xkbcommon/src/state.c

/************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1993 by Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
 * software and its documentation for any purpose and without
 * fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
 * notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
 * documentation, and that the name of Silicon Graphics not be
 * used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
 * of the software without specific prior written permission.
 * Silicon Graphics makes no representation about the suitability
 * of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
 * without any express or implied warranty.
 *
 * SILICON GRAPHICS DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
 * SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
 * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL SILICON
 * GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
 * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION  WITH
 * THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 ********************************************************/

/*
 * Copyright © 2012 Intel Corporation
 * Copyright © 2012 Ran Benita <ran234@gmail.com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
 * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
 * Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Author: Daniel Stone <daniel@fooishbar.org>
 */

/*
 * This is a bastardised version of xkbActions.c from the X server which
 * does not support, for the moment:
 *   - AccessX sticky/debounce/etc (will come later)
 *   - pointer keys (may come later)
 *   - key redirects (unlikely)
 *   - messages (very unlikely)
 */

#include "keymap.h"
#include "keysym.h"
#include "utf8.h"

struct xkb_filter {
    union xkb_action action;
    const struct xkb_key *key;
    uint32_t priv;
    bool (*func)(struct xkb_state *state,
                 struct xkb_filter *filter,
                 const struct xkb_key *key,
                 enum xkb_key_direction direction);
    int refcnt;
};

struct state_components {
    /* These may be negative, because of -1 group actions. */
    int32_t base_group; /**< depressed */
    int32_t latched_group;
    int32_t locked_group;
    xkb_layout_index_t group; /**< effective */

    xkb_mod_mask_t base_mods; /**< depressed */
    xkb_mod_mask_t latched_mods;
    xkb_mod_mask_t locked_mods;
    xkb_mod_mask_t mods; /**< effective */

    xkb_led_mask_t leds;
};

struct xkb_state {
    /*
     * Before updating the state, we keep a copy of just this struct. This
     * allows us to report which components of the state have changed.
     */
    struct state_components components;

    /*
     * At each event, we accumulate all the needed modifications to the base
     * modifiers, and apply them at the end. These keep track of this state.
     */
    xkb_mod_mask_t set_mods;
    xkb_mod_mask_t clear_mods;

    /*
     * We mustn't clear a base modifier if there's another depressed key
     * which affects it, e.g. given this sequence
     * < Left Shift down, Right Shift down, Left Shift Up >
     * the modifier should still be set. This keeps the count.
     */
    int16_t mod_key_count[XKB_MAX_MODS];

    int refcnt;
    darray(struct xkb_filter) filters;
    struct xkb_keymap *keymap;
};

static const struct xkb_key_type_entry *
get_entry_for_key_state(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key,
                        xkb_layout_index_t group)
{
    const struct xkb_key_type *type = key->groups[group].type;
    xkb_mod_mask_t active_mods = state->components.mods & type->mods.mask;

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < type->num_entries; i++) {
        /*
         * If the virtual modifiers are not bound to anything, we're
         * supposed to skip the entry (xserver does this with cached
         * entry->active field).
         */
        if (type->entries[i].mods.mods != 0 && type->entries[i].mods.mask == 0)
            continue;

        if (type->entries[i].mods.mask == active_mods)
            return &type->entries[i];
    }

    return NULL;
}

/**
 * Returns the level to use for the given key and state, or
 * XKB_LEVEL_INVALID.
 */
XKB_EXPORT xkb_level_index_t
xkb_state_key_get_level(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                        xkb_layout_index_t layout)
{
    const struct xkb_key *key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);
    const struct xkb_key_type_entry *entry;

    if (!key || layout >= key->num_groups)
        return XKB_LEVEL_INVALID;

    /* If we don't find an explicit match the default is 0. */
    entry = get_entry_for_key_state(state, key, layout);
    if (!entry)
        return 0;

    return entry->level;
}

xkb_layout_index_t
XkbWrapGroupIntoRange(int32_t group,
                      xkb_layout_index_t num_groups,
                      enum xkb_range_exceed_type out_of_range_group_action,
                      xkb_layout_index_t out_of_range_group_number)
{
    if (num_groups == 0)
        return XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID;

    if (group >= 0 && (xkb_layout_index_t) group < num_groups)
        return group;

    switch (out_of_range_group_action) {
    case RANGE_REDIRECT:
        if (out_of_range_group_number >= num_groups)
            return 0;
        return out_of_range_group_number;

    case RANGE_SATURATE:
        if (group < 0)
            return 0;
        else
            return num_groups - 1;

    case RANGE_WRAP:
    default:
        /*
         * C99 says a negative dividend in a modulo operation always
         * gives a negative result.
         */
        if (group < 0)
            return ((int) num_groups + (group % (int) num_groups));
        else
            return group % num_groups;
    }
}

