History log of /arch/um/os-Linux/skas/process.c
Revision Date Author Comments
966e803ab12538faf2b236dbe83f7fb796a031d6 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: unify ptrace_user.h

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
510c72a3cf51c9463db64eb6c21347f4940a202f 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: take chan_*.h and line.h to arch/um/drivers

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
17e052093bcd21eaf9eb6e792cd76fdc4f0e3505 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: take register_winch_irq() into the caller of is_skas_winch()

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
0de021f797e7bd785796071aab8e14827c87d6bf 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: shared/process.h is empty now; kill it

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
00361683ce562402a189362f43370a459b166645 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: fill the handlers array at build time

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
e87df986ed053d25dbd57b8b137edec5022874f8 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: simplify set_handler()

For one thing, we always block the same signals (IRQ ones - IO, WINCH, VTALRM),
so there's no need to pass sa_mask elements in arguments. For another, the
flags depend only on whether it's an IRQ signal or not (we add SA_RESTART
for them).

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
d5c7e8b4ec4795ed0b8943cad8f87801fde371d7 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: don't bother blocking SIGARLM and SIGUSR1

We used to generate those, but we hadn't done that for a long
time. No need to bother blocking them for signal handlers.

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
9b25fcbdc64369f4cce41e73fc0f57f3fd367d20 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: switch stub_segv_handler to SA_SIGINFO variant, get rid of magic crap in there

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
078073a3d48ce7c140f1538d249da3ac545065a6 18-Aug-2011 Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk> um: -include user.h for USER_OBJ, trim includes

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
fbfe9c847edf57ac8232aeafb290f272289893a3 15-Sep-2011 Ingo van Lil <inguin@gmx.de> um: Save FPU registers between task switches

Some time ago Jeff prepared 42daba316557 ("uml: stop saving process FP
state") for UML to stop saving the process FP state between task
switches. The assumption was that since with SKAS0 every guest process
runs inside a host process context the host OS will take care of keeping
the proper FP state.

Unfortunately this is not true for multi-threaded applications, where
all guest threads share a single host process context yet all may use
the FPU on their own. Although I haven't verified it I suspect things
to be even worse in SKAS3 mode where all guest processes run inside a
single host process.

The patch reintroduces the saving and restoring of the FP context
between task switches.

[richard@nod.at: Ingo posted this patch in 2009, sadly it was never applied
and got lost. Now in 2011 the problem was reported by Gunnar.]

Signed-off-by: Ingo van Lil <inguin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Reported-by: <gunnarlindroth@hotmail.com>
Tested-by: <gunnarlindroth@hotmail.com>
Cc: Stanislav Meduna <stano@meduna.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
99764fa4ceeecba8b9e0a8a5565b418a2e94f83b 24-Jul-2008 WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> UML: make several more things static

- Make some variables and functions static, since they don't need to be
global.

- Remove an unused function - arch/um/kernel/time.c::sched_clock().

- Clean the style a bit as complained by checkpatch.pl.

Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
3d5ede6f776bdb1483bcd086f79c3bf41fed3865 06-Jun-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: stub needs to tolerate SIGWINCH

We lost the marking of SIGWINCH as being OK to receive during stub
execution, causing a panic should that happen.

Cc: Benedict Verheyen <benedict.verheyen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
96cee3044dca2e6510ca7cc276d1eac34a1cfd51 12-May-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: style fixes

A few random style fixes.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2f56debd77a8f52f1ac1d3c3d89cc7ce5e083230 24-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: fix FP register corruption

Commit ee3d9bd4de1ed93d2a7ee41c331ed30a1c7b8acd ("uml: simplify SIGSEGV
handling"), while greatly simplifying the kernel SIGSEGV handler that
runs in the process address space, introduced a bug which corrupts FP
state in the process.

