AndroidRuntime.cpp revision 7e73b5165d9b68c1a4e606d8af46ff8a2d4c3415 
1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
3 *
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 *
8 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 *
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
15 */
16
17#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_DALVIK
18#define LOG_TAG "AndroidRuntime"
19#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
20
21#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
22#include <binder/IBinder.h>
23#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
24#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
25#include <utils/Log.h>
26#include <utils/misc.h>
27#include <utils/Trace.h>
28#include <binder/Parcel.h>
29#include <utils/threads.h>
30#include <cutils/properties.h>
31
32#include <SkGraphics.h>
33
34#include "jni.h"
35#include "JNIHelp.h"
36#include "JniInvocation.h"
37#include "android_util_Binder.h"
38
39#include <stdio.h>
40#include <signal.h>
41#include <sys/stat.h>
42#include <sys/types.h>
43#include <signal.h>
44#include <dirent.h>
45#include <assert.h>
46
47#include <string>
48#include <vector>
49
50
51using namespace android;
52
53extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
54extern int register_android_os_Process(JNIEnv* env);
55extern int register_android_graphics_Bitmap(JNIEnv*);
56extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory(JNIEnv*);
57extern int register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder(JNIEnv*);
58extern int register_android_graphics_Camera(JNIEnv* env);
59extern int register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor(JNIEnv* env);
60extern int register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
61extern int register_android_graphics_Graphics(JNIEnv* env);
62extern int register_android_graphics_Interpolator(JNIEnv* env);
63extern int register_android_graphics_MaskFilter(JNIEnv* env);
64extern int register_android_graphics_Movie(JNIEnv* env);
65extern int register_android_graphics_NinePatch(JNIEnv*);
66extern int register_android_graphics_PathEffect(JNIEnv* env);
67extern int register_android_graphics_Shader(JNIEnv* env);
68extern int register_android_graphics_Typeface(JNIEnv* env);
69extern int register_android_graphics_YuvImage(JNIEnv* env);
70
71extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
72extern int register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl(JNIEnv* env);
73extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14(JNIEnv* env);
74extern int register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt(JNIEnv* env);
75extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10(JNIEnv* env);
76extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext(JNIEnv* env);
77extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11(JNIEnv* env);
78extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext(JNIEnv* env);
79extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20(JNIEnv* env);
80extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30(JNIEnv* env);
81extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31(JNIEnv* env);
82extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext(JNIEnv* env);
83extern int register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32(JNIEnv* env);
84
85extern int register_android_hardware_Camera(JNIEnv *env);
86extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata(JNIEnv *env);
87extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice(JNIEnv *env);
88extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement(JNIEnv *env);
89extern int register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator(JNIEnv *env);
90extern int register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer(JNIEnv *env);
91extern int register_android_hardware_Radio(JNIEnv *env);
92extern int register_android_hardware_SensorManager(JNIEnv *env);
93extern int register_android_hardware_SerialPort(JNIEnv *env);
94extern int register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger(JNIEnv *env);
95extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDevice(JNIEnv *env);
96extern int register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection(JNIEnv *env);
97extern int register_android_hardware_UsbRequest(JNIEnv *env);
98extern int register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware(JNIEnv* env);
99
100extern int register_android_media_AudioRecord(JNIEnv *env);
101extern int register_android_media_AudioSystem(JNIEnv *env);
102extern int register_android_media_AudioTrack(JNIEnv *env);
103extern int register_android_media_JetPlayer(JNIEnv *env);
104extern int register_android_media_ToneGenerator(JNIEnv *env);
105
106namespace android {
107
108/*
109 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
110 * namespace android.