/**
 * Returns the layout to use for the given key and state, taking
 * wrapping/clamping/etc into account, or XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID.
 */
XKB_EXPORT xkb_layout_index_t
xkb_state_key_get_layout(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    const struct xkb_key *key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);

    if (!key)
        return XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID;

    return XkbWrapGroupIntoRange(state->components.group, key->num_groups,
                                 key->out_of_range_group_action,
                                 key->out_of_range_group_number);
}

static const union xkb_action fake = { .type = ACTION_TYPE_NONE };

static const union xkb_action *
xkb_key_get_action(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key)
{
    xkb_layout_index_t layout;
    xkb_level_index_t level;

    layout = xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, key->keycode);
    if (layout == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
        return &fake;

    level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, key->keycode, layout);
    if (level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
        return &fake;

    return &key->groups[layout].levels[level].action;
}

static struct xkb_filter *
xkb_filter_new(struct xkb_state *state)
{
    struct xkb_filter *filter = NULL, *iter;

    darray_foreach(iter, state->filters) {
        if (iter->func)
            continue;
        filter = iter;
        break;
    }

    if (!filter) {
        darray_resize0(state->filters, darray_size(state->filters) + 1);
        filter = &darray_item(state->filters, darray_size(state->filters) -1);
    }

    filter->refcnt = 1;
    return filter;
}

/***====================================================================***/

static bool
xkb_filter_group_set_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                          struct xkb_filter *filter,
                          const struct xkb_key *key,
                          enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    if (key != filter->key) {
        filter->action.group.flags &= ~ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR;
        return true;
    }

    if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
        filter->refcnt++;
        return false;
    }
    else if (--filter->refcnt > 0) {
        return false;
    }

    state->components.base_group = filter->priv;

    if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR)
        state->components.locked_group = 0;

    filter->func = NULL;
    return true;
}

static void
xkb_filter_group_set_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
{
    filter->priv = state->components.base_group;
    if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_ABSOLUTE_SWITCH)
        state->components.base_group = filter->action.group.group;
    else
        state->components.base_group += filter->action.group.group;
}

static bool
xkb_filter_group_lock_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                           struct xkb_filter *filter,
                           const struct xkb_key *key,
                           enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    if (key != filter->key)
        return true;

    if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
        filter->refcnt++;
        return false;
    }
    if (--filter->refcnt > 0)
        return false;

    filter->func = NULL;
    return true;
}

static void
xkb_filter_group_lock_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
{
    if (filter->action.group.flags & ACTION_ABSOLUTE_SWITCH)
        state->components.locked_group = filter->action.group.group;
    else
        state->components.locked_group += filter->action.group.group;
}

static bool
xkb_filter_mod_set_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                        struct xkb_filter *filter,
                        const struct xkb_key *key,
                        enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    if (key != filter->key) {
        filter->action.mods.flags &= ~ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR;
        return true;
    }

    if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
        filter->refcnt++;
        return false;
    }
    else if (--filter->refcnt > 0) {
        return false;
    }

    state->clear_mods = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
    if (filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR)
        state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;

    filter->func = NULL;
    return true;
}

static void
xkb_filter_mod_set_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
{
    state->set_mods = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
}

static bool
xkb_filter_mod_lock_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                         struct xkb_filter *filter,
                         const struct xkb_key *key,
                         enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    if (key != filter->key)
        return true;

    if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN) {
        filter->refcnt++;
        return false;
    }
    if (--filter->refcnt > 0)
        return false;

    state->clear_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
    if (!(filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_NO_UNLOCK))
        state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->priv;

    filter->func = NULL;
    return true;
}

static void
xkb_filter_mod_lock_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
{
    filter->priv = (state->components.locked_mods &
                    filter->action.mods.mods.mask);
    state->set_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
    if (!(filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_NO_LOCK))
        state->components.locked_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
}

enum xkb_key_latch_state {
    NO_LATCH,
    LATCH_KEY_DOWN,
    LATCH_PENDING,
};

static bool
xkb_action_breaks_latch(const union xkb_action *action)
{
    switch (action->type) {
    case ACTION_TYPE_NONE:
    case ACTION_TYPE_PTR_BUTTON:
    case ACTION_TYPE_PTR_LOCK:
    case ACTION_TYPE_CTRL_SET:
    case ACTION_TYPE_CTRL_LOCK:
    case ACTION_TYPE_SWITCH_VT:
    case ACTION_TYPE_TERMINATE:
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