Previously, the SIGSEGV handler called the sigreturn system call by hand - it
couldn't return through the restorer provided to it because that could try to
call the libc restorer which likely wouldn't exist in the process address
space. So, it blocked off some signals, including SIGUSR1, on entry to the
SIGSEGV handler, queued a SIGUSR1 to itself, and invoked sigreturn. The
SIGUSR1 was delivered, and was visible to the UML kernel after sigreturn
finished.

The commit eliminated the signal masking and the call to sigreturn. The
handler simply hits itself with a SIGTRAP to let the UML kernel know that it
is finished. UML then restores the process registers, which effectively
longjmps the process out of the signal handler, skipping sigreturn's restoring
of register state and the signal mask.

The bug is that the host apparently sets used_fp to 0 when it saves the
process FP state in the sigcontext on the process signal stack. Thus, when
the process is longjmped out of the handler, its FP state is corrupt because
it wasn't saved on the context switch to the UML kernel.

This manifested itself as sleep hanging. For some reason, sleep uses floating
point in order to calculate the sleep interval. When a page fault corrupts
its FP state, it is faked into essentially sleeping forever.

This patch saves the FP state before entering the SIGSEGV handler and restores
it afterwards.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
5134d8fea06ab51459fd095d091d1e6f73a44553 08-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: style fixes in arch/um/os-Linux

Style changes under arch/um/os-Linux:
include trimming
CodingStyle fixes
some printks needed severity indicators

make_tempfile turns out not to be used outside of mem.c, so it is now static.
Its declaration in tempfile.h is no longer needed, and tempfile.h itself is no
longer needed.

create_tmp_file was also made static.

checkpatch moans about an EXPORT_SYMBOL in user_syms.c which is part of a
macro definition - this is copying a bit of kernel infrastructure into the
libc side of UML because the kernel headers can't be included there.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
b54988325c4cbf8bd92c0def53387ab6516d0920 05-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: add newlines to printks

Some printks were missing newlines.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
e06173bde0ec9830a296720f8cd7cb2f17b76fa4 05-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: don't allow processes to call into stub

Kill a process that tries to branch into a stub and execute a system
call. There are no security implications here - a system call in a
stub is treated the same as a system call anywhere else. But if a
process is trying to branch into a stub, either it is trying something
nasty or it has gone haywire, so it's a good idea to get rid of it in
either case.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
3e6f2ac480ce398ade2fd6b5e02d00d1265f1e0f 05-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: kill processes instead of panicing kernel

UML was panicing in the case of failures of libc calls which shouldn't happen.
This is an overreaction since a failure from libc doesn't normally mean that
kernel data structures are in an unknown state. Instead, the current process
should just be killed if there is no way to recover.

The case that prompted this was a failure of PTRACE_SETREGS restoring the same
state that was read by PTRACE_GETREGS. It appears that when a process tries
to load a bogus value into a segment register, it segfaults (as expected) and
the value is actually loaded and is seen by PTRACE_GETREGS (not expected).

This case is fixed by forcing a fatal SIGSEGV on the process so that it
immediately dies. fatal_sigsegv was added for this purpose. It was declared
as noreturn, so in order to pursuade gcc that it actually does not return, I
added a call to os_dump_core (and declared it noreturn) so that I get a core
file if somehow the process survives.

All other calls in arch/um/os-Linux/skas/process.c got the same treatment,
with failures causing the process to die instead of a kernel panic, with some
exceptions.

userspace_tramp exits with status 1 if anything goes wrong there. That will
cause start_userspace to return an error. copy_context_skas0 and
map_stub_pages also now return errors instead of panicing. Callers of thes
functions were changed to check for errors and do something appropriate.
Usually that's to return an error to their callers.
check_skas3_ptrace_faultinfo just exits since that's too early to do anything
else.

save_registers, restore_registers, and init_registers now return status
instead of panicing on failure, with their callers doing something
appropriate.

There were also duplicate declarations of save_registers and restore_registers
in os.h - these are gone.