111 */
112extern int register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog(JNIEnv* env);
113extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
114extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
115extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
116extern int register_android_util_MemoryIntArray(JNIEnv* env);
117extern int register_android_util_PathParser(JNIEnv* env);
118extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
119extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
120extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
121extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
122extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
123extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
124extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
125extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
126extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
127extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
128extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
129extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
130extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
131extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
132extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
133extern int register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable(JNIEnv* env);
134extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
135extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
136extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
137extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
138extern int register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas(JNIEnv* env);
139extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
140extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
141extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
142extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
143extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
144extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
145extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
146extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
147extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
148extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
149extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
150extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
151extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
152extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
153extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
154extern int register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment(JNIEnv* env);
155extern int register_android_os_HwBinder(JNIEnv *env);
156extern int register_android_os_HwBlob(JNIEnv *env);
157extern int register_android_os_HwParcel(JNIEnv *env);
158extern int register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder(JNIEnv *env);
159extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
160extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
161extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
162extern int register_android_os_VintfObject(JNIEnv *env);
163extern int register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo(JNIEnv *env);
164extern int register_android_os_seccomp(JNIEnv* env);
165extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
166extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
167extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
168extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
169extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
170extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
171extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
172extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
173extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
174extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
175extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
176extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
177extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
178extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
179extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
180extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
181extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
182extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
183extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
184extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
185extern int register_android_app_Activity(JNIEnv *env);
186extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
187extern int register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders(JNIEnv *env);
188extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
189extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
190extern int register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile(JNIEnv* env);
191extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
192extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
193extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
194extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
195extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
196extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
197extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
198extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
199extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
200extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
201extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
202extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
203extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
204extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
205extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
206extern int register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop(JNIEnv* env);
207extern int register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory(JNIEnv* env);
208extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
209extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);
210
211static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
212
213/*
214 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
215 */
216static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
217{
218    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
219}
220
221static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
222{
223    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
224}
225
226static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
227        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
228{
229    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
230}
231
232/*
233 * JNI registration.
234 */
235
236int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
237{
238    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
239        { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
240            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
241        { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
242            (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
243    };
244    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
245        methods, NELEM(methods));
246}
247
248int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env)
249{
250    const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
251        { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
252            (void*) com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit },
253    };
254    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit",
255        methods, NELEM(methods));
256}
257
258// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
259
260/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
261
262AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
263        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
264        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
265        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
266{
267    SkGraphics::Init();
268    // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified by
269    // SK_DEFAULT_FONT_CACHE_COUNT_LIMIT and SK_DEFAULT_FONT_CACHE_LIMIT.
270
271    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
272    mOptions.setCapacity(20);
273
274    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
275    gCurRuntime = this;
276}
277
278AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
279{
280    SkGraphics::Term();
281}
282
283/*
284 * Register native methods using JNI.
285 */
286/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
287    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
288{
289    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
290}
291
292void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0, bool setProcName) {
293    if (setProcName) {
294        int len = strlen(argv0);
295        if (len < 15) {
296            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0);
297        } else {
298            pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), argv0 + len - 15);
299        }
300    }
301    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
302    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
303}
304
305status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
306    const Vector<String8>& args)
307{
308    JNIEnv* env;
309    jmethodID methodId;
310
311    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());
312
313    env = getJNIEnv();
314    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
315        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
316    }
317
318    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
319    if (methodId == NULL) {
320        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
321        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
322    }
323
324    /*
325     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
326     * Create an array and populate it.
327     */
328    jclass stringClass;
329    jobjectArray strArray;
330
331    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
332    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
333    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);
334
335    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
336        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
337        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
338    }
339
340    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
341    return NO_ERROR;
342}
343
344/*
345 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
346 */
347static void runtime_exit(int code)
348{
349    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
350}
351
352/*
353 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
354 *
355 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
356 */
357static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
358{
359    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
360}
361
362/**
363 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
364 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
365 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
366 *
367 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
368 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
369 * into us)
370 */
371static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
372    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
373    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
374}
375
376static int hasDir(const char* dir)
377{
378    struct stat s;
379    int res = stat(dir, &s);
380    if (res == 0) {
381        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
382    }
383    return 0;
384}
385
386static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
387    struct stat s;
388    int res = stat(file, &s);
389    if (res == 0) {
390        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
391    }
392    return false;
393}
394
395// Convenience wrapper over the property API that returns an
396// std::string.