static bool
xkb_filter_mod_latch_func(struct xkb_state *state,
                          struct xkb_filter *filter,
                          const struct xkb_key *key,
                          enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    enum xkb_key_latch_state latch = filter->priv;

    if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN && latch == LATCH_PENDING) {
        /* If this is a new keypress and we're awaiting our single latched
         * keypress, then either break the latch if any random key is pressed,
         * or promote it to a lock or plain base set if it's the same
         * modifier. */
        const union xkb_action *action = xkb_key_get_action(state, key);
        if (action->type == ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LATCH &&
            action->mods.flags == filter->action.mods.flags &&
            action->mods.mods.mask == filter->action.mods.mods.mask) {
            filter->action = *action;
            if (filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LATCH_TO_LOCK) {
                filter->action.type = ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LOCK;
                filter->func = xkb_filter_mod_lock_func;
                state->components.locked_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            }
            else {
                filter->action.type = ACTION_TYPE_MOD_SET;
                filter->func = xkb_filter_mod_set_func;
                state->set_mods = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            }
            filter->key = key;
            state->components.latched_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            /* XXX beep beep! */
            return false;
        }
        else if (xkb_action_breaks_latch(action)) {
            /* XXX: This may be totally broken, we might need to break the
             *      latch in the next run after this press? */
            state->components.latched_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            filter->func = NULL;
            return true;
        }
    }
    else if (direction == XKB_KEY_UP && key == filter->key) {
        /* Our key got released.  If we've set it to clear locks, and we
         * currently have the same modifiers locked, then release them and
         * don't actually latch.  Else we've actually hit the latching
         * stage, so set PENDING and move our modifier from base to
         * latched. */
        if (latch == NO_LATCH ||
            ((filter->action.mods.flags & ACTION_LOCK_CLEAR) &&
             (state->components.locked_mods & filter->action.mods.mods.mask) ==
             filter->action.mods.mods.mask)) {
            /* XXX: We might be a bit overenthusiastic about clearing
             *      mods other filters have set here? */
            if (latch == LATCH_PENDING)
                state->components.latched_mods &=
                    ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            else
                state->clear_mods = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            state->components.locked_mods &= ~filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            filter->func = NULL;
        }
        else {
            latch = LATCH_PENDING;
            state->clear_mods = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            state->components.latched_mods |= filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
            /* XXX beep beep! */
        }
    }
    else if (direction == XKB_KEY_DOWN && latch == LATCH_KEY_DOWN) {
        /* Someone's pressed another key while we've still got the latching
         * key held down, so keep the base modifier state active (from
         * xkb_filter_mod_latch_new), but don't trip the latch, just clear
         * it as soon as the modifier gets released. */
        latch = NO_LATCH;
    }

    filter->priv = latch;

    return true;
}

static void
xkb_filter_mod_latch_new(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter)
{
    filter->priv = LATCH_KEY_DOWN;
    state->set_mods = filter->action.mods.mods.mask;
}

static const struct {
    void (*new)(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter);
    bool (*func)(struct xkb_state *state, struct xkb_filter *filter,
                 const struct xkb_key *key, enum xkb_key_direction direction);
} filter_action_funcs[_ACTION_TYPE_NUM_ENTRIES] = {
    [ACTION_TYPE_MOD_SET]    = { xkb_filter_mod_set_new,
                                 xkb_filter_mod_set_func },
    [ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LATCH]  = { xkb_filter_mod_latch_new,
                                 xkb_filter_mod_latch_func },
    [ACTION_TYPE_MOD_LOCK]   = { xkb_filter_mod_lock_new,
                                 xkb_filter_mod_lock_func },
    [ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_SET]  = { xkb_filter_group_set_new,
                                 xkb_filter_group_set_func },
    [ACTION_TYPE_GROUP_LOCK] = { xkb_filter_group_lock_new,
                                 xkb_filter_group_lock_func },
};

/**
 * Applies any relevant filters to the key, first from the list of filters
 * that are currently active, then if no filter has claimed the key, possibly
 * apply a new filter from the key action.
 */
static void
xkb_filter_apply_all(struct xkb_state *state,
                     const struct xkb_key *key,
                     enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    struct xkb_filter *filter;
    const union xkb_action *action;
    bool send = true;

    /* First run through all the currently active filters and see if any of
     * them have claimed this event. */
    darray_foreach(filter, state->filters) {
        if (!filter->func)
            continue;
        send = filter->func(state, filter, key, direction) && send;
    }

    if (!send || direction == XKB_KEY_UP)
        return;

    action = xkb_key_get_action(state, key);

