd:
1138    close(ifd);
1139error_close_fd:
1140    close(fd);
1141    return result;
1142}
1143
1144void dump_route_tables() {
1145    DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP ROUTE TABLES");
1146    if (PropertiesHelper::IsDryRun()) return;
1147    const char* const RT_TABLES_PATH = "/data/misc/net/rt_tables";
1148    ds.DumpFile("RT_TABLES", RT_TABLES_PATH);
1149    FILE* fp = fopen(RT_TABLES_PATH, "re");
1150    if (!fp) {
1151        printf("*** %s: %s\n", RT_TABLES_PATH, strerror(errno));
1152        return;
1153    }
1154    char table[16];
1155    // Each line has an integer (the table number), a space, and a string (the table name). We only
1156    // need the table number. It's a 32-bit unsigned number, so max 10 chars. Skip the table name.
1157    // Add a fixed max limit so this doesn't go awry.
1158    for (int i = 0; i < 64 && fscanf(fp, " %10s %*s", table) == 1; ++i) {
1159        RunCommand("ROUTE TABLE IPv4", {"ip", "-4", "route", "show", "table", table});
1160        RunCommand("ROUTE TABLE IPv6", {"ip", "-6", "route", "show", "table", table});
1161    }
1162    fclose(fp);
1163}
1164
1165// TODO: make this function thread safe if sections are generated in parallel.
1166void Dumpstate::UpdateProgress(int32_t delta) {
1167    if (progress_ == nullptr) {
1168        MYLOGE("UpdateProgress: progress_ not set\n");
1169        return;
1170    }
1171
1172    // Always update progess so stats can be tuned...
1173    bool max_changed = progress_->Inc(delta);
1174
1175    // ...but only notifiy listeners when necessary.
1176    if (!update_progress_) return;
1177
1178    int progress = progress_->Get();
1179    int max = progress_->GetMax();
1180
1181    // adjusts max on the fly
1182    if (max_changed && listener_ != nullptr) {
1183        listener_->onMaxProgressUpdated(max);
1184    }
1185
1186    int32_t last_update_delta = progress - last_updated_progress_;
1187    if (last_updated_progress_ > 0 && last_update_delta < update_progress_threshold_) {
1188        return;
1189    }
1190    last_updated_progress_ = progress;
1191
1192    if (control_socket_fd_ >= 0) {
1193        dprintf(control_socket_fd_, "PROGRESS:%d/%d\n", progress, max);
1194        fsync(control_socket_fd_);
1195    }
1196
1197    if (listener_ != nullptr) {
1198        if (progress % 100 == 0) {
1199            // We don't want to spam logcat, so only log multiples of 100.
1200            MYLOGD("Setting progress (%s): %d/%d\n", listener_name_.c_str(), progress, max);
1201        } else {
1202            // stderr is ignored on normal invocations, but useful when calling
1203            // /system/bin/dumpstate directly for debuggging.
1204            fprintf(stderr, "Setting progress (%s): %d/%d\n", listener_name_.c_str(), progress, max);
1205        }
1206        listener_->onProgressUpdated(progress);
1207    }
1208}
1209
1210void Dumpstate::TakeScreenshot(const std::string& path) {
1211    const std::string& real_path = path.empty() ? screenshot_path_ : path;
1212    int status =
1213        RunCommand("", {"/system/bin/screencap", "-p", real_path},
1214                   CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).Always().DropRoot().RedirectStderr().Build());
1215    if (status == 0) {
1216        MYLOGD("Screenshot saved on %s\n", real_path.c_str());
1217    } else {
1218        MYLOGE("Failed to take screenshot on %s\n", real_path.c_str());
1219    }
1220}
1221
1222bool is_dir(const char* pathname) {
1223    struct stat info;
1224    if (stat(pathname, &info) == -1) {
1225        return false;
1226    }
1227    return S_ISDIR(info.st_mode);
1228}
1229
1230time_t get_mtime(int fd, time_t default_mtime) {
1231    struct stat info;
1232    if (fstat(fd, &info) == -1) {
1233        return default_mtime;
1234    }
1235    return info.st_mtime;
1236}
1237
1238void dump_emmc_ecsd(const char *ext_csd_path) {
1239    // List of interesting offsets
1240    struct hex {
1241        char str[2];
1242    };
1243    static const size_t EXT_CSD_REV = 192 * sizeof(hex);
1244    static const size_t EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO = 267 * sizeof(hex);
1245    static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A = 268 * sizeof(hex);
1246    static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B = 269 * sizeof(hex);