397std::string getProperty(const char* key, const char* defaultValue) {
398    std::vector<char> temp(PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
399    const int len = property_get(key, &temp[0], defaultValue);
400    if (len < 0) {
401        return "";
402    }
403    return std::string(&temp[0], len);
404}
405
406/*
407 * Read the persistent locale. Inspects the following system properties
408 * (in order) and returns the first non-empty property in the list :
409 *
410 * (1) persist.sys.locale
411 * (2) persist.sys.language/country/localevar (country and localevar are
412 * inspected iff. language is non-empty.
413 * (3) ro.product.locale
414 * (4) ro.product.locale.language/region
415 *
416 * Note that we need to inspect persist.sys.language/country/localevar to
417 * preserve language settings for devices that are upgrading from Lollipop
418 * to M. The same goes for ro.product.locale.language/region as well.
419 */
420const std::string readLocale()
421{
422    const std::string locale = getProperty("persist.sys.locale", "");
423    if (!locale.empty()) {
424        return locale;
425    }
426
427    const std::string language = getProperty("persist.sys.language", "");
428    if (!language.empty()) {
429        const std::string country = getProperty("persist.sys.country", "");
430        const std::string variant = getProperty("persist.sys.localevar", "");
431
432        std::string out = language;
433        if (!country.empty()) {
434            out = out + "-" + country;
435        }
436
437        if (!variant.empty()) {
438            out = out + "-" + variant;
439        }
440
441        return out;
442    }
443
444    const std::string productLocale = getProperty("ro.product.locale", "");
445    if (!productLocale.empty()) {
446        return productLocale;
447    }
448
449    // If persist.sys.locale and ro.product.locale are missing,
450    // construct a locale value from the individual locale components.
451    const std::string productLanguage = getProperty("ro.product.locale.language", "en");
452    const std::string productRegion = getProperty("ro.product.locale.region", "US");
453
454    return productLanguage + "-" + productRegion;
455}
456
457void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
458{
459    JavaVMOption opt;
460    opt.optionString = optionString;
461    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
462    mOptions.add(opt);
463}
464
465/*
466 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
467 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
468 *
469 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
470 *
471 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
472 *
473 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
474 */
475void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
476{
477    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
478    char* end = NULL;
479    while (*start != '\0') {
480        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
481            start++;
482        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
483            break;
484
485        end = start+1;
486        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
487            end++;
488        if (*end == ' ')
489            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */
490
491        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
492            addOption(quotingArg);
493        }
494        addOption(start);
495        start = end;
496    }
497}
498
499/*
500 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
501 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
502 * as "-Xmx32m".
503 *
504 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
505 *
506 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
507 *
508 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
509 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
510 */
511bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
512                                        char* buffer,
513                                        const char* runtimeArg,
514                                        const char* defaultArg)
515{
516    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
517    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
518    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
519    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
520        return false;
521    }
522    addOption(buffer);
523    return true;
524}
525
526/*
527 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
528 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
529 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=assume-verified".
530 *
531 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
532 *
533 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
534 *
535 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
536 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
537 */
538bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
539                                         char* buffer,
540                                         const char* compilerArg,
541                                         const char* quotingArg)
542{
543    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
544    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
545    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
546    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
547        return false;
548    }
549    addOption(quotingArg);
550    addOption(buffer);
551    return true;
552}
553
554/*
555 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
556 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
557 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
558 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
559 *
560 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
561 *
562 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
563 *
564 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
565 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
566 */
567bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
568                                                char* buffer,
569                                                const char* runtimeArg,
570                                                const char* quotingArg)
571{
572    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
573    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
574    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
575    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
576        return false;
577    }
578    addOption(quotingArg);
579    addOption("--runtime-arg");
580    addOption(quotingArg);
581    addOption(buffer);
582    return true;
583}
584
585/*
586 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
587 *
588 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
589 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
590 *
591 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
592 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
593 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
594 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
595 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
596 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
597 * and thus introduce a bug.
598 *
599 * Returns 0 on success.