I noticed and fixed up some whitespace damage.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
d25f2e1235aab716c9fd6ba36c42503627a3a0e3 05-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: use ptrace directly in libc code

Some register accessor cleanups -
userspace() was calling restore_registers and save_registers for no
reason, since userspace() is on the libc side of the house, and these
add no value over calling ptrace directly
init_thread_registers and get_safe_registers were the same thing,
so init_thread_registers is gone

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ee3d9bd4de1ed93d2a7ee41c331ed30a1c7b8acd 05-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: simplify SIGSEGV handling

Simplify the page fault stub by not masking signals while it is running. This
allows it to signal that it is done by executing an instruction which will
generate a SIGTRAP (int3 on x86) rather than running sigreturn by hand after
queueing a blocked SIGUSR1.

userspace_tramp now no longer puts anything in the SIGSEGV sa_mask, but it
does add SA_NODEFER to sa_flags so that SIGSEGV is still enabled after the
signal handler fails to run sigreturn.

SIGWINCH is just blocked so that we don't have to deal with it and the signal
masks used by wait_stub_done are updated to reflect the smaller number of
signals that it has to worry about.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
edea138584d7586a3b93b6d5ab5ec021d18e11e9 05-Feb-2008 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: tidy kern_util.h

Tidy kern_util.h. It turns out that most of the function declarations
aren't used, so they can go away. os.h no longer includes
kern_util.h, so files which got it through os.h now need to include it
directly. A number of other files never needed it, so these includes
are deleted.

The structure which was used to pass signal handlers from the kernel
side to the userspace side is gone. Instead, the handlers are
declared here, and used directly from libc code. This allows
arch/um/os-Linux/trap.c to be deleted, with its remnants being moved
to arch/um/os-Linux/skas/trap.c.

arch/um/os-Linux/tty.c had its inclusions changed, and it needed some
style attention, so it got tidied.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
4dbed85a35ed37d9608f4f32e5d69efa775d6223 18-Dec-2007 Stanislaw Gruszka <stf_xl@wp.pl> uml: stop gdb from deleting breakpoints when running UML

Sometimes when UML is debugged gdb miss breakpoints.

When process traced by gdb do fork, debugger remove breakpoints from
child address space. There is possibility to trace more than one fork,
but this not work with UML, I guess (only guess) there is a deadlock -
gdb waits for UML and UML waits for gdb.

When clone() is called with SIGCHLD and CLONE_VM flags, gdb see this
as PTRACE_EVENT_FORK not as PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE and remove breakpoints
from child and at the same time from traced process, because either
have the same address space.

Maybe it is possible to do fix in gdb, but I'm not sure if there is
easy way to find out if traced and child processes share memory. So I
do fix for UML, it simply do not call clone() with both SIGCHLD and
CLONE_VM flags together. Additionally __WALL flag is used for
waitpid() to assure not miss clone and normal process events.

[ jdike - checkpatch fixes ]

Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <stf_xl@wp.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
a24864a1d52a97e345a6bd4862a057f98364d098 16-Oct-2007 Lepton Wu <ytht.net@gmail.com> uml: definitively kill subprocesses on panic

In a stock 2.6.22.6 kernel, poweroff a user mode linux guest (2.6.22.6 running
in skas0 mode) will halt the host linux. I think the reason is the kernel
thread abort because of a bug. Then the sys_reboot in process of user mode
linux guest is not trapped by the user mode linux kernel and is executed by
host. I think it is better to make sure all of our children process to quit
when user mode linux kernel abort.

[ jdike - the kernel process needs to ignore SIGTERM, plus the waitpid/kill
loop is needed to make sure that all of our children are dead before the
kernel exits ]

Signed-off-by: Lepton Wu <ytht.net@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
54ae36f24b103e521dd683f66fe72b0584ccb7e2 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: fix stub address calculations

The calculation of CONFIG_STUB_CODE and CONFIG_STUB_DATA didn't take into
account anything but 3G/1G and 2G/2G, leaving the other vmsplits out in the
cold.