1247
1248    std::string buffer;
1249    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(ext_csd_path, &buffer)) {
1250        return;
1251    }
1252
1253    printf("------ %s Extended CSD ------\n", ext_csd_path);
1254
1255    if (buffer.length() < (EXT_CSD_REV + sizeof(hex))) {
1256        printf("*** %s: truncated content %zu\n\n", ext_csd_path, buffer.length());
1257        return;
1258    }
1259
1260    int ext_csd_rev = 0;
1261    std::string sub = buffer.substr(EXT_CSD_REV, sizeof(hex));
1262    if (sscanf(sub.c_str(), "%2x", &ext_csd_rev) != 1) {
1263        printf("*** %s: EXT_CSD_REV parse error \"%s\"\n\n", ext_csd_path, sub.c_str());
1264        return;
1265    }
1266
1267    static const char *ver_str[] = {
1268        "4.0", "4.1", "4.2", "4.3", "Obsolete", "4.41", "4.5", "5.0"
1269    };
1270    printf("rev 1.%d (MMC %s)\n", ext_csd_rev,
1271           (ext_csd_rev < (int)(sizeof(ver_str) / sizeof(ver_str[0]))) ? ver_str[ext_csd_rev]
1272                                                                       : "Unknown");
1273    if (ext_csd_rev < 7) {
1274        printf("\n");
1275        return;
1276    }
1277
1278    if (buffer.length() < (EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO + sizeof(hex))) {
1279        printf("*** %s: truncated content %zu\n\n", ext_csd_path, buffer.length());
1280        return;
1281    }
1282
1283    int ext_pre_eol_info = 0;
1284    sub = buffer.substr(EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO, sizeof(hex));
1285    if (sscanf(sub.c_str(), "%2x", &ext_pre_eol_info) != 1) {
1286        printf("*** %s: PRE_EOL_INFO parse error \"%s\"\n\n", ext_csd_path, sub.c_str());
1287        return;
1288    }
1289
1290    static const char *eol_str[] = {
1291        "Undefined",
1292        "Normal",
1293        "Warning (consumed 80% of reserve)",
1294        "Urgent (consumed 90% of reserve)"
1295    };
1296    printf(
1297        "PRE_EOL_INFO %d (MMC %s)\n", ext_pre_eol_info,
1298        eol_str[(ext_pre_eol_info < (int)(sizeof(eol_str) / sizeof(eol_str[0]))) ? ext_pre_eol_info
1299                                                                                 : 0]);
1300
1301    for (size_t lifetime = EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A;
1302            lifetime <= EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B;
1303            lifetime += sizeof(hex)) {
1304        int ext_device_life_time_est;
1305        static const char *est_str[] = {
1306            "Undefined",
1307            "0-10% of device lifetime used",
1308            "10-20% of device lifetime used",
1309            "20-30% of device lifetime used",
1310            "30-40% of device lifetime used",
1311            "40-50% of device lifetime used",
1312            "50-60% of device lifetime used",
1313            "60-70% of device lifetime used",
1314            "70-80% of device lifetime used",
1315            "80-90% of device lifetime used",
1316            "90-100% of device lifetime used",
1317            "Exceeded the maximum estimated device lifetime",
1318        };
1319
1320        if (buffer.length() < (lifetime + sizeof(hex))) {
1321            printf("*** %s: truncated content %zu\n", ext_csd_path, buffer.length());
1322            break;
1323        }
1324
1325        ext_device_life_time_est = 0;
1326        sub = buffer.substr(lifetime, sizeof(hex));
1327        if (sscanf(sub.c_str(), "%2x", &ext_device_life_time_est) != 1) {
1328            printf("*** %s: DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c parse error \"%s\"\n", ext_csd_path,
1329                   (unsigned)((lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) / sizeof(hex)) + 'A',
1330                   sub.c_str());
1331            continue;
1332        }
1333        printf("DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c %d (MMC %s)\n",
1334               (unsigned)((lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) / sizeof(hex)) + 'A',
1335               ext_device_life_time_est,
1336               est_str[(ext_device_life_time_est < (int)(sizeof(est_str) / sizeof(est_str[0])))
1337                           ? ext_device_life_time_est
1338                           : 0]);
1339    }
1340
1341    printf("\n");
1342}
1343