600 */
601int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
602{
603    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
604    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
605    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
606    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
607    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
608    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
609    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
610    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
611    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
612    char usejitOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xusejit:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
613    char jitmaxsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmaxsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
614    char jitinitialsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitinitialsize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
615    char jitthresholdOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
616    char useJitProfilesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
617    char jitprithreadweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjitprithreadweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
618    char jittransitionweightOptBuf[sizeof("-Xjittransitionweight:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
619    char hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
620    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
621    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
622    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
623    char cachePruneBuf[sizeof("-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
624    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
625    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
626    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
627    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
628    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
629    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
630    char dex2oatThreadsBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
631    char dex2oatThreadsImageBuf[sizeof("-j")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
632    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
633    char dex2oat_isa_variant[sizeof("--instruction-set-variant=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
634    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
635    char dex2oat_isa_features[sizeof("--instruction-set-features=") -1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
636    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
637    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
638    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
639    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
640    enum {
641      kEMDefault,
642      kEMIntPortable,
643      kEMIntFast,
644      kEMJitCompiler,
645    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
646    char localeOption[sizeof("-Duser.locale=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
647    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
648    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
649    char cpuAbiListBuf[sizeof("--cpu-abilist=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
650    char methodTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
651    char methodTraceFileSizeBuf[sizeof("-Xmethod-trace-file-size:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
652    char fingerprintBuf[sizeof("-Xfingerprint:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
653
654    bool checkJni = false;
655    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
656    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
657        checkJni = true;
658    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
659        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
660        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
661        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
662            checkJni = true;
663        }
664    }
665    ALOGV("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
666    if (checkJni) {
667        /* extended JNI checking */
668        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");
669
670        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
671        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
672    }
673
674    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
675    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
676        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
677    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
678        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
679    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
680        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
681    }
682
683    // If dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir is set, it enables the "new" stack trace
684    // dump scheme and a new file is created for each stack dump. If it isn't set,
685    // the old scheme is enabled.
686    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-dir", propBuf, "");
687    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
688        addOption("-Xusetombstonedtraces");
689    } else {
690        parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");
691    }
692
693    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
694    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
695        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
696    }
697
698    /* route exit() to our handler */
699    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);
700
701    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
702    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);
703
704    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
705    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);
706
707    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
708    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
709    addOption("-verbose:gc");
710    //addOption("-verbose:class");
711
712    /*
713     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
714     * values should be specified in a product property override.
715     */
716    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
717    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");
718
719    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
720    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
721    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
722    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
723                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
724                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
725
726    /*
727     * JIT related options.
728     */
729    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
730    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
731    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
732    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
733    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
734    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
735        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
736    }
737
738    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
739                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
740                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");
741
742    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
743                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
744                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");
745
746    /*
747     * Profile related options.
748     */
749    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.hot-startup-method-samples", hotstartupsamplesOptsBuf,
750            "-Xps-hot-startup-method-samples:");
751
752    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
753    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
754      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
755    }
756
757    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
758    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");
759
760    /*
761     * Enable debugging only for apps forked from zygote.
762     * Set suspend=y to pause during VM init and use android ADB transport.
763     */
764    if (zygote) {
765      addOption("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y");
766    }
767
768    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
769                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
770                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
771
772    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
773        addOption("-Xint:portable");
774    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
775        addOption("-Xint:fast");
776    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
777        addOption("-Xint:jit");
778    }
779
780    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
781    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
782    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
783                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));
784
785    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
786    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
787                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
788    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
789                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
790    if (skip_compilation) {
791        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
792        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
793    } else {
794        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
795                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
796    }
797
798    // If there is a boot profile, it takes precedence over the image and preloaded classes.
799    if (hasFile("/system/etc/boot-image.prof")) {
800        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
801        addOption("--profile-file=/system/etc/boot-image.prof");
802        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
803        addOption("--compiler-filter=speed-profile");
804    } else {
805        // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
806        if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
807            ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
808                  strerror(errno));
809            return -1;
810        }
811        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
812        addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");
813
814        // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
815        if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
816            addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
817            addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
818        }
819    }
820
821    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
822    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");
823
824    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
825    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
826                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
827    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
828                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
829    if (skip_compilation) {
830        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
831        addOption("--compiler-filter=assume-verified");
832
833        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
834        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
835        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
836        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
837        // directly instead.