I'd rather not duplicate the four known host vmsplit cases for each of these
symbols. I'd also like to calculate them based on the highest userspace
address.

The Kconfig language seems not to allow calculation of hex constants, so I
moved this to as-layout.h. CONFIG_STUB_CODE, CONFIG_STUB_DATA, and
CONFIG_STUB_START are now gone. In their place are STUB_CODE, STUB_DATA, and
STUB_START in as-layout.h.

i386 and x86_64 seem to differ as to whether an unadorned constant is an int
or a long, so I cast them to unsigned long so they can be printed
consistently. However, they are also used in stub.S, where C types don't work
so well. So, there are ASM_ versions of these constants for use in stub.S. I
also ifdef-ed the non-asm-friendly portion of as-layout.h.

With this in place, most of the rest of this patch is changing CONFIG_STUB_*
to STUB_*, except in stub.S, where they are changed to ASM_STUB_*.

defconfig has the old symbols deleted.

I also print these addresses out in case there is any problem mapping them on
the host.

The two stub.S files had some trailing whitespace, so that is cleaned up here.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1a80521990a0e30e61a92994a009adc52161b070 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: use *SEC_PER_*SEC constants

There are various uses of powers of 1000, plus the odd BILLION constant in the
time code. However, there are perfectly good definitions of *SEC_PER_*SEC in
linux/time.h which can be used instaed.

These are replaced directly in kernel code. Userspace code imports those
constants as UM_*SEC_PER_*SEC and uses these.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
61b63c556c0877ee6d3832ee641bc427ff4d94d6 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: eliminate SIGALRM

Now that ITIMER_REAL is no longer used, there is no need for any use of
SIGALRM whatsoever. This patch removes all mention of it.

In addition, real_alarm_handler took a signal argument which is now always
SIGVTALRM. So, that is gone.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
d2753a6d199791a6abc75d9f657e3457fe61705f 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: tickless support

Enable tickless support.

CONFIG_TICK_ONESHOT and CONFIG_NO_HZ are enabled.

itimer_clockevent gets CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_ONESHOT and an implementation of
.set_next_event.

CONFIG_UML_REAL_TIME_CLOCK goes away because it only makes sense when there is
a clock ticking away all the time. timer_handler now just calls do_IRQ once
without trying to figure out how many ticks to emulate.

The idle loop now needs to turn ticking on and off.

Userspace ticks keep happening as usual. However, the userspace loop keep
track of when the next wakeup should happen and suppresses process ticks until
that happens.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
a2f018bf389422a55f1455ab8b9b5eedc5ea1803 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: simplify interval setting

set_interval took a timer type as an argument, but it always specified a
virtual timer. So, it is not needed, and it is gone, and set_interval is
simplified appropriately.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
532d0fa4d104ca3e37dd38bc5073376fcc3c2712 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: eliminate hz()

Eliminate hz() since its only purpose was to provide a kernel-space constant
to userspace code. This can be done instead by providing the constant
directly through kernel_constants.h.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
512b6fb1c14d4c34f23a3419b0789ad01914a899 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: userspace files should call libc directly

A number of files that were changed in the recent removal of tt mode
are userspace files which call the os_* wrappers instead of calling
libc directly. A few other files were affected by this, through

This patch makes these call glibc directly.

There are also style fixes in the affected areas.

os_print_error has no remaining callers, so it is deleted.

There is a interface change to os_set_exec_close, eliminating a
parameter which was always the same. The callers are fixed as well.

os_process_pc got its error path cleaned up.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
18badddaa84e13e126f4ca5df47ac55b97a2635a 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: rename pt_regs general-purpose register file

Before the removal of tt mode, access to a register on the skas-mode side of a
pt_regs struct looked like pt_regs.regs.skas.regs.regs[FOO]. This was bad
enough, but it became pt_regs.regs.regs.regs[FOO] with the removal of the
union from the middle. To get rid of the run of three "regs", the last field
is renamed to "gp".