    /*
     * It's possible for the keymap to set action->type explicitly, like so:
     *     interpret XF86_Next_VMode {
     *         action = Private(type=0x86, data="+VMode");
     *     };
     * We don't handle those.
     */
    if (action->type >= _ACTION_TYPE_NUM_ENTRIES)
        return;

    if (!filter_action_funcs[action->type].new)
        return;

    filter = xkb_filter_new(state);
    if (!filter)
        return; /* WSGO */

    filter->key = key;
    filter->func = filter_action_funcs[action->type].func;
    filter->action = *action;
    filter_action_funcs[action->type].new(state, filter);
}

XKB_EXPORT struct xkb_state *
xkb_state_new(struct xkb_keymap *keymap)
{
    struct xkb_state *ret;

    ret = calloc(sizeof(*ret), 1);
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;

    ret->refcnt = 1;
    ret->keymap = xkb_keymap_ref(keymap);

    return ret;
}

XKB_EXPORT struct xkb_state *
xkb_state_ref(struct xkb_state *state)
{
    state->refcnt++;
    return state;
}

XKB_EXPORT void
xkb_state_unref(struct xkb_state *state)
{
    if (!state || --state->refcnt > 0)
        return;

    xkb_keymap_unref(state->keymap);
    darray_free(state->filters);
    free(state);
}

XKB_EXPORT struct xkb_keymap *
xkb_state_get_keymap(struct xkb_state *state)
{
    return state->keymap;
}

/**
 * Update the LED state to match the rest of the xkb_state.
 */
static void
xkb_state_led_update_all(struct xkb_state *state)
{
    xkb_led_index_t idx;
    const struct xkb_led *led;

    state->components.leds = 0;

    xkb_leds_enumerate(idx, led, state->keymap) {
        xkb_mod_mask_t mod_mask = 0;
        xkb_layout_mask_t group_mask = 0;

        if (led->which_mods != 0 && led->mods.mask != 0) {
            if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE)
                mod_mask |= state->components.mods;
            if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_DEPRESSED)
                mod_mask |= state->components.base_mods;
            if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_LATCHED)
                mod_mask |= state->components.latched_mods;
            if (led->which_mods & XKB_STATE_MODS_LOCKED)
                mod_mask |= state->components.locked_mods;

            if (led->mods.mask & mod_mask) {
                state->components.leds |= (1u << idx);
                continue;
            }
        }

        if (led->which_groups != 0 && led->groups != 0) {
            if (led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE)
                group_mask |= (1u << state->components.group);
            if (led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED)
                group_mask |= (1u << state->components.base_group);
            if (led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED)
                group_mask |= (1u << state->components.latched_group);
            if (led->which_groups & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED)
                group_mask |= (1u << state->components.locked_group);

            if (led->groups & group_mask) {
                state->components.leds |= (1u << idx);
                continue;
            }
        }

        if (led->ctrls & state->keymap->enabled_ctrls) {
            state->components.leds |= (1u << idx);
            continue;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Calculates the derived state (effective mods/group and LEDs) from an
 * up-to-date xkb_state.
 */
static void
xkb_state_update_derived(struct xkb_state *state)
{
    xkb_layout_index_t wrapped;

    state->components.mods = (state->components.base_mods |
                              state->components.latched_mods |
                              state->components.locked_mods);

    /* TODO: Use groups_wrap control instead of always RANGE_WRAP. */

    wrapped = XkbWrapGroupIntoRange(state->components.locked_group,
                                    state->keymap->num_groups,
                                    RANGE_WRAP, 0);
    state->components.locked_group =
        (wrapped == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID ? 0 : wrapped);

    wrapped = XkbWrapGroupIntoRange(state->components.base_group +
                                    state->components.latched_group +
                                    state->components.locked_group,
                                    state->keymap->num_groups,
                                    RANGE_WRAP, 0);
    state->components.group =
        (wrapped == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID ? 0 : wrapped);

    xkb_state_led_update_all(state);
}

static enum xkb_state_component
get_state_component_changes(const struct state_components *a,
                            const struct state_components *b)
{
    xkb_mod_mask_t mask = 0;

    if (a->group != b->group)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE;
    if (a->base_group != b->base_group)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED;
    if (a->latched_group != b->latched_group)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED;
    if (a->locked_group != b->locked_group)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED;
    if (a->mods != b->mods)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE;
    if (a->base_mods != b->base_mods)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_DEPRESSED;
    if (a->latched_mods != b->latched_mods)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_LATCHED;
    if (a->locked_mods != b->locked_mods)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_MODS_LOCKED;
    if (a->leds != b->leds)
        mask |= XKB_STATE_LEDS;