838        addOption("--runtime-arg");
839        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
840    } else {
841        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
842                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
843    }
844    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
845    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
846                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
847
848    // The runtime will compile a boot image, when necessary, not using installd. Thus, we need to
849    // pass the instruction-set-features/variant as an image-compiler-option.
850    // TODO: Find a better way for the instruction-set.
851#if defined(__arm__)
852    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm";
853#elif defined(__aarch64__)
854    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "arm64";
855#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
856    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips";
857#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
858    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "mips64";
859#elif defined(__i386__)
860    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86";
861#elif defined(__x86_64__)
862    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "x86_64";
863#else
864    constexpr const char* instruction_set = "unknown";
865#endif
866    // Note: it is OK to reuse the buffer, as the values are exactly the same between
867    //       * compiler-option, used for runtime compilation (DexClassLoader)
868    //       * image-compiler-option, used for boot-image compilation on device
869
870    // Copy the variant.
871    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
872    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
873                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
874    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, dex2oat_isa_variant,
875                        "--instruction-set-variant=", "-Xcompiler-option");
876    // Copy the features.
877    sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
878    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
879                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
880    parseCompilerOption(dex2oat_isa_features_key, dex2oat_isa_features,
881                        "--instruction-set-features=", "-Xcompiler-option");
882
883
884    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
885    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");
886
887    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
888    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
889    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);
890
891    /* Set the properties for locale */
892    {
893        strcpy(localeOption, "-Duser.locale=");
894        const std::string locale = readLocale();
895        strncat(localeOption, locale.c_str(), PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
896        addOption(localeOption);
897    }
898
899    // Trace files are stored in /data/misc/trace which is writable only in debug mode.
900    property_get("ro.debuggable", propBuf, "0");
901    if (strcmp(propBuf, "1") == 0) {
902        property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace", propBuf, "false");
903        if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
904            addOption("-Xmethod-trace");
905            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file",
906                               methodTraceFileBuf,
907                               "-Xmethod-trace-file:");
908            parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.method-trace-file-siz",
909                               methodTraceFileSizeBuf,
910                               "-Xmethod-trace-file-size:");
911            property_get("dalvik.vm.method-trace-stream", propBuf, "false");
912            if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
913                addOption("-Xmethod-trace-stream");
914            }
915        }
916    }
917
918    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
919    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
920    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
921        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
922    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
923        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
924                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
925        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
926    }
927
928#if defined(__LP64__)
929    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist64";
930#else
931    const char* cpu_abilist_property_name = "ro.product.cpu.abilist32";
932#endif  // defined(__LP64__)
933    property_get(cpu_abilist_property_name, propBuf, "");
934    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
935        ALOGE("%s is not expected to be empty", cpu_abilist_property_name);
936        return -1;
937    }
938    snprintf(cpuAbiListBuf, sizeof(cpuAbiListBuf), "--cpu-abilist=%s", propBuf);
939    addOption(cpuAbiListBuf);
940
941    // Dalvik-cache pruning counter.
942    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.zygote.max-boot-retry", cachePruneBuf,
943                       "-Xzygote-max-boot-retry=");
944
945    /*
946     * When running with debug.generate-debug-info, add --generate-debug-info to
947     * the compiler options so that the boot image, if it is compiled on device,
948     * will include native debugging information.
949     */
950    property_get("debug.generate-debug-info", propBuf, "");
951    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
952        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
953        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
954        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
955        addOption("--generate-debug-info");
956    }
957
958    /*
959     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
960     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
961     */
962    parseRuntimeOption("ro.build.fingerprint", fingerprintBuf, "-Xfingerprint:");
963
964    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
965    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
966    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
967    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;
968
969    /*
970     * Initialize the VM.
971     *
972     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
973     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
974     * JNI calls.