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
0a7675aa204ac2470bb06f562557978b03914a71 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: remove __u64 usage from physical memory subsystem

Eliminate some uses of __u64 in the physical memory support. It's hard to get
a definition of __u64 in both kernel and userspace code on x86_64, so this
changes them to unsigned long long.

There are also a copyright update and formatting comment removal from the
affected header.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ba180fd437156f7fd8cfb2fdd021d949eeef08d6 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: style fixes pass 3

Formatting changes in the files which have been changed in the course
of folding foo_skas functions into their callers. These include:
copyright updates
header file trimming
style fixes
adding severity to printks

These changes should be entirely non-functional.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
77bf4400319db9d2a8af6b00c2be6faa0f3d07cb 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: remove code made redundant by CHOOSE_MODE removal

This patch makes a number of simplifications enabled by the removal of
CHOOSE_MODE. There were lots of functions that looked like

int foo(args){
foo_skas(args);
}

The bodies of foo_skas are now folded into foo, and their declarations (and
sometimes entire header files) are deleted.

In addition, the union uml_pt_regs, which was a union between the tt and skas
register formats, is now a struct, with the tt-mode arm of the union being
removed.

It turns out that usr2_handler was unused, so it is gone.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
42daba316557e597a90a730f61c762602b7f0e0c 16-Oct-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: stop saving process FP state

Throw out a lot of code dealing with saving and restoring floating-point
state. In skas mode, where processes run in a restoring floating-point state
on kernel entry and exit is pointless.

This eliminates most of arch/um/os-Linux/sys-{i386,x86_64}/registers.c. Most
of what remained is now arch-indpendent, and can be moved up to
arch/um/os-Linux/registers.c. Both arches need the jmp_buf accessor
get_thread_reg, and i386 needs {save,restore}_fp_regs because it cheats during
sigreturn by getting the fp state using ptrace rather than copying it out of
the process sigcontext.

After this, it turns out that arch/um/include/skas/mode-skas.h is almost
completely unneeded. The declarations in it are variables which either don't
exist or which don't have global scope. The one exception is
kill_off_processes_skas. If that's removed, this header can be deleted.

This uncovered a bug in user.h, which wasn't correctly making sure that a
size_t definition was available to both userspace and kernelspace files.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
42a359e31a0e438b5b978a8f0fecdbd3c86bb033 16-Jul-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: SIGIO support cleanup

Cleanup of the SIGWINCH support.

Some code and comment reformatting.

The stack used for SIGWINCH threads was leaked. This is now fixed by storing
it with the pid and other information, and freeing it when the thread is
killed.

If something goes wrong with a WIGWINCH thread, and this is discovered in the
interrupt handler, the winch record would leak. It is now freed, except that
the IRQ isn't freed. This is hard to do from interrupt context. This has the
side-effect that the IRQ system maintains a reference to the freed structure,
but that shouldn't cause a problem since the descriptor is disabled.

register_winch_irq is now much better about cleaning up after an
initialization failure.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
c539ab73070b381f0452dae791f891ec2515098e 16-Jun-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: remove PAGE_SIZE from libc code

Distros seem to be removing PAGE_SIZE from asm/page.h. So, the libc side of
UML should stop using it.

I replace it with UM_KERN_PAGE_SIZE, which is defined to be the same as
PAGE_SIZE on the kernel side of the house. I could also use getpagesize(),
but it's more important that UML have the same value of PAGE_SIZE everywhere.
It's conceivable that it could be built with a larger PAGE_SIZE, and use of
getpagesize() would break that badly.

PAGE_MASK got the same treatment, as it is closely tied to PAGE_SIZE.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2ea5bc5e5bb51492f189bba44045e0de7decf4a0 11-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: tidy IRQ code

Some tidying of the irq code before introducing irq stacks. Mostly
style fixes, but the timer handler calls the timer code directly
rather than going through the generic sig_handler_common_skas.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
e1a79c400a86f2f6a6735480e31f6ee159e76fa2 11-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: use UM_THREAD_SIZE in userspace code

Now that we have UM_THREAD_SIZE, we can replace the calculations in
user-space code (an earlier patch took care of the kernel side of the
house).