    return mask;
}

/**
 * Given a particular key event, updates the state structure to reflect the
 * new modifiers.
 */
XKB_EXPORT enum xkb_state_component
xkb_state_update_key(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                     enum xkb_key_direction direction)
{
    xkb_mod_index_t i;
    xkb_mod_mask_t bit;
    struct state_components prev_components;
    const struct xkb_key *key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);

    if (!key)
        return 0;

    prev_components = state->components;

    state->set_mods = 0;
    state->clear_mods = 0;

    xkb_filter_apply_all(state, key, direction);

    for (i = 0, bit = 1; state->set_mods; i++, bit <<= 1) {
        if (state->set_mods & bit) {
            state->mod_key_count[i]++;
            state->components.base_mods |= bit;
            state->set_mods &= ~bit;
        }
    }

    for (i = 0, bit = 1; state->clear_mods; i++, bit <<= 1) {
        if (state->clear_mods & bit) {
            state->mod_key_count[i]--;
            if (state->mod_key_count[i] <= 0) {
                state->components.base_mods &= ~bit;
                state->mod_key_count[i] = 0;
            }
            state->clear_mods &= ~bit;
        }
    }

    xkb_state_update_derived(state);

    return get_state_component_changes(&prev_components, &state->components);
}

/**
 * Updates the state from a set of explicit masks as gained from
 * xkb_state_serialize_mods and xkb_state_serialize_groups.  As noted in the
 * documentation for these functions in xkbcommon.h, this round-trip is
 * lossy, and should only be used to update a slave state mirroring the
 * master, e.g. in a client/server window system.
 */
XKB_EXPORT enum xkb_state_component
xkb_state_update_mask(struct xkb_state *state,
                      xkb_mod_mask_t base_mods,
                      xkb_mod_mask_t latched_mods,
                      xkb_mod_mask_t locked_mods,
                      xkb_layout_index_t base_group,
                      xkb_layout_index_t latched_group,
                      xkb_layout_index_t locked_group)
{
    struct state_components prev_components;
    xkb_mod_mask_t mask;

    prev_components = state->components;

    /* Only include modifiers which exist in the keymap. */
    mask = (xkb_mod_mask_t) ((1ull << xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap)) - 1u);

    state->components.base_mods = base_mods & mask;
    state->components.latched_mods = latched_mods & mask;
    state->components.locked_mods = locked_mods & mask;

    /* Make sure the mods are fully resolved - since we get arbitrary
     * input, they might not be.
     *
     * It might seem more reasonable to do this only for components.mods
     * in xkb_state_update_derived(), rather than for each component
     * seperately.  That would allow to distinguish between "really"
     * depressed mods (would be in MODS_DEPRESSED) and indirectly
     * depressed to to a mapping (would only be in MODS_EFFECTIVE).
     * However, the traditional behavior of xkb_state_update_key() is that
     * if a vmod is depressed, its mappings are depressed with it; so we're
     * expected to do the same here.  Also, LEDs (usually) look if a real
     * mod is locked, not just effective; otherwise it won't be lit.
     *
     * We OR here because mod_mask_get_effective() drops vmods. */
    state->components.base_mods |=
        mod_mask_get_effective(state->keymap, state->components.base_mods);
    state->components.latched_mods |=
        mod_mask_get_effective(state->keymap, state->components.latched_mods);
    state->components.locked_mods |=
        mod_mask_get_effective(state->keymap, state->components.locked_mods);

    state->components.base_group = base_group;
    state->components.latched_group = latched_group;
    state->components.locked_group = locked_group;

    xkb_state_update_derived(state);

    return get_state_component_changes(&prev_components, &state->components);
}

/**
 * Provides the symbols to use for the given key and state.  Returns the
 * number of symbols pointed to in syms_out.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_key_get_syms(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                       const xkb_keysym_t **syms_out)
{
    xkb_layout_index_t layout;
    xkb_level_index_t level;

    layout = xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, kc);
    if (layout == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
        goto err;

    level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, kc, layout);
    if (level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
        goto err;

    return xkb_keymap_key_get_syms_by_level(state->keymap, kc, layout, level,
                                            syms_out);

err:
    *syms_out = NULL;
    return 0;
}

/*
 * http://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/kbproto/xkbproto.html#Interpreting_the_Lock_Modifier
 */
static bool
should_do_caps_transformation(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    xkb_mod_index_t caps =
        xkb_keymap_mod_get_index(state->keymap, XKB_MOD_NAME_CAPS);

    return
        xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(state, caps, XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE) > 0 &&
        xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed(state, kc, caps) == 0;
}