975     */
976    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
977        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
978        return -1;
979    }
980
981    return 0;
982}
983
984char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
985{
986    char* result = strdup(className);
987    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
988        if (*cp == '.') {
989            *cp = '/';
990        }
991    }
992    return result;
993}
994
995/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
996jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
997    if (!bytes) return NULL;
998    int length = strlen(bytes);
999    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
1000    if (!buffer) return NULL;
1001    jchar* chp = buffer;
1002    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1003        *chp++ = *bytes++;
1004    }
1005    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
1006}
1007
1008
1009/*
1010 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
1011 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
1012 * named by "className".
1013 *
1014 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
1015 * options string.
1016 */
1017void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
1018{
1019    ALOGD(">>>>>> START %s uid %d <<<<<<\n",
1020            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)", getuid());
1021
1022    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");
1023
1024    /*
1025     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
1026     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
1027     */
1028    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1029        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
1030           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
1031           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
1032           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
1033        }
1034    }
1035
1036    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
1037    if (rootDir == NULL) {
1038        rootDir = "/system";
1039        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
1040            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
1041            return;
1042        }
1043        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
1044    }
1045
1046    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
1047    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);
1048
1049    /* start the virtual machine */
1050    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
1051    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
1052    JNIEnv* env;
1053    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
1054        return;
1055    }
1056    onVmCreated(env);
1057
1058    /*
1059     * Register android functions.
1060     */
1061    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
1062        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
1063        return;
1064    }
1065
1066    /*
1067     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
1068     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
1069     * Create an array to hold them.
1070     */
1071    jclass stringClass;
1072    jobjectArray strArray;
1073    jstring classNameStr;
1074
1075    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
1076    assert(stringClass != NULL);
1077    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
1078    assert(strArray != NULL);
1079    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
1080    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
1081    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
1082
1083    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
1084        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
1085        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
1086        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
1087    }
1088
1089    /*
1090     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
1091     * not return until the VM exits.
1092     */
1093    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
1094    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
1095    if (startClass == NULL) {
1096        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
1097        /* keep going */
1098    } else {
1099        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
1100            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
1101        if (startMeth == NULL) {
1102            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
1103            /* keep going */
1104        } else {
1105            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
1106
1107#if 0
1108            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
1109                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
1110#endif
1111        }
1112    }
1113    free(slashClassName);
1114
1115    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
1116    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
1117        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
1118    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
1119        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
1120}
1121
1122void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
1123{
1124    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
1125        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
1126        ::_exit(code);
1127    } else {
1128        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
1129        onExit(code);
1130        ::exit(code);
1131    }
1132}
1133
1134void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
1135{
1136    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
1137}
1138
1139/*
1140 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
1141 *
1142 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
1143 */
1144/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
1145{
1146    JNIEnv* env;
1147    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1148    assert(vm != NULL);
1149
1150    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
1151        return NULL;
1152    return env;
1153}
1154
1155/*
1156 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
1157 *
1158 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
1159 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
1160 */
1161static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
1162{
1163    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
1164    JavaVM* vm;
1165    jint result;
1166
1167    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1168    assert(vm != NULL);
1169
1170    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
1171    args.name = (char*) threadName;
1172    args.group = NULL;
1173
1174    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
1175    if (result != JNI_OK)
1176        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);
1177
1178    return result;
1179}
1180
1181/*
1182 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
1183 */
1184static int javaDetachThread(void)
1185{
1186    JavaVM* vm;
1187    jint result;
1188
1189    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
1190    assert(vm != NULL);
1191
1192    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
1193    if (result != JNI_OK)
1194        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
1195    return result;
1196}
1197
1198/*
1199 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
1200 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
1201 * Note that this function calls free(args)
1202 */
1203/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
1204    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
1205    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
1206    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
1207    free(args);
1208    JNIEnv* env;
1209    int result;
1210
1211    /* hook us into the VM */
1212    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
1213        return -1;
1214
1215    /* start the thread running */
1216    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);
1217
1218    /* unhook us */
1219    javaDetachThread();
1220    free(name);
1221
1222    return result;
1223}
1224
1225/*
1226 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
1227 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
1228 *
1229 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
1230 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
1231 */
1232/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
1233                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
1234                                void* userData,
1235                                const char* threadName,
1236                                int32_t threadPriority,
1237                                size_t threadStackSize,
1238                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
1239{
1240    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
1241    int result;
1242
1243    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(threadName == nullptr, "threadName not provided to javaCreateThreadEtc");
1244
1245    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
1246    args[1] = userData;
1247    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free
1248
1249    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
1250        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
1251    return result;
1252}
1253
1254/*
1255 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
1256 *
1257 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
1258 */
1259/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
1260    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
1261{
1262    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
1263    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
1264        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
1265    return threadId;
1266}
1267
1268#if 0
1269static void quickTest(void* arg)
1270{
1271    const char* str = (const char*) arg;
1272
1273    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
1274}
1275#endif
1276
1277#ifdef NDEBUG
1278    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
1279    struct RegJNIRec {
1280        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1281    };
1282#else
1283    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
1284    struct RegJNIRec {
1285        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
1286        const char* mName;
1287    };
1288#endif
1289
1290typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();
1291
1292static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
1293{
1294    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1295        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
1296#ifndef NDEBUG
1297            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