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
0e7d18b57c39bedcbd181e3c06d13572b33e5380 09-May-2007 Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> uml: turn build warnings into comments

These haven't been fixed for ages. Just make comments out of them.

arch/um/kernel/skas/process.c:181:2: warning: #warning Need to look up
+userspace_pid by cpu
arch/um/kernel/skas/process.c:187:2: warning: #warning Need to look up
+userspace_pid by cpu
arch/um/kernel/skas/process.c:194:2: warning: #warning need to loop over
+userspace_pids in kill_off_processes_skas

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
16dd07bc6404c8da0bdfeb7a5cde4e4a63991c00 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: more page fault path trimming

More trimming of the page fault path.

Permissions are passed around in a single int rather than one bit per
int. The permission values are copied from libc so that they can be
passed to mmap and mprotect without any further conversion.

The register sets used by do_syscall_stub and copy_context_skas0 are
initialized once, at boot time, rather than once per call.

wait_stub_done checks whether it is getting the signals it expects by
comparing the wait status to a mask containing bits for the signals of
interest rather than comparing individually to the signal numbers. It
also has one check for a wait failure instead of two. The caller is
expected to do the initial continue of the stub. This gets rid of an
argument and some logic. The fname argument is gone, as that can be
had from a stack trace.

user_signal() is collapsed into userspace() as it is basically one or
two lines of code afterwards.

The physical memory remapping stuff is gone, as it is unused.

flush_tlb_page is inlined.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
77f6af778dc23514d897f4fdc7935329285ecb1b 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: don't try to handle signals on initial process stack

Code running on the initial UML stack can't receive or process signals since
current must be valid when IRQs are handled, and there is no current for this
stack.

So, instead of using UML_LONGJMP and UML_SETJMP, which are careful to save and
restore signal state, and, as a side-effect, handle any deferred signals,
start_idle_thread must use the bare equivalents, which don't do anything with
signals.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
a61f334fd2864b9b040f7e882726426ed7e8a317 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: convert libc layer to call read and write

This patch converts calls in the os layer to os_{read,write}_file to calls
directly to libc read() and write() where it is clear that the I/O buffer is
in the kernel.

We can do that here instead of calling os_{read,write}_file_k since we are in
libc code and can call libc directly.

With the change in the calls, error handling needs to be changed to refer to
errno directly rather than the return value of the call.

CATCH_EINTR wrappers were also added where needed.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ef0470c053274c343b2be8737e0146d65e17f9be 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: tidy libc code

This patch lays some groundwork for the next one, which converts calls to
os_{read,write}_file into {read,write}, by doing some tidying in the affected
areas.

do_not_aio gets restructured to make the final result a bit cleaner.

There are also whitespace and other formatting fixes, fixes in error messages,
and a typo fix.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
f30c2c983e09470446ee00472f9d4a927fe2e9cb 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: dump registers on ptrace or wait failure

Provide a register dump if handle_trap fails. Abstract out ptrace_dump_regs
since it now has two callers.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1ffb9164f51094b7105ce9f81600b222ddf5b82c 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: remove page_size()

userspace code used to have to call the kernelspace function page_size() in
order to determine the value of the kernel's PAGE_SIZE. Since this is now
available directly from kern_constants.h as UM_KERN_PAGE_SIZE, page_size() can
be deleted and calls changed to use the constant.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
9218b1714949095bff9d9739d80f431d58e561d6 06-May-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> uml: remove user_util.h

user_util.h isn't needed any more, so delete it and remove all includes of it.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
b92c4f922b2e8c70f8790d42e45bb9401c57be63 27-Mar-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: use correct register file size everywhere

This patch uses MAX_REG_NR consistently to refer to the register file size.
FRAME_SIZE isn't sufficient because on x86_64, it is smaller than the
ptrace register file size. MAX_REG_NR was introduced as a consistent way
to get the number of registers, but wasn't used everywhere it should be.