/*
 * http://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/kbproto/xkbproto.html#Interpreting_the_Control_Modifier
 */
static bool
should_do_ctrl_transformation(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    xkb_mod_index_t ctrl =
        xkb_keymap_mod_get_index(state->keymap, XKB_MOD_NAME_CTRL);

    return
        xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(state, ctrl, XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE) > 0 &&
        xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed(state, kc, ctrl) == 0;
}

/* Verbatim from libX11:src/xkb/XKBBind.c */
static char
XkbToControl(char ch)
{
    char c = ch;

    if ((c >= '@' && c < '\177') || c == ' ')
        c &= 0x1F;
    else if (c == '2')
        c = '\000';
    else if (c >= '3' && c <= '7')
        c -= ('3' - '\033');
    else if (c == '8')
        c = '\177';
    else if (c == '/')
        c = '_' & 0x1F;
    return c;
}

/**
 * Provides either exactly one symbol, or XKB_KEY_NoSymbol.
 */
XKB_EXPORT xkb_keysym_t
xkb_state_key_get_one_sym(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    const xkb_keysym_t *syms;
    xkb_keysym_t sym;
    int num_syms;

    num_syms = xkb_state_key_get_syms(state, kc, &syms);
    if (num_syms != 1)
        return XKB_KEY_NoSymbol;

    sym = syms[0];

    if (should_do_caps_transformation(state, kc))
        sym = xkb_keysym_to_upper(sym);

    return sym;
}

/*
 * The caps and ctrl transformations require some special handling,
 * so we cannot simply use xkb_state_get_one_sym() for them.
 * In particular, if Control is set, we must try very hard to find
 * some layout in which the keysym is ASCII and thus can be (maybe)
 * converted to a control character. libX11 allows to disable this
 * behavior with the XkbLC_ControlFallback (see XkbSetXlibControls(3)),
 * but it is enabled by default, yippee.
 */
static xkb_keysym_t
get_one_sym_for_string(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    xkb_level_index_t level;
    xkb_layout_index_t layout, num_layouts;
    const xkb_keysym_t *syms;
    int nsyms;
    xkb_keysym_t sym;

    layout = xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, kc);
    num_layouts = xkb_keymap_num_layouts_for_key(state->keymap, kc);
    level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, kc, layout);
    if (layout == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID || num_layouts == 0 ||
        level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
        return XKB_KEY_NoSymbol;

    nsyms = xkb_keymap_key_get_syms_by_level(state->keymap, kc,
                                             layout, level, &syms);
    if (nsyms != 1)
        return XKB_KEY_NoSymbol;
    sym = syms[0];

    if (should_do_ctrl_transformation(state, kc) && sym > 127u) {
        for (xkb_layout_index_t i = 0; i < num_layouts; i++) {
            level = xkb_state_key_get_level(state, kc, i);
            if (level == XKB_LEVEL_INVALID)
                continue;

            nsyms = xkb_keymap_key_get_syms_by_level(state->keymap, kc,
                                                     i, level, &syms);
            if (nsyms == 1 && syms[0] <= 127u) {
                sym = syms[0];
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (should_do_caps_transformation(state, kc)) {
        sym = xkb_keysym_to_upper(sym);
    }

    return sym;
}

XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_key_get_utf8(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                       char *buffer, size_t size)
{
    xkb_keysym_t sym;
    const xkb_keysym_t *syms;
    int nsyms;
    int offset;
    char tmp[7];

    sym = get_one_sym_for_string(state, kc);
    if (sym != XKB_KEY_NoSymbol) {
        nsyms = 1; syms = &sym;
    }
    else {
        nsyms = xkb_state_key_get_syms(state, kc, &syms);
    }

    /* Make sure not to truncate in the middle of a UTF-8 sequence. */
    offset = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
        int ret = xkb_keysym_to_utf8(syms[i], tmp, sizeof(tmp));
        if (ret <= 0)
            goto err_bad;

        ret--;
        if ((size_t) (offset + ret) <= size)
            memcpy(buffer + offset, tmp, ret);
        offset += ret;
    }

    if ((size_t) offset >= size)
        goto err_trunc;
    buffer[offset] = '\0';

    if (!is_valid_utf8(buffer, offset))
        goto err_bad;

    if (offset == 1 && (unsigned int) buffer[0] <= 127u &&
        should_do_ctrl_transformation(state, kc))
        buffer[0] = XkbToControl(buffer[0]);

    return offset;

err_trunc:
    if (size > 0)
        buffer[size - 1] = '\0';
    return offset;