1298#endif
1299            return -1;
1300        }
1301    }
1302    return 0;
1303}
1304
1305static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
1306    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
1307    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
1308    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
1309    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
1310    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
1311    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
1312    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
1313    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
1314    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
1315    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
1316    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
1317    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
1318    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
1319    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
1320    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
1321    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
1322    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
1323    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
1324    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
1325    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
1326    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBinder),
1327    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwBlob),
1328    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwParcel),
1329    REG_JNI(register_android_os_HwRemoteBinder),
1330    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfObject),
1331    REG_JNI(register_android_os_VintfRuntimeInfo),
1332    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
1333    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
1334    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
1335    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
1336    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
1337    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
1338    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
1339    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
1340    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
1341    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
1342    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
1343    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
1344    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
1345    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
1346    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
1347    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
1348    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
1349    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
1350    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
1351    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
1352    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
1353    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
1354    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
1355    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
1356    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
1357    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
1358    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),
1359
1360    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
1361    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
1362    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
1363    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
1364    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
1365    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
1366    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
1367    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
1368    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
1369    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_GraphicBuffer),
1370    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
1371    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
1372    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
1373    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
1374    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
1375    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
1376    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
1377    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
1378    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
1379    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
1380    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
1381    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
1382    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
1383    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
1384    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
1385    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
1386    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
1387    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
1388    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
1389    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),
1390
1391    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
1392    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
1393    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
1394    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
1395    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
1396    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
1397    REG_JNI(register_android_os_GraphicsEnvironment),
1398    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
1399    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
1400    REG_JNI(register_android_os_seccomp),
1401    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
1402    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
1403    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
1404    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
1405    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
1406    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
1407    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory),
1408    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
1409    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
1410    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
1411    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
1412    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
1413    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
1414    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
1415    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_HardwareBuffer),
1416    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Radio),
1417    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
1418    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
1419    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
1420    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
1421    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
1422    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
1423    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
1424    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
1425    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
1426    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
1427    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
1428    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
1429    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),
1430
1431    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
1432    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
1433    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
1434    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
1435    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
1436    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
1437    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
1438    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
1439    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
1440    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
1441    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders),
1442    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
1443    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
1444    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
1445    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
1446    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
1447    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
1448    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
1449    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
1450    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
1451    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),
1452
1453    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
1454    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
1455
1456    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
1457    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
1458    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
1459    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_FuseAppLoop),
1460};
1461
1462/*
1463 * Register android native functions with the VM.
1464 */
1465/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
1466{
1467    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
1468    /*
1469     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
1470     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
1471     * Attach calls.)
1472     */
1473    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
1474
1475    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");
1476
1477    /*
1478     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
1479     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
1480     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
1481     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
1482     */
1483    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
1484
1485    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
1486        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1487        return -1;
1488    }
1489    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
1490
1491    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
1492
1493    return 0;
1494}
1495
1496AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
1497{
1498    return gCurRuntime;
1499}
1500
1501/**
1502 * Used by surface flinger's DdmConnection to register native methods from
1503 * the framework.
1504 */
1505extern "C" jint registerFrameworkNatives(JNIEnv* env) {
1506    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
1507}
1508}   // namespace android
1509