When this causes a problem, it makes PTRACE_SETREGS fail on x86_64 because
of a corrupted segment register value in the known-good register file. The
patch also adds a register dump at that point in case there are any future
problems here.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
b4cf95c69a72baf90b8f275294a3ff3d282ffe09 06-Mar-2007 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: add a debugging message

Add a debugging message in the case that mapping a stub fails.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1f6f61649d8c64d7a3a4d143405df9a7bdd4af10 03-Nov-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: include tidying

In order to get the __NR_* constants, we need sys/syscall.h.
linux/unistd.h works as well since it includes syscall.h, however syscall.h
is more parsimonious. We were inconsistent in this, and this patch adds
syscall.h includes where necessary and removes linux/unistd.h includes
where they are not needed.

asm/unistd.h also includes the __NR_* constants, but these are not the
glibc-sanctioned ones, so this also removes one such inclusion.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
3c9173509985b957bea692ea887a8a0e5055cfe8 27-Sep-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: thread creation tidying

fork on UML has always somewhat subtle. The underlying cause has been the
need to initialize a stack for the new process. The only portable way to
initialize a new stack is to set it as the alternate signal stack and take a
signal. The signal handler does whatever initialization is needed and jumps
back to the original stack, where the fork processing is finished. The basic
context switching mechanism is a jmp_buf for each process. You switch to a
new process by longjmping to its jmp_buf.

Now that UML has its own implementation of setjmp and longjmp, and I can poke
around inside a jmp_buf without fear that libc will change the structure, a
much simpler mechanism is possible. The jmpbuf can simply be initialized by
hand.

This eliminates -
the need to set up and remove the alternate signal stack
sending and handling a signal
the signal blocking needed around the stack switching, since
there is no stack switching
setting up the jmp_buf needed to jump back to the original
stack after the new one is set up

In addition, since jmp_buf is now defined by UML, and not by libc, it can be
embedded in the thread struct. This makes it unnecessary to have it exist on
the stack, where it used to be. It also simplifies interfaces, since the
switch jmp_buf used to be a void * inside the thread struct, and functions
which took it as an argument needed to define a jmp_buf variable and assign it
from the void *.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
537ae946e808d0f22d660f7a3500832fe0c07d14 26-Sep-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: timer cleanups

set_interval returns an error instead of panicing if setitimer fails. Some of
its callers now check the return.

enable_timer is largely tt-mode-specific, so it is marked as such, and the
only skas-mode caller is made to call set-interval instead.

user_time_init was a no-value-added wrapper around set_interval, so it is
gone.

Since set_interval is now called from kernel code, callers no longer pass
ITIMER_* to it. Instead, they pass a flag which is converted into ITIMER_REAL
or ITIMER_VIRTUAL.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
4b84c69b5f6c08a540e3683f1360a6cdef2806c7 26-Sep-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: Move signal handlers to arch code

Have most signals go through an arch-provided handler which recovers the
sigcontext and then calls a generic handler. This replaces the
ARCH_GET_SIGCONTEXT macro, which was somewhat fragile. On x86_64, recovering
%rdx (which holds the sigcontext pointer) must be the first thing that
happens. sig_handler duly invokes that first, but there is no guarantee that
I can see that instructions won't be reordered such that %rdx is used before
that. Having the arch provide the handler seems much more robust.

Some signals in some parts of UML require their own handlers - these places
don't call set_handler any more. They call sigaction or signal themselves.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
13c06be399902c9ebda08e092edb1614bb4a3761 26-Sep-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: Use klibc setjmp/longjmp

This patch adds an implementation of setjmp and longjmp to UML, allowing
access to the inside of a jmpbuf without needing the access macros formerly
provided by libc.