err_bad:
    if (size > 0)
        buffer[0] = '\0';
    return 0;
}

XKB_EXPORT uint32_t
xkb_state_key_get_utf32(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    xkb_keysym_t sym;
    uint32_t cp;

    sym = get_one_sym_for_string(state, kc);
    cp = xkb_keysym_to_utf32(sym);

    if (cp <= 127u && should_do_ctrl_transformation(state, kc))
        cp = (uint32_t) XkbToControl((char) cp);

    return cp;
}

/**
 * Serialises the requested modifier state into an xkb_mod_mask_t, with all
 * the same disclaimers as in xkb_state_update_mask.
 */
XKB_EXPORT xkb_mod_mask_t
xkb_state_serialize_mods(struct xkb_state *state,
                         enum xkb_state_component type)
{
    xkb_mod_mask_t ret = 0;

    if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE)
        return state->components.mods;

    if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_DEPRESSED)
        ret |= state->components.base_mods;
    if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_LATCHED)
        ret |= state->components.latched_mods;
    if (type & XKB_STATE_MODS_LOCKED)
        ret |= state->components.locked_mods;

    return ret;
}

/**
 * Serialises the requested group state, with all the same disclaimers as
 * in xkb_state_update_mask.
 */
XKB_EXPORT xkb_layout_index_t
xkb_state_serialize_layout(struct xkb_state *state,
                           enum xkb_state_component type)
{
    xkb_layout_index_t ret = 0;

    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE)
        return state->components.group;

    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED)
        ret += state->components.base_group;
    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED)
        ret += state->components.latched_group;
    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED)
        ret += state->components.locked_group;

    return ret;
}

/**
 * Gets a modifier mask and returns the resolved effective mask; this
 * is needed because some modifiers can also map to other modifiers, e.g.
 * the "NumLock" modifier usually also sets the "Mod2" modifier.
 */
xkb_mod_mask_t
mod_mask_get_effective(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, xkb_mod_mask_t mods)
{
    const struct xkb_mod *mod;
    xkb_mod_index_t i;
    xkb_mod_mask_t mask;

    /* The effective mask is only real mods for now. */
    mask = mods & MOD_REAL_MASK_ALL;

    xkb_mods_enumerate(i, mod, &keymap->mods)
        if (mods & (1u << i))
            mask |= mod->mapping;

    return mask;
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the given modifier is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
 * not, or -1 if the modifier is invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                              xkb_mod_index_t idx,
                              enum xkb_state_component type)
{
    if (idx >= xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap))
        return -1;

    return !!(xkb_state_serialize_mods(state, type) & (1u << idx));
}

/**
 * Helper function for xkb_state_mod_indices_are_active and
 * xkb_state_mod_names_are_active.
 */
static int
match_mod_masks(struct xkb_state *state,
                enum xkb_state_component type,
                enum xkb_state_match match,
                xkb_mod_mask_t wanted)
{
    xkb_mod_mask_t active = xkb_state_serialize_mods(state, type);

    if (!(match & XKB_STATE_MATCH_NON_EXCLUSIVE) && (active & ~wanted))
        return 0;

    if (match & XKB_STATE_MATCH_ANY)
        return !!(active & wanted);
    else
        return (active & wanted) == wanted;

    return 0;
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the modifiers are active with the specified type(s), 0 if
 * not, or -1 if any of the modifiers are invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_mod_indices_are_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                                 enum xkb_state_component type,
                                 enum xkb_state_match match,
                                 ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    xkb_mod_index_t idx = 0;
    xkb_mod_mask_t wanted = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    xkb_mod_index_t num_mods = xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap);

    va_start(ap, match);
    while (1) {
        idx = va_arg(ap, xkb_mod_index_t);
        if (idx == XKB_MOD_INVALID)
            break;
        if (idx >= num_mods) {
            ret = -1;
            break;
        }
        wanted |= (1u << idx);
    }
    va_end(ap);

    if (ret == -1)
        return ret;

    return match_mod_masks(state, type, match, wanted);
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the given modifier is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
 * not, or -1 if the modifier is invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_mod_name_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, const char *name,
                             enum xkb_state_component type)
{
    xkb_mod_index_t idx = xkb_keymap_mod_get_index(state->keymap, name);

    if (idx == XKB_MOD_INVALID)
        return -1;

    return xkb_state_mod_index_is_active(state, idx, type);
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the modifiers are active with the specified type(s), 0 if
 * not, or -1 if any of the modifiers are invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT ATTR_NULL_SENTINEL int
xkb_state_mod_names_are_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                               enum xkb_state_component type,
                               enum xkb_state_match match,
                               ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    xkb_mod_index_t idx = 0;
    xkb_mod_mask_t wanted = 0;
    int ret = 0;