The implementation is stolen from klibc. I copy the relevant files into
arch/um. I have another patch which avoids the copying, but requires klibc be
in the tree.

setjmp and longjmp users required some tweaking. Includes of <setjmp.h> were
removed and includes of the UML longjmp.h were added where necessary. There
are also replacements of siglongjmp with UML_LONGJMP which I somehow missed
earlier.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
a5df0d1a2c0f7dbd135d978d02daf2d99e62ff7a 14-Jul-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: tidy longjmp macro

The UML_SETJMP macro was requiring its users to pass in a argument which it
could supply itself, since it wasn't used outside that invocation of the
macro.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
e64bd134085451fe3f751025c5d5a70729164b7c 10-Jul-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: signal initialization cleanup

It turns out that init_new_thread_signals is always called with altstack == 1,
so we can eliminate the parameter.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2ace87b9502d922397cabaf07d73e0b60c480ecf 01-May-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: error handling fixes

Blairsorblade noticed some confusion between our use of a system
call's return value and errno. This patch fixes a number of related
bugs -
using errno instead of a return value
using a return value instead of errno
forgetting to negate a error return to get a positive error code

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
ad28e029789ef46aebdfb9ece01d431ce1c637c8 19-Apr-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: change sigjmp_buf to jmp_buf

Clean up the jmpbuf code. Since softints, we no longer use sig_setjmp, so
the UML_SIGSETJMP wrapper now has a misleading name. Also, I forgot to
change the buffers from sigjmp_buf to jmp_buf.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
802e307795c9cf57e91389d65cb87bfe6d03a89e 11-Apr-2006 Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> [PATCH] uml: fix format errors

Now that GCC warns about format errors, fix them. Nothing able to cause a
crash, however.

Signed-off-by: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
e2216feb37f1df65a29fb1e5ed41d9f7ba657b2c 07-Feb-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: initialize process FP registers properly

We weren't making sure that we initialized the FP registers of new processes
to sane values.

This patch also moves some defines in the affected area closer to where they
are used.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
1d7173baf286c8b720f97f119ec92be43076ebde 19-Jan-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: implement soft interrupts

This patch implements soft interrupts. Interrupt enabling and disabling no
longer map to sigprocmask. Rather, a flag is set indicating whether
interrupts may be handled. If a signal comes in and interrupts are marked as
OK, then it is handled normally. If interrupts are marked as off, then the
signal handler simply returns after noting that a signal needs handling. When
interrupts are enabled later on, this pending signals flag is checked, and the
IRQ handlers are called at that point.

The point of this is to reduce the cost of local_irq_save et al, since they
are very much more common than the signals that they are enabling and
disabling. Soft interrupts produce a speed-up of ~25% on a kernel build.

Subtleties -

UML uses sigsetjmp/siglongjmp to switch contexts. sigsetjmp has been
wrapped in a save_flags-like macro which remembers the interrupt state at
setjmp time, and restores it when it is longjmp-ed back to.

The enable_signals function has to loop because the IRQ handler
disables interrupts before returning. enable_signals has to return with
signals enabled, and signals may come in between the disabling and the
return to enable_signals. So, it loops for as long as there are pending
signals, ensuring that signals are enabled when it finally returns, and
that there are no pending signals that need to be dealt with.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
09ee011eb322c2072ec184a88763c250a5485d8b 19-Jan-2006 Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> [PATCH] uml: eliminate some globals

Stop using global variables to hold the file descriptor and offset used to map
the skas0 stubs. Instead, calculate them using the page physical addresses.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
abaf69773d8dda98b917d94c07757f6520da7bec 19-Jan-2006 Gennady Sharapov <Gennady.V.Sharapov@intel.com> [PATCH] uml: move libc-dependent skas process handling

The serial UML OS-abstraction layer patch (um/kernel/skas dir).

This moves all systemcalls from skas/process.c file under os-Linux dir and
join skas/process.c and skas/process_kern.c files.

Signed-off-by: Gennady Sharapov <gennady.v.sharapov@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>