    va_start(ap, match);
    while (1) {
        const char *str = va_arg(ap, const char *);
        if (str == NULL)
            break;
        idx = xkb_keymap_mod_get_index(state->keymap, str);
        if (idx == XKB_MOD_INVALID) {
            ret = -1;
            break;
        }
        wanted |= (1u << idx);
    }
    va_end(ap);

    if (ret == -1)
        return ret;

    return match_mod_masks(state, type, match, wanted);
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the given group is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
 * not, or -1 if the group is invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_layout_index_is_active(struct xkb_state *state,
                                xkb_layout_index_t idx,
                                enum xkb_state_component type)
{
    int ret = 0;

    if (idx >= state->keymap->num_groups)
        return -1;

    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_EFFECTIVE)
        ret |= (state->components.group == idx);
    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_DEPRESSED)
        ret |= (state->components.base_group == (int32_t) idx);
    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LATCHED)
        ret |= (state->components.latched_group == (int32_t) idx);
    if (type & XKB_STATE_LAYOUT_LOCKED)
        ret |= (state->components.locked_group == (int32_t) idx);

    return ret;
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the given modifier is active with the specified type(s), 0 if
 * not, or -1 if the modifier is invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_layout_name_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, const char *name,
                                enum xkb_state_component type)
{
    xkb_layout_index_t idx = xkb_keymap_layout_get_index(state->keymap, name);

    if (idx == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
        return -1;

    return xkb_state_layout_index_is_active(state, idx, type);
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the given LED is active, 0 if not, or -1 if the LED is invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_led_index_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_led_index_t idx)
{
    if (idx >= state->keymap->num_leds ||
        state->keymap->leds[idx].name == XKB_ATOM_NONE)
        return -1;

    return !!(state->components.leds & (1u << idx));
}

/**
 * Returns 1 if the given LED is active, 0 if not, or -1 if the LED is invalid.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_led_name_is_active(struct xkb_state *state, const char *name)
{
    xkb_led_index_t idx = xkb_keymap_led_get_index(state->keymap, name);

    if (idx == XKB_LED_INVALID)
        return -1;

    return xkb_state_led_index_is_active(state, idx);
}

static xkb_mod_mask_t
key_get_consumed(struct xkb_state *state, const struct xkb_key *key)
{
    const struct xkb_key_type *type;
    const struct xkb_key_type_entry *entry;
    xkb_mod_mask_t preserve;
    xkb_layout_index_t group;

    group = xkb_state_key_get_layout(state, key->keycode);
    if (group == XKB_LAYOUT_INVALID)
        return 0;

    type = key->groups[group].type;

    entry = get_entry_for_key_state(state, key, group);
    if (entry)
        preserve = entry->preserve.mask;
    else
        preserve = 0;

    return type->mods.mask & ~preserve;
}

/**
 * Tests to see if a modifier is used up by our translation of a
 * keycode to keysyms, taking note of the current modifier state and
 * the appropriate key type's preserve information, if any. This allows
 * the user to mask out the modifier in later processing of the
 * modifiers, e.g. when implementing hot keys or accelerators.
 *
 * See also, for example:
 * - XkbTranslateKeyCode(3), mod_rtrn return value, from libX11.
 * - gdk_keymap_translate_keyboard_state, consumed_modifiers return value,
 *   from gtk+.
 */
XKB_EXPORT int
xkb_state_mod_index_is_consumed(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                                xkb_mod_index_t idx)
{
    const struct xkb_key *key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);

    if (!key || idx >= xkb_keymap_num_mods(state->keymap))
        return -1;

    return !!((1u << idx) & key_get_consumed(state, key));
}

/**
 * Calculates which modifiers should be consumed during key processing,
 * and returns the mask with all these modifiers removed.  e.g. if
 * given a state of Alt and Shift active for a two-level alphabetic
 * key containing plus and equal on the first and second level
 * respectively, will return a mask of only Alt, as Shift has been
 * consumed by the type handling.
 */
XKB_EXPORT xkb_mod_mask_t
xkb_state_mod_mask_remove_consumed(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc,
                                   xkb_mod_mask_t mask)
{
    const struct xkb_key *key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);

    if (!key)
        return 0;

    return mask & ~key_get_consumed(state, key);
}

XKB_EXPORT xkb_mod_mask_t
xkb_state_key_get_consumed_mods(struct xkb_state *state, xkb_keycode_t kc)
{
    const struct xkb_key *key = XkbKey(state->keymap, kc);

    if (!key)
        return 0;

    return key_get_consumed(state, key);
}